(完整版)高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。

I.根据上下文语境进行猜测

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：

例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business

62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？

A.growing interest in organic food

B.better quality of organic food

C.rising market for organic food

D.higher prices of organic food

例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？

A.To encourage people to raise questions.

B.To cause difficulty in understanding.

C.To provide a person with an explanation.

D.To limit people's imagination.

例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.

A. drunk

B. sweating

C. happy

D. mistaken

练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.

2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.

3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.

4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.

5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.

（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义

有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other

words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。

例如： 1.(2006年福建卷，A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.

59.The underlined word“reluctant”in the passage may probably mean_______.

A. kind

B. unwilling

C. free

D. careless

2.Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.

练习：1.Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.

2.The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.

3.Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.

4.The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.

5.Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.

6.A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature.

（三）根据反义词或反义关系

有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead of, rather than等信息词。

例如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.

A. Quite right.

B. Time enough.

C. Most unlike.

D. Just the opposite.

练习：1.Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.

2. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.

3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.

4. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.

(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系

常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。

例如：Millions of animals die each year on roads, the highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill. 练习：1.Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.