高考英语专题一分析句子成分分析

专题一分析句子成分

简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语)

一．句子的主要成份与次要成份

句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如：

The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring

(主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)

Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.?

(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语)

[练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份

1.They are workers from China.

（）( ) ( ) ( )

2. The singer made himself known.

（）( ) ( ) ( )

3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me. （）( ) ( ) ( ) （）( ) ( )

二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子

Deer are animals.

Everything goes well.

99 is larger than 98.

To say is one thing and to do is another

To host a party is not an easy thing.

Swimming does good to one’s health.

Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.

What he said hurt me greatly

[练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。

You, he and I are all senior school students.( )

Nothing is more important than EQ.( )

To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.( ) Being honest will pay.( )

Where his mother will go is a secret.( )

三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词

[讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。

谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息

The bike went wrong again.

Most of the my classmates work hard.

They told me his experiences in America.

Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.

We will stay at the school at the weekend

Many flowers will have been planted by the end of the year.

[练习] 将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线

1.The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.

2.Our old books have been sold out already.

3.Does he go to work at eight ?

4.Are you watching football games now?

5.You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.

四、宾语及充当宾语的词性、形式、短语或句子

[讲解]宾语表示行为的对象。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。充当宾语的词性有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句充当主语。例如：

The factory makes paper.

I will make it one day.

The price increased by 10%.

They planned to go ahead of time.

Do you like swimming?

Some students asked to act as volunteers.

I forgot bringing my mobile phone.

Do you know where he lives?

I suppose you’re right.

They suggest I should have a rest.

I can’t understand what I heard.

[练习] 根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。

1. I like my new ________(学校) and my __________(同学).

2. My bag is red while ______(你的) is brown.

3. Do you want ______ ______ ______ ______（休息一下）？

4.Let’s stop ______(工作) and go out for a change.

5. Can you understand ______ ______ ______(我所说的话) just now?

五、定语及充当定语的词性、形式、短语或句子

定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。可用作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、副词、介词短语及从句等。例如：

（1）名词作定语：A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant

（2）形容词(短语)作定语: an attractive sight, people alive,

the students present at the meeting

（3）副词(短语)作定语: The students here work hard. The book over there is his. （4）介词短语作定语: The pencil-bos on the desk is mine.

（5）动名词、分词（短语）定语: He is a walking dictionary

Do you know the boy standing outside the classroom?

I like novels written by Luxun.

（6）不定式（短语）: Is there anything to eat?

（7）定语从句: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap.

[练习]将下列句中作定语的部分划线.

1. I need a book cover.

2. John is a handsome star.

3. The trees over there grow green.

4. The books in my schoolbag are readable.

5. The crowds waiting for Yang Liwei cheered up.

6. I’d like to introduce a book called A Woman in White to you.

7. The computer to be repaired is on the desk.

8. Do you know the date when he was born?

9. I know the man who lives next door.

10. That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer.

11. Give me one reason why we should help you.

12. The book you lent me was very useful.

13. Do you still remember the boy I was going out with?