蓝莓各个生长阶段图解

蓝莓各个生长阶段图解休眠期－－植株部位：花芽。

描述：不见花芽膨大。

花芽鳞片紧闭。

不见生长迹象。

花芽膨大－－植株部位：花芽。

描述：春季植株开始生长第一信号。

花芽膨大可见；花芽尖头外部鳞片裂开，露出内部色泽略浅鳞片。

花芽的这个阶段耐受温度为-12度至-9度。

叶芽绿尖初期－－植株部位：叶芽。

描述：叶芽尖端鳞片裂开。

叶芽尖端绿叶组织开始长出。

露出2毫米至5毫米绿色组织。

叶片紧卷。

花芽绽裂－－植株部位：花芽。

描述：花芽开放，花芽鳞片之间单独花朵雏形可见。

寒冷耐受温度为-7度。

叶芽绿尖晚期－－植株部位：叶芽。

描述：叶片开始展开。

更多绿色叶片组织可见，长度6毫米至13毫米。

叶芽这个阶段通常伴随花芽绽裂。

花穗紧密－－植株部位：花。

描述：花簇中，可以清晰分辨出单独花朵。

花芽这个发育阶段，耐受温度为-7度至-5度。

枝条生出－－植株部位：新生枝条。

描述：叶芽长出数个叶片，叶片展开。

叶片长大，新枝长出。

粉红花芽早期－－植株部位：花。

描述：花朵膨大，花朵之间明显分离。

花冠短小，闭合。

花芽这个阶段耐受温度为-5度至-4度。

粉红花芽末期－－植株部分：花。

描述：单个花朵发育完全。

花冠长大，颜色变白，依然闭合。

花芽这个阶段耐寒温度为-4.4度至-2.8度。

开花初期－－植株部位：花。

描述：部分花冠生长至最大并且开放，许多花朵依然闭合。

这个开花阶段，耐寒温度为-4度至-2.2度。

开花完全期－－植株部位：花。

描述：树丛上绝大多数花开放。

花期这个阶段，耐寒温度为-2.2度。

花冠脱落－－植株部位：花。

花的花冠开始脱落，可见绿色小果。

这个阶段最易冻伤。

冻害发生温度为0度。

花芽发育次序：枝尖的花芽最先发育，发育次序从上至下；同一花穗中花朵开放次序：花穗基部的花朵最先绽放，开花次序从下向上；开花授粉次序与果径关系：开花、授粉最早的花朵，结出的果实最大。

绿果初期－－植株部位：花。

描述：绿色小果开始膨大。

穗上果实大小不一，小者如豌豆。

果实初期生长增大的方式，是细胞分裂。

绿果末期－－植株部位：果。

描述：大果生长速度变缓。

果色变成淡绿。

光照较好的果，发育出红色。

新枝顶端死亡（黑点）－－植株部位：新枝。

描述：新枝的尖端死亡，新枝生长停止。

这时，新枝尖端，不再长出小嫩叶。

新枝的死亡尖端可见，是死亡的小叶片，位置在新枝最后长出的叶片基部。

蓝莓在春季有一个快速生长期，这个快速生长期结束时间为果实快要收获前。

收获期结束，一些新枝又会开始生长，进行第二次或者第三次快速生长。

生长季晚期的快速生长，通常是在土壤湿润、温度适宜的条件下发生。

（相关概念－－黑点期；转轴生长；快速生长期；果实成熟收获前的最后一次快速膨大期，蓝莓树的所有能量全部用于果实生长，绝大部分新枝、叶片停止生长，新枝顶端死亡；果实成熟收获后，长出的新枝条，容易冻坏，通常不产生花芽。

）果实变色－－植株部位：果。

描述：果穗上最老、最大的果实，开始变色，绿变粉红再变成蓝色。

果实变软。

细胞分裂停止，果实生长方式是细胞膨胀。

10%的果实成熟－－植株部位：果。

描述：果穗上一些果实成熟，树丛上大约10%的果实成熟，可以开始采摘。

25%的果实成熟75%的果实成熟花芽形成－－植株部位：新枝。

描述：收获后，蓝莓树开始存储营养，用于来年生长。

新枝可能再次生长。

在9月份、10月份，花芽开始形成。

在新枝尖端，最先形成花芽。

这些大的明显的花芽，可以用来估算来年产量。

（俺注：１、秋季，枝端的芽，开始变得肥大，叶芽分化发育为花芽。

情况较好时，枝端下方的叶芽也会分化为花芽。

２、花芽形成于叶柄基部内侧，据说，没有叶片的叶柄基部，不会形成花芽。

）秋叶颜色－－植株部位：当年新枝。

描述：生长季末期，叶片颜色改变，叶片营养回储至新枝枝干中，用于来年生长。

Growth stages tableDormant or tight bud Bud swell Early green tipPlant part: Flowerbud.Description: No visible swelling of the fruit buds. Bud scales tightly closed. No visible signs of growth.Plant part: Flowerbud.Description: First signof growth as plant growthbegins in the spring. Visibleswelling of the flower buds;Plant part: Leafbud. Description:Budscales are separating atleaf bud tips. Green leaftissue is emerging from theouter bud scales begin to separate at the tip revealing paler interior bud scales. This bud stage can usually tolerate cold temperatures of 10 to 15⁰F (-12 to -9⁰C).leaf bud tips. From 1/16 to 3/16 inch (2 to 5 mm) of green tissue is exposed. Leaves are tightly rolled.Bud break or bud burst Late green tip Tight clusterPlant part: Flowerbud.Description: Flower buds open and the individual flowers can be seen between the bud scales. Can tolerate cold temperatures of about 20⁰F (-7⁰C).Plant part: Leafbud.Description: Leavesare beginning to unfold.More green leaf tissue isvisible, ¼ to ½ inch (6 – 13mm). This stage generallyoccurs around flower budburst.Plantpart: Flower. Description:Individual flowers aredistinguishable in the flowercluster. This bud stage cantolerate 20 to 23⁰F (-7 to-5⁰C).Shoot expansion Early pink bud Late pink budPlant part: Shoot expansion.Description: Mu ltiple leaves have emerged from the vegetative buds and unfolded. Leaves are enlarging and shoot growth has begun.Plantpart: Flower.Description: Expanding flowers are readilyvisible and have separated.The pink corolla tubes(petals) are short and closed.This bud stage can tolerate23 to 25⁰F (-5 to -4⁰C).Plantpart: Flower. Description:Individual flowers fullydeveloped. Expandedcorollas are now white butstill closed. This bud stagecan tolerate 24 to 27⁰F(-4.4 to -2.8⁰C).Early bloom Full bloom Petal fallPlantpart: Flower. Description: Some of the corollas are completely expanded and open. Many flowers are still closed. The bloom stages can tolerate 25 to 28⁰F (-4 to -2.2⁰C).Plantpart: Flower. Description:Most of the flowers on the bushhave opened. The bloomstages can tolerate 28⁰ F(-2.2⁰C).Plantpart: Flower. Description:The corolla tubes are fallingoff the flowers, revealingsmall green fruit. This is themost vulnerable stage tofreeze injury. Damage canoccur at 32⁰F (0⁰C).Early green fruit Late green fruit Shoot tip set; end of shootgrowthPlantpart: Flower. Description: Small green berries are expanding. Fruit in the cluster varies from large to small pea-sized. Early fruit growth is by cell division.Plantpart: Fruit. Description:Growth of large fruit slows. Fruitbecomes pale green.Exposed fruit may develop ared blush.Plantpart: Shoot. Description:Shoot tips die and shootgrowth stops. No new smallleaves can be seenemerging from the shoottip. The dead shoot tip maybe visible as a small deadleaf at the base of the lastleaf on the shoot. InMichigan, there is typicallyone flush of growth in thespring, which ends beforeharvest. After harvest, someshoots will start growingagain, for a second or thirdgrowth flush. These latergrowth flushes usually occurwith moist soil conditionsand moderate temperatures.Fruit coloring10% Blue25% BluePlantpart: Fruit. Description:Old est, largest fruit in the cluster begin to change color from green to pink to blue. Fruit begins to soften. Cell division has stopped and fruit growth is by cell expansion.Plant part:Fruit. Description:Singleberries in the fruit clusters areripe and ready to harvest.About ten percent of thefruits, on a bush or in thefield, are ready to harvest.This stage is often used tobegin the preharvestfungicides for fruit rots.Plantpart: Fruit. Description: 25percent of the berries areripe. 25% blue oftencoincides with first handharvest of ripe berries.75% Blue Fruit bud set Fall colorPlantpart: Fruit. Description:Blu eberries are picked several times as the fruit ripens with 2 to 5 pickings. Often the first harvest is by hand and then later by machines that shake berries off the bush. 75% blue often coincides with the first of 2 machine harvests in the field.Plantpart: Shoot. Description:After harvest the blueberry bushstores reserves for nextyear’s growth. Shoot growthmay begin again. Flowerbuds for next year’s cropform in September andOctober. These flower budsform first at the shoot tips.These large, clearly visiblebuds can be used to estimatenext year’s crop potential.Plantpart: Shoot. Description: At the end of the growingseason, the leaves changecolor as nutrients aremobilized back into theshoots for growth nextspring.。