非谓语动词作状语的用法
高考英语非谓语动词作状语的用法 知识点
分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2 作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3 作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
非谓语动词作状语的用法
非谓语动词作状语的用法介绍非谓语动词是指不具有人称和数的动词形式，例如动词的不定式、动名词和现在分词。
它们在句子中常常用作状语，用来修饰或者补充说明动作或状态的情况。
本文将介绍非谓语动词作状语的用法。
不定式作状语不定式作状语常使用 to + 动词原形的形式，可以表示目的、结果、原因、方式等。
例如：- 目的：He went to the store to buy some groceries.- 结果：She ran fast to catch the bus.- 原因：I walked slowly to avoid slipping on the icy road.- 方式：He spoke softly to not disturb the sleeping baby.动名词作状语动名词作状语常使用动词 + -ing 的形式，可以表示原因、方式、条件、时间等。
例如：- 原因：She failed the test by not studying enough.- 方式：They solved the problem by working together.- 条件：You can improve your English by practicing regularly.- 时间：She finished the project by staying up all night.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语常使用动词 + -ing 的形式，可以表示原因、时间、条件等。
例如：- 原因：Feeling hungry, he decided to go out for dinner.- 时间：Waiting for the train, she listened to music.- 条件：Being late, he missed the beginning of the movie.注意事项1. 非谓语动词作状语时，要注意逻辑关系和修饰对象的一致性。
非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。
(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语
高考英语之非谓语动词作状语高考英语的状语在句中主要修饰动词，形容词和句子，非谓语作状语常表：目的，时间，条件，结果，伴随，原因，让步，方式等。
下面为大家作进一步讲解。
1.to do 作状语,常表目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。
（1）表目的，译为“为了“例如：——Ｉget some money from the bank to buy you a gift.我从银行取了些钱，为了给你买份礼物。
——To be admitted into a key university, he buried himself into study.为了被重点大学录取，他专心致志于学习。
解析：to do 放句首，表强调。
另外：in order to , so as to 也表目的状语。
So as to 不放句首。
（2）表结果，常使用only/just to do, 却…，表意料之外的不良后果。
so/such ……as to do如此……以至于, ……enough to do，足够，too……to太……而不能……结构。
例如：——She is such a lazy girl as not to pass the exam.她是如此懒一个女孩，（以至于）没有及格。
解析：so 用法为So + adj. +a/an +n. 。
such用法为such + a/an +adj.+ n. 。
too 后用法与so相同。
Enough 前常用adj. 和adv. 。
注：n. 表名词。
adj.表形容词。
adv. 表副词。
——She hurried to the station , only to be told the train had left.她匆忙赶到车站，却被告知，火车已经离开了。
解析：only to do ,表意料之外的事，此处told 与she 之间为被动关系。
（3）作原因状语，常用在表情感，态度等形容词后。
例如：happy,surprised ,sorry 等。
非谓语动词作状语的用法
非谓语动词作状语的用法XXX。
we must work hard。
Therefore。
we need to put in extra XXX.Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music。
In order to be heard over the loud music。
Mike had to raise his voice.The bus ped so as to pick up passengers。
The bus driver XXX.He got up early in order to catch the first bus。
He woke up early to make sure he could catch the first bus of the day.I went to see him last night only to find him out。
I went to see him last night。
but was surprised to find out that he was not at home.Mary is too tired to do the job。
Mary is XXX.He is old enough to go to school。
He has reached the age where he is XXX.Tom was very happy to see his mother。
When Tom saw his mother。
he was filled with joy.I was surprised to find him here。
I was taken aback when I discovered that he was present.English is an easy language to learn。
作定语和状语的非谓语动词
作定语和状语的非谓语动词一、作定语1. 不定式一般表示将来的动作。
如：He is a very nice person to talk with.Edison was the first man to invent electric lights.2. -ing分词一般表示：1) 动作正在进行。
如：a sleeping child, developing countries2) 被修饰的名词的性质、特点等。
如：an interesting story, disappointing news3) 被修饰的名词的用途、性能等。
如：a swimming pool, a reading room3. 过去分词一般表示被动动作的完成或结束。
如：a broken cup, fallen leaves试比较：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.The meeting being held tomorrow is important.The meeting held tomorrow is important.二、作状语：1. 不定式一般表示目的、结果等。
如：To learn English well, he bought many English books and tapes. (目的)He woke up to find the ground covered with snow. (结果)2.-ing分词和过去分词一般表示时间、原因、条件和伴随状况等。
如：Wandering in the street, I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. (时间)Turning left, you will get to the bookstore. (条件)Frightened at the sight, she screamed. (原因)They stood there talking about something.(伴随)试比较：He hurried to the railway station, hoping to catch the train.(伴随)He hurried to the railway station to catch the train.(目的)注：作状语时，不定式、-ing分词和过去分词的逻辑主语一般要和句子的主语一致。
非谓语做状语的用法
非谓语做状语的用法非谓语动词可以作状语有四种主要用法：1）动词现在分词和过去分词表示时间、条件方式让步或伴随的状况：这个用法中，如果句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，我们要用现在分词。
若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，就要使用过去分词或现代分词的被动式。
例：The crowd dispersed, chattering still about the shocking scene. 人群渐渐散去，路上人们还小声谈论着那惊人的场景。
2）动词不定式作目的状语：动词的不定式形式可以单独使用表目的，也可用在短语so as to do sth.或in order to do sth.之类里面。
如果这类的目的状语用在句首，通常后面需要加一个逗号隔开。
如：To win the election, he must make sure that the citizens support his vision for urban development. 想要赢得选举，他必须确保市民们支持他的城市发展愿景。
3）分词短语表示原因：非谓语动词作状语的这个用法可以置于句首，也可以放在句末，多用逗号隔开。
如：Seeing the effectiveness of mask wearing for preventing the spread of COVID, many European countries also started enforcing the use of masks. 看到戴口罩对预防新冠肺炎传播的有效性，许多欧洲国界也开始增强对口罩使用的要求。
4）不定式或现在分词表示结果：这两者分别在于不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示未曾预料或令人不愉快的，不定式前常加only；现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。
例如：He rushed to his office, only to realise that it was a public holiday. 他急忙赶到了他的办公室，才想起来那天是公共假日。
非谓语动词doing和done做状语的用法技巧
高中英语秋季班（教师版）11 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧22 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧v1.0 可编辑可修改33 / 6初三英语同步课程 秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧一、用动词的适当形式填空：非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句A.作时间状语：eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.= _______________, they couldn’t help crying.②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home.=_____________, he went home.B.作原因状语：Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad.=____________, he could not afford to travel abroad.________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder._______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away._____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost._________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.知识点讲解=_____________.C.方式/伴随状语;Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh).②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students.D.作条件状语：Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better.=______________ , I would have done the job far better.②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves.②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay.区别: 不定式表示意外的结果eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left.F.作让步状语：Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.= _____________, it cleared up very soon.②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.分词作状语时, 需注意事项:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ :____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city二、使用doing和done简化以下状语从句：44 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧1.When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。
非谓语动词作结果状语
非谓语动词作结果状语
非谓语动词作结果状语是一种修饰主句谓语动词的状语结构，表
示动作或状态所产生的结果。
常见的非谓语动词作结果状语包括分词、不定式和动名词。
1.分词作结果状语：
- Having finished his homework, he went to bed. （完成了
作业，他就去睡觉了。
）
- The car hit a tree, shattering the windshield. （小汽车
撞到了一棵树，使挡风玻璃破碎了。
）
2.不定式作结果状语：
- She worked hard to pass the exam. （她努力学习以通过考试。
）
- They came early to get good seats. （他们早早地来了，以
便找到好的座位。
）
3.动名词作结果状语：
- He lost weight by exercising regularly. （他通过定期锻炼减肥。
）
- They improved their English by speaking with native speakers. （他们通过与母语为英语的人交谈来提高英语水平。
）值得注意的是，非谓语动词作结果状语应与主句谓语动词之间具有逻辑上的因果关系。
另外，根据具体语境的需要，还可以使用其他类型的非谓语动词作结果状语，如不定式的完成式、动名词的完成式等。
非谓语动词作状语技巧
非谓语动词作状语技巧非谓语动词作状语是英语语法中的一种常见结构，通过这种结构可以更加准确地表达句子中的时间、原因、方式、目的等状语关系。
在英语写作中，灵活运用非谓语动词作状语的技巧可以使句子更加简洁、流畅和准确。
本文将介绍几种非谓语动词作状语的常见技巧，包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词。
1. 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语表示的是与主句谓语动词同时或先于主句谓语动词发生的动作或状态。
常见的现在分词作状语的结构有：现在分词+宾语、现在分词+介词短语、现在分词+时间状语等。
例如：- Walking along the street, I noticed a stray cat.（当我沿着街道走的时候，我注意到了一只流浪猫。
）- Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball.（他完成作业后，出去打篮球。
）- With the sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic.（太阳明亮地照着，我们决定去野餐。
）2. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示的是与主句谓语动词同时或先于主句谓语动词发生的动作或状态，强调被动或完成的意义。
常见的过去分词作状语的结构有：过去分词+宾语、过去分词+介词短语、过去分词+时间状语等。
例如：- Exhausted from the long journey, she went straight to bed.（因为长途旅行而疲惫不堪，她直接上床睡觉。
）- Having been invited to the party, I couldn't refuse.（因为被邀请参加派对，我不能拒绝。
）- Surprised by the sudden news, they didn't know how to react.（因为突然的消息，他们不知道如何反应。
非谓语作状语的5种形式
非谓语作状语的5种形式非谓语动词作状语主要有以下五种形式：1. 分词作状语（现在分词和过去分词）- 现在分词表示主动和进行，通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况。
- 过去分词表示被动和完成，通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况。
Example:- (现在分词) Running in the park, I found a lost wallet.- (中文翻译) 在公园跑步时，我找到了一个丢失的钱包。
- (过去分词) Given more time, I could finish the task.- (中文翻译) 如果给我更多的时间，我就能完成这个任务。
2. 不定式作状语- 表示目的、结果或原因。
Example:- (目的) To improve my English, I read books in English every day.- (中文翻译) 为了提高我的英语水平，我每天阅读英文书籍。
- (结果) He worked hard to pass the exam, only to fail.- (中文翻译) 他努力工作以通过考试，结果却失败了。
- (原因) To see her smile is to understand her happiness.- (中文翻译) 看到她的微笑就能理解她的幸福。
3. 句子作状语- 通常是一个完整的句子，用来修饰主句，表示原因、条件、时间等。
Example:- (原因) Because it was raining, we canceled the trip.- (中文翻译) 因为下雨，我们取消了旅行。
- (条件) If it rains, we will stay at home.- (中文翻译) 如果下雨，我们就待在家里。
- (时间) When the bell rings, the class will start.- (中文翻译) 当铃声响起时，课程就开始了。
非谓语动词作状语
D ______ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
A. To tie B. Tying C. Tied D. Tie
问题二 句子还是分词：如果句中有连词（and/ but / or ..），要用句子. 1) ____ C but he still could not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having been told many times C. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times 2) ____ D so he had no difficulty ( in ) understanding English. A. Because he had been in London for 3 years B. Having been in London for 3 years C. He having been in London for 3 years D. He had been in London for 3 years
e.g Going straight down the road, you will find the department store =If you go straight down the road, you will
find find the department store the department store
问题三 要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语
1) Finding her car stolen, _____. (01 上海). D A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语在成份上,非谓语动词都可以作状语.在时态上,ing表"进行",ed表"完成",在语态上,ing 表"主动",ed表"被动".在概念上,ing表"抽象,习惯",不定式表"具体,偶然,将来".非谓语动词(非谓)做状语主要就是要把握非谓与主句主语的"主被动关系"和主句"动作发生的先后顺序".一般说来,在时间上,非谓的一般式与谓语动作同时发生,完成式先于谓语动作之前发生,进行式在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行.(注意否定词not要加在非谓前)eg: They had a good time at the party, singing and dancing. (一般式)(在派对上玩和唱歌跳舞是同时的,且与主语they呈主动关系)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (完成式)(排队等了半个小时后,那个老人忽然意识到自己把支票忘在车上了."排队"这个动作发生在"意识到忘带支票之前")They seemed to be eating something that they had cooked on the fire. (进行式,常常是不定式的进行式.)二.详解1. 不定式作状语表示目的,结果,原因等.其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,如果不是则要加上其自身的主语,即独立主格结构.(ing和ed也一样).不定式要把握以下几点:*表目的用不定式 eg: To finish the work before time, we'd better ask Tom for help. 为了提前完成工作,我们最好找Tom帮忙.* 动作还没发生,将来的,用不定式.*表出乎意料的结果要用不定式.eg: 我们终于到了那里,却发现没有人在那里.In the end, we arrived there only to find nobody there. (对)In the end, we arrived there only finding nodody there. (错)现在分词在句中作结果时表示意料之中的事,而不定式表意料不到的事情.2.分词作状语形式意义ing与逻辑主语呈主动关系,与主句动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生.having done与逻辑主语为主动关系,动作发生在主句动作之前.done与逻辑主语为被动关系,动作完成.being + done 与逻辑主语为被动关系,与为主动作同时发生,一般作原因状语,放名首.having been done与逻辑主语为被动关系,先于主句动作发生.eg: Given more time, he would finish the plan. 多给些时间他就能完成计划.Getting off the bus, she saw her mother. 一下车她就看见了她妈妈.Having passed the exam, she told everybody the good news.通过了考试后,她把这个好消息告诉了每个人.Having been told many times, she still couldn't understand me.跟她说了很多次她还是不能理解我的意思.Being asked to give a speech, she didn't know how to refuse.被邀做演讲时,她不知道怎么拒绝.注:以上各点也适用于非谓语动词做其它成份的情况.混合练习(按步骤:*找主语 *找主句谓语 *判断非谓与主语的主被动关系 *比较非谓和主句动作先后,对照上表来做就不容易出错了)1 _____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. ImprovedD. Having improved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
(完整word)非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1。
主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do （为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest。
他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French. 他去法国学习法语.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路. （停下来的目的2。
作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有：to find， to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make，to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了.He woke up to find everybody gone。
他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him。
他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活. The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf。
这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school。
他到上学年龄了.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词作状语用法详解
非谓语动词作状语用法详解一、不定式作状语不定式作状语常常考查的有以下三方面知识：⒈不定式作目的状语一方面不定式可以独立作目的状语；另一方面不定式还可以用在so as(to)或in order(to)后，表示目的。
从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于句末，通常不用逗号：【名题1】(2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期中练习·26)_____their service,the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A.ImprovingB.To improveC.ImprovedD.Having improved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
不定式放于句首，说明了酒店员工积极学习英语的目的。
答案为B。
【名题2】(2003北京东城区高三总复习练习（一）·26)______time and labour,cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.A.To saveB.SavedC.SavingD.Having saved【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
不定式放于句首，说明了漫画家在画人物的手指时为什么只画三个手指和一个大拇指。
答案为A。
【名题3】(’99SHMET·18)—Mum.Why do you always make me eat an egg every day?—_______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.GetB.GettingC.To getD.To be【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况；不定式作状语多表示目的和结果。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词作状语
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语是高中英语的重要知识点之一。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，它们可以在句子中充当状语，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，起到说明动作、表达原因、目的、结果、条件等作用。
下面是对非谓语动词作状语的归纳总结。
一、不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
常见的结构有：1. 目的状语：She went to the supermarket to buy some vegetables.她去超市买蔬菜。
2. 结果状语：He studied hard to pass the exam.他努力学习以通过考试。
3. 原因状语：He hurried home to avoid the rain.他匆忙回家以避雨。
4. 条件状语：To solve the problem, we need to work together.为了解决这个问题，我们需要共同努力。
二、动名词作状语动名词作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、时间、方式等。
常见的结构有：1. 目的状语：He practices playing the piano every day to improve his skills.他每天练习弹钢琴以提高技能。
2. 结果状语：She couldn't sleep, feeling worried about the exam.她无法入睡，对考试感到担忧。
3. 原因状语：They raised their voices, shouting for help.他们提高了声音，呼救。
4. 时间状语：Walking along the street, I saw an old friend of mine.走在街上的时候，我碰见了一个老朋友。
5. 方式状语：He solved the math problem by using a different method.他用不同的方法解决了这个数学问题。
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分考点1不定式作状语Poi nt 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to或so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passe ngers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do太…而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last ni ght only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old eno ugh to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Poi nt 3作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappo in ted, excited, glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为"主语+系动词+形容词+to do ”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
I was surprised to find him here.发现他在这里我很开心。
【特另U注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expe nsive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。
En glish is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。
The book is very hard to un dersta nd. 这本书很难理解。
Poi nt 1作时间状语，常用在 whe n , while , before , si nee , as 引导的原因状语从句中。
He went through the papers while having breakfast(= while he was having breakfast). 他边吃早饭边看报纸。
When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public. 这条路在竣工后会正式通车。
Poi nt 2作原因状语，相当于 because ，si nee ，as 引导的原因状语从句。
Not un dersta nding this, he asked the teacher about.= Because he did n 'tun dersta nd this,he askedthe teacher about it.因为不理解，关于那个问题他问了老师。
Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁。
Point 3作条件状语，相当于if ， unless 引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard, you 'succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.如果努力学习，你会成功的。
Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work. 如果多给我点时间，我就能完成这项工作。
Point 4作结果状语。
常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接 thus 。
Their car was caught i n a traffic jam, thus caus ing the delay.他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了时间。
The fire lasted n early a mon th, leavi ng nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。
【特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语。
Point 5作方式或伴随状语。
He made the boy sit there, promis ing he would not hurt him.他让那个小男孩坐在那边，答应不伤害他。
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some stude nts.老师走进实验室，身后跟着一些学生。
(伴随状语)Point 6作让步状语，相当于 though ， although ， even if 等引导的让不状语从句。
Warned of the dan ger, he still went skat ing on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the dan ger, he still went skat ing on the thin ice.尽管被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。
Lack ing of mon ey, he man aged to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked mon ey, he man aged to borrow money and bought the phone.虽然缺钱，他还是设法借钱买了手机。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.被动，完成虽然被告诫过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
分考点3独立成分作状语Judg ing from his acce nt, he is from the South.从口音上判断，他是南方人。
Considering your health, you 'better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。
To tell you the truth, I 'm a little tired.说实话，我有点累。
分考点4独立主格结构作状语Point 1独立主格结构的含义、特点及构成：含义：（1）独立主格结构的主语和句子的逻辑主语不同。
（2）独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
（3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
构成：（with/without ）+n./ pron.+adj./ adv./ to do/ doing/ done/ 介词短语Point 2名词/代词+非谓语动词Weather permitti ng, we will go swimmi ng.如果天气允许，我们就去游泳。
Everything considered, the plan is better.把一切因素考虑在内的话，这项计划还算不错。
Poi nt 3 with/ without + 名词/代词+宾语补足语With all lights turned on, the buildi ng looks more beautiful.灯全亮的时候，大楼显得更婆罗门了。
He lay there thinking, with his hands beh ind his head.他双手放在头下，躺在那儿思考。
考点23 非谓语动词作定语的用法分考点1 不定式作定语。
Point 1 不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of things to do. 我有许多事要做。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上被讨论的那个问题非常重要。
Point 2 不定式放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果做定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后要加介词。
I'm not sure which restaurant to eat at. 我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。
I have no room to live in. 我没有房子住。
He has no pan to write with. 他没有钢笔写字。
Point 3 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all ，any 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到达学校，最后一个离校。
Point 4 被修饰词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语。
常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？I have no chance to go sightseeing. 我没有机会外出观光。
【特别注意】不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式。