5 电梯的安全系统

5 电梯的安全系统

Safety system of lift

为了保证电梯运行安全、可靠，电梯上设置了许多电气、机械安全保护装置。只要这些安全装置能够正常、有效地起到各自应有的作用，就一定能保证电梯和乘客的绝对安全，做到万无一失。

To ensure lift to operate safely and reliably, electrical and mechanical safety devices are mounted on lift.Good function of these safety devices will guarantee the safety of lift and passengers.

电梯应有的安全措施：

Necessary safety devices include:

1）超速保护装置（限速器、安全钳）；

Overspeed protection device, such as overspeed governor, safety gear；

2）供电系统断、错相保护（只对交流电梯有效）；

Power cut-off, phase-reverse protection, only applicable to AC lift；

3）底坑撞底缓冲器装置（油压缓冲器、弹簧缓冲器）；

Buffer in pit, such as oil buffer, spring buffer；

4）超越井道上、下极限工作位置时的保护装置（上、下终端极限）；

Protection device for upper and lower final limit in well, such as upper / lower final (terminal) limit；

5）层门联锁与轿门电气联锁装置；

Landing door interlock and car door electrical interlock ；

6）井道底坑有通道时，对重应有防止超速或断绳下落的装置（对重侧限速器、安全钳）；Counterweigh should be equipped with device which prevents overspeed or ruptured rope precipitation, such as overspeed governor and safety gear；

7）停电或电气系统故障时应有轿厢慢速移动的救援措施（紧急救援设备）；

Rescue measures (emergency rescue device) should be provided for car to move slowly in case of power off or electrical failure；

8）各类电气安全保护装置（电梯门口的光电开关等）；

Various electrical safety protection devices (electro-optical switch located at entrance to landing door)；

5-1电梯的安全链

Lift safety chain

将电梯的所有安全部件串在一起形成的安全回路俗称为电梯的安全链。图5-1为蒂森TCM 电梯的安全链，图5-2为奥的斯SPEC60电梯的安全链。

Safety chain is referred to as safety circuit connected by all safety parts. In figure 5-1 is shown safety chain of Thyssen TCM lift; in figure 5-2 safety chain of Otis SPEC60.

5-2 限速器

Overspeed governor

5-2-1 限速器功能

Overspeed governor function

限速器是检测轿厢超速的装

置，在电梯正常运行时它不

起作用，当电梯运行速度超

过其额定速度并达到一定值

（即限速器动作速度）时，

它就操纵电气开关打开急停

回路，使电动机停转并且制

动器制动，在此同时或稍后，

它将操纵安全钳动作，使轿

厢夹持在导轨上，迫使轿厢

停下来。所以限速器总是和

安全钳连用的，限速器是在

电梯超速并达到临界值时起

检测及操纵作用，而安全钳

则是在限速器操纵下强制使

轿厢停住的执行机构。

As a device to test car overspeed, overspeed governor does not function during lift normal operation. It will operate electrical switch to open emergency circuit, making motor stop and engaging brake. Simultaneously or shortly, overspeed governor will operate safety to activate, forcing car to stop by retaining it on guide rails. Therefore, overspeed governor is always used together with safety gear; the former will test and operate when lift runs at overspeed and reaches limit value, while the latter will force car