科技英语复习资料2.0
一、标题（翻译自己找笔记）
1.Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music
2.Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans
https://www.360docs.net/doc/253471528.html,ing Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land
4.Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education
5.The Single Community Concept:A Model for Adult Environmental Education
6.Physics and Art:Uncovering Conceptual Linkages
https://www.360docs.net/doc/253471528.html,e of Diamond for Electric Devices
8.Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce
9.The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science
10.A Qualitative/Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University
11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill,Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations:A Statistical Analysis
句子
(1)The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.
医生迅速到达，非常仔细地检查了病人，(因此)病人很快就康复了。
(2)He had a firm conviction that situation will improve.
他坚信情况会好转。
(3)There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
一定要少说空话，多做工作。
(4)A successful ban of the use of nuclear weapons must be preceded by the destruction of nuclear weapons.
要成功地禁止使用核武器，必须首先销毁核武器。
(5)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
(6)The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.
他们违反了赫尔辛基协议，在国内侵犯基本人权，因此受到了各地热爱自由的人们的谴责。
(1)He is a good eater and a good sleeper.
他能吃能睡。
(2)I used to be a bit of a fancier myself.
过去我常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。
(3)He must be a very bad learner;or else he must be going to a very bad teacher.
他一定很不善于学习，不然就是他的老师很不会教。
(4)The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.
计算机比人检查得更细心、更勤快。
(5)He has someone behind him.有人给他撑腰。
(6)Ford’s first pledge was,“Mr.President,you have my support and my loyalty”.福
特一开始就保证说：“总统先生，我支持您，并效忠您”。
(1)He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation.
他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
(2)I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.
雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊异。
(3)No country should claim infallibility.
任何国家都不应自称一贯正确。
(4)High blood pressure is a contraindication for this drug.
高血压患者忌服此药。
(5)He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.
在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。
(6)These problems defy easy classification.
这些问题难以归类。
(7)She wondered whether her outspokenness might be a liability to Franklin.
自己那么心直口快，是否会成为弗兰克林的包袱，她为此感到纳闷儿。
(1)In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.
A.门口放着至少十二把五颜六色、大小不一的雨伞。
B.门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。
(2)There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
A.关于我所访问的一些地方和遇见的一些人有许多奇妙的故事可以讲。
B.我访问了一些地方，也遇到了一些人。要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着呢。
(3)Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?
A.你能回答一个使我弄不懂而又想问你的问题吗?
B.我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗?
(1)a.I saw the whole accident with my own eyes.
b.1949saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
(2)a.We visited him at his residence.
b.A series of misfortune visited the family.
这个家庭祸不单行。
(3)a.If you take this medicine,you will feel better.
b.This medicine will make you feel better.
吃了这药，你会感觉好些。
(4)The thick carpet killed the sound of my foot steps.
A.厚厚的地毯吞没了我的脚步声。
B.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。
(5)Rome witnessed many great historic events.
A.罗马城见证了许多伟大的历史性事件。
B.在罗马城发生了许多伟大的历史性事件。
(6)The appearance of distant sail raised his hope of rescue.
A.远方的帆影又唤起他获救的希望。
B.看见远方的帆影，获救的希望油然升起。
(7)A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in．
一缕雪茄烟雾伴随着奥格尔维进入房间。
奥格尔维走进房间，带来了一缕雪茄烟雾。
●Failing to be short of funds,he decided to give up the research.
由于缺乏贵金,他决定放弃此项研究.
●The article’s discussed ways to guarantee high output.
此文讨论了保证高产量的方法
●Tides are caused by the moon and sun pulling water toward them.
海潮是由于月亮和太阳吸引海水而引起的。
●Burning the fuel,the machine give off a heavy smog.
使用燃料的同时,机器放出浓浓烟雾。
●The paper describes(introduces,gives,studies,discusses,presents,outlines,deals
with etc.)the structure and design of the electric detonator used in oil field and its present situation and trend in our country.
本文介绍(讨论,提出,研究,叙述)了国内外油田电雷管的结构特征、设计原理以及我国油田用电雷管的现状及其发展。
●The purpose of this study is to establish a sound ground for the safety design of
explosive trains and the application of explosives.
本文研究旨在为引信传爆序列的安全性设计和炸药的应用提供了重要依据
●Some theoretical calculations and verification tests were carried out on thrust forces
and time of action of piston actuators as explosive detonators.
对活塞作动器的输出推力和作功时间从理论上进
行了计算,并进行了实验验证。
●The theoretical prediction is derived from the Monte Carlo procedure.
根据Monte Carlo方法导出该理论算式。
●The scientific development and talent character of the information society are
elaborated.The author points out that in the information society the technical and economic competition is firstly manifested by the information competition.And the one acquiring information quickly and accurately will be the winner in the keen competition.
此篇论述了信息社会的科技发展和人才特征,明确指出,在信息社会,技术和经济的竞争首先表现为情报信息的竞争,谁能迅速准确地获得信息,谁就能在竞争中成为强者。
●Presents a coupling neutral network calculation model based on Unit BP-neutral
network and studies its application in underground rock mass stability evaluation system.An example shows that coupling neutral calculation of underground rock mass stability is advanced and practical in engineering.
给出了一个基本BP神经网络拓扑而成的偶合神经计算模型,对其在底下工程岩体稳定性的评价系统中的应用进行了研究。结果表明:偶合神经计算底下工程岩体稳定性评价系统有较好的实用性和先进性。
汉译英
●本文提出了一种新的计算机辅助设计方法。
A new computer-aided design method is presented(in this paper).
●本文建立了柔轮原始曲线的数学模型。
The expressions of the original curve of the flexspline are derived in this paper.
●本文主要研究平面机构的可动性。
This paper principally studies the movability of plane components.
●本文认为,这一定义具有重要意义。
This definition is of great significance.
●本文所讲的内容对通讯工程师来说是很感兴趣的。
What this paper describes is of great interest to communications engineers.
●本文对提高打印速度的印字质量提供了一种机辅设计手段。
This paper presents a CAD method for increasing the printing speed and improving the printing quality.
●本文强调指出了光强随圆柱直径变化的正弦规律。
The sine law of the variation of the light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.
●本文介绍了在IBM—PC机上开发的一种功能卡,将它直接插入主机的I/O扩
展槽就可在CRT上直接显示出转速、扭矩的瞬时值及转动方向。
In this paper a functional car is presented for IBM-PC.If the car is plugged in the I/O extension slot of the mainframe or extension bus of PC,the instantaneous value of torque,turn speed and turn direction can be viewed directly on CRT.
●本工艺具有造型速度快、生产效率高、工艺性能优良等优点,引起世界铸造工作者
的关注。
This technology has the advantages of great moulding speed,high production efficiency and fine technological performances.Therefore,it has been taken notice of by foundry businesses all over the world.
●本文扼要地叙述了用来制造单块电路的各种工艺及其优缺点。
The various processes which may be used in fabricating a monolithic circuit are briefly reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of each process are enumerated.
●本文对去污工艺的化学、物理过程进行了理论分析,认为氧化去污机理是6种化学
反应的联合进行,还提出了去污剂选择的理论依据。
The author of this paper has analyzed theoretically the chemical and physical process of decontamination.The author holds that mechanism of decontamination consists in combination of six chemical reactors.The scientific basis for selecting decontaminants are proposed as well in this paper.
●本文比较了STM和ATM。结果表明ATM是BISDN的基础。
A comparison between STM and ATM shows that ATM will be the basis of BISDN.
●本文提出了解决这一问题的新方法。这种方法简单而又切实可行。
A new method for solving this problem is resented,which is simple and practicable.
推进义务教育均衡发展，/加快课程体系改革和招生考试制度改革，切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担，/不断加强教师队伍、特别是郊区中小学教师队伍建设，提高基础教育整体水平。To improve the overall quality of basic education,we will take various measures,such as promoting the balanced development of compulsory education,accelerating reforms of curricula and entrance examinations,reducing the excessive workloads primary and secondary school students face,as well as improving the skills of teachers,especially those in primary and secondary schools in ex-urban areas.
全市社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院进行了标准化建设，一大批公立医院得到了改建和扩建，/公共卫生应急处置和医疗服务能力明显增强。
We upgraded community health service centers and town/township clinics to meet defined standards,/renovated and expanded a large number of public hospitals,/and improved our capacity to handle public health emergencies and deliver health care.
保持速度与结构、质量、效益相统一
maintain momentum while pursuing structural optimization,quality and efficiency at the same time。
完善新型农村合作医疗制度，加大政府投入力度，建立逐年递增的筹资机制，/进一步提高农民医疗保障水平。
The government is committed to providing better health care to farmers by refining the rural cooperative medical system and increasing its inputs through a funding mechanism allowing for annual increments.
健全法律法规、强化技术支撑、加强政策引导、明确管理职责、广泛宣传教育，/切实抓好节地节能节水节材，提高资源综合利用效率。
In order to attain tangible results in the conservation of land,energy,water and raw materials and enhance the efficiency of resource utilization,/we must improve relevant laws and regulations,…and launch an extensive public awareness campaign.
推进工业、交通、建筑和民用节能，/对消耗高、污染重、技术落后的工艺和产品实施强制性淘汰制度，//新建建筑严格实施节能50%的设计标准，强化能源需求侧管理。//加强风能、太阳能等新能源开发利用。
Besides developing alternative energy sources…,we must implement demand-side management to reduce energy consumption for...Measures in this regard must include phasing out…and enforcing green design standards…
落实《上海实施科教兴市战略行动纲要》，//科技创新力度明显加大，创新环境进一步优化。
We implemented Shanghai’s Plan of Action for Revitalizing the City through Science and Education,bolstering the innovation environment and making local technological innovation significantly more dynamic.
错误和挫折教训了我们，使我们比较地聪明起来了，我们的事情就办得比较好一些Taught by mistakes and setbacks,we have become wiser and handle our affairs better.
以企业为主导,以项目为载体,/以产业化导向,加强政策引导,/推动产学研紧密结合。
We must use stronger policy incentives to encourage enterprises to take the lead in engaging universities and the research community in collaborative research projects,so as to bring research results to the market faster.
（产业布局进一步优化，）中心城区服务业规模不断扩大，2005年第三产业增加值比重预计达到75%；//郊区先进制造业集聚发展。
On the one hand,the city proper has seen its service sector grow in size,now accounting for 75%of its economic growth.On the other hand,Shanghai’s ex-urban areas are attracting and spawning more and more manufacturing businesses.
消费需求逐步扩大，投资和出口结构继续优化，/保持了投资、消费、出口共同拉动经济增长的格局。
Consumption demand has been growing steadily and the structure of investment and exports is becoming more and more optimal,/contributing in turn to balanced economic growth driven by investment,consumption and exports.
信息产品制造业要强化研发设计，进一步完善产业链，//加快发展集成电路、新型元器件、新一代移动通信等重点产业。
In the area of ICT product manufacturing,our challenge is to enhance R&D and design capacities,and build up competencies across the whole value chain,focusing particularly on such key industries as integrated circuits,new generation components and next-generation mobile telecommunications systems.
加强大气污染治理，以实施燃煤电厂烟气脱硫为重点，有效控制煤烟型污染、扬尘污染、机动车尾气污染。
…taking effective measures to control sources of air pollution such as coal combustion,dust and vehicle exhausts.
依托国际航运中心建设，促进国际中转物流发展，加快临港、外高桥、浦东空港、西北综合物流园区等重要物流基地建设……
With regard to the modern logistics industry,we must increase international transshipment volumes through Shanghai by…,speed up the development of our key logistics bases…
坚持需要与可能相结合，/积极主动，分类逐步解决城镇职工老年遗属、无保障高龄老人的医疗和生活保障问题，/以及未成年人等群体的医疗保障问题。
We must prioritize among the social security problems faced by different social groups.
Where provision is necessary and possible,we will work actively to provide better health care and living allowances to senior family dependants of deceased urban employees and to elderly persons not covered by the social security system,as well as health care for minors.
二、三产业共同推动经济发展的格局进一步巩固，现代服务业快速发展，先进制造业能级不断提升。
The tertiary and secondary industries are gaining more weight in the overall economy;/ the modern service industry is developing rapidly and the advanced manufacturing industry is continually scaling new heights.
5.本文通过实验的方法对中温辐射条件下受体温度的测量
This paper,under the media temperature of thermal radiation,an actual substance temperature was measured experimentally.
6.利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波尔茨曼定律通过和黑体黑度的比较将实际物体的黑度计算出来
Comparison of the blackbody and actual substance shows the emittance,which is based on conservation of energy and Stefan-Boltzmann law
7.从而得出中温辐射时物体的黑度是随温度的升高而增大的规律
The result was obtained that the emittance of actual substance increases with increasing temperature.
8.并对实验进行模拟，得出了实际物体在中温条件下的函数关系，并粗略的对误差进行分析和改进。
With experimental simulation,the studies showed that the emittance is the function of temperature.And the experimental error and improvement method was analyzed also。9.六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威和静坐，他们的勇敢行动迫使南方各州执行联邦政府关于在学校和公共场所所废除种族隔离的法律，从而结束了公然歧视黑人的时代。
The era of blatant discrimination ended in the1960s through the courageous actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful marches and sit-ins,to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation laws in schools and public accommodation.
10.席间，一位年轻的女士和一位上校激烈地争论开了。女士认为，妇女进步了，不再是过去那种一见老鼠就吓得跳起来的妇女了。而上校认为妇女并没有多大的改变。
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a colonel who says that they haven’t.
11.当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇地接受你捉上来的任何东西的时候，如果你懂得什么叫美的话，时间是过得很快的。
Times goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty,when there are pretty children in a pool and young Diana on the edge,to receive with wonder any thing you can catch!
12.这位与45年教龄的老教师说，由于他未能发表足够数量的科研论文，去年没有给他提职、加薪。
The45-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay raise last year because he hadn’t published a sufficient number of research papers.
13.白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1500多名乘客遇难。此后关于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。The saga of the White Star liner Titanic,which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in1912,carrying more than1500passengers to their deaths,has been celebrated in print and on film,in poetry and song.
翻译工作坊（Translation Workshop）
(1)His new book hits off the American temperament with amazing insight.
(2)Anger bereft him of words.
(3)His bonhomie often brought him many friends.
(4)A strange peace came over her when she was alone.
(5)Alarm began to take entire possession of him.
(6)His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.
(7)His triumph was complete.
(8)It was a difficult time for them.
(9)It was necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
(10)It appears that you are right.
三、摘要
1、适当的咖啡(每天两杯以下)对各类心脏病人无显著影响(从诊断有高血压到动过心脏手术的)。但，超过两杯则影响逐渐严重。对最近动过心脏手术的病人影响最明显。实行降压治疗的病人，超过两杯可能抵消降压作用。诊断有高血压(包括有很高的血压与胸痛)的病人超过两杯，在三小时内血压升高。总之，超过两杯这个临界点，每一杯的咖啡影响显著增加。
Caffeine in moderate amount(no more than two cups of caffeine per day),has no significant impact on patients with heart problems(ranging from those with diagnosed hypertension to those had actual heart surgery).Beyond two cups,however,the impact becomes increasingly severe.Patients with recent heart surgery showed the most effects,including very high blood pressure and chest pains.Patients on blood pressure medication could cancel the effects of medication by drinking more than two cups of coffee.Patients with diagnosed hypertension showed elevated blood pressure for up to three hours after drinking over two cups of coffee.In conclusion,the effects of caffeine increased substantially with every cup of coffee beyond the two-cup threshold.
2、本文通过实验的方法对中温辐射条件下受体温度的测量，利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波尔茨曼定律通过和黑体黑度的比较将实际物体的黑度计算出来，从而得出中温辐射时物体的黑度是随温度的升高而增大的规律，并对实验进行模拟，得出了实际物体在中温条件下的函数关系，并粗略的对误差进行分析和改进。
This article through the experimental method to the warm radiation condition ended the accepted temperature determination.Defends the horizontal equation as well as SiDiFen-Boerziman;using the energy,the Boltzmann law through calculates with the black body blackness comparison actual object blackness.When obtains the warm radiation object blackness is a rule which increases along with the temperature ascension.And to tested carries on has drawn up and has obtained the actual object and at the beginning of slightly carries on the analysis under warm condition function to the error,the appraisal and same improvements.
3、Management and application of process planning resource database in CAPP
Abstract:A structure of an integrated CAPP system is presented.The functional model of process planning resource management in CAPP is built up,and the integrated data management of process resource database and its application in CAPP are achieved.
CAPP中工艺资源数据库的管理与应用
提出一个集成化CAPP系统的总体结构，建立CAPP中工艺资源管理模块的功能模型，实现工艺资源数据库在CAPP中的集成管理和应用。
4、Studies on dynamics of the clutch optimizing engaged–schedule of bus AMT
Abstract:The process of the clutch engagement when starting the automobile is introduced.The influencing factors of clutch engagement are discussed.The regular model of clutch engagement and the five–freedom dynamics model of the tow wheels of the bus are established.
The restriction equations of the clutch engagement are developed.Finally,the optimized AMT clutch engagement for buses is presented in this paper.
大客车AMT的离合器最佳接合规律动力学研究
分析了汽车起步时离合器的接合过程，讨论了影响离合器接合的因素，建立了离合器接合规律及大客车两轮5自由度纵向动力学模型.
导出了离合器整个接合过程的约束方程。进而给出适用于大客车AMT离合器的最佳接合规律。
5、Studies on dynamics of the clutch optimizing engaged–schedule of bus AMT
Abstract:The process of the clutch engagement when starting the automobile is introduced.The influencing factors of clutch engagement are discussed.The regular model of clutch engagement and the five–freedom dynamics model of the tow wheels of the bus are established.
The restriction equations of the clutch engagement are developed.Finally,the optimized AMT clutch engagement for buses is presented in this paper.
大客车AMT的离合器最佳接合规律动力学研究
分析了汽车起步时离合器的接合过程，讨论了影响离合器接合的因素，建立了离合器接合规律及大客车两轮5自由度纵向动力学模型.
导出了离合器整个接合过程的约束方程。进而给出适用于大客车AMT离合器的最佳接合规律。
6、Engineering Development Studies for Integrated Evacuated CPC Array:Interim Technical
Progress Report
Abstract:An improvement in optical efficiency over contemporary external reflector evacuated tube collectors was achieved by integrating the reflectors surface into the outer glass envelope.The design,fabrication and testing results are described for a prototype collector based on this concept.Efficiencies above40%up to300℃are achieved.A comprehensive testing program to measure performance and operational characteristics of a2m2panel(45tubes)is being carried out.
通过把反射器表面与外玻璃封壳相结合，实现了目前的外部反射器抽空管集热器
光效率的改善。本文描述了基于这一概念的一台集热器样机的设计、制作和测试结果。所达到的效率高于40%，温度达到300℃。目前正在进行一项2m2集热板(安装45只管子)的性能和工作特性的综合测试计划。
7、针对当前在实际中使用的加热炉和轧机的匹配制度存在的缺陷,提出一种基于钢坯期望出炉温度的推钢速率控制策略和基于斜坡函数的待轧控制策略,从而优化了加热炉和轧机的匹配制度,工业试验证明了这种匹配制度的合理性、简单性和易行性。
Abstract:For defects in matching rules of re-heating furnace with rolling mill,this paper proposed a push rate control strategy based on the target drop-out temperature and rolling delay control strategy based on temperature ramping rate,thus matching of reheating furnace with rolling mill is optimized.The proposed matching rules are feasible,simple and easy to be implemented.
最后一个
摘要：智能电网需要全景的状态数据。电网运行、检修和管理过程中会产生海量异构、多态的数据，也即大数据。如何对它们进行高效、可靠、低廉地存储，并快速访问和分析，是当前重要的研究课题。文章首先分析了发电、输变电以及用电各个环节中大数据的产生来源和特点；其后，综述了目前在商业、互联网和工业监测领域已有的大数据处理技术，并详细分析这些技术在应对智能电网建设和大数据处理方面的优势和不足。最后，从大数据存储、实时数据处理、异构多数据源融合以及大数据可视化4个方面论述了智能电网大数据带来的机遇和挑战。
ABSTRACT:Smart grid operation needs panoramic state data,and during the operation,maint enance and management of smart grid massive heterogeneous and multi-state data,namely the bi g data,are generated.At present,how to store the big data efficiently,reliably and cheaply and ac cess and analyze them rapidly are important research topics.Firstly,the source of the big data ge nerated in various process of smart grid,such as power generation,transmission,transformation and power utilization,and the features of the big data are analyzed;secondly,the existing big dat a processing techniques adopted in the fields of business,Internet and industrial monitoring are s ummarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in coping with the constru ction of smart grid and big data processing are analyzed in detail;finally,in aspects of big data st orage,real-time data processing,fusion of heterogeneous multi-data sources and visualization of big data,the chance and challenge brought by smart grid big data are expounded
稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素
究竟稀土国际市场定价是否公平合理，原材料产品的价值是否被低估，国际价格是否能够足额补偿稀土供给方生产稀土耗费的所有成本，并使其获得合理利润，都是亟待研究的问题。本论文在这样的大背景之下，以提炼创新的非可再生资源国际贸易公平价格机制理论为基础，探索稀土国际贸易公平价格机制，建立稀土产品的内在价值公平补偿体系，测算稀土影子价格判定稀土产品内在价值补偿的公平程度；分析国际交易主体间的交易势力公平的影响因素，并采用随市场定价模型测定交易势力的公平程度，并提出一些促进稀土国际贸易价格形成于公平价格区间的政策建议。论文的核心观点为：稀土国际贸易交易平台制度公平基础上的内在价值补偿、交易势力公平（包括产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力的公平）是稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素。
关键词：稀土国际贸易公平价格机制价值补偿交易势力公平测度
All the following problems need to be studied,including:is RE international market pricing is fair and reasonable?Is the value of RE raw materials undervalued?Is the current RE price enough to compensate the producers’cost and appropriate profit?
This paper aim to study the fair pricing mechanism,establish an intrinsic and fair value compensation system and estimate the shadow price to determine the compensation fairness for the intrinsic rare earth value based on the innovative international trade fair pricing mechanism theory for non-renewable resources.This paper analyzes the factors affecting trade forces fairness between international RE buyers and sellers.Some policy suggestions are put forward to encourage RE international price fluctuates within the fair price range.The core opinion of this paper is:the major deciding factors for RE international trade fair pricing mechanism are intrinsic value compensation and trade forces fairness(including fairness of Industry trade forces and national policy transactions forces)based on the fairness of the RE international trading platform system.
稀土行业整合的背景、问题及策略
摘要：在如何促进稀土行业持续健康发展的探索中，社会各界对“用整合方式使稀土行业形成高度集中的少数大企业集团”抱有极高的期望，然而现实中的稀土行业整合却步履艰难.文章运用垄断竞争及企业并购相关理论，通过对稀土行业整合的背景梳理，进一步明确整合要达到的具体目的；通过对稀土行业整合的历程分析，找到稀土行业整合中，在整合主导、整合环节、整合手段和整合模式等方面存在的深层次问题.在此基础上，提出“由企业主导整合、充分考虑利益平衡、在稀土产业链的应用和分离环节率先整合、为稀土开采环节整合创造条件”等加快稀土行业整合的策略.
关键词：稀土；稀土产业链；行业整合；兼并重组；整合环节；整合模式
Background,Problems and Strategies for Rare Earth Industry Integration
Abstract:People have high expectations in the sustainable development of China’s rare earth industry by founding some competitive and large-scaled rare earth companies out of merger. However,the reality of rare earth industry integration is not promising.This paper surveys the integration background of rare earth industry for clarifying the specific integration purpose applying related theories of monopolistic competition and corporate mergers.Some underlying problems in the rare earth industry integration in the fields of integration dominance,integrated links,integration methods and integrated mode are discussed based on analyzing rare earth industry integration process.We then suggest the industry integration strategy,that is,“corporate-led,full consideration to the interests of all parties concerned,integration in the application and separation stages of the industry chain,and creating conditions for the integration of rare earth mining areas”.
从环境保证金到环境税—稀土贸易可持续发展之路
摘要：首先指出目前稀土贸易所存在的困境，即没有国际定价权贱卖资源和限制出口引发贸易争端的两难选择；接着分析了目前中国对稀土的税费征收现状和存在的问题，指出征收环境税是解决稀土出口两难选择的有效方法；然后从税目，纳税人，课征对象和课征环节，计税依据，税率以及环境税的国际协调等方面对环境税进行了整体的税制设计；最后提出环境保证金的概念，建议在环境税正式实施之前，对稀土等矿产资源征收环境保证金，以此作为过渡措施来达到相似的效果.
关键词：环境税；环境保障金；稀土贸易；可持续发展
Sustainable development of rare earth trade:From environmental security deposit to environmental tax
Abstract:This paper points out the dilemma of rare earth trade,that is,exporting rare earth at unreasonable low prices or limiting rare earth export quotas resulting in forthcoming trade disputes.Environmental tax is an effective solution to the dilemma upon analyzing the current taxation policy on China’s rare earth industry.The overall environmental taxation system is planned on the aspects of taxation categories,taxpayer,taxation object,taxation steps,tax basis, tariff and international coordination.Environment security deposit collection on mineral resources such as rare earth can be used as transitional measure before the official practice of environment tax.
2020年最新电大《管理英语3》形成性考试题库(题目和答案)
2020 年最新电大《管理英语3》形成性考试题库 1.［单选题］交际用语:-I'm dog tired. I can't walk any further, Tommy. - Jenny. You can do it. A.No problem https://www.360docs.net/doc/253471528.html,e on C.No hurry 2.［单选题］交际用语: - I wish you success in your career. A.Go ahead B.It doesn't matter C.The same to you 3.［单选题］交际用语: -Sorry, I made a mistake again. - . Practice more and you'll succeed. B.Certainly not. C.Don't mention it. 4.［单选题］交际用语: -Would you like some more beer? - , please. A.Just a little B.No more C.I've had enough 5. ［单选题］交际用语: - Could I help you with your heavy box? You look so tired. .I can manage it. （2分） A. Yes, please. B. AlI right. C. No, thanks. 6.［单选题］词汇与结构: The machine this morning for no reason. （2 分） A.broke off B.broke down C.broke up 7.［单选题］词汇与结构: A number of boys _ absent some time during the term. （2 分） A.have been B.has been C.will 8.［单选题］词汇与结构: Our new school building is construction. （2 分） A.under
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
西南交通大学研究生科技英语翻译期末复习题
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