高考英语专题一分析句子成分分析
句子成分分析
【高考英语资料库编写组】一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the rive r is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English tes t has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be 动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
高考英语语法句子成分分析
高考英语语法句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。
如：Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
如：Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如：They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。
)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
)这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。
4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如：This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。
）这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。
常由副词担任。
修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
如：The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。
)I often write to him. (我常给他写信。
高中英语语法——句子成分详解(高考专用)
高中英语语法——句子成分详解句子成分概述英语在其长期发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”，这与汉语是相似的。
“主语”是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；“谓语”是对话题所作的说明，是说话人说要传递的信息。
试观察下列句子：主语谓语I am a Chinese boy.Mary has two best friendsSeeing is believing .To do is harder than to say.We wish you success!从上述例子可以看出，作为句子的话题，主语通常是一些事物性或实体性的词，否则，主语便不能成为句子的话题，不能成为信息传递的出发点。
所以，主语通常是个名词、名词词组、或者相当于名词（词组）的语法结构。
而谓语是对主语所做的说明，它指出主语所表示的事物或概念是或不是什么，有或没有什么，要或不要什么，做了或未作什么等等。
因此，谓语通常是述说性的，他能说明情况，表达意愿，评判美丑，分辨是非。
所以，谓语通常由动词或动词词组来担任，而且谓语部分在结构上通常要比主语长一些或者更复杂一些。
英语句子的谓语是动词性的，这就是说，谓语是以动词为中心的。
而在汉语中，谓语有的是：①动词性的，如：“我去北京。
猫吃老鼠”；但也有：②名词性的，如：“那张桌子四条腿。
今天星期一。
”如果硬说“有三条腿、是星期一”，在汉语中反倒不自然。
可是，倘用英语来表达这些句子，则必须有个动词；在汉语中还有：③形容词性谓语，就是直接拿形容词作谓语，不带任何动词，如：“那孩子聪明。
那件事危险。
”，就用不着动词。
但诸如此类的句子用英语去表达，可千万别忘了动词。
“The boy is clever. That matter is dangerous.”由此可见，在汉语中，名词和形容词都可以独立作谓语，但在英语中却不可以。
下面我们就从主语和谓语入手详细剖析英语的句子成分。
句子成分的定义：组成一个句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。
英语高考句子成分分析
英语高考句子成分分析句子是语言表达的基本单位，通过对句子的分析，我们可以更好地理解句子的结构和含义。
在英语高考中，句子成分分析是一个重要的考点，掌握了句子成分分析的方法和技巧，可以帮助我们准确理解句子，并正确地运用语法知识。
一、主语（Subject）主语是句子的核心成分，通常表示句子所述事物的主体，是谓语动词的逻辑主语。
主语的种类主要有以下几种：1. 句子主语（Sentence Subject）：句子中最重要的成分，实义动词的执行者或主语从句动词的逻辑主语，通常位于句子的主语位置。
例如：“Tom is studying in the library.”（汤姆正在图书馆学习。
）2. 人称主格代词（Personal Pronoun）：以代词形式出现，作为主语的时候，主要有"I", "you", "he", "she", "it", "we"和"they"等。
例如："I am a student."（我是一名学生。
）。
3. 名词（Noun）：名词作主语时，可以是具体名词或抽象名词。
例如：“Books are my best friends.”（书是我的好朋友。
）4. 代词（Pronoun）：除了人称主格代词外，还可以有其他代词在句子中作为主语，例如反身代词、指示代词等。
例如：“Myself and my sister are going to the party.”（我和我妹妹要去那个派对。
）二、谓语（Predicate）谓语是句子的另一个核心成分，表示主语的动作、状态或属性。
谓语可以由动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等构成。
1. 动词（Verb）：动作类或状态类动词是常见的谓语成分，根据具体的语境和句子的时态、语态等情况，所用动词形式会有所差异。
高考英语句子成分分析
Part1英语句子成分一、词类英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.二、句子成分1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。
如：The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词)The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
高考英语句子成分语法分析之表语与同位语讲义
高中英语句子成分语法分析之表语与同位语表语表语和它前边的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份、类属等。
常见的系动词有下面这些：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, rest, run, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn表语表示法1) 名词* It is a long wait in the dark. 在黑暗中他们等了很长一段时间。
* That will be a good beginning, I hope. 我希望，这将是一个良好的开端。
* That remains a puzzle to me. 这对我还是个难题。
2) 代词* It's him. 是他。
* Is that book hers? 那本书是她的吗？* I'll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。
3) 数词* She is sixteen. 他十六岁。
* She is always the first to get up. 她总是第一个起床。
* He was the second to climb the mountain. 他是登这座山的第2人。
4) 形容词* She's keeping quite well．她身体一直保持得很好。
* The dish smells good. 这盘菜闻起来不错。
* She has gone mad. 她疯了。
5) 现在分词或过去分词作表语* What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。
* The flowers look charming after the rain. 雨后的鲜花看上去很漂亮。
* It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly. 那男孩能这么快解决这个问题真是令人惊奇。
高考英语：专题一 句子成分
从句中作主语,故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
2.The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by as-
tronomical incidents. 答案 disappearance 句意:恐龙的消失并不运用
一、主语
栏目索引
单句填空
1.Many people who/that live along the coast make a living in fishing industry.
答案 who/that 句意:许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。分析题
干可知,“
live along the coast”为定语从句,先行词指人,且关系词在
栏目索引
四、宾语
语境运用
单句填空 1.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make (make) a new life for herself. 答案 to make wish之后接不定式作宾语。故空格处填不定式to make。 2.Keep holding (hold) your position for a while. 答案 holding 该句中Keep之后需要接动名词作宾语。故空格处填 holding。
栏目索引
2.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man sitting (sit) at the front. 答案 sitting 分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作宾语补足语,且与宾语 man之间是逻辑上的主动关系,动作正在进行中,由此结合“notice sb./sth. doing”可知,空格处应填sitting。 3.The aim of education is to teach young people to think (think) for themselves and not to follow others blindly. 答案 to think 句意:教育的目的是教会年轻人去自己思考和不要盲目 地跟从别人。空格处在句中作宾语补足语,而teach之后接不定式作宾补,故 填to think。
上海高考英语语法复习1句子成分分析
The US government’s decision to ban commercial fishing from 88,000 sq miles of the Gulf during the clean-up in order to safeguard human health could actually help regenerate depleted fish stocks.
(1) A give B sth → A give sth to B 同类动词: pass, lend, bring, take, send, show, assign, award, offer, write (2) A buy B sth → A buy sth for B 同类动词: book, find, get, make, order, prepare
简单句中的其他成分
The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends. 同位语 We'll meet you in a week, that is, on September 10. You may learn to play the violin in, say, three years. 插入语
简单句的基本句型2
The water is boiling.
They have been waiting there for hours. 主语 + 动词 （SVi）
简单句的基本句型3
He successfully carried out his plan.
高考英语句子成分结构分析
高考英语句子成分结构分析英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
一、划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）1. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习：在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to the health.6. The rich should help the poor.7. When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isn’t at home is not true.10. There comes the bus.11. Beyond the village lies a small village.12. Now comes your turn.2. 谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
高考高中英语语法基础：句法之句子成分详解
高考高中英语语法基础：句法之句子成分详解句法主要讲句子的成分、种类和类型以及遣词造句的规律。
句子成分是句中起一定功用的一个组成部分。
句子成分可以分为八种！主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。
主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等担任，其位置在陈述句基本结构的前部。
如：Professor Wang is a well－known scholar. 王教授是一位著名的学者。
（名词）I read newspaper every day. 我每天读报。
（代词）Three plus six is nine. 三加六得九。
（数词）To become a professor has been his ambition.当教授一直是他的抱负。
（不定式）Smoking is harmful to health. 吸烟对健康有害。
（动名词）What we shall do next is not yet decided.下一步我们做什么还未定下来。
（主语从句）The aged are well taken care of in the village.这个村里的老年人都得到了很好的照顾。
（名词化的形容词）谓语谓语说明主语的动作或状态的部分。
谓语通常由动词或动词短语担任，其位置在主语之后。
如：His mother is a doctor. 他的妈妈是一位大夫。
（系动词）We study English. 我们学习英语。
（行为动词）We should pay attention to English idioms．我们应注意英语的习语。
（动词短语）表语表语是在连系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。
表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句担任，其位置在连系动词之后。
如：His father is a lawyer. 他的父亲是律师。
高考复习句子成分分析—长难句分析
辅助完形填空和单项选择等题型
完形填空
单项选择
阅读理解
通过对完形填空中句子成分的分析， 学生能更好地理解句子结构和语境， 准确快速地选出正确答案。
分析句子成分可以帮助学生更好地理 解题目中的语境和考查重点，提高做 题的正确率和速度。
句子成分分析法在阅读理解题型中具 有很高的应用价值，有助于学生快速 准确地把握文章重点和理解细节。
谓语
是用来描述主语的动作或状态的动词或形容词，通常 由一个动词或动词短语来表示。例如：“他们正在公 园里玩耍。”中的“正在玩耍”就是谓语。
宾语和主谓宾
宾语
是句子中动词动作的承受者，通常由一个名词、代词或名词性短语来表示。例如：“我喜欢吃苹果。 ”中的“苹果”就是宾语。
主谓宾
是指句子中有主语、谓语和宾语的句子结构。例如：“他喜欢看电影。”就是一个主谓宾结构的句子 。
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总结与展望
总结句子成分分析的重要性和应用价值
句子成分分析是语言 理解和表达的关键
句子成分分析是语言理解和表达的基 础，它可以帮助学生更好地理解句子 的结构和含义，提高阅读和写作能力 。
句子成分分析在高考 中的应用价值
在高考语文考试中，句子成分分析常 常是考察的重点之一，掌握句子成分 分析的方法对于提高语文成绩非常重 要。
2023
高考复习句子成分分析— 长难句分析
目录
• 句子成分分析的概述 • 句子成分的基本类型 • 长难句分析的方法和技巧 • 高考英语长难句分析实例 • 句子成分分析在高考复习中的应用 • 总结与展望
01
句子成分分析的概述
句子成分分析的定义
句子成分分析是指对句子的构成成分进行分 析，以确定句子的主干和各级修饰语。
高考英语语法——句子成分
高考英语语法——句子成分（Sentences）（基础语法中的重中之重）重点用法①主语用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
由名词、代词、不定式、从句等或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
Harry Potter is the hero in this book.哈利·波特是这本书的主人公。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
重点用法②谓语用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。
谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。
I saw your brother yesterday.我昨天看见你弟弟了。
Please look after the twins.请照看这对双胞胎。
David’s hobby is writing.戴维的业余爱好是写作。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
重点用法③表语用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。
由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当。
Andy and I are friends.我和安迪是好朋友。
I’m fourteen.我14岁了。
Leaves have gone yellow.树叶变黄了。
重点用法④宾语用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。
由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
The workers are building the bridge.工人们正在建造这座桥。
We should learn from her.我们应该向她学习。
I enjoy sharing my work experience.我喜欢分享我的工作经验。
重点用法⑤宾语补足语用法：位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。
成分分析
高考英语总复习第一专题：句子成分分析海兴中学：杨大印第二讲：简单句二、句子基本概念（1）有主语、有谓语方可称为句子，否则为短语。
（2）主句和从句必须有连接词衔接。
连接句可在两个句子中间，亦可放置于句首。
句子按结构可分为简单句, 并列句, 复合句简单句；英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型(其共有特征是主谓结构(S+V)。
)及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）(主+ 系+ 表)三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）1. S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）Time flies. She came．My head aches.1) S + Vi + adverbial(状语）Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）I'll go swimming.2. S + Vt + O We like English.1) S + VT + N/Pron I like music. I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式） I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
高中英语高考复习句子成分详解(共五种)
高考英语句子成分英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、补语（complement）和同位插入。
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大｡这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词.副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语.不定式短语和分词短语)｡我们称之为:定语.状语一、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰.限定作用的词.短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示｡定语通常位于被修饰的成分前｡若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something.nothing);或不定式.分词短语作定语.从句作定语时,则定语通常置后｡副词用作定语时须放在名词之后｡1.形容词作定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔｡Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩｡There is a good boy.有个乖男孩｡数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔｡The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生｡There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩｡代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom\'s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔｡His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆｡There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩｡介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔｡The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆｡There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩｡名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔｡It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔｡There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔｡2.副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom｡3.不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔｡The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆｡There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做｡4.分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔｡The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的｡There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩｡5.定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔｡The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆｡There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个｡二、状语状语修饰动词.形容词.副词或全句,说明方式.因果.条件.时间.地点.让步.方向.程度.目的等｡状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间.地点.目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词.助动词.情态动词之后,动词之前｡有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'1.副词(短语)作状语The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔｡(宾语较长则状语前置)The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔｡(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔｡(时间状语)2.介词短语作状语In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔｡(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)3.分词(短语)作状语He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔｡(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔｡(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿｡(原因状语)4.不定式作状语The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业｡(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣｡5.名词作状语Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)状语从句:时间状语从句.地点状语从句.原因状语从句.结果状语从句.目的状语从句.比较状语从句.让步状语从句.条件状语从句三、同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语｡如: We students should study hard./ (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students./ (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)四、独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)｡感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等｡肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语:称呼人的用语｡插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等｡如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语)perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等｡五、分词独立结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
高考英语 句子成分及句子结构
句子成分一、句子成分句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语的组成部分。
1、主语：是表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语和从句等充当。
例如：Mr. Cheng is an English teacher.程先生是英语教师He teaches English in No. 5 Middle School. 他在五中教英语。
To be a good teacher is not easy. 要当一位好老师并不容易。
The accused was sentenced to death．被指控者被判处死刑。
Her beloved died in the war. 她敬爱的人死于战场。
What he said is reasonable. 他说的话有道理。
2、谓语：是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里的主要词）用动词。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须保持一致。
例如：We love China. 我热爱中国。
Mr. Cheng hopes to be a good teacher.程先生希望当一位好教师。
3、表语：是说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
由名词、代词、数词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
例如：My father is a teacher. 我父亲是教师。
His work is to teach English . 他的工作是教英语。
Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？That’s what I should do. 这是我应该做的。
4、宾语：是表示动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当宾语，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
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专题一分析句子成分简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语)一．句子的主要成份与次要成份句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。
句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。
其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。
例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.?(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语)[练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份1.They are workers from China.（）( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known.（）( ) ( ) ( )3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me. （）( ) ( ) ( ) （）( ) ( )二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子Deer are animals.Everything goes well.99 is larger than 98.To say is one thing and to do is anotherTo host a party is not an easy thing.Swimming does good to one’s health.Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.What he said hurt me greatly[练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。
You, he and I are all senior school students.( )Nothing is more important than EQ.( )To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.( ) Being honest will pay.( )Where his mother will go is a secret.( )三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词[讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。
谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息The bike went wrong again.Most of the my classmates work hard.They told me his experiences in America.Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.We will stay at the school at the weekendMany flowers will have been planted by the end of the year.[练习] 将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线1.The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.2.Our old books have been sold out already.3.Does he go to work at eight ?4.Are you watching football games now?5.You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.四、宾语及充当宾语的词性、形式、短语或句子[讲解]宾语表示行为的对象。
宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。
充当宾语的词性有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句充当主语。
例如：The factory makes paper.I will make it one day.The price increased by 10%.They planned to go ahead of time.Do you like swimming?Some students asked to act as volunteers.I forgot bringing my mobile phone.Do you know where he lives?I suppose you’re right.They suggest I should have a rest.I can’t understand what I heard.[练习] 根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。
1. I like my new ________(学校) and my __________(同学).2. My bag is red while ______(你的) is brown.3. Do you want ______ ______ ______ ______（休息一下）？4.Let’s stop ______(工作) and go out for a change.5. Can you understand ______ ______ ______(我所说的话) just now?五、定语及充当定语的词性、形式、短语或句子定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。
可用作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、副词、介词短语及从句等。
例如：（1）名词作定语：A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant（2）形容词(短语)作定语: an attractive sight, people alive,the students present at the meeting（3）副词(短语)作定语: The students here work hard. The book over there is his. （4）介词短语作定语: The pencil-bos on the desk is mine.（5）动名词、分词（短语）定语: He is a walking dictionaryDo you know the boy standing outside the classroom?I like novels written by Luxun.（6）不定式（短语）: Is there anything to eat?（7）定语从句: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap.[练习]将下列句中作定语的部分划线.1. I need a book cover.2. John is a handsome star.3. The trees over there grow green.4. The books in my schoolbag are readable.5. The crowds waiting for Yang Liwei cheered up.6. I’d like to introduce a book called A Woman in White to you.7. The computer to be repaired is on the desk.8. Do you know the date when he was born?9. I know the man who lives next door.10. That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer.11. Give me one reason why we should help you.12. The book you lent me was very useful.13. Do you still remember the boy I was going out with?14. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?简单句的五种基本句型句型一主语+系动词+表语（1）系动词的三分类：."保持或状态"类的有be,remain, stay, keep, prove等；“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall，go，come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel,, seem，appear. 等；例如:I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.After four years, Tom became a doctor =turned doctor.The story sounds interesting and instructive.（2）可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词（短语）等。
例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday.In my mind, mother is my hero.Look1 Your pet dog is there.The schoolbags come in different sizesYou’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were.Many passengers got injured in the accident.The machine keeps running for a long time.（3）使用系动词应注意的地方:第一，没有被动语态；第二，.一般没有进行时（除了feel以外）；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词，如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get,smell等。
[练习]根据句子，选择一个合适的动词填空或根据汉语提示填空：(1) Put the meat in the refrigerator(冰箱).It ______(goes/gets/turns/becomes) bad easily.(2) What he said_______(sounds/looks/smells/tastes) reasonable.(3)He feels ________(comfortable/comfortably), working in the air-conditioned office.(4) When the winter comes, the leaves in the tree turn _________(yellow/green).(5) More trees will ________(be grown/grow/) around our school.(6) We do morning exercises to _________(keep/turn/become) healthy.(7)The apple ________(tastes/is tasted) sweet.(8)Those apples _____________(have tasted/have been tasted) already.（9）Please keep ______(安静) ; The baby has fallen _______(睡).(10) They work day and night to make their dream come_______(真).句型二主语+不及物动词[讲解] (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。