英语基本结构以及句型_ppt

状语从句
分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、程度 1) 时间状语从句 Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green.
常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等
He knocked at the door; there was no answer.
You’re alive! And she’s dead.
Ⅲ.复合句
主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句
名词性从句
状语从句 定语从句
He said that he didn’t like her. A plane is a machine that can fly.
宾·
Attri.---attribute 定·
Adv.--- adverb
状·
Oc --- object complement 补
1) 主语（subject） 句子的主体，全句述说的对象。Байду номын сангаас般由 名词,主格代词 ,动词不定式 ,动名词 或从句担任，常置于句首 。 I like football.
The boy needs a pen.
Ｓ 1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. He
Ｖ（及 物） passed cooked brought bought showed gave showed
ｏ（多 指人） me husband her me Her him him
Ｏ（多指物） a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. . that the bus was late.
5) 宾补（objective complement） 补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。 They made him‹king.› I consider the book ‹ too expensive. 6) 定语（attributive） › 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子， 汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。
Ｖ（实义动词） knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said
Ｏ(宾语) the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
基本句型 三
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做及物动词。
e.g. We like the movie. o S V
Ｓ 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He
the table the door supper the house him him me them
clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.
Ⅰ.简单句
1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We don’t beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano.
主 + 谓 + 宾 主 + 系 + 表 主 + 谓
5. I found the book‹easy. ›
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
Practice
Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him‹go.›
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 宾补 主 + 谓 + 宾 主 + 系 + 表 主 + 谓
Ⅱ.并列句
This is me and these are my friends.
They must stay in water, or they will die. It’s not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.
基本句型 五
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
判断原则：能表达成—宾语 是…/做…
e.g. We made him the monitor. O OC S V
1.常跟复合宾语的动词有：call name make think find leave and so on. Eg:I will make you captain. I found the film interesting. 2.如see watch look at listen to hear feel let make have后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，常 省略to Eg：He listened to the boy cry. Let me go
The teacher made the students laugh.
Ｓ
Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语）
Ｃ（宾补）
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
keep painted call found makes saw asked saw
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go,等 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
接双宾语的动词有：
1.动词后接to :give show send bring read pass lend leave hand tell return write throw refuse and so on.
2.动词后接for: make buy do get play sing pay and so on.
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone
基本句型 二
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做(连)系动词。 系动词可分四类： 1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词； 2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, remain, stand等
2) 谓语（predicate） 说明主语的动作或状态。由 动词担任。常置于主语后。 The train leaves at 6 o’clock. I want a ticket.
3) 宾语（object） 表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。 He won the game. On the desk Tome lost his life in the big fire. 4) 表语（predicative） 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。 He is a student.
基本句型
一
Ｓ(subject) +V(verb)（主＋谓） 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
e.g. His words works. S V
Ｓ
Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
7) 状语（adverbial）
用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构 之后，强调时放在句首； 修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句 首， 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副 词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .
（从句作时间状语)
句子类型