财务会计英语

1Accounting会计is an information system.it measures

data into reports,and communicates results to people

2Financial accounting财务会计(外部)the branch of accounting that provides information to people outside the firm

Management accounting管理会计(内部)the branch of decision makers of a business,such as top executives. 3流动资产包括current assets

Cash and Cash equivalents现金及其等价物short-term investments短期投资Inventories存货

Accounts (notes) receivable应收账款(票据)prepaid expenses and other current assets预付账款(其他流动资产)

4The account账户the record of the changes that have occurred in a particular asset liability,or stockholders’ equity during a period.

5Assets资产(cash,accouts receivable,notes

expense,land buildings,equipment furniture fixtures)

Liabilites负债(notes payable,accounts payable,accrued liabilities)

6Accounting adjustments fall into three basic catrgories 会计账项调整三类型

of the p eriod,an adjustment is needed to decrease the Supplies account for the supplies used up)②depreciation(the accounting adjustment records Depreciation Expense,which decreases the book value of the asset over its life)③accruals(the adjustment debits a receiva ble and credits a revenue)

7Items for reconciliation银行往来账科目①items bank(1Deposits in transit 2outstanding checks)②Items recorded by the bank but not yet recorded by the company.we may learn of these items form the bank statement(1bank collections 2electronic funds transfers 3service charge and the cost of printed checks 4interest revenue earned on checking account 5nonsufficient funds checks)③errors by the company or the bank

8Treasury stock库存股a corporations own stock that it

10Available-for-sale invesments可供出售投资all investments not classified as held-to-maturity or trading securities.可供出售投资的成本Available-for-sale invesments are accounted for at market value because the company expects to sell the stock at its market price.cost is used only as the initial amount for recording the investments.these investments are reported on the balance sheet as current market value.

11股票股利与现金股利不同Receipt of a stock dividend is different from receipt of a cash dvidend.for a stock dividend,the investor records no dividend revenue.instead,the investor makes a memorandum entry in the accounting records to denote the new number of shares of stock held as an investment.because the number of shares of stock held has increased,the investor’s cost per share of the stock decreases.

12equity method权益法the method used to account for investments in which the investor has 20-50% of the investee’s voting stock and can significantly influence the decisions of the investee.

14Held-to-maturity investments持有至到期投资bonds 15amortized cost method摊销成本法16hedging套期保值to protect oneself from losing

by engaging in a

counterbalancing transaction

17comprehensive income全面收益a company change in

total stockholder’s equity from all sources other than

from the owners of the business.内容①unrealized

gains(losses)on available-for-sale

investments②foreign-currency translation adjustments

18 Investing activities投资活动: Activities that increase

or available to the

business, a section of the statement of cash flows,

Investing activities are important but they are less critical

that operating activities

Financing activities筹资活动: Activities that obtain from

investors and creditors the cash needed to launch and

sustain the business, a section of the statement of cash

flows, they are the least important of the three

categories of cash flows, and that’s why they come last

Operating activities经营活动: Activities that create

a section of the statement of cash flows, Operating

activities affect the income statement, Operating

activities are the most important of the three categories

because they reflect the heart of the organization, a

successful business must generate most of its cash

from day-to-day operation

19Accounting foundation principles会计基本原则The

the

accounting principle that ensures that accounting

records and statements are based on the most reliable

data available) ;The cost principle;The

going-concept;The stable-monetary-unit concept.

20Trial balance试算平衡表 a list of all the ledger

21Accrual accounting权责发生制accounting that

event as it

occurs,regardless of whether the transaction affected

cash.Cash-basis accounting收付实现制accounting

that records only transactions in which cash is received

or paid.区别In accrual accounting,an accountant

records the impact of a business transaction as it

occurs.when the business perfotms a service,makes a

sale,or incurs an expense,the accountant records the

transaction even if it receives or pays no cash.In

cash-basis revenues,and cash payments are handled

as accounting,the accountant records a transaction

only when it receives or pays cash

22Internal control内部控制organizational plan and

related measures adopted by an entity to

safeguard.assets,encourage adherence to companny

policies,promote operational efficiency,and ensure

accurate and reliable accounting records目的

①safeguard assets②encourage adherence to

comp any policies③promote operational

efficiency④ensure accurate and reliable accounting

records

23 LIFO（后进先出法）FIFO（先进先出法）

cost of

goods sold is highest because it is based on the most

recent costs，gross profit is lowest .FIFO cost of goods

sold is lowest because it is based on the oldest

costs,gross profit is highest .

②when inventory cost are decreasing .FIFO cost of

goods sold is highest , LIFO cost of goods sold is

lowest

24depreciation折旧is not a process of valuation,does

not mean setting aside cash to replace assets as they

wear out三种方法

①straight-line②units-of-production③double-declinin

g-balance-an accelerated depreciation method.

Comparing depreciation methods对比the DDB method

ys ①Residual

value is ignored initially ;first-years depreciation is

computed on the asset’s full cost ②Depreciation

expense in the final year is the “Pula” amount needed

to reduce the asset’s book value to the residual

amount.

预付费用，应计费用的定义及区别：

Prepaid expense预付费用：A category of miscellancous

future.Accrued expense应计费用:An expense incrurred

(区别):a prepaid expense is an expense paid in advance

prepayment will be used up in the near

future.Therefore prepaid expenses are assets,because

they provide a future benfit for the owner.The tern

accrued expense refers to a liability that arises from an

expense that has not yet been paid.

25 Gross profit percentage毛利率=gross profit毛利/net

－cost of

goods sold)／net sales revenue =1－(cost of goods

sold／net sales revenue)

26Beginning inventory存货+purchase s购买=goods

available可供出售存货－cost of goods sold销售成本

=Ending inventory

27 net sales revenue销售收入净额=sales revenue销售收

入－sales discounts销售折扣－sales returns and

allowances销售和津贴

28 interest expense利息费用=the preceding bond

市场利率

29prepaid rent预付租金

Dr:prepaid rent Cr:cash

Dr:rent expense租金Cr:prepaid rent预付租金

Supplies物料

Cr:Cash

Dr: Supplies expense物料费Cr: Supplies

Accrued revenues应计费用

Dr:accounts receivable应收账款

Cr:service revenue服务收入

30writing off uncollectible acounts注销坏账

Cr:accounts receivable 应收账款

31Record the purchase stock as follows股票购买记录

Dr:Treasury stock库藏股

Cr:cash

Sale出售Dr:cash

Cr:treasury stock

paid-in capital from treasury stock

transactions实收资本形成库藏股业务

32Three relevant dates for dividends are as follow与股利

发放相关的三个日期

①decl aration date june19股利宣布日6.19

Dr：retained earnings留存收益

Cr:dividends payable应付股利

②date of record July1登记日7.1

③payment date July10支付日

Dr:dividends payable应付股利

Cr:cash

33 权益法下

①to purchase equity-method investment权益投资

Cr:cash

②To record investment revenue记录投资收益

Dr:long-term investment

Cr:equity-method investment revenue权益投资收益

③To receive cash dividend on equity-method investment

收到权益投资的现金股利

Dr:cash

Cr: long-term investment

sold 20% of investment出售20%的投资

loss on sale of investment出售投资损失

Cr: long-term investment

34Taxble income所得税

记录当年所得税

Dr:income tax expense所得税费用

Cr:income tax payable应交所得税

deferred tax liability递延所得税负债（is usually

long-term）

35①折价债券发行

Discount on bonds payable

Cr: Bonds payable

②付息

Discount on bonds payable

Cr: Cash

③计息

Discount on bonds payable

Cr: Interest payable

36①溢价债券发行

Cr: Bonds payable

Premium on Bonds payable

②付息

Premium on bonds payable

Cr: Cash

37提折旧

Cr: Accumulated depreciation

38预收服务收入

Dr: Unearned service revenue

Cr: Service revenue

39应计广告费用

Cr: Account payable

40应计利息收入

Dr: Interest receivable

Cr: Interest revenue