2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题The celebration of Youth Day 附文都版参考答案
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专四真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2018 English Proficiency Test for Professionals Level Four (referred to as the "Proficient Four" hereafter) is an important examination for individuals seeking to assess and demonstrate their proficiency in the English language. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2018 Proficient Four exam, including its structure and content, as well as offer reference answers for selected sections.Section One: Listening ComprehensionThe Listening Comprehension section is designed to assess candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consists of multiple-choice questions, with each question followed by three possible answers. Candidates are required to select the most suitable option based on what they hear.Sample Question:You will hear a conversation between a customer and a bank teller. What does the customer want to do?A) Open a new accountB) Apply for a mortgageC) Withdraw money from her current accountReference Answer: C) Withdraw money from her current accountSection Two: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test evaluates candidates' understanding and command of vocabulary and grammar. In this section, candidates need to fill in the gaps in a provided passage with the appropriate words or phrases. The passage is typically related to everyday life or general knowledge.Sample Passage:(Paragraph 1)Life is full of opportunities that require individuals to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, relocating to a different city, or starting a family, change is inevitable and often necessary for personal growth.(Paragraph 2)However, many individuals tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown. They may feel comfortable remaining within familiar boundaries, but this can hinder their development and limit their potential. Stepping beyond these self-imposed limitations can lead to new experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.Reference Answer (one possible answer):(Paragraph 1)Life is full of opportunities that require individuals to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, relocating to a different city, or starting a family, change is inevitable and often necessary for personal growth.(Paragraph 2)However, many individuals tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown. They may feel comfortable remaining within familiar boundaries, but this can hinder their development and limit their potential. Stepping beyond these self-imposed limitations can lead to new experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.Section Three: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section aims to assess candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. It comprises multiple-choice questions based on a variety of reading passages, including newspaper articles, opinion pieces, and academic essays.Sample Question:According to the passage, what is the main cause of environmental pollution?A) Industrial emissionsB) UrbanizationC) DeforestationReference Answer: A) Industrial emissionsSection Four: WritingThe Writing section evaluates candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently in written English. There are typically two tasks: an essay and a letter or email. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize their thoughts, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and convey a logical argument or message.Sample Task 1: EssayWrite an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media in today's society.Sample Reference Answer (one possible approach):In the era of technological advancement, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. It offers numerous advantages, such as facilitating communication, information sharing, and networking. On the other hand, it also has its drawbacks, including privacy concerns and the potential for misinformation. This essay will explore both the positive and negative aspects of social media and present a balanced perspective.Sample Task 2: EmailWrite an email to your professor requesting an extension for your assignment due to unforeseen circumstances.Sample Reference Answer:Dear Professor,I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to discuss a matter regarding the assignment due tomorrow. Unfortunately, I have encountered unforeseen circumstances that have significantly disrupted my ability to complete the task on time. I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly grant me an extension of two days.Thank you for your understanding, and I apologize for any inconvenience caused.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]Conclusion:The 2018 English Proficiency Test for Professionals Level Four is a comprehensive examination that assesses candidates' language skills in various areas, including listening, reading, writing, and vocabulary. The sample questions and reference answers provided above aim to assist candidates in their preparation for this exam. Remember to practice regularly, seek additional resources, and familiarize yourself with the exam structure to maximize your chances of success. Good luck!。
2018四级考试和答案
2018四级考试和答案2018年大学英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic "The Importance of Reading Classics". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【范文】The Importance of Reading ClassicsReading classics is of great significance to us. Firstly, it allows us to gain knowledge and wisdom from the past. Classics are the crystallization of human wisdom, and they provide us with a wealth of knowledge and experience. By reading classics, we can learn from the past and avoid repeating the same mistakes.Secondly, reading classics helps us to improve our language skills. Classics are often written in a beautiful and eloquent language, whichcan help us to enhance our language proficiency and express ourselves more effectively.Lastly, reading classics can cultivate our character and temperament. Many classics contain profound thoughts and ideas, which can inspire us to think deeply and become better individuals.In conclusion, reading classics is of great importance to us. It not only enriches our knowledge and wisdom but also helps us to improve our language skills and cultivate our character.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new species of dinosaurs.B) A newly discovered dinosaur fossil.C) A new theory about dinosaur extinction.D) A new discovery about dinosaur habits.2. What did the scientists discover from the fossil?A) The dinosaur's age.B) The dinosaur's cause of death.C) The dinosaur's living environment.D) The dinosaur's diet.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What is the main topic of the news report?A) A new policy on immigration.B) A new law on environmental protection.C) A new regulation on wildlife trade.D) A new initiative on public health.4. What was the immediate effect of the policy?A) A decrease in illegal wildlife trade.B) An increase in wildlife protection efforts.C) A rise in public awareness of wildlife issues.D) A drop in the number of endangered species.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new technology for solar energy.B) A new method for energy conservation.C) A new discovery in renewable energy.D) A new approach to energy production.6. What is the advantage of the new technology?A) It is cost-effective.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is highly efficient.D) It is widely applicable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Conversation One7. What is the man's problem?A) He can't find his appointment.B) He can't make an appointment.C) He can't cancel his appointment.D) He can't change his appointment.8. What does the woman suggest the man do?A) Call the doctor's office.B) Wait for the next available appointment.C) Visit the doctor's office in person.D) Reschedule his appointment online.9. What is the man's concern?A) He might miss his appointment.B) He might have to pay a fee.C) He might not be able to see the doctor.D) He might have to wait a long time.10. What will the woman do for the man?A) She will call the doctor's office.B) She will find another doctor for him.C) She will help him make a new appointment.D) She will check if there is a cancellation. Conversation Two11. What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A) It is too strict.B) It is too lenient.C) It is fair.D) It is unnecessary.12. What does the man think about the new policy?A) It is effective.B) It is too harsh.C) It is reasonable.D) It is too lenient.13. What is the woman's concern about the new policy?A) It might lead to more cheating.B) It might cause more stress.C) It might lead to more complaints.D) It might cause more confusion.14. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Talk to the professor.B) Ignore the new policy.C) Voice her concerns.D) Follow the new policy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Passage One15. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.16. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.17. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Two18. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The impact of technology on education.B) The role of technology in the workplace.C) The influence of technology on communication.D) The effects of technology on society.19. What does the passage suggest about technology?A) It has both positive and negative effects.B) It has completely changed the world.C) It has made life easier and more convenient.D) It has made life more complex and challenging.20. What is the author's opinion about technology?A) It is a double-edged sword.B) It is a necessary evil.C) It is a force for good.D) It is a threat to society.Passage Three21. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.22. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.23. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.24. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the correct word.PassageThe world is full of people who are (25) _______ to achieve great things but never do. They have plenty of (26) _______ and ability, but they are (27) _______ by their lack of ambition. They are (28) _______ to settle for mediocrity. They are (29) _______ to be content with the status quo. They are (30) _______ to take risks. They are (31) _______ to make sacrifices. They are (32) _______ to put in the hard work required to achieve success.The (33) _______ is that success is not easy. It requires (34)_______ and effort. It requires (35) _______ and determination. But itis (36) _______ that success is possible. With the right mindset and the willingness to (37) _______, anyone can achieve great things.25. A) capable B) willing C) eager D) ready26. A) dreams B) goals C) plans D) ideas27. A) limited B) held C) trapped D) confined28. A) content B) willing C) eager D) ready29. A) happy B) willing C) eager D) ready30. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant31. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant32. A) unable B) unwilling C) incapable D) unfit33. A) truth B) fact C) reality D) situation34. A) time B) money C) energy D) resources35. A) focus B) discipline C) organization D) structure36. A) certain B) possible C) likely D) probable37. A) try B) work C) strive D) fightSection BDirections: In this section, you will read three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information provided in the passage.Passage One38. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of self-confidence.B) The role of self-confidence in success.C) The relationship between self-confidence and success.D) The impact of self-confidence on personal growth.39. According to the passage, what is the first step to building self-confidence?A) Setting realistic goals.B) Taking action towards your goals.C) Believing in your abilities.D) Seeking feedback from others.40. What is the relationship between self-confidence and success?A) Self-confidence is a result of success.B) Success is a result of self-confidence.C) Self-confidence and success are unrelated.D) Self-confidence and success are interdependent.Passage Two41. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.42. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.43. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Three44. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.45. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.46. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.47. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国变得越来越流行。
专四英语18年真题试卷
专四英语18年真题试卷Title: The Importance of the 2018 TEM-4 English ExamThe 2018 TEM-4 English exam is a significant milestone for many students in China. This exam is not only a test of English proficiency but also a reflection of the hard work and dedication of students who have been preparing for it. As a result, it is important to acknowledge the significance of this exam and the impact it has on the lives of students.First and foremost, the 2018 TEM-4 English exam is crucial for students who are looking to further their education or pursue a career in an English-speaking country. Many universities and employers require a certain level of English proficiency, and the TEM-4 exam serves as a standardized measure of this proficiency. Therefore, performing well on this exam can open up opportunities for students to study abroad or secure a job in an international company. Furthermore, the 2018 TEM-4 English exam is a testament to the hard work and dedication of students. Many students spend months, if not years, preparing for this exam, often sacrificing their free time and leisure activities to study. The exam serves as a culmination of their efforts and represents their commitment to improving their English skills. For many students, the results of the TEM-4 exam can be a source of pride and validation for their hard work.In addition, the 2018 TEM-4 English exam plays a role in promoting the importance of English proficiency in China. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the ability to communicate in English is becoming more andmore essential. By emphasizing the importance of the TEM-4 exam, it sends a message to students that English proficiency is a valuable skill that can open doors to a wide range of opportunities.In conclusion, the 2018 TEM-4 English exam is an important milestone for students in China. It not only serves as a measure of English proficiency but also as a reflection of the hard work and dedication of students. By acknowledging the significance of this exam, we can appreciate the impact it has on the lives of students and the importance of English proficiency in today's globalized world.。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷1)及答案解析
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷1）及答案解析英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上.第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7。
5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A。
£19。
15。
B。
£ 9。
18。
C。
£ 9.15。
答案是C。
1. What will James do tomorrow？A。
Watch a TV program. B. Give atalk. C. Write a report。
2. What can we say about the woman?A。
She's generous。
B. She’s curious.C。
She’s helpful.3。
When does the train leave?A. At 6：30。
B。
At 8：30。
C. At 10：304. How does the woman go to work？A。
By car B。
On foot C。
By bike。
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A。
Classmates。
B。
Teacher and student. C。
Doctor and patient。
第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分.满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟,听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料,回答第6、7题6。
2018年11月17日四级口语考试真题
2018年11月17日四级口语考试真题流程：Task 1 Self-introduction （20秒，4-5句话）Task 2 Read aloud (45秒熟悉文本，1分钟朗读)Answer two questions （每小题20分钟准备时间）Task 3 Individual presentation(45秒准备，1分钟回答)Task 4 Pair work （1分钟准备，3分钟对话）出题规律：1.今天的话题除了第一个是抽象点的调查主题，有很多新词，其余话题都接近学生校园生活。
2.就文章提问的第一题都能在文章找到对应原话，答案在第一句的情况很多，几乎都是文章的主题。
3. 就文章提问的第二题都是将主题跟自己的生活联系来回答。
4. 个人陈述部分，一般就文章相关主题进行拓展，话题更大更广一点。
5. 对话部分都是讲前面的主题运用于实践，设计活动，都是从六要素来设计问题的（谁参加活动，在哪里举行，什么时候举行，活动内容是什么？怎样推广你的活动？等）学生今天的问题：1.语音不太准确，自我介绍中几乎都会说到来自湖南理工学院，但是几乎没有人说对这几个单词，还有专业也表达不清。
2.没有听清楚指令，有些同学没注意听到“哔”的声音就开始说话，是无效的，没分清楚准备时间和答题时间3.有点紧张，最后对话没有回答到点子上4.语言组织没有逻辑性，不够精炼，时间到了还没说出重点教学建议：1.自我介绍精简，发音准确2.回答问题注意逻辑性，语言精练，引导学生进行多角度思考3.活动设计的六要素指导Topic 1Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on the function of surveyQuestions:Q1. What is the function of survey?Q2. What are different ways of survey?Task 3: Individual presentation“The importance of investigation in decision-making”Task 4: Pair workDesign a survey on reading among youngsters( What ? who? Where? When? Why? How?)Topic 2Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on the benefits of singingQuestions:Q1. Why is singing beneficial?Q2. Do you like singing? Why?Task 3: Individual presentation“What kind of ways can keep us fit?”Task 4: Pair workOrganize a singing contest (where? When? Who? Participants, judges, awards)Topic 3Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on lost-and-found officeQuestions:Q1. What are the functions of lost-and-found offices?Q2. When you have lost something? What will you do?Task 3: Individual presentation“Are there any other service available on campus?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a lost-and-found service on campus ( what? When? Where? How?) T opic 4Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on public speakingQuestions:Q1. What are the functions of public speaking?Q2. Do you think you are a good public speaker? why?Task 3: Individual presentation“How to develop the abilities of a good speaker?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a talking ( who? What? When? Where? How?)Topic 5Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on youthQuestions:Q1. What does youth mean to us?Q2. Do you enjoy your childhood? why?Task 3: Individual presentation“How to best use your youth?”Task 4: Pair workArrange an activity for Youth Day ( who? What? When? Where? How?) T opic 6Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on giving cupboardQuestions:Q1. What does the author do with giving cupboard?Q2. When someone needs help, what can you do?Task 3: Individual presentation“The importance of helping each other?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a group activity (who? What? When? Where? How?) Topic 7Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on internet languageQuestions:Q1. Why do people use contractions and informal language online?Q2. Do you like chatting online? why?Task 3: Individual presentation“How does internet change our life?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a debate on internet languge (who? What? When? Where? How?)。
年11月大学英语四六级口语考试演练真题.doc
2018年11月大学英语四六级口语考试演练真题2018年11月大学英语四六级口语考试演练真题大学英语六级口语考试真题演练英语如何使自己学业优异的讨论。
小组讨论：How to make better in academic achievement?A: Hi, how about your study? How about your latest exam? I r really worry about my scores! It is a question how to get better in academic achievement!B: Oh, of course, achievement is everything! Especially in recently, my sister has encountered many difficulties in study!A: Really? That is a question! Personally speaking, learning knowledge is a matter in need of time and diligence. Last term, I spent two months in library of our university to study my major courses!B: Yes, I can t agree more, study is tired and tedious, but it contributes a lot to our future achievements in work and career. Only with diligence and patience can we achieve more goals in our study.A:Yes, with the widespread of internet, many also choose computers as their major media to learn more knowledge .B: How wonderful! Let s go to library to search more materials to improve us.大学英语四级口语考试真题演练讨论图书这个话题的小组讨论A: what kind of book do you like, Liming?B: I usually read all kinds of books such like history, scientific, novels and so on, but books related history is my best.A: oh, really? But why do you like reading history books?B: in my opinion, from history, i can learn so many old Chinese cultures that i don t know before and from history books, i understand a country s past, which is really strange. In addition, there are so many hero s story that is interesting. I also want to be a hero. Hahaha...A: it sounds interesting,B:yeah, but, what kind of books do you like to read?A:emmm... I am not very interested history, however, i am really like reading novels. Because i always imagine that i am the protagonist, and i also go through the same life with that in the story. It is really attractive.B: i also read novels sometimes, i don t like it and dislike it, i regard novels as a kind of relaxation. By the way, generally, what way do you buy book? Because i want to buy some books that is difficult to find.A: maybe i can give you some suggestion. I like buying books online and i know a online store named Shuwu where has all kinds of books, you can have a try to look for the book you want in that store.B: that s great, thank you very much, but i never use online shopping before, so i don t know how to buy goods on internet? Can you teach me?A: of course, don s worry, it really so easy, now, we can go to library to find a computer and i will teach youB: thanks very much, let s go.。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英語專業四級考試真題及參考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(長生不老藥) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
6、2018年11月四级口语考试第五场真题-青春
2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题—青春来源：文都教育今天是2018年11月17日，大学英语四级口语考试正式拉开序幕。
有些考生在听，读和写等方面得心应手，而一到口语就不知所措，不知道说什么和怎么说。
口语考试并不是什么难事，只要考生多说多练，就能在考场上发挥自如。
为了帮助考生们在四级口语考试中获得较为满意的成绩，文都四六级英语老师在此为考生提供口语考试小提示，以期能对考生们有所帮助。
本场个人陈述的主题为“青春”，青春是文人墨客经常谈到的话题，不论青春是美好的还是痛苦的，都是人生中最美好的记忆。
那么接下来，我们来看一下就“青春”这一主题展开的常用表述：“Youth Life”is a topic frequently mentioned. Whenever it comes to the youth, many people feel sad about it. However, from my perspective, youth life is the most wonderful period in one’s life. Although we feel heart-broken sometimes, we laugh more and grow up through these painful experiences. In a word, we are still young and should seize the moment. As a college student in a new era, we are supposed to cherish the youth, which means seizing every minute to learn, reading good books, learning every bit of knowledge. Idling about all day is not the thing we should do. Instead, finding the goal of our life and achieving it are what matters. Although youth elapses fast, we can also seize it.以上，就是文都四六级英语老师就“青春”这一话题给考生提供的个人陈述模板，希望考生能从中获益。
(完整word版)2018年英语专四试题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to checkyour work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B. Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D. The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese.B. Polish.C. Punjabi.D. Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade.B. To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C. To improve the education system.D. To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction.B. It makes you more confident.C. It gives you an advantage.D. It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates.B. Schoolmates.C. Teacher and student.D. Brother and sister.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event.B. An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million.B. One in four million.C. One in fourteen million.D. One in forty million.8. A. Future events.B. Catastrophic events.C. Small-scale disasters.D. Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air.B. Riding a bicycle.C. Catching bird flu.D. Smoking cigarettes.10.A. They get pleasure from risks.B. They can control potential risks.C. They can assess danger from risks.D. They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popularresource for students looking to apply to a university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13.He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a viewof ______ mountains behind the apple orchard.A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC.Virginia hazy blueD.Virginia blue hazy15.I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football,as killing and maiming ______.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17.At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitivematerial is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB.its basicC.the most basicD.the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed hername from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn”is used ______.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphoricalmeaning?A.I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C.This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terriblybehind.D.I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses ______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first broughtto ______, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22.______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of rawmaterials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she “has no ______ of giving anyauthorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually ______ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rootedin what we considered beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesposesD.constructs26.The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra27.The teachers’union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling forrepairing “deplorable” school conditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filledst March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to moviepremieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30.A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysisof worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing – holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weapons of influence around us – the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in ______ (33), what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a ______ (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By ______ (36) of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged”has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligation that ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______ (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By “freedom,”Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a chance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the US.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find thisa harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41.Para. 4 seems to suggest that _______.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explainingAmerican values?parison.B.Cause and effect.C.Definition.D.Process analysis.PASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and – perhaps most importantly – peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3) The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films –now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with “The Da Vinci Code”for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist –each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, put animals in glass cases or – this year – build a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange – sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win “patronage” from rich people – a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies.(9) Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells slots more records.(11) Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits – but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question – how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, theGolden Globes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)?A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held of all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in thepast and those at present lies in _______.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentence. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.”He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gazewas fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will –as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: “free, free, free!”The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upona fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him – sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15) “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. “Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door –you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven’s sake open the door.”(17) “Go away. I am not making myself ill.” No; she was drinking in a very elixir（长生不老药）of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella.He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease – of the joy that kills.48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband’s death?A.Her husband’s friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she _______.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for a whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamental?PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as theNobels.” according to Para. 2?53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease – of joy that kills.What do you think is the real cause of her death?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200 words, in which you should:•summarize the main message of the report, and then•comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival’s Director.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.----THE END----。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英語專業四級考試真題与參考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to helppeople who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result?The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the cloudsthat had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(長生不老藥) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards'quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental? Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018年四级试卷完整版
2018年四级试卷完整版第一部分：听力理解（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）Part I: Listening Comprehension (20 questions, 1 point each, total 20 points)本部分共有20个小题，你将听到一段对话和两篇独白，每段对话和独白听两遍。
请根据听到的内容选择正确答案。
1. A. Taking a photograph. B. Reading a book. C. Watching a movie. D.Listening to music.2. A. In a library. B. In a coffee shop. C. In a bookstore. D. In a classroom.3. A. 3 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 5 hours. D. 6 hours.4. A. In a hotel. B. In a restaurant. C. In a travel agency. D. In a post office.5. A. A new teacher. B. A new student. C. A new employee. D. A newcustomer.（以下省略）第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）Part II: Reading Comprehension (20 questions, 2 points each, total 40 points)本部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。
请根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Passage 1 Many students choose to study abroad for various reasons. Studying abroad allows students to experience a different culture, develop independence, and enhance their language skills. However, studying abroad can also be challenging. Students may have to adapt to a new education system, make new friends, and deal with homesickness.6.What are some benefits of studying abroad? A. Experiencing adifferent culture. B. Developing independence. C. Enhancing language skills. D.All of the above.7.What is one challenge of studying abroad? A. Adapting to a neweducation system. B. Making new friends. C. Dealing with homesickness. D. All of the above.（以下省略）第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）Part III: Writing (2 sections, total 40 points)本部分共有两节。
2018年英语专四真题试题册
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work..The Linguistic Gift of BabiesCritical ageDecline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age of (1) ______ (1)________ Lab workResearch focus:●How babies learn (2) ______ in the first critical period (2)________ Research aims:●Developing a model for babies in their critical periods of—language acquisition—social, emotional and (3) ______ development (3)________ Research process:●Babies need to listen.●They are trained to turn their heads when (4) ______ (4)________ ● A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.Participants:●(5) ______ babies (5)________ Results:●Babies can (6) ______ of all languages. (6)________ ●Babies become language-bound before (7) ______ (7)________—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies--6 to 8 months old: (8) ______ (8)________ --two months later: (9) ______ (9)________ ●Two events during the critical two months—(10) ______ when listening to a language (10)_______ —change of babies’ brains when distributions growConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of the conversion, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B. Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D. The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese. B. Polish. C. Punjabi. D. Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade. B. To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C. To improve the education system.D. To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction. B. It makes you more confident.C. It gives you an advantage.D. It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates. B. Schoolmates. C. Teacher and student. D. Brother and sister. Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event. B. An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million. B. One in four million.C. One in fourteen million.D. One in forty million.8. A. Future events. B. Catastrophic events. C. Small-scale disasters. D. Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air. B. Riding a bicycle. C. Catching bird flu. D. Smoking cigarettes.10. A. They get pleasure from risks. B. They can control potential risks.C. They can assess danger from risks.D. They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource forstudents looking to apply to a university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming______.A.warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is alteredwhen exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from thedeed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used ______.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud ofwhat has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ______, theirlawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22. ______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB.buoyC.offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no ______ of giving any authorization to anyone toproceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25. What actually ______ a good angle—or a good selfie overall—is rooted in what we consideredbeautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to itsunique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’ union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeologicalteam.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwidereported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word onsample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing – holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never metnor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weapons of influence around us –the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in ______ (33), what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a ______ (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By ______ (36) of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English lan guage but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligation that ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______ (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By “freedom,”Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a chance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the US.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has beenboth necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para. 4 seems to suggest that ________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. Comparison.B. Cause and effect.C. Definition.D. Process analysis. PASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and – perhaps most importantly – peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3) The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films – now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with “The Da Vinci Code” for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist – each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, put animals in glass cases or – this year – build a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t onl y exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Y ear. This seems very strange –sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win “patronage” from rich people – a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies.(9) Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells slots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in ________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popular PASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing thatwas approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: \had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. “Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door.”(17) “Go away. I am not making myself ill.” No, she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Springs days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. What does This in Para. 2 refer to?PASSAGE TWO52. Why did Fisher have to battle in the courts after he found the treasure (Para. 4)?51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease—of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?PART V WRITING [45 MIN] Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:●summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then●comment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.—THE END—2018年英语专业四级(TEM4) 听力原文Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSION—SECTION A TALKThe Linguistic Gift of Babies 婴儿的语言天赋Good morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.大家早上好。
2018年华研英语专四作文真题及范文
2018年华研英语专四作文真题及范文English:Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, people are increasingly relying on electronic devices such as smartphones and laptops in their daily lives. While technology has undoubtedly brought many conveniences, it has also posed various challenges, particularly in terms of privacy and security. For instance, the rise of social media platforms and online shopping has led to increased concerns about data privacy and cyber threats. In addition, the growing use of facial recognition technology and surveillance cameras has raised debates about personal privacy and government surveillance. Therefore, it is important for individuals to be aware of these risks and take necessary precautions to protect their personal information and privacy in the digital age.Translated content:如今，随着技术的快速发展，人们在日常生活中越来越依赖诸如智能手机和笔记本电脑等电子设备。
2018年11月英语四级口语考试题目
2018年11月英语四级口语考试题目"个人陈述"和"两人互动"的部分考题包括：第一场个人陈述：the importance of the investigation in making decision讨论问题：the aim of the survey(?), the question to the survey, the way to conduct survey.第二场个人陈述：how to keep fit讨论问题：contestants to participate, time and place for the contest, judges and awards.第三场个人陈述：various services on available campus讨论问题：1. where to set up the office and why.2. who to look after the office.3. how to raise money for the service.第四场个人陈述：how to develop the ability of public speaking讨论问题：1. who to invite and why2. when and where to give the talk3. how to publicize the event第五场个人陈述：how to best spend your youth years讨论问题：an activity to be organized for celebration time and place for the activity; participants in the activity...第六场个人陈述：helping each other讨论问题：activities to carry out...第七场个人陈述：how does technology change people's lives讨论问题：……第八场个人陈述：the importance of protecting birds讨论问题：how to protect birds;how to let people know the importance of protecting the birds;how to raise money to protect birds.第九场个人陈述：the importance of sleep讨论问题：invite doctor to give a speech (who/when/where) 第十场个人陈述：How to eliminate generation gap讨论问题：......第十一场个人陈述：The importance of visiting museum。
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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. Duringthe first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. Forthe second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during thistime you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, youmay look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You mayuse the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B.Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C.The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D.The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese.B.Polish.C.Punjabi.D.Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade.B.To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C.To improve the education system.D.To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction.B.It makes you more confident.C.It gives you an advantage.D.It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacher and student.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event.B.An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million.B.One in four million.C.One in fourteen million.D.One in forty million.8. A. Future events.B.Catastrophic events.C.Small-scale disasters.D.Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air.B.Riding a bicycle.C.Catching bird flu.D.Smoking cigarettes.10. A. They get pleasure from risks.B.They can control potential risks.C.They can assess danger from risks.D.They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE[10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource forstudents looking to apply to a university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13.He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______mountains behind the apple orchard.A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC.Virginia hazy blueD.Virginia blue hazy15.I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming______.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17. At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material isaltered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB.its basicC.the most basicD.the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from thedeed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used ______.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind.D.I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proudof what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses ______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ______,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trial22.______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she “has no ______ of giving any authorization to anyoneto proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually ______ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what weconsidered beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesposesD.constructs26.The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanksto its unique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra27. The teachers’union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing“deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedst March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwidereported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards toa sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing –holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had nevermet nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weapons of influence around us –the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in______ (33), what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthdaywith a gift of our own; if a ______ (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them toone of ours. By ______ (36) of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repaymentof favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receiptof such things that a term like “much obliged ”has become a synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligation that ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______ (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis wason the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By “freedom,”Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, orany other organized authority.(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a chance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developedin the US.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5)A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty ”where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the Americancharacter and how it affects life in the United States.41.Para. 4 seems to suggest that _______.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?parison.B.Cause and effect.C.Definition.D.Process analysis.PASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and–perhaps most importantly–peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for thesame thing.(4) But it ’s not only films–now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with “The Da Vinci Code ”for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist –each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, put animals in glass cases or –this year –build a garden shed.(5)Awards don ’tonly exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange –sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don ’tmake a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’tshort of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high schoolor got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win “patronage”from rich people–a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now eitherfunded by the government or by private companies.(9)Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more peoplewill go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells slots more records.(11)Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits–but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12)On the surface, it seems to be a “win-win ”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question –how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globesand Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)?A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held of all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and thoseat present lies in _______.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentence. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s name leading the list of “killed. ”He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that hadmet and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will –as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: “free, free, free! ”The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her(13)There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him –sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploringfor admission. “Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door –you will make yourself ill. Whatare you doing, Louise? For heaven ’s sake open the door.”(17) “Go away. I am not making myself ill. ”No; she was drinking in a very elixir （长生不老药） of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards ’quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease –of the joy that kills.48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband ’s death?A.Her husband’s friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she _______.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for a whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” accordingto Para. 2?53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in the room?55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease –of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?PART VI WRITING[45 MIN]Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:summarize the main message of the report, and thencomment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival ’s Director.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report exposed the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International–the global movement for tribal peoples’rights –reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from“protected areas,”since “protected areas”like national parks should generally be “no go” for mining, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.Survival ’s report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of “conservation”, tribal peoples are being “illegally driven out”from these lands and accused of “poaching ”; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big-game hunters are welcomed in.Bushman Dauqoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, “I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why? Because we know how to take care of animals. ”Survival ’s report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shake-up. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal people ’s rights to their lands, listen to them, and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survival ’s Director Stephen Corry said, “Millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environment ’s in deepening crisis. It ’s time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it ’s much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples ’rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it ’s they, themselves, who are junior partners. ”----THE END----。
2018部分专四真题参考题答案
Individual freedom
2021/10/10
9
PASSAGE TWO 52. What can be inferred from the sentence ‘*Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according to Para. 2?
(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully.
(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. (13) There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. (17)“Go away. I am not making myself ill.” No; she was drinking in a very elixir (长生不老药）of life through that open window.
(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom. (20) Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife. (21) But Richards was too late. (22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease of joy that kills.
专业英语四级真题2018年
专业英语四级真题2018年(总分：99.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART Ⅰ DICTATION(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：[听力原文]Emotional Reaction to MusicNo matter who you are, where you live / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can"t experience pleasure at all. / They don"t have trouble hearing music properly either. / Instead, they are just indifferent to music. / Researches have conducted studies to find out / why some people have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains.二、PA RT Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、SECTION A TALK(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Linguistic Gift of BabiesCritical ageDecline of babies" language learning ability occurs at the age of 1Lab workResearch focus:● How babies learn 2 in the first critical periodResearch aims:● developing a model for babies in their critical periods of—language acquisition—social, emotional and 3 developmentResearch process:● Babies need to listen.● They are trained to turn their heads when 4 .● A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.Participants:● 5 babiesResults:● Babies can 6 of all languages.● Babies become language-bound before 7 .—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies- 6 to 8 months old: 8- two months later: 9● Two events during the critical two months— 10 when listening to a language—change of babies" brains when distributions growConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.The Linguistic Gift of BabiesCritical ageDecline of babies" language learning ability occurs at the age of 1Lab workResearch focus:● How babies learn 2 in the first critical periodResearch aims:● developing a model for babies in their critical periods of—language acquisition—social, emotional and 3 developmentResearch process:● Babies need to listen.● They are trained to turn their heads when 4 .● A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.Participants:● 5 babiesResults:● Babies can 6 of all languages.● Babies become language-bound before 7 .—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies- 6 to 8 months old: 8- two months later: 9● Two events during the critical two months— 10 when listening to a language—change of babies" brains when distributions growConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.（分数：10.00）解析：seven [听力原文]The Linguistic Gift of BabiesGood morning everyone, in today"s lecture I"m going to talk about something you can"t see. That is what"s going on in the little brain of a baby. For example, how babies learn a language. It is always a question people show great interest in. Babies and children are geniuses until theyturn seven, and then there"s a systematic decline.Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language. We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we"ll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development. So we"ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment. During our experiment, the baby usually a six-monther sits on a parent"s lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes —like from "ah" to "ee". If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.What have we learned? Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizens of the world". They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we"re testing and what language we"re using, and that"s remarkable because you know I can"t do that. We"re culture-bound listeners. We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages. So the question arises: when do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are? And the answer: before their first birthdays.What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listen to the "ra" and "la"—sounds important to English, but not to Japanese. So at six to eight months the babies are totally equivalent. Two months later something, something incredible, occurs. The babies in the United States are getting a lot better, while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.So the question is. what"s happening during this critical two-month period? We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what"s going on up there? Maybe there are two things going on. The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they"re taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they"re taking statistics. That is to say the two babies listen to their own mothers speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids. During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they"re doing is taking statistics that is sound distribution on the language that they hear. And those sound distributions grow. And babies observe more. And what we"ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. I mean the sound distribution of both languages is different. So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are. Because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.In this case, of course, we"re arguing that the learning of a language material may slow down when audible distribution stabilize. Ok, today we just talk about a recent project on babies" language development. In our next lecture, we"ll concentrate on bilingual people. How bilinguals keep two sides of statistics in mind at once?[解析] Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there"s a systematic decline. (第一段最后一句)题干要求填写at the age of ---|||________|||---。
2018英语专四试题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART I DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B. Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D. The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese.B. Polish.C. Punjabi.D. Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade.B. To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C. To improve the education system.D. To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction.B. It makes you more confident.C. It gives you an advantage.D. It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates.B. Schoolmates.C. Teacher and student.D. Brother and sister.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event.B. An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million.B. One in four million.C. One in fourteen million.D. One in forty million.8. A. Future events.B. Catastrophic events.C. Small-scale disasters.D. Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air.B. Riding a bicycle.C. Catching bird flu.D. Smoking cigarettes.10. A. They get pleasure from risks.B. They can control potential risks.C. They can assess danger from risks.D. They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for studentslooking to apply to a university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13.He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______ mountainsbehind the apple orchard.A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC.Virginia hazy blueD.Virginia blue hazy15.I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming______.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17.At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is alteredwhen exposed to light.A.its most basicB.its basicC.the most basicD.the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed.The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used ______.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C.This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D.I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud ofwhat has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses ______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ______, theirlawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22.______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticizedfor his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she “has no ______ of giving any authorization to anyone toproceed with a divorce.”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually ______ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consideredbeautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesposesD.constructs26.The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to itsunique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra27.The teachers’ union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” schoolconditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filledst March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeologicalteam.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwidereported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing – holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weapons of influence around us –the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in ______ (33), what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a ______ (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By ______ (36) of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligation that ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______ (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By “freedom,” Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a chance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the US.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty” where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches” bec ame a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41.Para. 4 seems to suggest that _______.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?parison.B.Cause and effect.C.Definition.D.Process analysis.PASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and – perhaps most importantly – peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3) The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films – now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with “The Da Vinci Code” for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist – each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, put animals in glass cases or – this year – build a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange – sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win “patronage” from rich people –a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies.(9) Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells slots more records.(11) Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits – but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question – how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)?A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held of all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in _______.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentence. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she we nt away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down bya physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except whena sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certainstrength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will – as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: “free, free, free!” The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him – sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15) “Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. “Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door –you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven’s sake open the door.”(17) “Go away. I am not making myself ill.” No; she was drinking in a very elixir（长生不老药）of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been on e. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease – of the joy that kills.48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband’s death?A.Her husband’s friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she _______.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for a whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease – of joy that kills. What do you think is thereal cause of her death?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN200 words, in which you should:•summarize the main message of the report, and then•comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival’s Director.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.----THE END----。
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2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题：庆祝青年节
来源：文都教育
今天是2018年11月17日，大学英语四级口语考试也如期而至。
口语考试的时候往往是许多考生最为紧张的时刻，不过口语考试并不是什么洪水猛兽，只要稍加练习，做到有话可说，就不会在考场上出现尴尬的场面。
为了帮助大家顺利通过四级口语考试，文都四六级英语老师将会为各位考生提供最贴心的口语考试小提示，希望能够对各位同学有所帮助。
本场对话的主题为“庆祝青年节”，五四青年节是青年人的一个重要的节日，这一天往往会举办社会实践活动，诗歌朗诵和晚会来纪念这个节日。
那么接下来，我们来看一下就“庆祝青年节”这一主题展开的一些常用的表述：
The celebration of Y outh Day
A: Hi, Cecelia, the Youth Day is coming. Do you know something about it?
B: Sure, Kathy. The Youth Day falls on the May 4th, and it is an important festival in China.
A: What about the origin of the festival?
B: Well, it comes from May 4th Movement launched by Beijing students in 1919, which marks the beginning of the new democratic revolution, so this festival was established to memorize the movement. People, especially the young, often participate in all sorts of activities to celebrate it. How will you spend the day?
A: I am a member of youth volunteers in our school. As usual, we will organize some social practice activities, for example, in this year we will advocate students to do the rural practice, such as cleaning, experiencing farm work and doing housework, so that the youth can learn that today's happy life is not easily won.
B: That is meaningful, today’s youth should really cherish their life. I will take part in a Poetry Reciting Competition and my topic is “The Youth”, praising the vigor and warm blood of the youth.
A: Good luck! By the way, an evening party in honor of the festival will be held on CCTV this evening. Let us enjoy it.
B: Ok , I agree.
以上，就是文都四六级英语老师为各位考生带来的四级口语考试的对话部分，希望能够对各位考生有所助益。
同时，各位正在准备着六级口语的同学们不如参考一下今天四级口语考试的内容，为六级口语练一下手。
最后，文都教育祝各位同学都可以取得令人满意的成绩。