英文文献摘要
科技文献中英文摘要范文
科技文献中英文摘要范文English:Nowadays, with the rapid advancement of technology, there has been increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and more. AI has the potential to revolutionize these industries by improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes. In healthcare, AI tools can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and even personalizing treatment plans. In finance, AI algorithms can analyze market trends, predict stock prices, and detect fraudulent activities. In transportation, AI can optimize routes, reduce traffic congestion, and improve safety measures. Despite the great benefits AI can bring, there are also ethical and privacy concerns that need to be addressed. It is essential for policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals to work together to ensure responsible and ethical AI development.中文翻译:如今，随着科技的快速发展，人们越来越热衷于将人工智能（AI）应用于医疗保健、金融、交通等各个领域。
英文摘要的写法
Stokes output and good pulse shape.
资料性摘要概括地阐述论文或报告中的主要
结论，重点突出文中提及的新发现或有别于
其他同类研究的结论。
结合型摘要 (Informative Indicative Abstracts)
此类摘要综合了说明性摘要和资料性摘要
的特点
（1）This article discusses some possible roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. （ 2 ） It suggests how pathways might influence the design and running of self-access centres, （3）and gives an illustration of how pathways were designed and employed in a centre in China. Feedback is based on a minisurvey distributed to thirty users.
Abstract: （ 1 ） This paper discusses the
effect of processing temperature on the room temperature resistivity and PTC
characteristic of the PS matrix Sn-Pb alloy composite. （ 2 ） The results show that … and the low melting point of Sn-Pb alloy results in the excellent PTC characteristic.
英文文献题目和摘要
1. Disordered Sleep in Pediatric Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Overview（共5页）Abstract: There is a well-established correlation between sleep disturbances and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A large number of pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD have sleep problems, while patients with sleep disturbances often display behavioral patterns that resemble some features of ADHD. Despite these observations, the relationship between sleep problems and ADHD is not yet fully understood. It is often difficult to pinpoint which of the disorders is the primary and which a byproduct of the other. A complicating factor is that stimulant medication such as methylphenidate, a drug of choice for ADHD, may adversely affect sleep quality in ADHD patients. However, there have also been reports that it may actually improve sleep quality. This review examines the latest trends in the contemporary literature on this clinical dilemma.2. New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease（共21页）Abstract: Diabetic kidney disease remains a major microvascular complication of diabetes and the most common cause of chronic kidney failure requiring dialysis in the United States, Medical advances over the past century have substantially improved the management of diabetes mellitus and thereby have increased patient survival. However, current standards of care reduce but do not eliminate the risk of diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we highlight some of the novel and established moleculara mechanisms that contribute to the development of the disease and its outcomes. In particular, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease, with special emphasis on the mitochondrial oxidative stress and microRNA targets. Additionally, candidate genes associated with susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease and alterations in various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are addressed briefly.3. Characteristic of Bacteriocines and their Application（共13页）Abstract: Bacteriocines are small peptides with anti-bacterial properties. They are produced both by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Until now, a few hundred bacteriocines were described. Classification of bacteriocines undergoes continuous alterations, as new developments regarding their structure, amino acid sequence and recognized mechanism of their action are available. Some of bacteriocins (lantibiotics) contain atypical amino acids, such as lantionine (Lan), methyllantionine (MeLan), dehydroananine (Dha), dehydrobutyrine (Dhb), or D-alanine (D-Ala). The best recognized bacteriocines are produces by lactic acid bacteria, including nisine produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis. These bacteriocines have been recognized to be fully safe for humans. At present, nisine is used in food industry, as a preserving agent. Other lactic acid bacteria bacteriocines and probiotic preparations provide an alternative for antibiobics, and are used in food and in animal feed.4．The Role of Regulatory T Cells in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy（共12页）Abstract: tolerance, and compelling experimental evidence has demonstrated that functional allergen-specific Treg cells play a major role in healthy immune responses to allergens and clinically successful allergen-specific immunotherapy. In the particular case of IgE-mediated food allergy, further investigations are required to firmly demonstrate the role of Treg cells duringdesensitization, induction of tolerance, or both, and several studies have also suggested a key role for these cells in healthy responses to food allergens. Treg cells are able to suppress the sensitization and effector phases of allergic reactions via several mechanisms of action based on multiple soluble and surface-binding molecules. Our knowledge of the mechanisms governing the generation of food allergen-specific Treg cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa, including the specific dendritic cell subsets involved in such processes, has increased significantly over the last decade. The identification of alternative tissues where oral tolerance to food allergens might occur in vive is crucial, not only for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergy, but also for the development of alternative therapeutic interventions. Recent findings demonstrate that oral tolerance can be induced in the tonsils through generation and maintenance of functional allergen-specificTreg cells. Further investigation in this area could pave the way for novel treatments of food allergy and other immune tolerance-related diseases.5. Weight Loss Strategies for Treatment of Obesity（共8页）Abstract: Obesity is one of the most serious and prevalent non-communicable diseases of the 21st century. It is also a patient-centered condition in which affected individuals seek treatment through a variety of commercial, medical and surgical approaches. Considering obesity as a chronic medical disease state helps to frame the concept of using a three-stepped intensification of care approach to weight management. As a foundation, all patients should be counseled on evidence-based lifestyle approaches that include diet, physical activity and behavior change therapies. At the second tier, two new pharmacological agents, phentermine-topiramate and lorcaserin, were approved in 2012 as adjuncts to lifestyle modification. The third step, bariatric surgery, has been demonstrated to be the most effective and long-term treatment for individuals with severe obesity or moderate obesity complicated by comorbid conditions that is not responsive to non-surgical approaches. By using a medical model, clinicians can provide more proactive and effective treatments in assisting their patients with weight loss.6. Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Respiratory Muscle Function in the Obese Population（共8页）Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is one of the most important health metrics in apparently healthy individuals, those at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease and virtually all patient populations. In addition to CRF, a host of other variables obtained from aerobic exercise testing provides clinically valuable information. Individuals classified as obese (i.e. a body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) have varying degrees of CV, pulmonary and skeletal muscle dysfunction that impact CRF and other key aerobic exercise testing variables. Moreover, there is now evidence indicating inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle function, even in the absence of interstitial lung disease, is potentially compromised as a result of obesity. When obesity-induced respiratory muscle dysfunction is present, it has the potential to contribute to the limitations in CRF. The current review will discuss aerobic exercise testing and the assessment of respiratory muscle function in the obese population.7. The Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in Weight Loss and Maintenance（共7页）Abstract: This review explores the role of physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) in the prevention of weight gain, initial weight loss, weight maintenance, and the obesity paradox. Inparticular, we will focus the discussion on the expected initial weight loss from different ET programs, and explore intensity/volume relationships. Based on the present literature, unless the overall volume of aerobic ET is very high, clinically significant weight loss is unlikely to occur. Also, ET also has an important role in weight regain after initial weight loss. Overall, aerobic ET programs consistent with public health recommendations may promote up to modest weight loss (~2 kg), however the weight loss on an individual level is highly heterogeneous. Clinicians should educate their patients on reasonable expectations of weight loss based on their physical activity program and emphasize that numerous health benefits occur from PA programs in the absence of weight loss.8. Impact of Obesity and Weight Loss on Cardiac Performance and Morphology in Adults（共10页）Abstract: Obesity, particularly severe obesity is capable of producing hemodynamic alterations that predispose to changes in cardiac morphology and ventricular function. These include increased cardiac output, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic and systolic dysfunction of both ventricles. Facilitated by co-morbidities such as hypertension, the sleep apnea/obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and possibly certain neurohormonal and metabolic alterations, these abnormalities may predispose to left and right heart failure, a disorder known as obesity cardiomyopathy.9. Early lung development: lifelong eff ect on respiratory health and disease（共15页）Abstract: Interest in the contribution of changes in lung development during early life to subsequent respiratory morbidity is increasing. Most evidence of an association between adverse intrauterine factors and structural eff ects on the developing lung is from animal studies. Such evidence has been augmented by epidemiological studies showing associations between insults to the developing lung during prenatal and early postnatal life and adult respiratory morbidity or reduced lung function, and by physiological studies that have elucidated mechanisms underlying these associations. The true eff ect of early insults on subsequent respiratory morbidity can be understood only if the many prenatal and postnatal factors that can aff ect lung development are taken into account. Adverse factors aff ecting lung development during fetal life and early childhood reduce the attainment of maximum lung function and accelerate lung function decline in adulthood, initiating or worsening morbidity in susceptible individuals. In this Review, we focus on factors that adversely aff ect lung development in utero and during the fi rst 5 years after birth, thereby predisposing individuals to reduced lung function and increased respiratory morbidity throughout life. We focus particularly on asthma and COPD.10. Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease（共13页）Abstract: The current global obesity pandemic is the leading cause for the soaring rates of metabolic diseases, especially diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis. Efforts devoted to find cures for obesity and associated disorders in the past two decades have prompted intensive interest in adipocyte biology, and have led to major advances in the mechanistic understanding of adipose tissue as an essential endocrine organ. Adipose tissue secretes an array of hormones (adipokines) that signal key organs to maintain metabolic homeostasis, and their dysfunction has been causally linked to a wide range of metabolic diseases.In addition, obesity induces production of inflammatory cytokines (often referred to together with adipokines as adipocytokines) and infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, which creates a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Metabolic inflammation has been increasingly recognized as a unifying mechanism linking obesity to a broad spectrum of pathological conditions. This review focuses on classic examples of adipocytokines that have helped to form the basis of the endocrine and inflammatory roles of adipose tissue, and it also details a few newly characterized adipocytokines that provide fresh insights into adipose biology. Studies of adipocytokines in clinical settings and their therapeutic potential are also discussed.11. Drug-Induced Liver Injury (共12页)Abstract: Drug hepatoxicity can be nonidiosyncratic (predictable), as in the case of acetaminophen, or idiosyncratic (unpredictable). This review article focuses primarily on idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). New epidemiologic data suggest that approximately 20 new cases of DILI per 100,000 persons occur each year. Idiosyncratic DILI accounts for 11% of the cases of acute liver failure in the United States. Risk factors for DILI include medication dose, drug lipophilicity, and extent of hepatic metabolism. There is mixed evidence to support the role of host factors such as age, sex, and chronic liver disease in the development of DILI. For specific drugs, a genetic predisposition appears to be a risk factor for DILI. Suspected cases of idiosyncratic DILI should be categorized as hepatitic, cholestatic, or mixed on the basis of the degree/ratio of abnormalities in the alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. A careful evaluation for other causes of liver disease should be performed, though a liver biopsy is rarely needed. There is evidence that some patients with DILI may actually have hepatitis E and this diagnosis should be considered. Amoxicillin/clavulanate isoniazid, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most common causes of DILI. Drug discontinuation or dechallenge should lead to an improvement in liver biochemistries in most patients, though a bilirubin value of more than 3 g/dL is associated with mortality of at least 10%. New biomarkers for DILI using proteomics and micro RNA appear promising but require further study. New studies on drugs with potential for causing DILI are reviewed herein, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists, fluoroquinolones, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, statins, and supplements. PubMed was used with search terms of drug induced liver injury OR DILI with filter settings of ―English language‖ and ―humans‖ and custom date range of ―January 1, 2000.‖ The authors also manually searched bibliographies from key references and included seminal references before the year 2000.12. INSULIN REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES BY ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLET TRANSPLANTATION（共8页）Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which causes microand macrovascular complications. A significant increase in diabetes morbidity rate has been observed. It is estimated that in year 2030 there will be 552 million diabetics worldwide. Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong treatment with insulin. The only available treatment of diabetes restoring physiological glucose metabolism is transplantation of pancreatic β cells in form of pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets transplantation. The treatment restores normoglycemia and reduces chances of complications of diabetes. Over the past 10 years there has been significant progress in the development of the islet transplantation procedure. Constant improvement of themethod, in particular the development of islets isolation and sourcing techniques, shows promise. According to the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry in 1999-2009, there have been performed 1,072 allotransplantations. This paper summarizes the indications and contraindications for the procedure, the transplantation process, as well as the surgical procedure and immunosuppressive treatment. The review presents problems related to pancreatic islet cells transplantation and standard scheme of immunosuppressive treatment, requiring a solution.13. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: An Update （共8页）Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly relevant to patients with hypertension (HTN). These 2 conditions frequently coexist (an estimated 50% of patients with HTN have concomitant OSA), and recent evidence supports the notion that OSA represents the most prevalent secondary contributor to elevated blood pressure (BP) in patients with resistant HTN (Figure 1).14. Molecularly targeted cancer therapy: some lessons from the past decade （共10页）Abstract: The tremendous advances achieved in the understanding of cancer biology have delivered unprecedented progress in molecularly targeted cancer therapy in the past decade. The fast growing category of targeted anticancer agents available for clinical use is accompanied by a conceptual revolution in anticancer drug development. Nevertheless, molecularly targeted cancer therapy remains challenged by a high failure rate and an extremely small proportion of patients that can benefit. It is pivotal to take lessons from the past and seek new solutions. This review discusses conceptual progress and remaining challenges in molecularly targeted cancer therapy, and proposes feasible alternatives to increase chances of clinical success in the future.15. Progress in detecting cell-surface protein receptors: the erythropoietin receptor example （共12页）Abstract: Testing for the presence of specific cell-surface receptors (such as EGFR or HER2) on tumor cells is an integral part of cancer care in terms of treatment decisions and prognosis. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these tests is important because inaccurate results may occur if procedures designed to prevent false-negative or falsepositive outcomes are not employed. This review discusses tests commonly used to identify and characterize cell-surface receptors, such as the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). First, a summary is provided on the biology of the Epo/EpoR system, describing how EpoR is expressed on erythrocytic progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow where it mediates red blood cell production in response to Epo. Second, studies are described that investigated whether erythropoiesisstimulating agents could stimulate tumor progression in cancer patients and whether EpoR is expressed and functional on tumor cells or on endothelial cells. The methods used in these studies included immunohistochemistry, Northern blotting, Western blotting, and binding assays. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of these methods. Critically analyzing data from tests for cell-surface receptors such as EpoR requires understanding the techniques utilized and demonstrating that results are consistent with current knowledge about receptor biology.16. Effects of Diabetes on the Eye （共7页）Abstract: Hyperglycemia has toxic effects on almost all cells in the body. Ophthalmic complications of hyperglycemia are most profound in cornea and retina. Seventy percent of diabetics suffer from corneal complications, collectively called diabetic keratopathy, which includes include recurrent erosions, delayed wound healing, ulcers, and edema. Confocal microscopy has permitted in vivo imaging of corneal nerves,which are also affected in diabetic subjects. Gene therapies upregulating MNNG HOS transforming gene (cMet) and/or downregulating MMP10 and cathepsin S are potential future therapies for diabetic keratopathy. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of blindness in people over the age of 50. There is accumulating evidence that DR is an inflammatory disease. The initial events in animal models of DR are increased vascular permeability and leukostasis. This binding of leukocytes to the endothelium results from an increase in intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the retinal capillary endothelium (EC) and expression of CD11/CD18 on the surface of the activated leukocyte. We have observed polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) at sites of EC vascular dysfunction in diabetic retinas as well as choroid. Anti-inflammatory drugs like etanercept, aspirin, or meloxicam reduce leukostasis and EC death. Future therapies may include repopulation of the acellular capillaries after EC and pericyte death with vascular progenitors made from the patient‘s own blood cells.17. Common Cell Biologic and Biochemical Changes in Aging and Age-Related Diseases of the Eye: Toward New Therapeutic Approaches to Age-Related Ocular Diseases （共6页）Abstract: Reviews of information about AMD, cataract, and glaucoma make it apparent that while each eye tissue has its own characteristic metabolism, structure, and function, there are common perturbations to homeostasis that are associated with age-related dysfunction. The commonalities appeared to be biochemical stresses and their sequelae. Recognition of shared etiologic factors for age-related debilities allows rationalization of comparable risk factor-disease incidence relationships—such as nutritional risk factors for AMD and cataract (as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes)—and informs about potential new therapeutic avenues, such as stress reducers (i.e., antioxidants) and/or proteolysis enhancers. It also maximizes the return on the investment in research effort and costs. For example, drugs or nutrients that protect against AMD may also prove effective against cataract, glaucoma, or/and other age-related neurodegenerative debilities. This article summarizes cell biologic and biochemical changes in aging and age-related diseases of the eye. Clearly, this is a larger challenge with a richer literature than can be properly treated in a short review such as this. In this short review, we focus on age-related stresses and current and anticipated means to diminish the stress. Recognizing that almost all age-related diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, cataract, AMD, glaucoma, diabetes, and the premature aging diseases such as progeria, have in common the accumulation of damaged proteins, we select three aspects of age-related biochemical changes that are common to most eye tissues: oxidative stresses; problems associated with and/or due to damaged proteins that accumulate in the retina, lens, and cornea; and intracellular degradative capacities that usually keep levels of damaged proteins in check in early life or when tissues are not stressed, but that may fail upon stress or aging (Figs. 1, 2). We offer apologies to investigators whose work we do not cite or can acknowledge only via reviews.1 The most rapidly growing segment of many societies is the elderly. The prevalence of cataract, AMD, and glaucoma accelerates with age. Among those who are aged 75 years or older, prevalence rates of cataract, AMD, and glaucoma are approximately 60%, 15%, and 20% of the population, respectively respectively. These estimates almost double for people aged just 10 years older. Like most tissues in general, most eye tissues suffer from the accumulation of damaged proteins. Such accumulation appears to involve post-synthetic modifications to proteins and limits on the proteolytic capacities that are normally available to degrade and remove the altered or obsolete proteins before they transform into cytotoxic aggregates. Collectively, we call the sum of synthesis, post-synthetic modification, editing and removal of proteins ‗‗proteopoise.‘‘ Compromises to proteopoise are also thought to be etiologic for many age-related neuropathies and premature aging syndromes.1–7 Herein, we work our way from the anterior of the eye, or cornea, through to the lens and on to the posterior segment or retina, recalling commonthemes of age-related changes and protein quality control.18. Feelings about food: the ventral tegmental area in food reward and emotional eating （共10页）Abstract: Overconsumption of high caloric food plays an important role in the etiology of obesity. Several factors drive such hedonic feeding. High caloric food is often palatable. In addition, when an individual is sated, stress and food-related cues can serve as potent feeding triggers. A better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of food palatability and environmentally triggered overconsumption would aid the development of new treatment strategies. In the current review we address the pivotal role of the mesolimbic dopamine reward system in the drive towards high caloric palatable food and its relation to stress- and cue-induced feeding. We also discuss how this system may be affected by both established and potential anti-obesity drug targets.19. Recent advances in mammalian protein production （共8页）Abstract: Mammalian protein production platforms have had a profound impact in many areas of basic and applied research, and an increasing number of blockbuster drugs are recombinant mammalian proteins. With global sales of these drugs exceeding US$120 billion per year, both industry and academic research groups continue to develop cost effective methods for producing mammalian proteins to support pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of potential therapeutics. While a wide range of platforms have been successfully exploited for laboratory use, the bulk of recent biologics have been produced in mammalian cell lines due to the requirement for post translational modification and the biosynthetic complexity of the target proteins. In this review we highlight the range of mammalian expression platforms available for recombinant protein production, as well as advances in technologies for the rapid and efficient selection of highly productive clones.20.Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Gastrointestinal Neoplasia （共17页）Abstract: Obesity is among the fastest growing diseases worldwide; treatment is inadequate, and associated disorders, including gastrointestinal cancers, have high morbidity and mortality. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-induced carcinogenesis is required to develop methods to prevent or treat these cancers. In this report, we review the mechanisms of obesity-associated colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers and potential treatment strategies.。
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
摘要英文范文
英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.英文摘要格式主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。
各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。
如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。
三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。
（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。
学术英文摘要范文
学术英文摘要范文Title: Exploring the Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Perceptions of Climate Change Abstract:This study delves into the intricate relationship between social media platforms and the formation of public perceptions surrounding climate change. Amidst the escalating urgency of addressing global climate challenges, understanding how information disseminates and is interpreted on social media has become paramount. The research aims to identify key factors that influence how individuals perceive climate change through their engagement with social media content, as well as to assess the potential impact of these perceptions on individual behaviors and societal responses.Background and Motivation:Climate change, a pressing global issue, necessitates a profound transformation in societal attitudes, behaviors, and policies. Social media, with its unparalleled reach and influence, has emerged as a significant force in shaping public discourse and opinions on this matter. However, the complexity of information circulation on these platforms, coupled with the prevalence of misinformation and disinformation, poses challenges to effective communication and understanding of climate change.Research Objectives:To analyze the content of social media posts related to climate change, focusing on the prevalence of different narratives and perspectives.To investigate the factors that influence the formation of public perceptions of climate change through social media engagement, including information sources, credibility perceptions, and emotional responses.To assess the potential impact of these perceptions on individual behaviors related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as on broader societal responses.Methodology:This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative content analysis of social media posts with qualitative interviews of social media users. A random sample of social media posts related to climate change from major platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) will be analyzed to identify common themes and narratives. Subsequently, a subset of users will be interviewed to gain deeper insights into their perceptions of climate change, their social media usage habits, and the influence of social media on their attitudes and behaviors.Expected Results:The study anticipates revealing patterns in the dissemination of climate change information on social media, as well as identifying key factors that shape public perceptions. It is expected that the findings will shed light on the role of social media in amplifying or mitigating the effects of misinformation and disinformation, and will offer insights into how to more effectively communicate about climate change to engage and mobilize the public.Implications and Contributions:The research has the potential to make significant contributions to the fields of environmental communication, social media studies, and climate change policy. By uncovering the mechanisms that drive public perceptions of climate change on social media, it can inform the development of more effective communication strategies and interventions aimed at fostering greater public awareness, engagement, and action on climate change.Keywords: Climate change, social media, public perceptions, information dissemination, communication strategies.。
英文摘要-英文摘要.ppt
• 目前摘要编写中的主要问题有： • 要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现
引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。
• 五、具体注意事项： • 1) 要反映论文的新内容和特别强调的观点，
尤其不要出现在本学科领域已成常识的内容； • 2) 不应对论文内容作解释和评论，尤其不应 作自我评价； • 3) 不要用第一人称，而应采用第三人称。
• （8）文词要纯朴无华，不用多姿多态的文学性描
述手法； 如：“Working against time on hot slag and spilled metal in condition of choking dust and blinding steam，are conditions no maker would choose for his machines to operate in．”
•
• • • • • • • •
（10）删繁从简； 如用 increase代替 has been found to increase
（11）文摘中涉及他人的工作或研究成果时，尽量列出他 们的名字； （12）文摘词语拼写，用英美拼法都可；但每篇中应保持 一致；
enquire(英)与 inquire(美)， tyre (英)与tire （美） licence (英)与license （美） colour(英)与color （美） ， refrigerator(英) fridge （美） 2nd March, 1996（英）与March 2, 1996（美） （13）题目中尽量少用缩略词，必要时亦需在括号中注明 全称（尽管中文文献题目中常用英文缩略字或汉语拼音缩 略字），特殊字符及希腊字母在题目中尽量不用，或少用。
三．论文摘要书写存在的问题 Problems in Writing
英语摘要如何写范文
英语摘要如何写范文英文回答：An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract is typically the first part of a research paper, and it is often used by readers to decide whether or not to read the full paper.There are many different styles of abstracts, but they all typically include the following information:Purpose: The purpose of the research paper is stated in the abstract. For example, the purpose of the study might be to investigate the effects of a new drug or to test a new theory.Methods: The methods used in the research paper are described in the abstract. For example, the methods mightinclude a survey, an experiment, or a literature review.Results: The results of the research paper are presented in the abstract. For example, the results might show that a new drug is effective or that a new theory is supported.Conclusions: The conclusions of the research paper are stated in the abstract. For example, the conclusion might be that a new drug should be approved for use or that a new theory should be accepted.The abstract is a very important part of a research paper, and it should be written carefully. The abstract should be clear, concise, and informative. It should also be accurate and objective.中文回答：摘要是研究论文、论文或其他学术作品的简短总结。
摘要英文范文
摘要英文范文Title: The Benefits of Reading。
Reading is an essential activity that provides numerous benefits for individuals of all ages. It not only enhances knowledge and understanding but also improves cognitive abilities, language skills, and mental well-being. In this essay, we will explore the various advantages of readingand why it is important to cultivate a reading habit.First and foremost, reading is an excellent way to acquire knowledge and expand one's understanding of the world. Through books, articles, and other written materials, individuals can gain insights into different cultures, historical events, scientific discoveries, and much more. This accumulation of knowledge not only enriches one's mind but also broadens their perspective on various issues and topics.Furthermore, reading has been proven to enhancecognitive abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making. When individuals engage in reading, they are required to process information, analyze content, and make connections between ideas. This mental exercise strengthens the brain and improves its capacity to think logically and creatively.In addition to cognitive benefits, reading also plays a crucial role in developing language skills. Whether it is vocabulary expansion, grammar improvement, or writing proficiency, reading exposes individuals to a wide range of linguistic patterns and styles. This exposure enables them to enhance their communication skills and express their thoughts and ideas more effectively.Moreover, reading has a positive impact on mental well-being by reducing stress and promoting relaxation. Many people find solace in reading as it allows them to escape from the pressures of daily life and immerse themselves in a different world. Whether it is fiction, non-fiction, or poetry, reading provides a therapeutic experience that calms the mind and soothes the soul.Another benefit of reading is its ability to improve concentration and focus. In a world filled with distractions, the act of reading requires individuals to concentrate on the material at hand and block out external stimuli. This practice of sustained attention can be transferred to other areas of life, such as work, study,and personal relationships, leading to greater productivity and efficiency.Furthermore, reading fosters empathy and emotional intelligence by exposing individuals to diverse characters, situations, and perspectives. Through the stories and experiences of others, readers can develop a better understanding of human emotions, motivations, and behaviors. This increased empathy can lead to more compassionate and harmonious relationships with others.In conclusion, reading offers a multitude of benefits that contribute to personal growth, intellectual development, and emotional well-being. It is a valuable activity that should be encouraged and cultivated from anearly age. Whether it is for pleasure, education, or self-improvement, the act of reading has the power to enrich and transform the lives of individuals in profound ways. Therefore, it is imperative for everyone to recognize the importance of reading and make it a regular part of their daily routine.。
英文摘要-英文摘要.ppt
4.4 人称
• 英文摘要的人称：原来摘要的首句多用第三人称
This paper…等开头，现在倾向于采用更简洁的被 动语态或原形动词开头。例如：To describe…， To study…， To investigate…， To assess…，To determine…，行文时最好不用第一人称。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
4.3、英文摘要的语态
Voice 采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。 一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混 用。
• (1)主动语态：摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态，有助于文字
简洁、表达有力。
• (2)被动语态：以前强调多用被动语态，理由是科技论文主
要是说明事实经过，至于那件事是谁做的，无须一一证明。 为强调动作承受者，采用被动语态为好；被动者无关紧要， 也必须用强调的事物做主语。
• 摘要分信息性摘要、指示性摘要。 • 信息性摘要（Information Abstracts）一般包括了
原始文献某些重要内容的梗概，主要由以下三部 分组成： （1）目的：主要说明作者写此文章的目的或本文 主要要解决的问题。 （2）过程及方法：主要说明作者主要工作过程及 所用的方法，也包括众多的边界条件，使用的主 要设备和仪器。 （3）结果：作者在此工作过程最后得到的结果和 结论。
• 通常学位论文、学术论文、技术报告、科技杂志 •
•
或科技期刊的文章及总结报告等科技文献会议录 中的会议论文及各种专题技术报告采用信息性摘 要， 综述、述评及进展报告等介绍性文献采用指示性 摘要。 指示性文摘（Indicated Abstracts）指示性摘 要是指主要叙述论文撰写目的要素,而其它要素从 简从略的摘要.一般只写论文中论述了哪些问题, 而不写研究方法,具体的论点和结果通常也称为简 介
论文英文摘要写法
2
作者姓名与作者单位英译 1) 作者姓名 中国作者的汉语拼音名字采用如下拼 写方法：姓前名后，中间为空格，姓氏 的全部字母均大写，复姓连写，名字的 首字母大写，名字不缩写。如：ZHANG Zeduan SHANGGUAN Xuzhi
英语国家的作者，采用名前姓后的形式，
其他非英语国家人名按作者自己提供的 罗马字母拼法拼写。
论文摘要写作
I：Introduction
英文摘要的构成摘要是原始文献(一次文 献)的浓缩和代表,它本身给读者一个信息, 即该文献所包含的主要概念和讨论的主要 问题,帮助读者决定此论文是否有用。由 于英文摘要与中文摘要面向不同读者,所 以对英文摘要要求较高的完整性,即读者 不看中文原始文献,只读英文摘要就能对 论文有较完整的了解。它包括介绍性内容 和描述性信息,相对独立于正文。
（2）一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时
刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、 观察、调查等)。例如:The heat-pulse technique was applied to study the sternsapflow(树干液流) of two main deciduous broad-leaved tree species in July and August ,1996。 需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、 现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永 恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的 研究过程,也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。
4
) 大小写 科技论文英文摘要标题中字母大小写 的情况分三种： (1)全部字母均大写。 (2)开头字母以及每个实词首字母大写, 虚词小写。 (3) 开头第一个字母和专有名词大写, 其余均小写。 目前第2种形式较为普遍,第3种的使用 似有增多趋势。
英文文章摘要怎么写.doc
英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。
关于计算机的英文文献写作范文摘要
关于计算机的英文文献写作范文摘要Abstract。
This article provides an overview of the field of computer science, discussing its history, key concepts, and applications. It explores the fundamental principles of computer science, including algorithms, data structures, and programming languages. The article also delves into various subfields within computer science, such as artificial intelligence, computer networks, and software engineering. Additionally, it highlights the impact of computer science on society and the challenges faced by the field. Overall, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of computer science and its significance in today's world.Introduction。
Computer science is a rapidly evolving field that has revolutionized the way we live and work. It encompasses the study of computers and computational systems, including their design, development, and application. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of computer science, covering its history, key concepts, and applications.History of Computer Science。
10篇英文文献摘要学习
ABSTRACT1:Parent-mediated social communication therapy for young children with autism (PACT): long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.01、针对自闭症幼儿的父母介导的社区沟通疗法（PACT）：随机对照试验的长期随访杂志（ THE LANCET ）发表年份（2016）期刊影响因子（53.254）Background: It is not known whether early intervention can improve long-term autism symptom outcomes. We aimed to follow-up the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), to investigate whether the PACT intervention had a long-term effect on autism symptoms and continued effects on parent and child social interaction.Methods: PACT was a randomised controlled trial of a parent-mediated social communication intervention for children aged 2–4 years with core autism. Follow-up ascertainment was done at three specialised clinical services centres in the UK (London, Manchester, and Newcastle) at a median of 5.75 years (IQR 5.42 –5.92) from the original trial endpoint. The main blinded outcomes were the comparative severity score (CSS) from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) 自闭症诊断观察量表 , the Dyadic Communication Assessment Measure (DCMA) of the proportion of child initiatiations when interacting with the parent, and an expressive-receptive language composite. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.Findings: 121 (80%) of the 152 trial participants (59 [77%] of 77 assigned to PACT intervention vs 62 [83%] of 75 assigned to treatment as usual) were traced and consented to be assessed between July, 2013, and September, 2014. Mean age at follow-up was 10.5 years (SD 0.8). Group difference in favour of 赞同 the PACT intervention based on ADOS CSS of log-odds effect size (ES) was 0.64 (95% CI 0 07 to 1 20)· at treatment endpoint and ES 0.70 (95% CI -0 .05 to 1.47) at follow-up, giving an overall reduction in symptom severity over the course of the whole trial and follow-up period (ES 0.55, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91, p=0.004). Group difference in DCMA child initiations at follow-up showed a Cohen's d ES of 0.29 (95% CI -0.02 to 0.57) and was significant over the course of t he study (ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57,p=0.004). There were no group differences in the language composite at follow-up (ES0.15, 95% CI -0 .23 to 0.53).Interpretation: The results are the first to show long-term symptom reduction after a randomised controlled trial of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder. They support the clinical value of the PACT intervention and have implications for developmental theory.02：Burden, risk factors, and comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems inKenyan children: a population-based study02、肯尼亚儿童的行为和情绪问题的负担、危险因素以及合并症：一项基于人群的研究杂志（ LANCET PSYCHIATRY ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 15.233）背景： Three-quarters of the burden of mental health problems 精神卫生问题occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa撒哈拉以南have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal围产期and early risk factors is high. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotionalproblems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast.方法： We did a population-based epidemiological study to assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System 基利菲健康和人口监测系统(KHDSS,a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Kilifi County Hospital).We used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 儿童行为调查表to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problems was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions.结果： 3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% CI 12 –14), for externalising problems 外化问题 was 10% (9–11), and for internalising problems was 22% (21–24). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems 躯体问题 (21%, 20–23), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale 基于精神疾病诊断准则手册（第四版）was anxiety problems (13%, 12–14). Factors associated with total problems included consumption of cassava (risk ratio 5·68, 95% CI 3·22–10·03), perinatal complications (4 34,·3 21·–5·81), seizure disorders (2 90,·2 24·–3·77), and house status(0 11,·0·08–0·14). Seizure disorders 癫痫, burn marks 烧伤, and respiratory problems 呼吸道疾病 were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems.理解：Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identified and addressed in young children.03： Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial03、孕妇补碘对儿童神经发育的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验杂志（ Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 19.313）Background ： Iodine deficiency during pregnancy might be associated with reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) score in offspring. We assessed the effect of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women 轻度碘缺乏孕妇 on neurodevelopment of their offspring in areas where schoolchildren were iodine sufficient .Methods： In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, pregnant women in Bangalore 班加罗尔, India, and Bangkok 曼谷 , Thailand, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 200 μg iodine orally once a day or placebo until delivery. Randomisation was done with acomputer-generated sequence and stratified by site. Co-primary outcomes 主要结果were verbal and performance IQ scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 韦氏学前和小学儿童智力量表Third Edition (WPPSI-III)and the global executive composite score from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in the children at age 5–6 years. The trial was double-blinded; some unmasking 揭盲 took place at age 2 years for an interim analysis中间分析 , but participants and nearly all investigators remained masked to group assignment until age 5–6 years. Analysis was by intention to treat using mixed-effects models.Findings：Between Nov 18, 2008, and March 12, 2011, 832 women entered the trial at a meangestational age of 10.7 weeks (SD 2. 7); median urinary iodine concentration was 131μ g/L(IQR 81 –213). Mean compliance with supplementation was 87%, assessed by monthly tabletcounts. 313 children (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=154) were analysed for verbaland performance IQ with WPPSI-III and 315 (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=156)for overall executive function with BRIEF-P. Mean WPPSI-III scores for verbal IQ were 89.5(SD 9 ·8) in the iodine group and 90. 2 (9 · 8) in the placebo group (difference -0· 7, 95% CI- 2·9 to 1 5;·p=0 77),· and for performance IQ were 97.5 (12 5) in the iodine· group and 99.1(13 · 4) in the placebo group (difference -1· 6, -4 · 5 to 1· 3; p=0-P global·44). The mean BRIEF executive composite score was 90.6 (26 2) in the·iodine group and 91.5 (270) in the ·placebogroup (difference -0·9, -6· 8 to 5· 0; p=0 · 74). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between groups during gestation or at delivery: 24 women in the iodine group and 28 in theplacebo group reported adverse events (iodine group: abortion, n=20; blighted ovum, and n=2;intrauterine death, n=2; placebo group: abortion, n=22; blighted ovum, n=1; intrauterine death,n=2; early neonatal death, n=1; and neonatal death, n=2).Interpretation ：Daily iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women hadno effect on child neurodevelopment at age 5–6 years.04： Incidence of and Factors Associated With Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Children,Based on Refraction Without Cycloplegia.04、基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国儿童近视和高度近视的发生率及相关因素杂志（ JAMA Ophthalmol ）发表年份（ 2018）期刊影响因子（ 6.669）IMPORTANCE: Myopia has reached epidemic levels among children in regions of East andSoutheast Asia. High myopia 高度近视 is associated with myopic macular degeneration 近视性黄斑变性 , glaucoma 青光眼 , and retinal detachment 视网膜脱落 .OBJECTIVE : To determine the incidence of myopia and high myopia based on refractionwithout cycloplegia among children in primary and junior high schools in China.DESIGN , SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was completed inGuangzhou, China. It consisted of a cohort from 19 primary schools , who were followedup from 2010 to 2015, and a cohort from 22 junior high schools , who were followed up from2010 to 2012. All schools were randomly chosen at rates proportional to the number ofschools in each of the city's 11 districts 所有学校都是按照与学校数量成比例的随机选择的.Students with or without myopia in grade 1 (primary school) or grade 7 (junior high school)were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis occurred from February 2017 to October 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalentrefraction (SER)等效球镜度数of -0.50 diopters (D) or less, as measured by subjectiverefraction 主觉验光without cycloplegia 睫状肌麻痹 ; high myopia was defined as a SER of-6.0 D or less. Annual incidences were defined as the proportion of participants each yearfound to have myopia or high myopia who did not previously have the condition . Height,weight, axial length (AL) 轴长 , corneal radius of curvature (CRC) 角膜曲率半径 , and AL/CRCratio were examined to assess if these measures were associated with future myopia or highmyopia.RESULTS: A total of 4741 students with or without myopia in either grade 1 for the primaryschool cohort (mean [SD] age 7.2 [0.4] years; 932 of 1975 [47.2%] female) or grade 7 for thejunior high school cohort (mean [SD] age 13.2 [0.5] years; 1254 of 2670 [47.0%] female)were included. Baseline mean (SD) SER was 0.31 (0.86) D among 1975 students in grade 1 vs -1.60 (2.00) D among 2670 students in grade 7. Baseline prevalence of myopia was 12.0% in grade 1 students (n?=?237 of 1969) and 67.4% in grade 7 students (n?=?1795 of 2663).The incidence of myopia was 20% to 30% each year throughout both cohorts. The incidence of high myopia was initially less than 1% in the primary school cohort (grade 1:n?=?2 of 1825; 0.1% [95% CI, 0.0%-0.3%]), but incidence exceeded 2% in the junior high school cohort (in grade 9: n?=?48 of 2044; 2.3% [95% CI, 1.0%-3.7%]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEV ANCE: The incidence of myopia among Chinese students based on refraction without cycloplegia is among the highest of any cultural or ethnic group.If confirmed with cycloplegic refraction, interventions to prevent myopia onset in Chinese populations should be initiated in primary schools. 基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国学生近视发生率是所有文化或民族中最高的。
研究生论文英文摘要范文
文章摘要中译英reading style of readers changed a lot in the recent years ,which require the library should change their working mode 。
the most important change is that the arise and fast increasing of the digital reading books,and portable reading style , the spread of the audio and video reading materials 。
this text is to describe the background and the changing trend of these reading style 。
at last ,we got the conclusion that the libraries should change their working mode to adapt the demand of development,and issue the advice to how to do the transition well 。
毕业论文,摘要的英文翻译！！急求！！从李镇西充满自由精神、平等精神和创新精神的语文课堂看，李镇西的语文课堂教学实践充分体现了其独具特色的语文民主教育思想。
Given the Chinese language lectures conducted by Li Zhenxi are fully inspired by the spirit of liberty, equality and creativity, it is evident that Li Zhenxi's ideology of Chinese democratic education has been put into full practice during class in a very unique way.。
科技文献英文摘要范文
科技文献英文摘要范文The rapid advancement of technology has reshaped ourdaily lives, making it easier to access information and communicate with others. This transformation has been drivenby innovations in artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things.In the field of healthcare, technology is revolutionizing patient care through telemedicine and the use of wearable devices that monitor vital signs in real-time. These advancements have the potential to improve outcomes andreduce healthcare costs.Environmental conservation is another area where technology plays a pivotal role. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are becoming more efficient and affordable, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels andmitigating the impact of climate change.Education is also undergoing a digital transformation. Online learning platforms and virtual classrooms are making education more accessible and personalized, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from anywhere in the world.However, with these technological advancements come new challenges. Cybersecurity is a growing concern as more of our personal and professional lives move online. Ensuring the protection of data and privacy is crucial in this digital age.As we embrace the benefits of technology, it is important to consider the ethical implications of its use. The development of autonomous vehicles, for example, raises questions about safety, liability, and the potential impact on employment in the transportation sector.In conclusion, the integration of technology into various aspects of society offers immense opportunities for growth and improvement. Yet, it also necessitates a thoughtful approach to its implementation, ensuring that it serves the greater good and addresses the concerns that arise from its use.。
科技文献中英文摘要范文
科技文献中英文摘要范文English:Scientific literature abstracts serve as concise summaries of research papers, providing readers with an overview of the study's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. An effective abstract is typically structured into distinct sections, including background or context, objectives or aims, methods or approach, results or findings, and conclusions or implications. In the background section, the abstract introduces the topic of the study, highlighting its significance and relevance to the field. The objectives section outlines the specific goals or aims of the research, clarifying what the study aims to achieve or investigate. The methods section describes the methodologies employed in the study, including experimental procedures, data collection techniques, and analytical approaches. The results section presents the key findings or outcomes of the research, often including numerical data or statistical analyses. Finally, the conclusions section summarizes the main implications or significance of the study's findings, discussing their broader implications for the field or potential applications. Overall, a well-written abstract effectively communicates the essential aspects of theresearch paper, helping readers quickly grasp the study's key points and decide whether to read the full paper.中文翻译:科技文献摘要作为研究论文的简洁总结，为读者提供研究目的、方法、结果和结论的概述。
毕业论文英文摘要范文
毕业论文英文摘要范文关于《毕业论文英文摘要范文》，是我们特意为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助。
毕业论文是离不开摘要的，摘要又称概要、内容提要。
摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
一般我们都写得是中文摘要，那么英文摘要又怎么写呢？写英文摘要又需要注意什么问题呢？下面学术堂列举三篇毕业论文英文摘要范文，来向大家说明。
毕业论文英文摘要范文一：论文题目：On the Title of EST and Aesthetic Effect in Its TranslationAbstract: With the development of science and technology, translation of English of Science and Technology has become more and more important. A good title can help readers understand the main ideas about some articles of science and technology at the first step. And a good translation can also shows the artistic effect and the content of the translator. The author wants to offer all the translation learners some ways to attract more readers by researching the titles of EST and artistic effects of them in this essay.Key words: EST; title; translation; artistic effects毕业论文英文摘要范文二：论文题目：On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional EquivalenceAbstract:The theories which proposed by Eugene A. Nida have affected many Chinese and foreign translators for a long time, especially the theory of functional equivalence. Functional equivalence refers to the equivalence on the functions but not on the forms and structures.In our daily life, we live with different advertisements, some of which are translated works. These advertisements are aimed at giving the potential customers a lasting impression and persuading them to buy their product. Therefore, in order to express the ideas of the original works and realize the goal for sale, the translators should take account of the cultural elements and social elements in order to achieve functional equivalence.This paper consists of three parts. The first part deals with the concept of functional equivalence and its aims and principles. The main aim of functional equivalence is to represent the information of the original work in the target language and achieve the equivalence of functions of languages. In order to make this concept clear, the author gives a brief introduction of different functions. Although different languages have different characteristics, their functions are nearly the same. That is to name the reality and to communicate with the people. The second part deals with the target, principles, requirements and cultural elements of advertisement translation. The third part, the most important part, points out the three main aspects of functional equivalence, semantic equivalence, social-cultural equivalence and stylistic equivalence. At the meantime, the equivalence on different levels and how to achieve functional equivalence in advertisement translation are also systematically illustrated.Key words: functional equivalence; advertisement translation; cultural elements毕业论文英文摘要范文三：论文题目：On Cultural Gaps and Untranslatability in Chinese Version of The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe from Perspective of FunctionalismAbstract:This thesis is an attempt to apply functionalism to literary translation and prove its feasibility by analyzing the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe causing by cultural gaps. Functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach translation by focusing on the function or functions of texts and translations. And the four important representatives of functionalism are Katharina Reiss, Hans J. Vermeer, Justa Holz-Mnttri and Christiane Nord. This thesis attempts to apply the core rules of Skopostheorie –？to analyze theuntranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe which is caused by cultural gaps, in the hope of gaining a better understanding of literary translation from the perspective of functionalism.This paper is composed of four chapters. The first one is introduction. Chapter 2 introduces the German Functionalism and translation theories including a brief introduction to the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe and the author Defoe. Chapter 3 goes over the application of the main translation theory Skopostheorie in analyzing the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe causing by cultural gaps with analyzing the culture factor in translation. Besides, this chapter also analyses the limitations of Skopostheorie. In chapter 4, the final conclusion is that functionalism is also applicable to literary translation and can provide a different perspective in solving the untranslatability causing by cultural gaps.Key Words: functionalism; skopostheorie; untranslatability; culture gaps; The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe。
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定义Definition：——From a consumer perspective, health tourism can be defined as traveling for the maintenance, enhancement or restoration of wellbeing in mind and body (Carrera and Bridges, 2006).——From a supplier perspective, health tourism can be defined as traveling to destinations which provide facilities and health-care services explicitly and in addition to their regular tourist amenities (Goodrich and Goodrich, 1987).——Scholars view health travel as comprising three elements:1. staying away from home;2. health as the primary motive or characteristic of trip; and3. occurring in a leisure setting (Hall, 1992; Bennett et al., 2004).——a commercial phenomena of industrial society which involves a person travelling overnight away from the normal home environment for the express benefit of maintaining or improving health, and the supply and promotion of facilities and destinations which seek to provide such benefits (Hall, 2003, p. 274).——wellness can be defined as the balanced state of body, spirit and mind, including such holistic aspects as self-responsibility, physical fitness/beauty care, healthy nutrition, relaxation, mental activity and environmental sensitivity as fundamental elements. （Messerli and Oyama (2004, p. 9)——medical travel is the international phenomenon of individuals travelling, often great distances, to access health-care services that are otherwise not available due to high costs, long waiting lists or limited health-care capacity in the country of origin, and medical tourism referring specifically to the increasing tendency among people from developed countries to undertake medical travel in combination with visiting tourist attractions. Medical tourism is often seen as adding medical services to common tourism. （ESCAP 2009, p. 1)——Health promotion：——the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health".[1]The primary means of health promotion occur through developing healthy public policy that addresses the prerequisites of health such as income, housing, food security, employment, and quality working conditions. By the World Health Organization's 2005 Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World----the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. By the American Journal of Health PromotionWorksite health promotion programs----include exercise, nutrition, smoking cessation and stress management.旅游动机：Health travel is driven by:⏹shifts in demographic structures as well as lifestyles and an active aging population (Opaschowski, 2006; Jordan and Gibson, 2005; Mehmetoglu et al., 2001);⏹the need for stress reduction among the working population (Tarlow and Muehsam, 1992; Elliott and Johns, 1993; Grell, 1994);⏹ a shift in the medical paradigm towards prevention and alternative practices (Murray, 1995);⏹increased interaction between public health and health psychology (Winett et al., 1999);⏹the shift from mass tourism towards customized forms of travel (Goodrich and Goodrich, 1997).Motivation for health travel:Hallab (2006) identified five factors of motivations for health travel, including healthy living, excitement/thrills, education, indulge, and escape.世界养生旅游目的地Health Travel DestinationLeading among such treatment travel is Cuba, especially for the American tourists/patients. India is also packaging itself in similar terms.Ayurvedic treatment and yoga are two upcoming products in this regard in the international tourism market. Thailand is trying to shake off its previous notorious popularity and gain ground as a tourist destination for health tourism.⏹SwitzerlandIn 2004 5.8 percent of all trips of Swiss residents could be considered health oriented, up from 3.3 percent in 2001 and 1.9 percent in 1998. They mainly take place in spring and autumn (Bieger and Laesser, 2005).In terms of socio-demographics, health travelers appear to be rather female, middle aged, medium to well educated and predominantly working in middle and high managerial positions. Health travel in contrast can hardly be found with retirees.⏹Thailandit is emphasising on long stay health care, wherein the target patients from developed countries can stay/afford long-term treatment away from home. Usually these health resorts in Thailand provide medical facilities for checkups or treatment. The resorts also incorporate other activities such as traditional Thai massage, spas and herbal treatment. Speciality services, such as, dental care may be arranged on request and cultural tours are usually thrown in.In addition, short-stay health care targets include executives who would like to take a short vacation in Thailand and have their periodical health check-up or some minor health problems taken care of without waiting in long lines.The cost of health care in Thailand is relatively cheap. A coronary bypass at a leading Bangkok hospital costs US $6500, approximately half the US price. Annual income of Thailand from health tourism is estimated to be around US $40 million according to the officials at the Ministry of Commerce (/issues/ oct2000/headline/healdine_main.htm) .⏹Singapore⏹Macao---Malo Clinic-Spa⏹Dead Sea 死海周边Dead Sea is promoted/marketed as a place/destination with unique combination ofsalts and minerals, higher oxygen content and therapeutic mud which alleviates skin conditions, muscular, articular and some respiratory problems. Many sites on the heating effects of Dead Sea are posted by travel agents, state tourist board and also hotels such as Hyatt Regency. These sites have information on specialised treatment sessions for dermatological problems, Arthritic and Rheumatic conditions, Respiratory conditions and so on. Sometimes one spa or treatment clinic provide only one service and sometimes all the treatment facility.India:Dental treatmentAyurveda韦达养生学（Ayurveda）即源于阿塔发韦达经，着重以饮食、运动、生活习惯来预防疾病。