中国地质大学(北京)考博英语答题技巧与方法
考博英语阅读十大解题思路
考博英语阅读十大解题思路一、细节题1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。
2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文：1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话，重要的不是上下文，而是句子本身。
2、步骤：1)重点是返回原文，对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
正确(不能推)理解句子的深刻含义。
2)若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
3)一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他短语表达。
3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志：best title， main idea， main problem，conclusion，mainly disguss， mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth, a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法：1)段落少，用串线法。
2)快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出提纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、标志：题干中出现attitude ，believe ，consider， deam，regard，deem2、作者态度可以分为三大类：1)正态度：支持，乐观，赞同2)客观、中立、公正3)反对、批评、怀疑3、等价选项都不选4、有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)5、识别作者态度：方法一：可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断。
解析考博英语面试中的常见问题和答案
解析考博英语面试中的常见问题和答案考博英语面试是考博流程中非常重要的一环，主要考查考生的英语听说能力、专业知识和综合素质。
在面试中，考生需要回答面试官提出的问题。
本文档将为您解析考博英语面试中的常见问题及答案，帮助您做好面试准备。
1. 自我介绍面试官通常会让考生先进行一段自我介绍，主要介绍自己的基本情况、研究兴趣和未来规划等。
在回答时，要注意简洁明了，突出重点。
示例问题：Please introduce yourself briefly.答案示例：2. 专业知识和研究兴趣面试官会针对考生的研究方向和专业知识进行提问，了解考生的学术背景和能力。
在回答时，要条理清晰，简洁明了，展示出自己的专业素养。
示例问题：Could you please tell us about your research project during your Master's studies?答案示例：3. 英语听说能力考博英语面试中，面试官会通过英语提问，考查考生的英语听说能力。
在回答时，要注意语音清晰，语速适中，表达准确。
示例问题：Can you please explain what is the significance of your research?答案示例：4. 综合素质面试官还会提问一些与学术无关的问题，以了解考生的综合素质和能力。
在回答时，要展示出自己的热情、诚信、团队协作能力等。
示例问题：Tell us about a challenging situation you have faced and how you handled it.答案示例：以上就是考博英语面试中常见的问题及答案解析。
希望这份文档能帮助您在面试中取得好成绩。
祝您考试顺利！。
考博英语阅读理解解题对策及技巧
考博英语阅读理解解题对策及技巧阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：(1)掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
(2)既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
(3)既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。
(4)能理解某句、某段的意义，并能把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。
(5)能根据材料所提供的信息，结合应有的常识正确判断生词和短语的含义。
(一)阅读理解题的命题依据及趋势阅读理解题主要考查考生获取准确信息的能力。
考查方式包括两大类：一类为客观理解题，即理解文章中叙述的具体事实和抽象概念；另一类为主观理解题，即通过阅读文章，对文章的主旨和深层的意义、作者的意图和态度以及整篇文章的逻辑关系有更深入的理解，并据此进行推理和判断。
根据对近几年阅读理解试卷的分析，可推测未来该题型仍会保持其命题的基本原则，在选择文段方面会涉及更多交际功能强、实用性强的应用文、说明文等，涉及人文、社会、历史、科学、政经等多领域的题材。
题目设计会进一步向较深层次发展，需要考生有足够的'词汇储备量和丰富的相关知识积累。
综合归纳、推理判断以及细节转换理解题会更加突出。
在解题中，可将题型进行分类，还应明确命题立意，如：(1)注意篇章结构组织的分析理解题的立意。
(2)注意词语转换理解题的立意。
(3)注意细节理解题中转换理解的立意。
题目设计上无一道题可直接"对号入座"，均要通过词义语意进行转换理解，需找到与之对应的相近意义的词和句，有时要进行快速计算或归纳。
(4)注意判断推理题的立意。
一般可分事实判断推理题和识别语气心态题两种。
(5)注意主旨理解的立意。
考生在解答此类题目时，应仔细寻找文中的关键句(二)阅读理解题的解题对策及技巧根据历年的试卷命题特点，英语篇章阅读理解题对考生提出了如下的能力要求：(1)丰富的英语词语知识和巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识。
中国地质大学考博英语真题常见疑难句解析
中国地质大学考博英语真题常见疑难句解析考博英语中的长难句也是很多考生头疼的问题，一遇到长难句就会觉得脑袋一蒙，越看越迷糊。
其实，长难句的攻克是有技巧的，长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为逆序法、顺序法、分译法、综合法等。
下面，就为2015年的广大考生详细的分析一下这四种方法的运用。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。
这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。
三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。
例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。
博士英语考试技巧
博士英语考试技巧
1. 提前准备：提前了解考试内容和考试形式，制定合理的学习计划，并按照计划进行系统的复习。
2. 提高阅读能力：博士英语考试中阅读理解占据了很大的比重，因此需要考生提高阅读能力。
可以通过多读英文文献、英文报纸杂志等方式来提高阅读能力。
3. 多做模拟题：做模拟题可以帮助考生了解考试形式和题型，提高应试能力和答题速度。
4. 注意听力技巧：博士英语考试中听力部分也很重要，需要考生注意听力技巧。
可以通过多听英语广播、看英语电影等方式来提高听力水平。
5. 注意语法和词汇：博士英语考试中语法和词汇也是考察的重点，需要考生注意语法和词汇的学习和积累。
6. 注意写作技巧：博士英语考试中写作部分也很重要，需要考生注意写作技巧。
可以通过多写英文文章、参加英语写作课程等方式来提高写作水平。
7. 注意时间管理：博士英语考试时间紧张，需要考生注意时间管理。
可以通过做模拟题来提高答题速度和时间管理能力。
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完整版2022年考博英语阅读理解题型解题技巧2022
完整版2022年考博英语阅读理解题型解题技巧2022 2022年考博英语阅读理解题型解题技巧【九篇】本文2022年考博英语阅读理解题型解题技巧【九篇】，仅供导读：参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
【第一篇：例证题】1、例证题的标记。
当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。
2、返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。
3、搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。
例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。
举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
4、找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
5、例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。
即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。
(╳)要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。
【第二篇：指代题】1、返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
2、向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开)始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远3、将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺4、将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出答案。
【第三篇：词汇题】“搜索代入”法1、返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方2、确定该词汇的词性3、从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适4、找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。
b.考博英语阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。
c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。
中国地质大学(北京)考博英语阅读解析
中国地质大学（北京）考博英语阅读解析Passage Nine（Holmes' Knowledge）His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system."You appear to be astonished, " Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose： A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.""But the Solar System！ " I protested.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) "What the deuce is it to me？" he interrupted impatiently.One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life, " and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusionswere as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer."From a drop of water, "said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. "This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.1. What is the author's attitude toward Holmes？[A]Praising.[B]Critical.[C]Ironical.[D]Distaste.2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes' uniqueness？[A]By deduction.[B]By explanation.[C]By contrast.[D]By analysis.3. What was the Holmes' idea about knowledge-learning？[A]Learning what every body learned.[B]Learning what was useful to you.[C]Learning whatever you came across.[D]Learning what was different to you.4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about？[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
中国地质大学考博英语应该怎样复习
中国地质大学考博英语应该怎样复习春暖花开，随着大地复苏，考博备考热潮也随之回暖。
有人说：考博就是一场战役，而英语考试就是这场战役中的关键一战，没有足够的词汇量，不可能学好英语。
那么，我们该如何高效复习呢?下面，我们指导老师为大家搜集词汇记忆误区，希望对大家有所帮助!需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
一、只背单词，不去用在考博英语复习过程中，有些同学即便是很努力的记忆英语单词，但也并未使这些同学的单词量有一个质的提高。
其主要原因在于有些同学孤立的记忆单词。
从语言学的角度来讲，孤立地背单词并不是正确的学习方法。
学生为了能在考试中取得良好的成绩，背单词很有必要，但不能孤立、反复地背，要给单词赋予一个理想的语境，让单词利用语言这一载体，在文章中呈现和应用。
教师可以要求学生通过例句或文章记忆单词，主要有两个作用：一方面可以帮助学生了解这个单词的正确用法;另一方面可以帮助学生了解正确使用这个单词的语境。
有了句子或文章这些载体，学生记忆单词就会变得有据可依，用起来也会得心应手。
许多学生一直有这样的感觉：单词背了一大堆，但是真正要用时却找不到合适的，写出来的文章翻来覆去就那么一点词汇，其主要原因是学生对一些单词不会灵活运用。
有些常用的描写性形容词，或者由形容词派生的副词，对写文章非常有帮助，教师应该要求学生多积累一些这方面的词汇。
此外，一些学生面临副词贫乏的问题，如表示很、非常的意思，学生只会用very。
实际上，有很多由形容词派生出来的副词，都可以很好地替代very。
以天冷为例，可以说It’s pretty cold.或者说It’s extremely cold。
这样的表达不仅让人赏心悦目，还可避免重复。
学习的目的，最终是为了运用。
如果记忆和应用的桥梁就中断了，辛苦的记忆不就是浪费精力吗?二、依赖中文释义，只知认词不知辨词许多学生习惯于看汉语背单词，背单词的过程就是把英文单词在脑海里翻成汉语的过程。
考博英语听力做题技巧
考博英语听力做题技巧考博英语听力部分是许多考生比较担心的地方，但通过掌握一些做题技巧，可以有效地提高听力部分的成绩。
以下是一些建议和技巧：1. 提前阅读选项：在播放录音前，抓紧时间阅读各个选项，理解问题的核心和要求。
通过对比选项，可以预测出题的内容和提问方式，这样在听录音时就可以更加集中注意力，提高答题的准确率。
2. 注意关键词：在听录音时，注意捕捉文中的关键词和主题句，尤其是转折词、总结词等。
这些词或句子往往能够提供重要的信息和线索，帮助你理解整个对话或篇章的中心思想。
3. 利用听力材料的开头和结尾：听力材料的开头和结尾部分通常会包含重要的信息和主题，注意听清主题句和总结句。
同时，开头和结尾部分也是出题的重点区域，需要特别留意。
4. 注意同义替换：在听力考试中，常见的陷阱之一是将原文中的词汇替换为同义词或短语。
因此，考生需要注意同义替换的情况，同时也要积累一些常见的同义词和短语。
5. 合理分配注意力：在听录音时，需要注意分配注意力，既要关注整体内容，也要注意细节部分。
对于不确定的题目，可以先暂时搁置，不要过分纠结，以免影响后续题目的作答。
6. 练习听力和口语：提高听力水平的关键是多听多练。
可以选择一些与考博英语水平相近的听力材料进行练习，如托福、雅思等。
同时，也可以通过口语练习来提高听力水平，因为口语和听力是相互关联的。
7. 注意答题顺序和时间分配：在答题时，建议按照题目的顺序逐一作答。
对于一些较为简单的题目，可以先作答；对于一些较难的题目，可以在听完整段录音后再作答。
同时，需要注意时间分配，不要因为时间不足而影响答题质量。
总之，提高考博英语听力水平需要多听多练，注意掌握一些做题技巧。
通过不断练习和积累经验，相信考生可以取得好成绩。
考博英语的复习经验
考博英语的复习经验关于考博英语的复习经验1、听力：水平差的同学至少要有3个月的准备时间。
听力要选用与考试水平一致的材料复习。
听的过程：一盘磁带听烂为止。
标准：能够听得懂内容，并且能够写下来所听到的内容。
这个阶段需要1－2个月，且每天需要2个小时左右，才可以达到此种听力的状态。
对于发音不太准确的同学，可跟读同水平的磁带。
跟读有两个阶段：第一阶段看着原文跟读；第二阶段完全跟读。
跟读熟练之后，还需要能够写下听到的内容任何一种语言都可以用以上方法提高听力水平，也可提高口语水平。
2、阅读理解：水平越高的英语考试，阅读部分的长难句就会增加。
所以解决长难句，阅读问题就迎刃而解。
同时，在阅读部分可以解决词汇问题。
在复习阶段做同水平考试的英语阅读题，必须清楚每个句子的句子结构和陌生的词（发音、词性）。
解决这些问题，冲刺阶段的复习和最后的考试奠定坚实的基础。
阅读部分越早着手越好。
实际上考博的同学都有一定的阅读水平，相对于考博，这是有针对性的方法3、完形填空：就目前国内考博的.完形填空，都是四选一的考试方式，所以这部分不难。
市面上买的练习册做做就可以应付考试了。
但是如果是open cloze，难度就大了。
要掌握篇章布局、句子结构（语法、时态）、同义词的掌握，重要的还要学会找相关信息。
想练习open cloze，看pets5的资料就可以4、写作：主要考查应用英语的能力，有基本的英语水平加上一本雅思写作，写作就不在话下了。
想取得写作高分，就要提前准备。
当然，写作是可以突击的。
考前参加一个四六级的写作辅导，再用一个月时间练习就可以了。
到了考博这个阶段，通常情况下，同学们的语法有一定的基础，考博的重点是词汇，有研究证明：一个单词需要8次记忆才可以记住，而且记忆的规律是先快后慢，应了有的同学的话，记的快也忘的快。
单词的记忆方法很多，关键在于要坚持。
中国地质大学考博英语模拟测试及其解析
中国地质大学考博英语模拟测试及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald's announced in1999that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn't meet its guidelines for care of chickens.Those guidelines included limiting the1of birds that could be kept in one 2and prohibiting beak removal,3trimming just the tips.Once McDonald's had4the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company's suppliers,many other giants of the fast-food Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi industry rapidly followed5,including Burger King,Taco Bell,Pizza Hut,Wendy's,A&W. and KFC.Now,the American Meat Institute has6welfare guidelines and audit7for cattle,pigs,and chickens.And the European Union, representing our foreign customers,is also8in with,among other things,legislation banning9use of crates to house pregnant sows, 10in2013.Questions about animal care11with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms,12spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as"factory parts".That spurred ARS and thelivestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal 13issues,making sure that guidelines are based on facts14through scientific research.The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its15guidelines.Ten years ago,to16these concerns,ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress.The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modern farming practices were 17stressing animals.And if so,could scientific methods be developed to measure this stress so that18could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively?A decade later,the19answer is"yes"to both questions.Many had expected the answer to be"no"on both counts,but science works independently20people's opinions.1.[A]amount[B]number[C]figure[D]sum2.[A]cage[B]cave[C]case[D]cart3.[A]but for[B]except for[C]aside from[D]away from4.[A]paved[B]changed[C]led[D]opened5.[A]suit[B]step[C]set[D]super6.[A]adapted[B]adopted[C]approved[D]accepted7.[A]booklets[B]pamphlets[C]brochures[D]checklists8.[A]measuring[B]weighing[C]considering[D]thinking9.[A]prolonged[B]proceeded[C]programmed[D]progressed10.[A]efficient[B]effective[C]effusive[D]elective11.[A]raised[B]rose[C]arose[D]posed12.[A]who[B]what[C]which[D]how13.[A]health[B]life[C]wealth[D]welfare14.[A]decided[B]determined[C]proved[D]tested15.[A]voluntary[B]revolutionary[C]preliminary[D]necessary16.[A]express[B]address[C]suppress[D]compress17.[A]unduly[B]unequally[C]unfortunately[D]unfavorably18.[A]performances[B]programs[C]problems[D]practices19.[A]sequential[B]initial[C]essential[D]financial20.[A]of[B]on[C]by[D]withSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points)Text1Commuter trains are often stuffy and crowded,and they frequently fail to run on time.As if that were not bad enough,Tsuyoshi Hondou, a physicist at Tohoku University in Japan,published a paper in2002 that gave commuters yet another reason to feel uncomfortable.Dr Hondou examined mobile phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages,buses and lifts,all of which are,in essence,metal boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together,all blathering,sending text messages,or browsing the web on their phones,could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards.That is because the radio waves produced by each phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage,bus or lift.Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with the network,but the rest bathes the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves.This sounds worrying.But maybe it isn't after all.In a paper published recently in Applied Physics Letters,Jaime Ferrer and Lucas Fernández Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain-along with colleagues from the Polytechnic University of Madrid and Telefónica Móviles,a Spanish mobile operator-dispute Dr Hondou's findings.They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all.The key addition to the new research is the effect of the passengers themselves.While each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car,the passengers absorb some of it,which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity,just as the presence of an audience changes the acoustics of a concert hall,making it less reverberant.Dr Hondou's model,in short,was valid only in the case of a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone on every seat.While Dr Hondou acknowledged this in his original paper,he did not specifically calculate the effect that leaving out the other passengers would have on the radiation level.As a result,say theauthors of the new paper,he significantly overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation.When one is sitting on a train,Dr Ferrer and his colleagues found,the most important sources of radiation are one's own phone,and those of one's immediate neighbours. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage.And all these sources together produce a level of radiation within the bounds defined by the ICNIRP,the international body that regulates such matters.21.According to paragraph1,the essential common characteristic of train carriages,buses,and lifts is that[A]they are all metal boxes.[B]they are often stuffy and overcrowded.[C]they all allow enough radiation to escape for mobile communications to take place.[D]people use their mobile phones in them.22.How could"levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards"be produced?[A]Mobile phones give off a lot of electromagnetic radiation.[B]Train carriages,buses,and lifts are not safe places to use mobile phones.[C]A lot of people could use their mobile phones in a confined space at the same time.[D]Blathering produces radio waves which bounce around the interior of these places.23.Why do the Spanish researchers dispute Dr.Hondou's theory?[A]Because they are funded by a mobile phone operator.[B]Because people absorb electromagnetic radiation.[C]Because electromagnetic radiation isn't dangerous at all.[D]Because Dr.Hondou assumed that every single person was using their mobile phone at exactly the same time.24.Dr.Hondou's research was not thorough enough because[A]he didn't have enough time to assess everything before his paper was published.[B]he didn't admit that the people in train carriages,buses, and lifts could influence the level of electromagnetic radiation.[C]he didn't investigate the effect of people on electromagnetic radiation levels.[D]Japan is a crowded country where people often use mobile phones,so he only looked at that specific situation.25.According to the Spanish researchers,which of the following statements is true?[A]The closer you are to a mobile phone,the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.[B]The closer you are to a mobile phone that is being used to send and receive signals,the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.[C]The amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected by metal is almost too small to be measured.[D]You shouldn't stand close to people who are using their mobile phones in train carriages,buses,and lifts.Text2Last year a high profile panel of experts known as the Copenhagen Consensus ranked the world's most pressing environmental,health and social problems in a prioritized list.Assembled by the Danish Environmental Assessment Institute under its then director,Bjorn Lomborg,the panel used cost benefit analysis to evaluate where a limited amount of money would do the most good.It concluded that the highest priority should go to immediate concerns with relatively well understood cures,such as control of malaria.Long-term challenges such as climate change,where the path forward and even the scope of the threat remain unclear,ranked lower.Usually each of these problems is treated in isolation,as though humanity had the luxury of dealing with its problems one by one.The Copenhagen Consensus used stat-o-the-art techniques to try to bring a broader perspective.In so doing,however,it revealed how the state of the art fails to grapple with a simple fact:the future is uncertain. Attempts to predict it have a checkered history-from declarations that humans would never fly,to the doom-and-gloom economic and environmental forecasts of the1970s,to claims that the"New Economy" would do away with economic ups and downs.Not surprisingly,those who make decisions tend to stay focused on the next fiscal quarter, the next year,the next election.Feeling unsure of their compass,they hug the familiar shore.This understandable response to an uncertain future means, however,that the nation's and the world's long term threats often get ignored altogether or are even made worse by shortsighted decisions.In everyday life,responsible people look out for the long term despite the needs of the here and now:we do homework,we save for retirement,we take out insurance.The same principles should surely apply to society as a whole.But how can leaders weigh the present against the future?How can they avoid being paralyzed by scientific uncertainty?In well-understood situations,science can reliably predict the implications of alternative policy choices.These predictions, combined with formal methods of decision analysis that use mathematical models and statistical methods to determine optimal courses of action,can specify the trade-offs that society must inevitably make.Corporate executives and elected officials may not always heed this advice,but they do so more often than a cynic might suppose.Analysis has done much to improve the quality of lawmaking, regulation and investment.National economic policy is one example. Concepts introduced by analysts in the1930s and1940s-unemployment rate,current account deficit and gross national product-are now commonplace.For the most part,governments have learned to avoid the radical boom-and-bust cycles that were common in the19th and early 20th centuries.26.The Copenhagen Consensus didn't believe that allocating a limited amount of money to climate change was a good idea because[A]nothing can be done about it in the immediate future.[B]there are too many competing approaches to solving it.[C]it is not a pressing issue.[D]the money would be better spent on immediate concerns.27.Paragraph2intends to demonstrate that[A]technology cannot solve all our problems.[B]predictions are usually inaccurate.[C]solving problems one-by-one is ineffective.[D]thinking short-term is often reasonable.28.According to the text,how could scientific uncertainty paralyze decision-making by world leaders?[A]By presenting many different solutions to problems.[B]By presenting short-term solutions and long-term ones.[C]By presenting solutions to problems that are not well understood.[D]By presenting solutions that are too technical for decision-makers to comprehend.29.According to the text,how have governments learned to avoid boom-and-bust economic cycles?[A]By using mathematical and statistical models prepared by experts.[B]By observing historical economic patterns.[C]By improving the quality of lawmaking.[D]By discussing the implications and effects of various policies.30.What are the"trade-offs"mentioned in the final paragraph?[A]Difficult decisions.[B]Things which have benefits in some ways and costs in others.[C]Key,costly decisions.[D]Things that promote economic prosperity.Text3Ingenious teenagers can find every manner of reason to take a pass on summer school:There's the two-week family vacation in the middle of the four-week session,not to mention the potential for a day job scooping ice cream-or the fear that they might bomb at cramming a semester's worth of work into a month.In the digital age,however, none is reason enough.The rapid spread of online learning at the secondary level-experts estimate that more than half of all school districts offer some virtual coursework,up from just30percent two years ago-is now creating"anywhere,anytime"flexibility for summer students,too.While the total numbers are still small,many hundreds of students around the country will be signing on in the next week or two for everything from U.S.history to human space exploration.In California,Graham Petersen,who just finished his junior year in Palo Alto,will study Algebra II through the online arm of Oregon's SalemKeizer school district while working as a teacher's assistant in a children's program."This is no shortcut-it's the full course.But you can work at11o'clock at night,"says Robert Currie,executive director of Michigan Virtual High School,whose courses,like most, are available nationally.Beyond convenience,there are instructional reasons to consider the virtual classroom.Those who have struggled in a course during the year often find that the online format makes it easier to master the content."Most students finish with A's and B's,because teachers don't let them go through with D's,"says Jan Bleek,principal of the Internet Academy,an arm of the Federal Way district near Seattle that is offering45summer courses at$180each."There's lots of revision, a lot of work that goes on in depth between teacher and student after work has been submitted."While grading policies vary,kids often are free to retake assessments or to work through several practice exams until they're ready to be tested."I got a B-the highest grade in math I've ever,ever gotten since sixth grade,"says Petersen,who took the first half of Salem Keizer's online Algebra II class this spring after failing the course first semester.Success depends largely on actually tackling the content,of course-and nobody(other than parents,perhaps)will be breathing down a student's neck.So it's important to be realistic about whether online study is a good fit with a teenager's learning style."The No. 1thing is,are you capable of working on your own?"says KathyArmstrong,an English teacher at Harris County High in Hamilton,Ga., who is also an instructor for Virtual High School.Since material is presented as text rather than by lecture,being a proficient reader is a must.31.According to the first paragraph,the reason why teenagers used to have an excuse for not taking academic summer courses is that[A]they had more important things to do.[B]they had other distractions and obligations.[C]society wasn't as competitive.[D]they were better at making excuses.32.Why is Graham Peterson studying online?[A]Because he is not up to the required standard in algebra.[B]Because he likes working at night.[C]Because he likes studying at night.[D]Because he wants to study and work.33.It can be inferred from the text that students usually get A's and B's because[A]studying online is better and more convenient for them.[B]the teachers are not as strict and give higher scores than at regular schools.[C]most of the students studying online are smarter than average.[D]the teaching and assessment process continues even after students have submitted their initial work.34.According to the text,how is studying online different toconventional study methods?[A]It's suitable for anyone.[B]It requires some different study skills.[C]Grading policies vary.[D]Students can take more practice tests before taking the real exam.35.The best title of the text might be[A]Learning via the internet is easy.[B]Learning via the internet is relaxing.[C]Learning via the internet can be convenient and instructive.[D]Summer school is easier than before.Text4The BBC,Britain's mammoth public-service broadcaster,has long been a cause for complaint among its competitors in television,radio and educational and magazine publishers.Newspapers,meanwhile,have been protected from it because they published in a different medium. That's no longer the case.The internet has brought the BBC and newspapers in direct competition-and the BBC looks like coming off best.The improbable success online of Britain's lumbering giant of a public-service broadcaster is largely down to John Birt,a former director-general who"got"the internet before any of the other big men of British media.He launched the corporation's online operations in1998,saying that the BBC would be a trusted guide for peoplebewildered by the variety of online services.The BBC now has525sites. It spends￡15m($27m)a year on its news website and another ￡51m on others ranging from society and culture to science, nature and entertainment.But behind the websites are the vast newsgathering and programme-making resources,including over5,000 journalists,funded by its annual￡2.8billion public subsidy.For this year's Chelsea Flower Show,for instance,the BBC's gardening micro-site made it possible to zoom around each competing garden,watch an interview with the designer and click on"leaf hotspots"about individual plants.For this year's election,the news website offered a wealth of easy-to-use statistical detail on constituencies,voting patterns and polls.This week the BBC announced free downloads of several Beethoven symphonies performed by one of its five in-house orchestras.That particularly annoys newspapers,whose online sites sometimes offer free music downloads-but they have to pay the music industry for them.It is the success of the BBC's news website that most troubles newspapers.Its audience has increased from1.6m unique weekly users in2000to7.8m in2005;and its content has a breadth and depth that newspapers struggle to match.Newspapers need to build up their online businesses because their offline businesses are flagging.Total newspaper readership has fallen by about30%since1990and readers are getting older as young people increasingly get their news from other sources-principally the internet.In1990,38%of newspaperreaders were under35.By2002,the figure had dropped to31%.Just this week,Dominic Lawson,the editor of the Sunday Telegraph,was sacked for failing to stem its decline.Some papers are having some success in building audiences online-the Guardian,which has by far the most successful newspaper site,gets nearly half as many weekly users as the BBC-but the problem is turning them into money.36.What does"John Birt…'got'the internet before any of the other big men of British media"mean?[A]John Birt was connected to the internet before his competitors.[B]John Birt launched the BBC website before his competitors launched theirs.[C]John Birt understood how the internet could be used by news media before his competitors did.[D]John Birt understood how the internet worked before his competitors did.37.Why does the text state that the BBC's success in the field of internet news was"improbable"?[A]Because the BBC is a large organisation.[B]Because the BBC is not a private company.[C]Because the BBC is not a successful media organisation.[D]Because the BBC doesn't make a profit.38.The author cites the examples in paragraph3in order to demonstrate that[A]the BBC's websites are innovative and comprehensive.[B]the BBC's websites are free and wide-ranging.[C]the BBC spends its money well.[D]the BBC uses modern technology.39.The BBC needn't to pay the music industry to provide classical music downloads for users of its websites because[A]the BBC is Britain's state-owned media organisation.[B]the BBC has a special copyright agreement with the big music industry companies.[C]the BBC produces classical music itself.[D]the BBC lets the music industry use its orchestras for free.40.According to the final paragraph,the main advantage that the BBC has over newspapers is that[A]more people use the BBC website.[B]the BBC doesn't need to make a profit.[C]the BBC has more competent managers.[D]young people are turning to the internet for news coverage. Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41——45,choose the most suitable one from the list A——G to fit into each of numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)From Southeast Asia to the Black Sea,fishing nets have become deathtraps for thousands of whales,dolphins and porpoises-species whose survival will be threatened unless fishing methods change.The World Wildlife Fund,a U.S.based environmental group,lists species threatened by accidental catch,and recommends low cost steps to reduce their entanglement in fishing gear.(41).Dolphins in the Philippines,India and Thailand are urgent priorities.Threatened populations include Irrawaddy dolphins in Malampyaya Sound off the Philippines'Palawan Island,about220miles south of Manila.Only77remain.Dolphins also face the threat of traders who sell them to aquariums,especially in Asia.(42).The WWF report said up to3,000Spinner dolphins may be caught each year in gillnets,which stretch from the sea floor to the surface and are hard for dolphins to see or detect with their sonar.(43).Dolphins are also under threat in Indonesia,Myanmar,India's Chilka Lake and Thailand's Songkhla Lake.Fishing gear kills thousands of porpoises each year in the Black Sea.Atlantic humpback dolphins face the same fate off the coasts of Ghana and Togo in Africa,as do Franciscana dolphins in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.Indo-Pacific humpback and bottlenose dolphinsoften die in nets off the south coast of Zanzibar.(44).U.S.fisheries in1993——2003introduced changes that reduced by a third the number of dolphins accidentally killed by fishing,or bycatch.But few other countries have followed that example and in much of the rest of the world,progress on bycatch mitigation has been slow to nonexistent.(45).Slight modifications in fishing gear can mean the difference between life and death for dolphins.[A]In the Pacific Ocean,bottlenose dolphins are found from northern Japan and California to Australia and Chile.They are also found offshore in the eastern tropical Pacific as far west as the Hawaiian islands.Off the California coast bottlenose dolphins have been observed as far north as Monterey,particularly during years of unusual warmth.[B]Researchers estimate that fishing gear kills about300,000 whales,dolphins and porpoises a year in the world's oceans.[C]If the mammals are trapped underwater in nets and can't get to the surface to breathe,they drown.[D]According to IWC reports,in the2003/2004season,Japan killed,under"special permit,"443minke whales in the Antarctic, and in the North Pacific,151minkes,50Bryde's whales,50sei whales, and10sperm whales.Japanese media have reported that Japan plansto expand its annual whale hunt to take two new species-humpback whales and fin whales-as well as nearly doubling its planned catch of minke whales.Both humpback and fin whales are on the World Conservation Union's Red List of Threatened Species.[E]Other threatened populations include Spinner and Fraser's dolphins in the Philippines'Sulu Sea.[F]Most of the animals are threatened by the widespread use of one type of fishing gear-gillnets.[G]These accidental deaths can be significantly reduced,often with very simple,low-cost solutions.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Hollywood and the music industry can file piracy lawsuits against technology companies caught encouraging customers to steal music and movies over the Internet.(46)The justices,aiming to curtail what they called a"staggering"volume of piracy online,largely set aside concerns that new lawsuits would inhibit technology companies from developing the next iPod or other high-tech gadgets or services.The unanimous ruling is expected to have little immediate impact on consumers,though critics said it could lead companies to include digital locks to discourage illegal behavior.The justices left in place legal protections for companies that merely learn customers might be using products for illegal purposes.(47)Copying digital files such as movies,music or software programs "threatens copyright holders as never before"because it's so easy and popular,especially among young people.Entertainment companies maintain that online thieves trade2.6billion songs,movies and other digital files each month.(48)The ruling represents a significant victory for Hollywood and record labels,which have resorted to suing individually the thousands of computer users caught sharing music and movies online. In a tweak at entertainment companies and a demonstration of legal purposes for file-sharing computer users circulated the court's published opinion over Internet file-sharing services. Government-produced documents generally are not protected by copyright.(49)Grokster Ltd.and Streamcast Networks Inc.,developers of leading Internet-file-sharing software,can be sued because they deliberately encouraged customers to download copyrighted files illegally so they could build a larger audience and sell more advertising.Writing for the court.(50)But the court also said a technology company couldn't be sued if it merely learns its customers are using its products for illegal purposes.That balancing test,the court said,is necessary so that it"does nothing to compromise legitimate commerce or discourageinnovation having a lawful promise."The court said it wanted to protect an inventor who must predict how consumers months or years in the future might use new technology.SectionⅢWriting51.Directions:Write an essay ranging from160-200words based on the picture provided.Your essay should:1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture;2)state whether you agree or disagree with the idea;and3)give an example which illustrates your opinion.Section I Use of English1.[答案]B number[考点]名词辨析，根据上下文选择合适的名词[解析]amount指不可数名词的"数量"，number指可数名词的"数目"，figure指一个"数字"，sum多指钱的"数量"。
中国地质大学考博英语必备翻译知识与方法
中国地质大学考博英语必备翻译知识与方法A)以that，what，who，where，whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。
如：It is important that science and technology be pushed forward asquickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术搞上去。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。
(主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出)B)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构，从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。
如：Whether the Government should increase the financing of purescience at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often dependson the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
(真题示范)。
C)分译法：把原来的状语从句从整体结构中分离出来，译成另一个相对独立得单句。
如：（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat tointernational security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。
(It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的宾语)。
考博英语怎么准备
考博英语怎么准备引言：考博英语是博士研究生入学考试的一项重要科目，对于考生来说，合理高效的备考方法和策略至关重要。
本文将从听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面，为考生详细介绍考博英语的备考方法和技巧。
一、听力：考博英语听力考试主要测试考生对英语听力材料的理解和应用能力。
为了在考试中取得好成绩，考生需要做到以下几点：1. 提前熟悉考试形式：了解考试的题型和要求，熟悉考试的时间安排和考试内容，有针对性地进行听力训练。
2. 多听多练：通过多听一些英语新闻、讲座、对话等各种材料，提升自己的听力水平。
同时，做大量的听力练习题，掌握各种常见的听力题型。
3. 做笔记：在听力材料播放时，考生可以运用快速记笔记的技巧，抓住重点信息。
这样不仅可以帮助记忆，还可以提高对听力内容的理解。
二、阅读：考博英语阅读考试主要考察考生的阅读理解和分析能力。
以下是备考阅读的几个建议：1. 提高阅读速度：考生应该积极提高阅读速度，在有限的时间内阅读更多的材料。
可以通过每天阅读英文文章或通过练习题进行提升。
2. 增加词汇量：扩大词汇量，可以帮助考生更好地理解阅读材料。
在备考过程中，考生可以利用各类单词记忆软件和阅读材料进行词汇积累。
3. 分析文章结构：学会分析文章的结构，包括主旨句和关键句，从而更好地理解文章的内容和逻辑关系。
三、写作：考博英语写作考试要求考生用英语完成一篇议论文或一篇综合写作。
以下是备考写作的几个技巧：1. 多练习写作：通过写作练习可以提高自己的写作能力和表达能力。
考生可以选择一些热门话题，进行写作练习，并请教英语专业背景的人士对自己的作文给予修改和建议。
2. 学会论证：写作作为一种表达观点的方式，考生需要学会进行合理的论证。
可以通过阅读大量的英文文章，了解不同观点和论证方法。
3. 提升语言表达能力：注意语法和词汇的正确使用，尽量丰富自己的表达方式。
可以通过背诵一些优秀的英文范文来提升自己的写作水平。
四、翻译：考博英语翻译考试要求考生在规定的时间内将一篇英文文章翻译成中文或将一篇中文文章翻译成英文。
博士英语面试常见问题一览及解答
博士英语面试常见问题一览及解答问题1: 请介绍一下你的研究领域和研究经历。
作为一个博士研究生，我的研究领域是法律学。
在我的研究经历中，我专注于探讨国际商法和知识产权法的相关议题。
我参与了多个研究项目，包括对知识产权保护的国际标准的分析和比较研究，以及对国际商事争议解决机制的探索和评估。
我也曾参与撰写了几篇学术论文，并在国际学术会议上做过口头报告。
问题2: 为什么你对这个研究领域感兴趣？我对法律学的这个研究领域感兴趣的原因是它与现实世界密切相关，并且具有巨大的影响力。
国际商法和知识产权法是全球经济和创新的重要组成部分，而这些领域中的法律规定和机制对于保护商业利益和促进创新至关重要。
我希望通过我的研究工作，能够为国际商业和知识产权的发展做出贡献。
问题3: 你在研究中使用了哪些方法和工具？在我的研究中，我使用了多种方法和工具。
首先，我进行了大量的文献研究，对相关领域的学术文章、法律文件和案例进行了系统的阅读和分析。
其次，我进行了实证研究，采用了问卷调查和访谈等方法，以了解实际情况和各方观点。
此外，我还使用了定量分析工具，如统计软件和数据分析模型，对研究数据进行统计和分析。
问题4: 你认为你的研究工作对社会有何意义？我认为我的研究工作对社会有很大的意义。
首先，国际商法和知识产权法的研究可以为国际贸易和商业活动提供法律保障，促进经济发展和合作。
其次，通过研究国际商事争议解决机制，我可以为国际商业争端的解决提供更有效和公正的方法。
最后，我也希望通过我的研究成果，为相关政策的制定和法律的改革提供参考和建议，以促进知识产权保护和国际商法的发展。
问题5: 你的研究工作中遇到过哪些困难和挑战？你是如何解决的？在我的研究工作中，我遇到了一些困难和挑战。
首先，研究领域的复杂性和迅速变化的法律环境使得研究过程更加复杂和困难。
为了解决这个问题，我通过持续研究和参与学术讨论来保持对最新发展的了解。
其次，数据收集和分析过程中的困难也是一个挑战。
中国地质大学(北京)考博英语阅读理解真题解析 (2)
中国地质大学（北京）考博英语阅读理解真题解析 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much， he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit， he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the same way， when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk，run， climb， whistle， ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people， and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself， let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him， or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out， with the help of other children if he wants it， what this word says， what answer is to that problem， whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) If it is a matter of right answers， as it may be in mathematics or science， give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades， exams， marks， Let us throw them all out， and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn， how to measure their own understanding， how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say， “But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?” Don't worry! If it is essential， they will go out into the world and learn it.1.What does the author think is the best way for children to learnthings?A.by copying what other people do.B.by making mistakes and having them corrected.C.by listening to explanations from skilled people.D.by asking a great many questions.2.What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?A.They give children correct answers.B.They point out children's mistakes to them.C.They allow children to mark their own work.D.They encourage children to mark to copy from one another.3.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ridea bicycle are___.A.not really important skills.B.more important than other skills.C.basically different from learning adult skills.D.basically the same as learning other skills.4.Exams，grades，and marks should be abolished because children's progress should only be estimated by___.cated persons.B.the children themselves.C.teachers.D.parents.5.The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___.A.too independent of others.B.too critical of themselves.C.incapable to think for themselves.D.incapable to use basic skills.答案：ABDBC本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语怎么复习简介考博英语是博士研究生招生考试中的重要组成部分，而在备战考博英语考试时，合理的复习方法和技巧将能帮助考生取得更好的成绩。
本文将介绍一些考博英语复习的方法和建议，希望能对考生们有所帮助。
理解考试内容在复习考博英语之前，首先需要对考试内容有一个清晰的理解。
通常，考博英语主要包括阅读理解、写作、翻译和词汇等方面的考查。
了解各部分考试题型和出题规律，有助于制定相应的复习计划和备考策略。
制定复习计划制定一个合理的复习计划是复习的关键。
考生可以根据自己的时间安排和实际情况，合理地分配每天的复习时间。
复习计划应包括熟悉题型、背诵单词、阅读练习、写作练习等内容，并根据自己的薄弱环节设置重点。
在计划每天的复习任务时，要确保有充足的时间进行模拟考试和查漏补缺。
阅读理解练习阅读理解是考博英语的重点之一，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力。
在复习阅读理解时，可以选择一些考博英语的历年真题进行练习。
通过分析和解答真题，了解题目的出题规律和解题技巧。
此外，阅读英文原著和相关学术论文也是提升阅读理解能力的有效途径。
写作练习写作是考博英语中的重要部分，需要考生具备良好的写作技巧和语言表达能力。
在复习写作时，可以选择一些常见的考题进行练习，并注意对比和分析不同题型的写作结构和要求。
此外，进行写作练习时，要注重语法和词汇的正确应用，同时也要锻炼自己的逻辑思维和写作节奏。
翻译练习翻译是考博英语的另一重要组成部分，需要考生具备准确的翻译能力和一定的文化背景知识。
在复习翻译时，可以选择一些常见的词汇和句型进行练习，并学习常用的翻译技巧。
同时，也可以阅读相关的英文材料，提高自己的英文表达能力和翻译水平。
单词记忆在考博英语的复习过程中，背诵和记忆单词是必不可少的一项任务。
考生可以根据考试大纲和历年真题，整理出重点单词，并采用有效的记忆方法进行记忆。
可以利用单词卡片、单词书籍、单词软件等工具，每天坚持一定的时间进行单词记忆和复习。
中国地质大学考博英语必备复习资料—育明考博
中国地质大学考博英语必备复习资料 II. Situation writing1. Story/ Report TypeParagraph 1 描述文字+得出结论It is quite obvious / apparent to all of us that the above story describes that 讲故事(2-3句慨述. From this story, we can easily arrive at such conclusion that _结论(参考提示语).Paragraph 2 根据主题分类展开或举例说明Undoubtedly, such case frequently occur in our daily life. A case in point is that _______. There is another example to illustrate this point. 例子 (也可根据主题分类， 参考前面的models 1-4) Paragraph 3作者的结论或评论Based on what has been illustrated above, we should have a correct attitude towards 主题 ――(解释主题)(如one’s life consists of lots of goals. )If we … , we will necessarily benefit a lot from it.2. Graph TypeParagraph 1 慨述图标+具体变化As can be seen clearly from the above graph, there has been an obvious tendency with respect to ______ (参考提示语) in the past ___years. According to the figures shown in the graph, the number of (private cars )…rose slightly from___ in ____to_____in _____. However, there was a sudden rapid decline in the number of ( private cars ) from … to…in______.Paragraph 2紧扣主题句，分析原因（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) Obviously, it is not difficult for us to come up with some possible factors that contribute to the above tendency. In the first place, …. In the second place, …. At last, ….Paragraph 3发表议论，提出建议或预测Based on what has been analyzed, we can say that the drawer intends not only to tell us the fact itself, but also set us thinking about _____. By the way, we may reasonably predict that, with the further development of reform and opening-up, the number of ______ will continue to grow steadily in the forthcoming decade.3. Cartoon TypeParagraph 1 描述漫画+得出结论Here is a vivid and lively cartoon which depicts ______(2-3句概述, Obviously, this picture conveys us a strong message that _______ Paragraph 2 根据主题分类展开或举例说明It is not difficult for us to come up with some possible factors that contribute to the above phenomenon if thinking carefully. To begin with, …. What’s more,…. At last,…Paragraph 3作者的结论或评论Based on what has been discussed, I personally believe that it is high time for us to adopt some effective measures to deal with such situation. On the one hand,… ; on the other hand,…. Only in these ways can we _____ ( prevent….from…;guarantee …; protect …from…; solve this matter effectively and successfully)III, 考生造句标准和原则必须符合下列句型原则1. 基本句型 (详见笔记---五大基本句型)2. 扩展句型 (详见笔记---三种扩展方式)3. 特殊句型 (详见笔记---十大特殊句型)英语写作句型训练示范1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语是中国博士研究生入学考试的一部分，主要测试考生的英语语言能力。
由于考博英语的复习内容较为广泛，我将从四个方面介绍考博英语的复习方法。
首先，掌握考试大纲。
考博英语的大纲包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。
了解考试大纲是复习的第一步，可以有针对性地准备相关的题型和内容。
其次，注重词汇和语法的积累。
考博英语对于词汇和语法的要求较高，因此，复习过程中要注重积累词汇和熟悉常用的语法结构。
可以通过背单词、做词汇题和语法练习来加强记忆和巩固掌握。
第三，多做题，多练习。
考博英语的真题和模拟题对于复习至关重要。
可以通过做题来熟悉考试的题型、提高解题能力和时间管理能力。
同时，还可以通过阅读英文报纸、杂志和文献等，提高阅读理解和写作能力。
最后，保持良好的复习方法和节奏。
复习要是持续进行的过程，需要制定合理的复习计划，并坚持执行。
可以将复习内容分成小部分，每天进行适量的复习，同时也要留出适当的时间来休息和放松。
保持健康的生活习惯和心理状态，有助于提高复习效果。
在复习考博英语的过程中，还可以参加英语角、听英语广播或者找一个英语环境进行沉浸式学习。
与其它考生一起学习、互相交流也是一个很好的复习方法。
总之，考博英语的复习需要耐心和恒心，要有规划和计
划地进行。
通过全面的复习，灵活运用各种复习方法，相信一定能够取得好的成绩。
中国地质大学考博英语真题常见语法及其解析
中国地质大学考博英语真题常见语法及其解析(一)the+形容词/分词形容词1.表示一类人或一类事物时，采用语法一致原则，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：In an odd way，however，it is the educated who have claimed to have given up an ambition as an ideal.(选自2000年Text5)分析：该句是复合句，同时又是一个强调句型。
其中the educated指受过教育的人，有教养的人。
译文：然而，令人奇怪的是，正是那些受过良好教育的人宣布他们已不再把抱负当做理想。
例句：As a nurse，she has a responsibility to attend to the sick，who have no homes，no relatives here.分析：该句是复合句，who have no homes，no relatives here是修饰the sick的定语从句。
译文：作为一名护士，她有责任和义务来照看那些医院里没有家也没有亲人的病人。
2.指抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：It is the true，the good and the beautiful that places a restriction on our behaviors.分析：该句是复合句，又是强调句型。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
译文：正是真善美对我们的言行起着约束作用。
3.the+某些个别分词形容词，如deceased，accused,不表一类人而是指个人，谓语动词用单数。
例句：The deceased killed in the traffic accident has been taken away from the spot，at the same time，the accused causing the accident has been taken to the court.分析：该句是并列句，其中分词killed和causing the accident在句中分别修饰the deceased(死者)与the accused(被指控者)。
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中国地质大学（北京)考博英语答题技巧与方法
一 主旨题：
主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。
如果放在第一个，则看完全文再做。
主旨题一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。
应注意看文章的第一段和每段首句进行总结。
正确解的特征：含有文章所涉及的中心词，简明扼要但概括全面。
切记：
(1)只反映文章某一细节或某一段落的选项一定不是解(2)如果文章用了大量的篇幅阐述一个问题或说明一个事物，只在最后用少量的文字提及了一些与前面所论相反的内容或其他与前面所论关系不很紧密的内容，文章的主旨不受后面的影响。
能概括文章主要阐述内容的为解。
二 态度题：
态度题 一般考作者的态度，有时也考文中某人的态度。
态度题最重要的是“看清楚是谁对谁的态度、谁对什么的态度”。
作者的态度一般会孕于文章的行文之中，一些形容词、副词都能表现作者的态度。
eg：seem 常表示作者对所论问题的否定、批评态度。
only也常表示否定态度。
双重否定表示作者的强烈肯定或强烈否定，所以，此时作者的态度便不太可能是objective(客观的)了，一般多掺进了作者自己的感情好恶。
有时作者也不直接表明态度，会通过举例或引用他人的话来说明自己的态度。
此时应注意：所引、举的例子与作者所论述的观点是否一致，可借此来判断作者自己的态度。
注：(1)当问作者其所论内容的态度时，如当备选答案中有indifferent(漠不关心的)时，可首先排除，因为如果作者是漠不关心的话，就不会写文章论述了。
(2)一些表态度的词汇
subjective 主观的objective 客观的
positive 肯定的 negative 否定的
optimistic 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的
biased 有偏见的partial 片面的、偏见的
impartial 公平的、无偏见的
puzzling 困惑的relevant 适当的、中肯的
apprecial 欣赏的indignant 愤怒的
supportive 支持的 apprehensive 担忧的
三 例证题：
例证题考察的是文章的逻辑结构。
这样的文章结构一般是“先举例后论点”或“先论点后举例”
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537)切记：遇到问“作者举xx例子的目的”时，有关例子本身的选项一定不是解。
正确解的特征：跳出例子本身，从宏观上概括，全面而合情合理。
但有的时候会专门考所引的话的意思，这样的题就属于例子本身题，可具体问题具体分析。
四 引证题：
引证题是指对关于于文章中作者引用别人的话或是名言，或是他人的观点等等而设置的问
题。
做此类题一定要注意看作者所引用的观点与作者自己的观点是否一致，如果一致，可从整篇文章的思路推理，如不一致，可从文章的反向考虑。
要点：返回原文，仔细比较
五 细节题：
细节题是每篇文章中最多的一种题型。
做此类题的要点是：返回原文，找准出处。
步骤：
1根据题干中的中心词定位原文段落，如选项中有内容超出此段落的可首先排除。
2选项中未含文章或该段落中心词的，首先排除。
3如果是 ”有无“or”是非“题的话，则依题支的中心词定位原文。
4定位原文后，仔细对照，如果选项可以在文章找到确切依据，则是解;如找不到，则非解。
正确选项的特征：一般不会与原文一模一样，通常是原文的”换个说法“1如文中是双重否定，解一般会以肯定形式出现;文中肯定，解是双重否定2换词法，把关键词换为其同义词或近义词。
(所换词多为n.、adj)3很多时候，正确选项为段落的主旨句或强转折、强对比之后的观点。
干扰项的特点：
1内容是原文中的信息，但与题目不符。
2符合常理，但文中未提及。
3含有原文原句中的单词，尤其是生词、难词，则必不是解。
4将文章中的非绝对的观点绝对划，非具体的内容具体化。
5偷梁换柱，张冠李戴
六 标题题：
标题题一般考的是对文章的概括能力。
正确解的特征：简明而全面地概括全篇内容，含有中心词只说明了文章某个或某几个段落的观点的，不是解。
七 体裁题(或出处题)
考察文章的体裁。
真题目前为止只出过三类体裁：preface 序言 newspaper 新闻 报刊 book view 书评八 段落主旨题：
若题目中直接指明了段落，问能从x段中得出.....结论、观点，则多考段落的主旨，这时应注意该段的中心句。
若段落中出现了强转折，则可能是解之所在。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。