The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
The Hundred Year's War 英法百年战争
The results and influence
• disastrous (economy ) poverty.
• Two separate nations were born after the war. The war helped to develop English national identity as well as French national identity.
Jeanne d'Arc
• militarist(军事家）saint(圣女） a symbol of freedom. • When she was just 17 years old,she led the army to fight against the invaders.Under her lead,France recaptured most of territoris,settling the base of final victory. • On 30th May,1431,Jeanne d‘Arc was bound to the stake and burnt to death,when she was just 19 years old.
Jeanne d'Arc
Jeanne was caught Before the punishment
The results and influence
(锁子甲） was replaced by
（板甲）
• Gunpowder (火药）and cannon(火炮）played significant roles as early as 1375. • The last battle of the war, was the first battle in European history in which artillery(大炮） was the deciding factor.
综合案例TermListTheHundredYearsWar百年战争（即是指英国和
综合案例TermListTheHundredYearsWar百年战争（即是指英国和综合案例Term ListThe Hundred Years’ War百年战争（即是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于1337年- 1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
）Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争（即英国兰开斯特王朝（House of Lancaster）和约克王朝(House of York)的支持者之间为了争夺英格兰王位的断续内战。
）The “Babylonian Captivity”“巴比伦之囚”（即公元前597～前538年期间，两度被新巴比伦王国国王尼布甲尼撒二世征服的犹太王国，大批民众、工匠、祭司和王室成员被掳往巴比伦，这些人称为巴比伦之囚。
）The Great Schism大分裂（意大利人对教廷迁往亚威农之事，非常不悦，他们欲使罗马再度变成为教皇宝座所在地。
结果于公元1378年，意大利与法国公开断绝关系，双方各选出一位教皇；于是出现了两位教皇，一位在罗马，一位在亚威农；这段时期(公元1378至1417年)被称为「大分裂」时期。
）Lollard罗拉德派（即中世纪晚期英格兰威克利夫的追随者。
这个贬称（源自中部丹麦，意思是「说话含糊不清的人」）更早用于被怀疑为异教徒的欧洲群体。
）Hussites胡斯派（即15世纪早期捷克宗教改革运动，因其发动者胡斯得名。
胡斯运动主要有两大派，塔波尔派，以及圣杯派。
胡斯运动的残余成员后来组成波希米亚弟兄会，成为一个长期活动的教派。
The Renaissance popes文艺复兴时期（文艺复兴是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起，以后扩展到西欧各国，于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动，带来一段科学与艺术革命时期，揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕，被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。
）Austria18世纪初，哈布斯堡王朝领土空前扩大。
1815年维也纳会议后成立了以奥为首的德意志邦联，1866年在普奥战争中失败，邦联解散。
英法百年战争英文PPT
The Europe in the eyes of the British
The Europe in the eyes of the Franch
map:
Battle of Agincourt, England aligned with Burgundy,invaded almost all the north of France 141 5 England attacked Orleans, France was in danger,French people fight aginst the invaters,It become a national liberation movement 142 0 Treaty of Troyes, France had become part oBritish Commonwealthf 142 8 142 9 Jeanne d'Arc appeared,lead the army ,got a lot of victories, Charlie VII crowned Jeanne d'Arc was betrayed ,under the plot of England,she was burnt to death.
St. George's Cross flag
England
35 30 25
20
France
食物 天然气 15
旅馆
10
5
0
一月
二月
三月
四月
五月
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king
Edward III
In 1337,he declared himself as the king of france,so Philippe VI determined to recover the whole territory of England in France,and the war began.
英法百年战争英文版介绍
Jeanne whment
Influnence
The victory of the war promoted the the unity of France and laid the foundation for the expansion in europe.at the same time ,the Nationalism of was built and imposed the policy of banlancing power on the European continent.then The Kingdom of England switched its focus to overseas and became the biggest empire in the world .
Thank you！
• Background
The source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领 主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人 的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因2.1
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因百年战争（Hundred Y ears' War）是指英国和法国，于1337-453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
英法两国的战争行动从1337年11月开始，到1338年才正式宣战。
以法王宣布没收爱德华在法国的领地，并出兵包围基恩为开始。
以1453年，英军被法国军民驱赶出去，只控制加莱港一地为结束。
要了解英法百年战争，就要首先了解西欧的封建制度。
在西欧封建制度下，西欧封建主之间普遍结成封君封臣关系。
封臣对封君承担义务，概括来说，分为三项：其一是效忠，不能做危害封君的事；其二是帮助，这是最主要、最重要的义务，包括为封君服兵役、提供协助金和物资；其三是劝告，有义务出席封君召集的会议，提出意见帮助封君，会议兼有封君法庭和封建议事会的性质，审理的案件主要是封臣之间或封臣与封君之间发生的纠纷。
封君对封臣也有义务，主要是保护和维持封臣，不得伤害后者的荣誉、财产和生命。
10世纪后，封土与封臣制紧密结合，封土的领有是世袭的，封臣死后，其子为继续领有封土需重新向封君行臣服礼，所以事实上，封君封臣关系是世袭的，这种关系一经缔结无论是封君还是封臣都不能随意解除。
其次，要了解英法两国的历史渊源。
911年时，西法兰克王查理三世将今法国诺曼底半岛一带封给诺曼人首领罗伦，建立诺曼底公国。
1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉成为英国国王，自此历代英国国王都享受了海峡群岛的统治权。
诺曼底公国从封建义务上是法国的附庸，但是当时英国国王兼任诺曼底公爵，法王与英王之间形成了封君封臣关系，在封建义礼上说，英王九应该臣服于法王，这就为英法百年战争埋下了伏笔。
征服者威廉的儿子亨利一世统治时(1100-1135年)，首先夺取了诺曼底公国，使他与法国卡佩王朝的矛盾益趋激化。
1154年，亨利外孙安茹伯爵继位，是为亨利二世，金雀花王朝统治开始。
亨利二是从父母继承的领土有英格兰、诺曼底、安茹、曼恩、屠棱；由于同阿奎丹女继承人埃莉娜结婚又取得了普瓦都、阿奎丹、加斯科尼，后来在1169年又取得了布列塔尼。
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
The Hundred Years’ War between England andFranceIn 1328, the Capetian dynasty in France came to an end with the death of Charles IV, the son of Philip the Fair. An assembly of French barons gave the crown to Philip VI of Valois, the nephew of Philip the Fair.Causes of the Hundred Years WarEdward III, king of England, asserted that he in fact had a superior claimed to the throne because his mother was Philip the Fair's daughter. This, then, was one of the primary causes of the Hundred Years' War. Another cause of the Hundred Years' War was clearly economic conflict. The French monarchy tried to squeeze new taxes from towns in northern Europe which had grown wealthy as trade and cloth-making centers. Dependent as they were on English wool, these towns through their support behind English and Edward III.The Hundred Years War and the MercenariesTo make matters worse, war had become a more expensive proposition in the 14th century. Larger, healthier and better-trained armies were needed. Most governments began to rely on paid mercenaries to do their fighting for them. The problem with mercenaries is that they were expensive to obtain an even more expensive to retain. More often than not, the mercenary had no allegiance to anyone king and fought for the highest bidder. Furthermore, mercenaries were a competitive and quarrelsome lot. The Hundred Years War - the TaxesTo counteract the high price of war, European monarchs imposed even more taxes upon the people. The French were most adept at this: there were taxes on salt, bread, and wine as well as taxes on the rights to use wine presses, grindstones and mills. And of course, there was the poll tax.The Hundred Years War - the FactionsThe last cause of the Hundred Years' War was factional conflict. By the 14th century the European nobility had become diluted with men who had entered the nobility not because they had a claim by virtue of birth but because of their wealth. Meanwhile, the older nobility was losing income due to declining rents. Many older nobles joined forces with mercenaries in order to maintain their position and status. Other nobles married into wealthy families while still others tried to improve their situation by the buying and selling of royal offices. What all this boiled down to was conflict. Nobles tended to join factions united against other factions. These factions included a greatfamily, their knights, servants and even workers and peasants on the manorial estate. They had their own small armies, loyalties and even symbols of allegiance. The bottom line is that these factions were beginning to form small states within a state and contributed not only to the overall violence of the 14th century but also to the need of monarchs to keep their nobility under constant surveillance. This explains why Louis XIV, the Sun King, housed his nobility at Versailles -- it was so he could keep an eye on them.The Hundred Years War - AquitaineThe most pressing issue during the Hundred Years' War was the status of Aquitaine, a large province in south western France. According to feudal law, Edward III held Aquitaine as part of his fiefdom. Philip attacked this territory, claiming it was rightfully his. Edward's response was to join forces with the Flemish in 1337 and this was the principal cause of the war.The Hundred Years WarThe war, fought entirely on French soil, raged off and on for more than 100 years. English victories were followed by French victories, then a period of stalemate would ensue, until the conflicts again rose to the surface. During periods of truce, English and French soldiers -- most of whom were mercenaries -- would roam the French countryside killing and stealing. After the battle of Agincourt in 1415, won by the English under Henry V, the English controlled most of northern France. It appeared that England would shortly conquer France and unite the two countries under one crown. At this crucial moment in French history, a young and illiterate peasant girl, Joan of Arc (c.1412-1431), helped to rescue France.The One Hundred Years War and Joan of ArcAt the age of 13 Joan believed she had heard the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine and St. Margaret bidding her to rescue the French people. Believing that God had commanded her to drive the English out of France, Joan rallied the demoralized French troops, leading them in battle. Clad in a suit of white armor and flying her own standard she liberated France from the English at the battle of Orleans. Ultimately captured and imprisoned by the English, Joan of Arc was condemned as a heretic and a witch and stood trial before the Inquisition in 1431. Joan was found guilty and was to be burnt at the stake but at the last moment she broke down and recanted everything. She eventually broke down again and faithful to her "voices," decided to become a martyr and was then burnt at the stake and became a national hero.。
新编英法百年战争
What is the Black Death about?
➢The Black Death was during Edward III period. It was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D. , a great plague swept(鼠疫)over Europe. One third of the European died.
The Huanr dred Years’ War
Henry Ⅴ
The four famous battles:
Main Events
Edward III Black Death
(1348-49)
Richard II The
Peasant Uprising
Henry V Recognized to
Definition
• A series of wars fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453 that resulted in the final expulsion of the English from all French territories except Calais. It is the longest war in the world. During this period, many new tactics and weapons have developed quickly.
bourgeoisie grew rapidly.
百年战争简介
● 经济
● 不过也许更为重要的是，经济问题才是两国交恶的罪魁祸首。
● 英格兰的经济命脉和皇家国库的正常运转在很大程度上依赖羊毛贸易。中世纪后期，佛兰德斯 （Flanders）是羊毛贸易中心。生产羊毛的英格兰人在这里卖羊毛，而大部分由这些羊毛制成的 商品（呢绒）则取原道返回英格兰。由于羊毛原料出口商和毛呢制成品进口商都要向英王缴税， 因此佛兰德斯的羊毛制品厂商和经销商顺理成章地都愿意支持英格兰利益。
● 百年战争使法国本土遭到了严重的损失。但在战后，法国经济逐渐复兴，战争加速了法兰西民族 意识的高涨，对近代民族国家的形成起了很大作用
原因
● 百年战争（the Hundred Years' War ）产生的原因错综复杂，包含国家间政治、经济、社会、国际关系等 各种因素。尽管通常认为百年战争始于1337年，但在此之前法兰西和英格兰早已累积多年恩怨。
● 1420年5月21日英、法在特鲁瓦签订几乎亡国的特鲁瓦条约。英王亨利五世成为法兰西摄政王， 有权承继查理六世死后的法兰西王位。法兰西已沦为英法联合王国的一部分。
● 1421年，博热之战爆发。法军与巴肯伯爵约翰·斯图亚特率领的苏格兰援军联手，对英军取得胜 利。他们杀死了亨利五世的弟弟，王位继承人克拉伦斯公爵。
● 奥尔良战役的胜利，扭转了法兰西在整个战争中的危难局面，从此战争朝着有利于法兰西的方向发展。此后， 法兰西人民抗英运动继续高涨，英军节节败退。
● 1429年7月，王子查理在兰斯加冕，称查理七世。1430年在康边城附近的战斗中，当贞德及其部队被英军所 逼、撤退回城时，这些封建主把她关在城外，最后竟以4万法郎将她卖给了英格兰人。贞德宁死不屈，她说： “为了法兰西，我视死如归。”1431年5月29日上午，贞德备受酷刑之后在卢昂城下被活活烧死，她的骨灰 被投到塞纳河中。死时，贞德还不满20岁。
英法百年战争名词解释
英法百年战争名词解释百年战争是指从1337年到1453年，持续了116年的一系列英法之间的战争。
这场战争在欧洲历史上具有重要意义，对于英法两国的政治、军事、经济等方面都产生了深远的影响。
以下是一些与百年战争相关的关键名词解释。
1. 百年战争（The Hundred Years' War）：指英法之间持续了116年的一系列战争。
这场战争的原因复杂，包括领土争端、王位继承问题和经济竞争等。
2. 爱德华三世（Edward III）：英国国王，被认为是百年战争的发起者。
他于1337年开始对法国的领土采取军事行动，宣称对法国王位有权利。
3. 克雷西战役（Battle of Crécy）：1346年，英军在法国克雷西战胜了法军的重要战役。
这场战役展示了英军的新型长弓的效力，对中世纪战争方式产生了巨大影响。
4. 平金战役（Battle of Poitiers）：1356年，爱德华黑太子在法国平金战胜了法国国王、被俘的约翰二世。
这场战役使得英军在战争中取得了重大优势。
5. 查理七世（Charles VII）：法国国王，他领导法国反抗英军的斗争，并在战争后期取得了重要的胜利。
6. 烧毁巴黎（Burned Paris）：在1429年，法国女将军神聖聖女貞德（Joan of Arc）领导的军队解围奥尔良后，进军巴黎。
然而，计划最终失败，巴黎被法国人自己放火烧毁。
7. 伊利亚的缪斯（The Muse of Rivalry）：这是一幅描绘了百年战争期间英法两国之间竞争的画作。
它展示了英法两国之间的英勇斗争和残酷战争的场景。
8. 十字军战争（Crusades）：百年战争期间，英法两国之间的战争被一些人称为十四世纪的持续的十字军战争。
这是因为战争开始时，许多英军被称为“圣战士”。
9. 卢瓦尔河（Loire River）：位于法国的卢瓦尔河是百年战争战略上重要的地理要素。
许多重要的战役都是在卢瓦尔河流域进行的。
unit 5 The Hundred Years' War 英国百年战争PPT课件
Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
The Black Death
The deadly plague
The
The demand The Statute
shortage of for higher of Labors/
manpower
wages
You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be
谢谢你的到来
学习并没有结束，希望大家继续努力
Learning Is Not Over. I Hope You Will Continue To Work Hard
演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
Poll tax
Peasant’s uprising
Compelled Prohibit Be exempt from Concession In failure
Key words in Unit 5
写在最后
经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量 Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More
7
English and French soldiers engaged in heavy fighting during the Battle of Agincourt on October 25, 1415.
8
Significances of the War
1. The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home. The national identity began to take shape.
Hundred Years' War ppt
2
名称：Hundred Years' War 地点：法国和低地国家 时间：1337年－1453年 参战方：法国、苏格兰；英格兰、勃艮第 结果：法国胜利 主要指挥官：圣女贞德；亨利六世 影响：法国夺回被英格兰控制的领地 时间：持续116年
3
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kings of France and the Kings of England and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. The House of Valoiscontrolled France in the wake of the House of Capet; a Capetian cadet branch, the Valois claimed the throne under Salic Law. This was contested by the House of Plantagenet, the Angevin family that had ruled England since 1154, who claimed the throne of France through the 1308 marriage of Edward II of England and Isabella of France.
百年战争名词解释
百年战争名词解释百年战争是指发生在14世纪至15世纪之间的一系列战争，主要涉及英格兰和法兰西王国之间的冲突。
以下是对百年战争中一些重要名词的解释。
1. 百年战争（The Hundred Years' War）：指从1337年至1453年的一系列战争，是英法两国之间为争夺领土、财富和权力而进行的长期冲突。
2. 普瓦捷战役（Battle of Poitiers）：发生在1356年的一场战役，英格兰军队在该战役中击败了法国军队，法国国王约翰二世被俘，这场战役成为百年战争的重要转折点。
3. 廷西条约（Treaty of Troyes）：签订于1420年的一项条约，通过这项条约，英格兰国王亨利五世娶了法国国王查理六世的女儿凯瑟琳，被立为法国王位的继承人。
4. 火枪（Arquebus）：16世纪初出现的早期火器，使用火药发射铅弹，对百年战争的战争方式和结果产生了深远影响。
5. 皮卡第家族（House of Plantagenet）：英格兰最重要的王朝之一，该家族在百年战争期间统治了英格兰，并为战争的发展做出了重要贡献。
6. 维尔兰战役（Battle of Verneuil）：发生于1424年的一场战役，英格兰军队在战役中击败了法国军队，这场胜利巩固了英格兰的在法国的统治地位。
7. 瓦莴战役（Battle of Agincourt）：发生于1415年的一场战役，英格兰军队在战役中以少败多，击败了法国军队，成为百年战争期间英格兰的一次重要胜利。
8. 紡织业（Textile industry）：百年战争期间，英格兰的织布业取得了显著发展，这一发展为战争提供了大量的财富和资源。
9. 长弓（Longbow）：英格兰军队在战争中广泛使用的一种特殊弓箭，长弓的射程和穿透力超过了当时的其他武器，对战局起到了重要作用。
10. 亚奎波特战役（Battle of Agincourt）：发生于1415年的一场战役，英格兰军队在战役中以少败多，击败了法国军队，成为百年战争期间英格兰的一次重要胜利。
Hundred Year's War 英法百年战争
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第四阶段
(1429年 - 145各方纷纷反抗，游击队经常 捉拿英格兰的征税者，牵制英军部队，帮助法军很大。
• 1428年10月，英军和勃艮地派包围了奥尔良，法军严重不利。 此时法国出现一位传颂后世的救星圣女贞德，指挥法军于1429年5月 败英格兰，奥尔良解围，赢得重大胜利，扭转了整个战局。 才19岁的圣女贞德不久便被英军捉住，1431年以女巫罪处死。这激起 国的民族义愤，助使法军作出大反攻。1437年，法军光复首都巴黎。 • • • 1441年，收复香槟地区。 1450年，解放曼恩和诺曼底。 1453年，夺回吉耶讷。
• 然而，英法的亨利五世和查理六世却于1422年同年去逝。 两方新王亨利六世和查理七世为争夺法国王位，再度交火。 百年战争进入第四阶段。
阿金库尔战役
Battle of Agincourt
1415年10月25日
• 英军一个月前刚刚经过哈福娄围攻战，伤亡达4000人。英王亨利五世不得不率领剩下 的5000长弓手和900骑兵撤退。法军起先避免与英军接触，但当英军吃光了随军带的1 星期的干粮而不得不靠劫掠和野果来充饥时，法国人大概认为时机有利，无数大大小 小的法国贵族都带着一支队伍加入法军想捡个便宜。这使法军拥有数量上的绝对优势 而缺乏有效的最高指挥。法军在阿金库尔堵住了英军北撤之路，英王亨利五世前一天 的求和被拒绝，只有靠一战来冲出一条路了。 亨利命令英军向前推进，两翼紧靠树林，英军整齐地缓缓推进到距法军250米（长弓有 效射程）的距离上停下，每个长弓手都将准备好的两头削尖的木桩插入脚下的泥沼地 中，让另一尖端斜向着法军方向。随着亨利一声令下，英国长弓手发出了第一次齐射， 天空立即被密密麻麻的箭簇所覆盖而法国人遭到了一阵箭雨的袭击。如梦初醒般，法 军第一线开始向英军冲击。法军两翼的重骑兵本应迂回攻击英军的侧翼，但因为两侧 的树林不得不正面冲击英军两翼的长弓阵地。法军骑兵遭到了很大损失，少数冲到英 军阵前也无力突破拒马，不得不在退却中承受更多的穿甲箭攻击。失去了主人的受伤 或受惊的战马在战场上乱跑，冲乱了随后冲上来的法军一线步兵。尽管法军第一波冲 击使英军少许后退，但英军很快重新拉直了队伍与法军搏斗。混乱得法军更像是集体 冲向一场大屠杀，无数法国贵族就此倒下或被俘。法军弓弩和火炮由于两军交错而无 法射击，很多人实际上整场战役一箭未发。法军尸体堆积如山，二三线的法军见此情 景都被吓得逃出了战场，以至当法军第三线骑兵开始冲锋时仅剩下了600人。半小时英 军就取得了决定性的胜利。亨利下了一道不寻常的命令结束了这场战役，英军处死了 所有的法军俘虏。此战法军损失过万，仅大大小小的贵族就战死了5000多。英军最大 的损失是战死的约克公爵，其他损失不过是十余名骑士和100余长弓手。
百年战争的英语名词解释
百年战争的英语名词解释百年战争（The Hundred Years' War）指的是英国和法国之间从1337年持续到1453年的一系列冲突和争斗。
尽管战争并非持续一百年，但这个名字被广泛使用来描述这段时期的英法交战。
这场战争对于英法两国和整个欧洲历史都有着深远的影响。
下面将对百年战争涉及到的几个英语名词进行详细解释。
1. The Hundred Years' War（百年战争）百年战争这个名词源于英国历史学家J.F.伯秩兹（J.F. Béthune）在1823年出版的《百年战争史》（Histoire de la Guerre de Cent Ans）一书中首次提及。
它指的是英国和法国之间的一系列冲突和战争，尽管实际上并不是连续一百年的持续战争。
这段时期的冲突造成了严重的破坏和人员伤亡，有时甚至卷入了其他欧洲国家。
2. The Treaty of Paris（巴黎条约）百年战争于1453年结束，当时法国国王查理七世（Charles VII）成功推翻了英国在法国的殖民统治。
作为结束战争的结果，法国与英国签署了巴黎条约。
巴黎条约确认了法国对英格兰殖民在法国的所有权益的恢复，并且规定了英国军队在法国领土上的撤离。
此条约标志着英国在法国的统治的宣告结束，巴黎条约也被认为是百年战争正式结束的标志。
3. Joan of Arc（圣女贞德）圣女贞德是百年战争中的一个重要人物，她是法国的国民英雄。
据传，贞德声称听到天使的指示，要帮助法国国王查理七世夺回英国的殖民地。
她鼓舞着法国军队，在军事行动中发挥了重要作用，并最终帮助法国捍卫了国土。
然而，贞德最终在1431年被英格兰支持的法国贵族联盟以对她的指控进行审判，并被判定为异端罪，被火刑处死。
4. Longbow（长弓）在百年战争中，英军采用了一种特殊的武器——长弓，成为他们的主要战术之一。
长弓是一种强力弓弩，由大胆和经验丰富的弓箭手使用。
它的射程和杀伤力远远超过其他武器，使英军能够对法军发起强有力的远程攻击。
The Hundred Year’s War
What is the Hundred Year’s War
• 百年战争(Hundred Years‘ War)是指英 • 国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于 1337年 - 1453年间的战争，是世界最 长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年， 百年战争中，发展出不少新战术和武器。 • The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French • throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets claimed the thrones of both France and England. The Plantagenet kings were the 12th-century rulers of the kingdom of England, and had their roots in the French regions of Anjou and Normandy. House of Valois:瓦王朝 瓦王朝
•
House of Plantagenet：金雀花王朝 金雀花王朝
House of Anjou:安茄家族 安茄家族
英美文化-百年战争
百年战争引言Hundred Years' War是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮地，于1337年至1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
14世纪，法国人试图把英国人赶出法国的西南部，从而统一法国。
英国当然不愿退出，并欲夺回祖先的土地如诺曼底、曼恩、安茹等。
当时英法两国因为贸易利益的关系，均对佛兰德斯做出争夺，使它们之间的冲突加深。
战争的导火线是英王爱德华三世乘法国卡佩王朝绝嗣之际，欲以近亲的关系继承法国王位，但最后却由腓力六世所获得，因此爱德华三世对法国宣战，以夺取法国王位。
当时神圣罗马帝国的诸侯和佛兰德斯站在英国一方，而苏格兰和罗马教皇则支持法国。
百年战争依局势的转变，大致可分为四个阶段。
The Hundred Years' War refers to the war Between Britain and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453, is the world's longest war. In 14th Century, in order to unify the French, the French tried to put the British out of southwestern France. The British certainly do not want to quit, and tried to regain their ancestral lands, such as Normandy, Anjou, Maine. At that time, Britain and France because of the relationship between trade interests, were made for Flanders, the conflict between them deepened. At that time, because of the relationship between trade interests, Britain and France were competing for Flanders, this makes the conflict between them deepened. War fuse is mainly the throne inheritance problem. In 1328, Charles IV died, the French capetian JueSi, branch African valois of Philip vi succession, whose king Charles IV to his nephew's qualifications, and Philip VI for the throne, triggering war. In accordance with changes in the situation, the hundred years' war can be roughly divided into four stages.1、第一阶段(1337年—1360年)是双方对佛兰德斯和基恩的争夺战。
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➢ It was a disaster for the people.Both of their economy was deeply damaged,so the people in the two countries lived in dire poverty.
➢The war in one hundred, crying in one hundred.
➢ From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce declined seriously.
➢ The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
➢ 贞德原本是一位法国农村少女，她声称在十六岁 时的一日，在村后的大树下遇见天使圣弥额尔、 圣玛加利大和圣加大肋纳，从而得到“上帝的启 示”，要求她带兵收复当时由英格兰人占领的法 国失地。后来她几番转折，得到兵权，于1429年 解奥尔良之围，成为了闻名法国的女英雄，后带 兵多次打败英格兰的侵略者，更促使拥有王位承 继权的查理七世于同年7月16日得以加冕。然而 圣女贞德于1430年在贡比涅一次小冲突中为勃艮 第公国所俘，不久为英格兰人以重金购去，由英 格兰当局控制下的宗教裁判所以异端和女巫罪判 处她火刑，于1431年5月30日在法国鲁昂当众处 死。20年后英格兰军队被彻底逐出法国时，贞德 年老的母亲说服教宗卡利克斯特三世重新审判贞 德的案子，最终于1456年为她平反。500年后被 梵蒂冈封圣。
➢ Hauberk (锁子甲） in Europe had more than one thousand years history. Early in the war, it was still the best protective equipment .But later ， plate armor（板甲） greatly enhance protection.
圣女贞德
➢ 圣女贞德（法语：
Jeanne d'Arc 或
Jeanne la Pucelle， 1412年1月6日－ 1431年5月30日）是 法国的军事家，天主 教圣人，被法国人视 为民族英雄。在英法 百年战争（1337年－ 1453年）中她带领法 国军队对抗英军的入 侵，最后被捕并被处 决。
圣女贞德
➢ Gunpowder(火药） and cannon（炮） played significant roles as early as 1375. The last battle of the war, was the first battle in European history in which artillery (大炮)was the deciding factor.
Definition
• A series of wars fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453 that resulted in the final expulsion of the English from all French territories except Calais. It is the longest war in the world. During this period, many new tactics and weapons have developed quickly.
The Hundred Years’ War
By Group 3
Outline
• Definition • Time • Causes
a.Major causes b.Direct cause • Course • Influence • Two works about the war • Joan of Ark
c: The English king suspected that France had been giving aid to the Scots in their opposition to England.
Cause
• Direct cause :the dispute over
succession to the French throne.
the French throne in the Hundred Years’ War with France (1337-14 about?
➢The Black Death was during Edward III period. It was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D. , a great plague swept(鼠疫)over Europe. One third of the European died.
Outline
➢Influence on France and Britain on the whole. ➢The war’s effect to France and its people. ➢The war’s effect to Britain and its people. ➢The war’s influence on the weapons, war system. ➢Influence on national emotion. ➢Influence on the language.
The course of the war
• In 1337,the war broke out • Initial stage: the English were on the
offensive and won great victories (a naval victory, some land battles) • In 1356,the French king was taken prisoner and held to ransom. • In 1377,Edward died ,English had lost the territory again. Two sides were exhausted and the war stopped.
➢ It had a huge influence on the growth of sprout of the capitalist productive relationship of Britain.
➢ It advanced the development of Britain’s economy.
➢ It helped English language to be reestablished as the official language .
➢ It promoted the formation of British nationstate.
➢ The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home.
The new equipment, in fact, the most significant value that was mainly for shooting. So even a large scale application of British longbow, it doesn't work.
Two works about the war
➢Shakespeare’s historical
plays of Henry Ⅳ and Henry Ⅴ
➢Mark Twain’s novel Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (praised patriotism and her distain for vain glory.)
➢ The war had an enormous impact on the later development of the two countries.It can be said both of the two countries became the centralized countries because of the need of the Hundred Years’ War, which was beneficial for their future development.
The Huanr dred Years’ War
Henry Ⅴ
The four famous battles:
Main Events
Edward III Black Death
(1348-49)
Richard II The
Peasant Uprising
Henry V Recognized to
➢ The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state.
➢ It sped up the decline of feudalism and established an absolute monarchy in England.
The Hundred Years’ War
• Places: France and England • Time : 1337-1453 • Result : It ended in victory for the
French, and the French recaptured the territories which had been controlled by England. • The main commanders : Joan of Arc, Henry V