非谓语动词用法归纳语法

一、表格的用法

1.doing 的用法

（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受

worth值得

You should try to avoid making mistakes.

The book is worth reading.

The book deserves reading.

（2）表进行

Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.

The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.

（3）表主动

The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.

= The man who spoke English is Tom.

Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.

（4）表伴随

I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.

I lie in bed reading a novel.

（5）表性质；特点

The film is very moving.

She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.

（6）概括性,一般性

Climbing mountain is very interesting.

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性)

Our work is serving the people．

（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：

Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。

He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

2. being done表示正在进行的被动

The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.

Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.

The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.

= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.

3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)

Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.

Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.

Having done the work, I went back home.

Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.

4. having been done用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. (要求动词后)

=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.

= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.

I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.

Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.

5. to do的用法:

(1)用在要求动词后: 接to do的动词（作宾语）

attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排appear似乎，显得 ask问 agree同意believe 认为、相信begin开始beg请求 bother扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢 choose选择claim要求 consent同意，赞同 contrive设法，图谋demand要求 destine注定 determine