专业八级作文写作的基本模式
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?V．写作 (Part VI：Writing)
测试要求：
学生应能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的说明文或议论文。该作文必须语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当，具有说服力。
题型：
要求应试者按题撰文。考试时间为45分钟。
一般作文要求：
?In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.
2004年真题
?It was reported in the press some time ago that a few second-and
third-year students in a provincial university decided to try their hands at business in order to get prepared for the future. They opened six small shops near their university. Their teachers and classmates had different opinions about th is phenomenon. Some thought that the students’ business experience would help them adapt better to society after graduation, while others held a negative view, saying that running shops might occupy too much of the students’ time and energy which should otherwise be devoted to their academic study. What do you think? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:
Should University Students Go in for Business? In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second
part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should brig what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
2003年真题
?Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a result, there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.
In the first part of your writing you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
2006年专业八级样文解析
?Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision. It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life. Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do somet hing, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated. This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.
?First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission. No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice. Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission. And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness. Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome. John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.
?In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials. Without ambitio n one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano. A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller. It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang
Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.
?Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction. If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may brin g havoc on him and others. Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon. It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering. Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland. However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan. Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.
?To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves. A poet says: life can be bad; life can be good; life can be dirty; life can be sad,; life can even be painful. In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition.
专业八级作文评分标准
20-18
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION WITH ACCURACIES
The writing effectively addresses the writing task.
It demonstrates a well developed logical organizational structure with clearly stated main ideas and sufficeient supporting details.
It has almost no errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays an adequate ability to use the language with appropriacy.
No difficulty is experienced by the reader.
17-15
GOOD COMMUNICATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES
?The writing adequately addresses almost all of the writing task
?it deals with some parts more effectively than others.
?It demonstrates a generally well developed logical organizational structure with main ideas and supporting details.
?It has relatively few significant errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays an ability to use the language with appropriacy.
?Very little difficulty is experienced by the reader.
14-12 PASSABLE COMMUNICATION WITH SOME INACCURACIES.
?The writing adequately addresses most of the writing task.
?On the whole, it demonstrates an adequately developed organizational structure, though there may occasionally be a lack of relevance, clarity, consistency or support.
?It has occasional errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, which may, from time to time, obscure meaning, and for the most part it displays some ability to use the language with appropriacy.
?Occasional difficulty is experienced by the reader.
11-9 PROBLEMATIC COMMUNICATION WITH FREQUENT INACCURACIES
?The writing only addresses some of the writing task.
?It demonstrates an inadequate organizational structure, and there may quite often be a lack of relevance, clarity, consistency or support.
?It has frequent errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays a limited ability to use the language with appropriacy.
?Some difficulty is experienced by the reader.
8-6 ALMOST NO COMMUNICATION
?The writing almost completely fails to address the writing task.
?It has neither an organizational structure nor coherence.
?Almost all sentences contain errors of vocabulary, spelling, punctuation or syntax, and it displays no ability to use the language with appropriacy.
?Even after considerable effort on the part of the reader, the text is largely incomprehensible.
专业八级作文开头结尾写作
段首句
?People’s opinions about…vary from person to person. Some people consider ... Others point out that …
?When it comes to ___, some people hold that ___. Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but ___.
?Many people advocate that ___. They claim/are of the opinion that ___. Mine is the same as theirs in the following reasons.
?It has been widely noted that ….
?It’s universally acknowledged that…This raises serious doubts about ___
?It’s generally accepted that…
?It goes without saying that…
?Here I will discuss the pros and cons of this question
段首句
?As is known to all, ___ is a common phenomenon in our society.
?Have you ever thought/wondered …?
?…But do they realize that…?
?…But is it really the case? Personally I think…
?…, but is it a wise one? It is now being challenged by more and more people.
?It’s reported by a recent/new research/survey/study that…
结尾句–对比论证
?We can conclude that ___ has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.
?On the whole, ___ have both advantages and disadvantages. But fairly speaking, everyone should admit that its advantages outweigh it disadvantages. We should ___.
?As far as I’m concerned, I don’t agree with the view that ___ and ___ are always in conflict with/in opposition to each other. … So I’ve come to the conclusion that ___ and ___ are equally important.
总结观点
?In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude/To bring a long story short ….
?To sum up the above arguments, I think a proper attitude towards ___ is that ___.
?Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/
indicate(s) that …
?From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that…
?If …, the efforts will be worthwhile/paid-off/rewarded.
?People used to…in the past, but things are quite different today.
?Personal experience has taught that…个人经验告诉我…
?There is every reason to believe that…完全有理由相信…
?The re is strong evidence to show that…有缺凿的证据显示…
专业八级短文写作的基本模式
一、段首句
1) People’s opinions about…vary from person to person. Some people consider ... Others point out that …
2) When asked about …, most people say… But many other people regard … as …. I personally think ___.
3) When it comes to ___, some people hold that ___. Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but ___.
4) Many people advocate that ___. They claim/are of the opinion that ___. Mine is the same as theirs in the following reasons.
5) It has been widely noted that ….
It’s universally acknowledged that…This raises serious doubts about ___. It’s generally accepted that…
It goes witho ut saying that…
Here I will discuss the pros and cons of this question.
6) With the development of our society, ___ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some problems as well.
7) As is known to all, ___ is a common phenomenon in our society.
8) Have you ever thought/wondered …?
9) …But do they realize that…?/…But is it really the case? Personally I think…
10) …, but is it a wi se one? It is now being challenged by more and more people.
11) As the saying goes, …
12) It’s reported by a recent/new research/survey/study that…
二、结尾句
（一）对比论证
1) We can conclude that ___ has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.
2) On the whole, ___ have both advantages and disadvantages. But fairly speaking, everyone should admit that its advantages outweigh it disadvantages. We should ___.
3) As far as I’m concerned, I don’t agree with the view that ___ and ___ are always in conflict with/in opposition to each other. … So I’ve come to the conclusion that ___ and ___ are equally important.
（二）解决措施
4) In my opinion, it is not easy to ___. But I’m confident that we’ll be able to overcome all the difficulties that confront us and achieve successes in ___.
5) Many solutions are offered here and all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be studied in depth in the future and we still have a long way to go.
6) It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful
actions/measure/remedies should be taken to …
7) In my opinion, the whole society should place much emphasis on the importance of ___.
8) Given all the above arguments, it is high time that the authorities enforced some reforms to ___.
（三）总结观点
9) In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude/To bring a long story short ….
10) To sum up the above arguments, I think a proper attitude towards ___ is that ___.
11) Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that …
12) From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that…
13) If …, the efforts will be worthwhile/paid-off/rewarded.
三、正文段落常用句型
1、分析原因
a) There are ample/powerful/sufficient/various reaso ns in saying that…
b) There are two factors accounting for …
c) There are some good reasons for…
d) There are two possible reasons for…
e) There are three reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions. In the first p lace, … Secondly, … Furthermore, …
2、提出建议
a) My suggestion to deal with/solve/tackle the problem are as follows. To begin with, … Secondly, … Finally, …
b) To crack this hard nut, people have worked out many effective measures.
c) To achieve the best result, we have to…
d) Perhaps it is recommendable/practical/feasible to…
e) Maybe we could firstly resort to…
f) The top priority in … is…
g) Perhaps we could try… as a premium way to…
h) Perhaps nothing is better than…
i) In my opinion, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of…
3、发表见解
a) It’s true that…
b) To be sure,…
c) It cannot be more agreed upon…
d) Something immediat ely coming to the mind is…
e) We can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to…
f) The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to…
g) But there is a deeper social message in this cartoon.
h) It’s
important/necessary/urgent/difficult/easy/expensive/desirable/convenient/comfor table for sb to do …
It’s desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
4、分析利弊
a) As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now … On the other hand, …
b) Whenever we talk about…, we’ll instantly have the idea that it’s good for… Indeed/In fact/Actually, …have advantages. We can take… for example. In the meantime/Meanwhile, we must realize those disadvantages of… First of all, … In addition, …
5、举例阐述
a) for example, …/for instance, …
b) Let’s take … for example.
c) … is a good ca se in point.
d) An example coming in hand is about…
e) An example is found in…
f) We may cite/quote/take another example of…
g) The opinion/point/idea may be proved/exemplified/illustrated by the following fact…
h) First/ Second (Next) / Third (Then)/ Last (Finally), …
a) Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally)
i) In the first place/Secondly/ Last but not least The most essential/most important/primary/chief is…
j) First and foremost/Secondly/Besi des/In addition/Last but not least…
6、引证观点
a) Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to ….
b) Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly
believed/thought/held/acknowledged/held that …,
c) According to a recent surve y/investigation/poll, …
7、因果关系
a) … causes/produces/brings about/leads to/ results in/gives rise to some other problems……
There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes the rise in prices.
b) … results from/arises from/lies in/can be attributed to the fact that……
c) as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so,
d) because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that …
8、论述相互关系
have much/something/nothing to do with…
be closely related to…
be directly bound up with…
Go hand in hand with…
l The pollution of our environment has much to do with the increasing numbers of cars.
l The strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its industry and agriculture.
l More than ten leading diseases are related to smoking, such as cancer and heart trouble.
9、比较对照
比较：like A, B …
Just as A, B …
A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B …
对照：Unlike/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B …
Quite to the opposite, …
Differently…
The difference lies in…
Quite surprisingly, …
…could be the other way round.
A , however/on the other hand/in contrast,
B ..
A …, B, however/on the other hand/in contrast, …
10、提出转折观点
1) It sounds like a good/attractive idea/suggestion, but they fail to
understand/see/ notice…
2) There is probably an element of truth in the arguments/ideas, but they ignore a more important fact …
3) Closer examination/analysis, however, suggests/shows that this
argument/claim/ idea may not be borne of/supported by the following evidence
/facts/examples/statistics.
4) However logical /sound/forcible these arguments may be, they don't make sense /only skim the surface of the problem whe n … is viewed the other way /taken into consideration.
5)As opposed to /Contrary to the widely /commonly/ generally held idea /belief/ view, new studies /facts challenge /fail to justify the opinion/view.
6)Good/Superior/Wonderful as …., it has its o wn disadvantages/ it brings its own
problems.
7)They may be right about …, but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account …
8) In all the discussion and debate over …, one important/basic fact is
ignored/overlooked/neglected.
9)It is tr ue that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn't follow/doesn't mean that …
10)There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore
a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor …
四、英文写作佳句
1. One of the pressing problems facing our nation today is…我们国家如今面临的紧迫问题之一是…
2. One of the most serious problems many people talk about centers on…
许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在…
3. …is yet another new and bitter truth we must learn to face.
…又是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。
4．There is a growing worldwide awareness of…世界上越来越多的人认识到…
5. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that …is not the sole prerequisite for…
越来越多的人开始意识到…不是…的唯一先决条件.
6. Today, however, things are changing and…然而, 今天, 情况改变了…
7. People used to…in the past, but things are quite different today.
过去, 人们习惯于…。但今天的情况有很大的不同.
8. I recently read a newspaper article on… The deplorable problem of…has arouse public concern nationwide.
最近, 我在报纸上读到一篇…。…的问题令人深感遗憾, 它已经引起了全国公众的关注.
9. We must seek immed iate solutions for problems leading to… If allowed to proceed unchecked, the problem will undoubtedly…我们必须寻求立即解决引起…的办法。如果任期自由发展，这一问题无疑会…
10. There is little doubt that immediate action is required to…毫无疑问，必须立即采取行动
11. It’s high time we put an end to…我们早该杜绝…的做法。
12. However, we must not rest on their accomplishments, but must instead wok assiduously to record greater achievements. 然而，我们不能依靠他们的成绩，而必须努力工作，取得恩辉煌的成绩。
13. We do, in fact, have a long way to go to reach our final goal, but achieving some remains well within the realm of possibility.
事实上，我们达到追最终目标还有很长的路要走，但是，取得一些成绩还是可能做到的。
14. The methodology suggested may not guarantee ultimate success, but the eventual pay-off could well be worth the effort. Achieving even partial success will benefit mankind and contribute to creating a better world.
所说的方法不一定保证最终的成功，但最后的结果非常值得付出努力。即使只获得部分成功也会是人类受益，有利于创造一个更美好的生活。
15. Whatever the outcome, we must resolutely proceed with our objective.
无论结果如何，我们必须坚定的继续为目标而努力。
16. Gone are the da ys when……的日子已经不复存在了。
17. History tells us that…历史告诉我们…
18. Personal experience has taught that…个人经验告诉我…
19. There is every reason to believe that…完全有理由相信…
20. There is strong evidence to show that…有缺凿的证据显示…
21. What has s parked the increasing interest in…? For one thing, … For another, … The main thing perhaps centers on…什么引发了人们对…的兴趣？一方面，…。另一方面…。最主要的可能在于…。
22. The explanation for the phenomenon of …involves many complicated factors. Some attribute …to…, others point to…, and still others to…
对于…的解释涉及很多复杂的因素。有的人把…原因归结为…, 有的人指出…, 还有人认为…。
23. The reasons for…are both complicated and varied. I suggest the phenomenon results from …and… However, the main reason is quite likely …
…的原因既复杂又多样。我认为这种现象是…造成的。然而，主要原因很可能是…
24. One of the most common failures of people today is to…
如今人类最常见的一个不足是
25．Having recognized the problem, it follows that we must develop a plan of action.
意识到了问题，接下去我们比必须制定行动计划。
五、常用框架结构
(1)
It’s generally believed that … is a hot topic which is widely talked about both at home and abroad. Now our government attaches great importance to solving this problem. Scientists in this field have put forward a number of suggestions tending to relieve it. To begin with, we should … Furthermore, … It is clear that…
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some think that… According to them, all of us should … Others argue that… In their opinion, ….There is no doubt that…
In short, I firmly support the vie w that …it’s because…
(2)
There is no denying the fact that … is a popular topic which is much talked about not only by …, but also by…. It’s generally thought that …The reasons for…are as follows. To begin with…secondly…furthermore… Therefore, we should pay special attention to solving the problems.
There are, I think, at least two possible ways to cope with it. The first way to tackle it is to appeal the authorities to take drastic measures to (do)… The other policy that is worth ad opting is to work out new regulations to (do)…Only in this way can we succeeding in dealing with the problem in the new future.
To conclude, it seems obvious that… So the prospect we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.
As far as I’m concerned, … …I’m sure my opinion is both sound and well grounded.