日常英语图解字典
英语词典
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753271446>朗文袖珍英汉双解精选词典上海译文27.7 753271136>汉英医学写作用语词典上海译文42.4 7.53271E+11>朗文英汉双解活用词典上海译文56.87.5327E+11>新英汉词典/增补本上海译文49 753272789>新日汉成语谚语词典上海译文25780613445>新编英语语法词典上海远东15.5 780661412>实用英语搭配词典上海远东15 780661255>新编英语流行语词典上海远东15 780661204>速成E-mail英语上海远东6 780661190>速成社交英语上海远东6 7.80515E+11>实用学生英语词典上海远东38 780661120>新编英语正误词典上海远东12.8 780661104>新编大学英语短语词典上海远东15 780613965>新编汉英分类词典上海远东9.8 780613785>远东微型英汉词典上海远东7 7.80614E+11>新编汉英词典上海远东20 780613259>新编英汉词典上海远东14.5 780613349>新编英汉学生实用图解辞典上海远东25 780613642>中国中学生英语词汇手册(高中)上海远东10 780613731>新编汉英词典上海远东18781046875>新编英语表达袖珍词典上海外教21781046952>动词(一)/柯林斯COBUILD英语语法句型上海外教29 781046955>柯林斯COBUILD袖珍英语习语词典上海外教14.5781080030>(二)/名词与形容词/柯林斯COBUILD英语语法句上海外教24.5 781009190>新世纪英语新词语双解词典上海外教78 781046905>柯林斯COBUILD学生英语词典上海外教39.5 781046073>新编英汉袖珍词典上海外教28 781046713>当代英美语惯用法词典上海外教34 781046552>简明汉英分类表达词典上海外教53 781046545>新编英汉微型词典上海外教18 781046478>简明英语学习惯表达法词典上海外教40 781046947>柯林斯COBUILD英语用法词典上海外教35.5 781046933>袖珍英语语法词典上海外教9.5754411402>无敌英语通解词典沈阳497.56361E+11>口袋书第二分册石油大学5 756361064>口袋书第一分册石油大学5750213892>大学英语多功能考试词典石油工业36 750213900>美音版大学英语辞典石油工业28750623696>英汉双解汽车工程词典世界图书35 750623468>英语字根/字首/字尾分类字典世界图书24750623696>英汉双解汽车工程词典世界图书35750840936>Hutchinson 易混淆英语单词袖珍词典水利电力8 750840935>Hutchinson英语用法袖珍词典水利电力6780543965>英语句子辞典四川辞书48 780543906>学生英语学习词典(精)四川辞书28 780543905>学生英汉速查词典四川辞书36 7.80544E+11>学生英汉汉英多用词典四川辞书15722005764>近代中国专名翻译词典四川人民198 780141214>最新英汉汉英多功能词典台海69780624455>商务英语常用词汇/商务英语.完全自助手册天地15 780624551>英语会话阶梯学习手册天地 6.5 780624552>英语词组阶梯学习手册天地 6.5 780624553>英语语法要点阶梯学习手册天地10780624454>商务英语会话用语/商务英语.完全自助手册天地12 780624554>英语句型阶梯学习手册天地7 780624443>5000英语基本单词阶梯记忆手册天地10753082321>学生新英汉词典(修订本)天津科技22 720103032>精选英语常用词学习词典天津人民36 756081939>中学生简明英语用法双解词典同济大学18.5756002536>中国初中英语学习词典外教研12.9 7.56001E+11>大英汉词典外教研69.9 756003036>高级英汉词典外教研74.9 756002878>英汉美英报刊词典外教研36.9 756002874>20世纪新词语词典外教研33.9 756002188>现代汉英词典(新版)外教研49.9 756002914>英汉医学词典外教研99.9 756002801>英汉经济贸易词典外教研59.9 756002132>牛津英语同义词词典(英汉版)外教研27.9 756002563>朗文初阶英汉双解词典(第二版)外教研27.9 756002806>牛津袖珍英汉双解词典外教研59.9 756002496>儿童生活主题英汉词典外教研29.9 756002493>现代英汉词典外教研49.9 756002323>朗文十万词词典外教研29.9756001842>英汉双解信息技术词典外教研23.9 756001881>21世纪小小英汉词典外教研13.9 756002293>中国小学英语学习词典英汉对照外教研35 756002251>即学即用英语会话词典外教研21.9 756002250>英语姓名词典外教研21.9 756002798>剑桥英语学习词典外教研35.9 756001666>图解儿童英汉词典/图书/光盘共计外教研68 756002153>初阶美国英语学习词典（英汉双解）外教研36.9 756001564>英汉双解初学者词典外教研29.9 756001566>钱伯斯基础英语词典外教研69.9 756001586>最新全国职称考试英汉词典外教研18.9 756001601>西汉经贸词典外教研49.9 756001610>现代儿童图解英汉词典外教研19.9756001326>朗文当代英语辞典(英语版)1995年最新版外教研69.9756001665>当代美国英语学习词典(英汉双解)(最新版)外教研68.9 7.56002E+11>图解儿童英汉词典/图书/光盘共计外教研39.9 756002021>实用汉日词典外教研21.9 756001770>牛津袖珍英语词典外教研38.9 756002799>现代德汉汉德词典外教研69.9 756001832>最新宝石英汉小词典外教研18.9 756002187>英汉双解医学词典外教研28.9 7.56E+11>新编学生实用英汉小词典外教研9.8 756001622>新闻英语分类词典外教研12.9 7.56E+11>小小英汉词典外教研8.8 756001325>汉英词典(修订版缩印本)外教研69.9 7.56E+11>学生英汉汉英词典外教研19.9 756002189>牛津英汉双解小词典(新版)外教研21.9 756000295>小小汉英词典外教研9.9 7.56E+11外教研15.9 756000488>牛津当代英语成语词典外教研49.9 756002107>英汉汉英艺术词典外教研52.9 756001838>牛津英语小词典外教研16.9 756001941>基础英汉词典外教研66.9 756000956>汉英国际贸易和金融词典外教研52.9 756001110>初级英语词典外教研69.9 7.56001E+11>新编小小英汉词典外教研11.9 756001294>学生英汉双解小词典外教研18.9711901972>汉英词典常用词汇外文32 711902553>英语外来语大辞典 英汉对照外文287.11902E+14>21世纪汉英词典外文40 711902400外文40 711902258>汉英外事工作常用词汇外文48 711902023>汉英小词典外文 5.8 711902022>英汉小词典外文 4.8 711901567>英汉词典外文39.8 711902013>轻松游戏学日语外文10 711902603>袖珍英汉辞典外文18.8 711902928>现代新小小英汉词典外文7.8 711902014>袖珍汉英词典外文13.8711902946>英汉多用词典外文26.8 711903235>袖珍英汉双解词典外文16.8 711903125>当代美国短语习语词典外文38 711902926>现代新英汉词典外文12.8 711902965>英语短语词典外文12.8 711902660>新时代学生英汉汉英词典外文8.8 711902933>英语考试词典外文13.8 711902927>现代新汉英词典外文12.8 711903237>英汉解析词典外文29.8711902906>双解版/学生英语基础词汇双解考试词典外文36 711902905>英汉版/学生英语基础词汇考试词典外文34 711902661>新时代学生英汉词典外文8 711903119>英汉科技辞典外文35754172312>新世纪彩图少儿英汉词典未来25 780676011>英语谚语辞典文汇28730703142>世界汉英分类微型辞典武汉大学15 730702789>世界英汉词组与习语微型辞典武汉大学6 730702866>世界英汉微型辞典武汉大学13 730703292>英语常用同义词近义词小词典武汉大学33 730702909>世界英汉幽默微型辞典武汉大学6 730703154>世界英汉常用动词1000词微型辞典武汉大学11 730703167>世界汉英正误句微型辞典武汉大学7.5 730703242>世界英汉缩写词微型辞典武汉大学8.5 730703292>英语常用同义词近义词小词典武汉大学33 730702904>世界英汉英美英语对照微型辞典武汉大学57.56121E+11>GRE词汇必备西北工大12 7.56121E+11>TOEFL词汇必备西北工大9 7.56121E+11>自考英语词汇必备西北工大8 7.56121E+11>六级英语词汇必备西北工大7 7.56121E+11>四级词汇考点统览西北工大187.56121E+14>考研词汇6000西北工大15 7.56121E+14>英语词汇必备/硕士学位课程考试西北工大10 7.56121E+14>考研关键词汇 英语学习掌中宝西北工大7 7.56121E+14>英语专业八级词汇10000西北工大17 7.56121E+14>英语专业四级词汇7000西北工大147.56121E+14>高考词汇2400西北工大8 756121456>四级词汇4200-金典英语词汇达标.西北工大15 7.56121E+11>TOEFL词汇必备西北工大9 7.56121E+11>英语学习掌中宝·CET6关键词汇西北工大9 7.56121E+11>六级英语词汇必备西北工大77.56121E+14>四。
英语单词生活百科词典(彩色图文A4版)
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昼矗 """'
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圆形英语单词
圆形 Round 方形Square三角形 Triangular(Delta Type) 长方形(矩形) Rectangular菱形(斜方形) Rhombus(Diamond) 椭圆形 Oval 圆锥形 Conical圆柱形 Cylindrical蛋形 Egg-Shaped 葫芦形 Pear-Shaped 五边形 Pentagon六边形 Hexagon七边形 Heptagon八边形立菱形 Upright Diamond菱形 Diamond Phombus双菱形 Double Diamond内十字菱形 Gross in Diamond四等分菱形 Divided Diamond 突角菱形Diamond with Projecting Ends斜井形 Projecting Diamond内直线菱形 Line in Diamond内三线突角菱形 Three Line in Projecting Diamond三菱形 Three Diamond附耳菱形 Diamond with Looped Ends 正方形 Square Box长方形 Rectangle梯形 Echelon Formation平行四边形 Parallelogram井筒形 Intersecting Parallels五边形 Pentagon 六边形 Hexagon长六边形 Long Hexagon圆形 Circle/Round二等分圆 Bisected Circle双环形 Crossed Circle双圆形 Double Circle双带圆形 Zoned Circle长圆形 Long Circle椭圆形 Oval双缺圆形 Double Indented Circle圆内三角形 Triangle in Circle三角形 Triangle 六角星形 Hexangular Star 二重三角形 Double Triangle对顶三角形 Hourgrass Touching Triangle内外三角形 Three Triangle十字形 Cross圆内十字形 Cross in Circle山角形 Angle义架形Crotch直线 Line 月牙形 Crescent心形 Heart星形 StarCommittee of the Chinese People's Political ConsultativeConference (CPPCC)中国人民政治协商会议chairman 政协第十二届全国委员会主席vice-chairpersons 副主席secretary-general 秘书长Standing Committee members 常务委员presidium of the CPPCC National Committee 全国政协十二届一次会议主席团patriotic united front 爱国统一战线multi-party cooperation 多党合作political consultation 政治协商non-Communist parties 民主党派personages without party affiliation 无党派人士people's organizations 人民团体compatriots of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, returned overseas Chinese, and specially invitedpeople台湾同胞、香港同胞、澳门同胞和归国侨胞的代表以及特别邀请的人士Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Protocol Department 礼宾司Information Department 新闻司diplomatic mission 外交代表机构embassy 大使馆legation 公使馆consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆office of the chargeé d'affaires, 代办处military attaché's office, 武官处commercial counsellor's office 商务处press section, in formation service 新闻处liaison office 联络处diplomat 外交家, 外交官diplomatic rank 外交官衔diplomatic representative 外交代表members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员ambassador 大使ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使nuncio 教廷大使internuncio 教廷公使counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞chargé d'affaires, 代办chargé d'affasiread interim, 临时代办counsellor 参赞first secretary 一等秘书second secretary 二等秘书third secretary 三等秘书attaché, 随员commercial secretary 商务参赞cultural secretary 文化参赞commercial attaché, 商务专员cultural attaché, 文化专员military attaché, 武官naval attaché, 海军武官air attaché, 空军武官consul-general 总领事consul 领事doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长roving ambassador 巡回大使ambassador-at-large 无任所大使special envoy 特使accredited to ... 向…派遣的foreign affairs 外交memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人de jure recognition 法律承认commnique 公报announcement 公告, 通告letter of credence, credentials 国书mutual recognition 互相承认establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系letter of introduction 介绍书during one's absence 离任期间identification card 身份证statement 声明de facto recognition 事实上承认persona grata 受欢迎的人diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic immunities 外交豁免diplomatic privileges 外交特权diplomatic channels 外交途径diplomatic courier 外交信使diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋letter of appointment 委任书certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书declaration, manifesto 宣扬letter of recall 召回公文note 照会verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会formal note 正式照会normalization 正常化be appointed ambassador to ... 被任命为驻…大使to express regret 表示遗憾to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系to resume charge of the office, to return to one's post 返任to proceed to take up one's post 赴任to present one's credentials 递交国书to exchange ambassadors 互派大使to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系to establish consular relations 建立领事关系to assume one's post 就任to take exception to; to object to 提出异议to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格to make representations to, to take up a (the) matter with 向…交涉to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议to request the consent of... 征求…的同意to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系 tea party 茶会an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会delegation 代表团head of the delegation, leader of the delegation 团长deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长member of the delegation 代表团成员memorial speech 悼词to develop the relations offriendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系prosperity and strength 繁荣富强visit 访问friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问informal visit 非正式访问official visit 正式访问private visit 私人访问state visit 国事访问obituary 讣告questions of common interest;question of common concern 共同关心的问题state banquet 国宴message of greeting, message of congratulation 贺电speech of welcome 欢迎词welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会cocktail party 鸡尾酒会good health and a long life 健康长寿profound condolence 深切哀悼cordial hospitality 盛情接待the two sides, the two parties 双方luncheon 午宴message of condolence 唁电reception 招待会toast 祝酒词memorial meeting 追悼会to convey one's sympathy 表示慰问to meet with 会见to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队to exchange views 交换意见to receive 接见to be shocked to learn of 惊悉be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to maintain 认为to propose a toast to... 提议为…干杯on the happy occasion of 欣逢on learning with great joy 欣悉to give a banquet in honour of... 宴请…on invitation, upon invitation 应邀at the invitation of... 应…邀请in the company of..., accompanied by... 在…陪同下to express one's sincere congratulations and best wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福to take note of... 注意到His (Her, Your) Majesty 陛下His (Her, Your) Royal Highness 殿下His (Her, Your) Excellency 阁下His excellency Mr. President and Mme... …总统先生阁下和夫人（Mme：Madam的缩写）下面介绍26种记忆英语步骤/方法1.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。
英语学习者必备的词典
1、金山词霸2005优点：可以屏幕取词！十分方便！现在2005的版本还可以在PDF上取词！中国学者的必背！（还可以在迷你歌词里面取词！）2、Longman Dictionary Of Contemporary English 4th 郎文当代4优点：very good one for all English users.2000个基本词汇解释了106000个词汇！怎么一个牛字了得！XDF 的老师强烈推荐！解释、短语、例句都十分到位！有英语和美语2种发音！号称是最好的英语学习词典！缺点：在安装Longman advanced American English Dictionary 4th时，只能安装STANDARD，如果用FULL安装的话，则语言文件出错,不知何解？3、M-webster's 美国人的新华字典，第一本美语词典！有很多版本！推荐：11th Collegiate Audio Deluxe + 3rd Unabridged + CollegiateThesaurusIf you want to take the TOEFL,GRE and GMAT tests, you need use Webster Dictionary. But it's no good for Enlish learners who have known only 1，000-4,000 words.4、ROGET 的同义词词典英语学习者可选择的词典1、macmillan dictionary （迈克米伦）2、郎文高级美语3、牛津图解词典词汇量很少！4、Oxford dictionary 3 (2CD)only is used by English Teachers and Researchers, because it can give you lots ofinformation about the word you are looking up.But it's is not good for Students because it would cost your so much time.Webster's 3rd New International Dictionary5、Collins在介绍用法上是强项学习英语词语的搭配以及地道的口语，书面语表达法6、longman interactive english dictionary7、美国传统词典学地道的美语英语词典的误区：（1）OXFORD 的词典就是最牛的！牛津最牛的词典是：Oxford English Dictionary（OED）第一版的篇写花了71年，最新的版本在7，8年前出版的，有20卷，每一卷1300页左右，共有70多万个词条，包含了最全的引用语、用法、词源，是世界上第一本大型的英语词典，号称是世界上最伟大的英语词典，地位超群！缺点：过于具大！从而导致更新较慢！！！查找积不方便，不适用于大部分的英语学习和使用者！仅适用于少数的英语研究者和收藏家！牛津最适用的词典：the short Oxford English Dictionary (SOED)Oxford English Dictionary（OED）的缩写本，最新的好象是2002年左右的版本（HJftp 上有电子版下，强烈推荐！），只有2卷，共3000页左右，包含OED的大部分词汇和OED所没有的新词！大约50万个词条！评论牛津高阶双解：中国人用的最多的词典！XDF有人说这是一本香港人写的词典！并非OXFORD的老外写的！（消息来源不是十分可靠！）用3000的基本词汇解释，用法、注释都十分一般！根本就比不上Longmanadvanced American English Dictionary （见前面的介绍！）牛津还出了很多专业词典，和分类词典，都很不错，可以根据自己的喜好选择！但是这些词典都比较片面，根本就不能够用“牛” 这个字来形容！（2）要那么多字典干啥？一本足够了。
英语国际音标表和发音图解
英语国际音标表和发音图解TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】英语国际音标表和发音图解1、英语音标发音表:英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。
确实不易。
笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。
二、辅音学习:发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是清辅音，要送气。
但声带不振动。
发音练习:speak pea peach pig pie peak pill pack cap tap发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bird bee beach bear book big bad bye pill buy发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音，是清辅音，要送气，但声带不振动。
发音练习: tea boat fate neat tear tie time at coat bright发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bed dad date deer dig deed duck do doom die发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是清辅音，要送气，但声带不振动。
发音练习:back kill come make cap kite pick card steak lake发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bag girl gap give pig gate sugar lag glass game发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，摩擦成音。
这样记日常单词
几张图让你记住所有英语生活常用词！绝对收藏！Shopping mall 商场- elevator 升降电梯- men’s clothing department 男装部- mannequin 人体模特- fitting room 试衣间- display counter 陈列柜- women’s clothing department 女装部- price tag 价标- cosmetics department 化妆品专柜- salesclerk 销售员- department store 百货商店- information desk 咨询台- household appliances department 家用电器部- home electronics department 家用电子产品部- shopper/customer 顾客- shopping bag 购物袋- escalator 自动扶梯Concession stand 小卖部- bottled water 瓶装水- poster 海报- candy 糖果- pretzel 双圈饼干- cookie 曲奇饼- gum 口香糖- mustard 芥末- popsicle 棒冰- drumstick 鸡腿- chicken nuggets 鸡块- popcorn 爆米花- hamburger 汉堡- soft drink 软饮料- ketchup 番茄酱- fries 薯条- hot dog 热狗- paper cup 纸杯Classroom 教室- clock 钟- window 窗户- door 门- desk 桌子- flag 旗子- bookshelf 书架- pencil box 铅笔盒- pencil 铅笔- magnets 磁铁- white board 白板- notebook 笔记本- eraser 橡皮- ruler 尺- marker 马克笔- computer 计算机- textbooks 教科书- blackboard 黑板- chalk 粉笔- blackboard eraser 黑板擦Laundromat 自助洗衣店- dryer 烘干机- screen 筛- washboard 搓衣板- detergent 洗涤剂- starch 浆粉- washtub 洗衣盆- bleach 漂白剂- fabric softener 织物柔顺剂- measuring cup 量杯- washing machine 洗衣机- hamper 篮子- lint 软麻布- clothesline 晾衣绳- stain 污点Gardening 园艺- shed 小屋- shrubs 灌木丛- plant pots 花盆- cuttings 插条- rake 耙- hoe 锄- spade 铲- seeds 种子- lawn mower 割草机- bulbs 鳞茎- shears 大剪刀- hose 软管- compost heap 堆肥堆- sprinkler 洒水器- fertilizer 肥料- grass cuttings 碎草屑- dung 粪- weeds 杂草Backyard 后院- birdbath 水盆- tire swing 轮胎秋千- umbrella 伞- picnic table 野餐桌- barbeque grill 烤架- tree house 树屋- garden 花园- lawn mower 割草机- dog 狗- dog house 狗屋- slide 滑梯- hose 软管- patio 露台- cat 猫- birdhouse 禽舍- ant hill 蚁丘- swing 秋千- swing set 秋千架Farm 农场- field 田地- haystack 干草堆- wagon 四轮车- wagon wheel 车轮- hay 干草- rope 绳子- fence 篱笆- hoe 锄- rake 耙- horseshoe 马掌- shovel 铲- corn 谷物- pitchfork 干草叉- horse 马- trough 饲料槽- barn 谷仓- tractor 拖拉机- wheat 小麦想学习更多英语知识，请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyyAmusement Park 游乐园- water slide 水滑道- games 游戏- vomit 呕吐- ticket booth 售票处- line 队伍- carousel 旋转木马- tracks 轨道- Ferris wheel 摩天轮- Haunted house 鬼屋- Seat 座位- Food stand 饮食摊- Roller coaster 过山车- Cotton candy 棉花糖- Seat belt 安全带- Car 车厢Dentist Office 牙科诊所- x-ray machine x光机- Sink 水槽- overhead light 顶灯- towel 毛巾- Paper cup 纸杯- section hose 节管- Dental chair 牙科手术椅- Mirror 镜子- Tools 工具- Tray 托盘- Drill 钻子- Toothbrush 牙刷- Dentures 假牙- Mold 模子- Teeth 牙齿- Dental floss 牙线Easter 复活节- basket 篮子- egg 蛋- chocolate 巧克力- handle 手把- fake grass 人造草- dye 染料- marshmallows 棉花软糖- paint 油漆- bunny 兔子- paint brush 油漆刷- whiskers 胡须- plastics egg 塑料蛋- jelly beans 豆型软糖- ears 耳朵- paws 爪子Makeup 化妆品- moisturizer 润肤乳- blush 腮红- brushes 刷子- lip liner 唇线笔- nail polish 指甲油- tweezers 镊子- nail polish remover 洗甲水- face wash 洗面乳- lipstick 口红- foundation 粉底霜- eyeliner 眼线笔- mascara 睫毛膏- nail file 指甲锉- lip gloss 唇彩Hair Salon 发廊- sink 水槽- barber’s chair 理发师的椅子- mirror 镜子- curling iron 卷发棒- comb 梳子- brush 刷子- hair dryer 吹风机- scissors 剪子- shampoo 洗发水- mousse 摩斯- shaving cream 剃须膏- razor 剃刀- hair clip 发夹- bobby pins 发夹- hair spray 发胶- styling gel 发胶- towel 毛巾- conditioner 护发素Swimming Pool 游泳池- Lifeguard 救生员- Umbrella 伞- lounge chair 躺椅- bikini 比基尼- diving board 跳板- swimming pool 泳池- net 网- lockers 储物柜- locker room 更衣室- earplugs 耳塞- towel 毛巾- life ring 救生圈- swimming suit 泳衣- swimming cap 泳帽- goggles 泳镜- sunscreen 防晒霜- ball 球- swimming trunks 泳裤- kickboard 踢水板- ladder 梯子Closet 衣橱- blazer 小西装- suspenders 吊裤带- suit 套装- tie 领带- pants 裤子- vest 背心- raincoat 雨衣- blouse 女士衬衣- scarf 围巾- purse 女手提袋- skirt 短裙子- coat 大衣- hanger 衣架- dress 连衣裙- T-shirt T恤- Tank top 运动背心- Shorts 短裤- Socks 袜子- Belt 皮带- Jeans 牛仔裤- Sweater 毛衣- Drawer 抽屉Lunch Box 便当- lunch box 便当盒- thermos 热水瓶- straw 吸管- fork 叉- knife 刀- spoon 勺- sugar packet 糖包- lid 盖子- salad 沙拉- latch 闩- yogurt 乳酪- hinge 脚链- sandwich 三明治- pepper 胡椒- napkin 餐巾- Ziploc bag 密封塑料袋- Pepper 胡椒- salt packet 盐包Nursery 托儿所- high chair 儿童椅- pacifier 奶嘴- baby bottle 奶瓶- bib 围嘴- teddy bear 泰迪熊- blanket 毯子- baby wipes 婴儿湿巾- rattle 摇响器- diaper 尿布- crib 婴儿床- playpen 游戏围栏- stroller 婴儿车- rocking horse 摇摆木马- booties 婴儿袜Toy Box 玩具箱- doll 娃娃- yo-yo 悠悠球- fire engine 消防车- toy box 玩具箱- slinky 弹簧玩具- toy soldiers 玩具士兵- blocks 积木- legos 乐高积木- robot 机器人- crayons 蜡笔- remote controlled car 遥控汽车- Barbie 芭比娃娃- Car 车- Teddy bear 泰迪熊- Ball 球- Walkie-talkie 对讲机Cruise Ship 游艇- swimming trunks 游泳裤- deck 夹板- cocktail 鸡尾酒- sandals 拖鞋- life vest 救生衣- seagull 海鸥- deck chair 躺椅- bikini 比基尼- anchor 锚- life ring 救生圈- rope 绳子- captain 船长- life boat 救生艇- oar 浆- porthole 舷窗Fruit Market 水果超市- water melon 西瓜- plastic bags 塑料袋- mandarin orange 橘子- kiwi frui 奇异果- sugar cane 甘蔗- peach 桃子- grapes 葡萄- honeydew melon 甜瓜- basket 篮子- papaya 木瓜- guava 番石榴- lime 青柠- lemon 柠檬- star fruit 杨桃- seeds 种子- nectarine 油桃- scale 秤- grapefruit 葡萄柚- plum 李子- mango 芒果- taro 芋头Orchestra 管弦乐队- bass （低音部）- harp 竖琴- conductor 指挥- cello 大提琴- bow 弓- music stand 乐谱架- sheet music 乐谱- baton 指挥棒- drums 鼓- clarinet 单簧管- violin 小提琴- viola 中提琴- saxophone 萨克斯- flute 长笛- trombone 长号- trumpet 小号Scuba Diving 潜水- buoyancy compensation device(BCD) 浮力补偿背心- wet suit 潜水湿衣- spear gun 鱼枪- fins 蛙鞋- mask 面镜- compass 罗盘- weight belt 配重带- snorkel 呼吸管- outboard motor 舷外发动机- gauge 潜水计量器- regulator 调节器- mouth piece 吸嘴- tropical fish 热带鱼- air tank 空气桶- underwater camera 水下摄像机- coral 珊瑚- booties 潜水靴- boat 船- glove 潜水手套- flashlight 手电筒Toolbox 工具箱- screws 螺丝- tape measure 卷尺- screwdriver 螺丝刀- bolts 螺栓- saw 锯子- washers 垫圈- nuts 螺母- hammer 锤子- wrench 扳手- nails 钉子- utility knife 工具刀- toolbox 工具箱- level 水平- sledgehammer 大锤- drill 钻孔机- tape 胶带- c-clamp C形夹。
【看漫画 学英语】朗文儿童英语彩图字典(图解版)_202009090926161
• Song
Sing the Alphabet Song.
z
Numbers
] one
\ van
2
启&聰 elephants
3 three F 丄 dogs
4 four
umbrellas
5腥 6
7 SIX ” \\\\\\
penguins violins
k X / W 8 segignht ■•曇
点妙
• Activities
1. Find something yellow. Find something brown. 2. What's your favorite color? Now ask your friend.
• Dialog
A： What colofs the shark?
B Its gray.
缓 19. playing
music
• Hidden Object
Find the hidden in the picture.
• Activity
How many green vegetables are at the party? How many orange vegetables are at the party? Make two lists.
11. pumpkin
、12. chili -» 13.
、. garlic
14. corn
15. mushroom
6. tomato 7. broccoli 8. cabbage 9. carrot 10. cucumber
16. green pepper
17. singing
18. dancing
三年级上册英语思维导图简单又漂亮每单元1张
单词类：Pen(钢笔) pencil(铅笔)bag(书包) ruler(尺子)book(书) eraser(橡皮擦)sharpener(削笔刀) pencil-case(铅笔盒) school(学校)plane(飞机)crayon (蜡笔)head(头)face(脸) nose(鼻子)mouth(嘴) eye(眼睛)ear (耳朵) arm(胳膊)hand(手) finger(手指)leg (腿) foot(脚)body(身体)red(红色)yellow(黄色)green(绿色)blue(蓝色)purple(紫色)black(黑色) orange(橙色)cat(猫) dog(狗)monkey(猴子) panda(熊猫)rabbit(兔子) duck(鸭子)pig(小猪) bird(小鸟)bear(熊) elephant(大象)mouse(老鼠) squirrel(松鼠)cake(蛋糕) bread(面包)hot dog(热狗) hamburger(汉堡包)chicken(鸡肉) French fries(炸薯条)Coke(可乐) juice(果汁)milk(牛奶) water(水)tea(茶) coffee(咖啡)one(一) two(二)three(三) four (四)five(五) six(六)seven(七) eight(八)nine(九) ten (十)doll(玩具娃娃) boat(小船)ball(球) kite(风筝)balloon(气球) car (小汽车)句型类：1 :见面打招呼。
S1:Hello!你好!S2：Hi!你好!S3：Hello, I’m Wu Yifan.你好，我的名字叫吴一帆。
S4：Hi，I’m Sarah.你好!我是萨拉。
S5：Bye,Miss White!再见，怀特小姐!S6：Goodbye!再见!2：询问对方的姓名。
S1：Hello ，I’m Mike. What’s your name? 你好，我是迈克。
英语日常生活词汇附图
1.public-address speaker 广播2.map 地图3.chalkboard 黑板4.class shedule课表an 管风琴6.globe 地球仪7.eraser 黑板擦8.chalk 粉笔9.shoe rack 鞋架10.platform 讲台11.desk 书桌12.chair 椅子13.textbook 教材1. water melon 西瓜2. plastic bags 塑料袋3. mandarin orange 橘子4. kiwi frui奇异果5. sugar cane 甘蔗6. peach 桃子7. grapes 葡萄8. honeydew melon 甜瓜9. basket 篮子10.papaya 木瓜11. guava 番石榴12.lime 青柠13. lemon 柠檬14. star fruit 杨桃15.seeds 种子16. nectarine 油桃17. scale 秤18. grapefruit 葡萄柚19.plum 李子20. mango 芒果21. taro 芋头1.head 头2.eyebrow 眉毛3.forehead 前额4.chin 下巴5.neck 脖子6.cheest 胸部7.navel 肚脐8.thigh 大腿9. foot 脚10.buttocks 臀部11.waist 腰部12.abdomen 腹部13.cheek 脸颊14.mouth 口15.teeth 牙齿16.nose 鼻子17.eye 眼睛18.eyelash 睫毛19.hair 头发20.cerebrum 大脑21.cerebellum 小脑22.lung 肺23.heart 心脏24.stomach 胃rge intestine 大肠26 samall intestine 小肠27. kindney肾28.liver 肝脏29.bladder 膀胱1.helmet 头盔2.spoke 辐条3.lock 锁4.seat 座子5.gears 齿轮6.rim 轮辋7.chain 链条8.kickstand 支架9.derailleur 变速器10.wheels 轮胎11.water bottle holder 水壶架12.headset 车头碗组13.pedal 踏板14.gear shifter 变速杆15.brake 刹车16.handle bar 车把17.reflector 反光灯18.basket 车篮19.shock 避震条20.bike rack 车架1.doghouse 犬屋wn mower 割草机3.satellite dish 碟形卫星信号接受器4.basketball hoop 篮筐5.curtain 窗帘6.garage 车房,车库7.porch 入口处8.driveway 车库通向马路的空地9.mailbox 信箱10.dormer 屋顶窗11.skylight 天窗12.chimney 烟囱13.French window 落地窗14.balcony 阳台15.venetian blind 百叶窗帘16.shutter 百叶窗17.bay window 凸窗;窗台wn 草坪,草地19.shrubs 灌木20.sprinkler 自动撒水器1.window 窗户2.television 电视机3.console 主控台控制台4.chair 椅子5.floor 地板,地面6.carpet 地毯7.coffee table (置于沙发前的)茶几8.clock 钟9.calendar 日历10.door 门11.light switch 灯开关12.bookcase 书柜，书橱13.throw pillow 靠枕14.couch 沙发mp 灯mp shade 灯罩17.wall 墙1.lighter 打火机2.matches 火柴3.ashtray 烟灰缸4.cigarette 香烟5.armchair 扶手椅6.end table 茶几7.vase 花瓶8.telephone 电话机9.waste basket 垃圾桶10.recliner 卧椅11.rocking chair 摇椅12.air conditioner 空调13.vacuum cleaner 吸尘器1.refrigerator 冰箱2.dish rack 碗架3.counter 柜台4.sink 洗涤槽,水槽5.wok 铁锅(带把的中国炒菜锅)6.pan 平底锅dle 勺子;长柄勺8.gas stove 煤气炉9.ventilator 通风机;换气扇10.apron 围裙;工作裙11.cupboard 食橱;碗柜12.oven 炉,灶13.cabinets 橱柜14.dustpan 簸箕15.broom 扫帚16.mop 拖把17.rice cooker 电饭锅18.blender 搅拌机，捣碎机19.hot water thermos 热水瓶,保温瓶20.toaster 烤面包器;烤炉,烤箱21.cutting board 砧板22.knife 刀,小刀;菜刀;23.microwave 微波炉1.showerhead 喷头2.faucet 龙头,旋塞3.toilet paper 厕纸;卫生纸4.bathtub 浴缸5.drain 排水管,下水道6.tile 瓦;瓷砖;墙砖;地砖7.mirror 镜子8.sink 洗涤槽,水槽9.washcloth 毛巾10.cabinet 橱,柜11.rug (铺于室内部分地面上的)小地毯;毛皮地毯12.toilet (有冲洗式马桶的)厕所,洗手间,盥洗室13.bath towel 浴巾14. reservoir 蓄水库;贮水池(或槽);贮存器1.captain 机长2.copilot 副驾驶员3.first-class section 头等舱4.steward 男空服员5.baggage compartment 行李舱6.fuselage (飞机的)机身vatory 盥洗室8.business-class section 商务舱9.jet engine 喷射引擎10.emergency exit 紧急出口11.economy-class section 经济舱12.stewardess 空姐nding 降落2.airport shuttle bus 机场穿梭巴士3.ticket dispenser 自动售票机4.passenger 乘客5.currency exchange 货币兑换,货币互换6.check in counter 登机手续办理处7.luggage 行李8.departure lobby 出境大厅9.takeoff 起飞10.airplane 飞机11.airlines (飞机的)航线12.customs 进口税, 海关13.boarding gate 登机口14.customs officer 海关官员15.duty-free shop 免税商店16.duty-free items 免税物品1.elevator 电梯2.counter 柜台3.umbrella 雨伞4.escalator 自动楼梯5.desserts 甜点心;餐后甜点6.sport equipment 运动装备7.tie 领带8.coat 外套9.socks 短袜10.briefcase 公事包11.radio 收音机12.gloves 手套rmation desk 问讯处14.business suit 西装15.underground parking 地下停车场16.shoes 鞋子17.basement 地下室18.stairs 楼梯19.sweater 毛线衣20.skirt 裙子;衬裙1.bottled water 瓶装水2.poster 海报3.candy 糖果4.pretzel 双圈饼干5.cookie 曲奇饼6.gum 口香糖7. mustard 芥末8.popsicle 棒冰9.drumstick 鸡腿10.chicken nuggets 鸡块11.popcorn 爆米花12.hamburger 汉堡13.soft drink 软饮料14.ketchup 番茄酱15.fries 薯条16.hot dog 热狗17.paper cup 纸杯1.dryer 烘干机2.screen 筛3.washboard 搓衣板4.detergent 洗涤剂5.starch 浆粉6.washtub 洗衣盆7.bleach 漂白剂8.fabric softener 织物柔顺剂9.measuring cup 量杯10.washing machine 洗衣机11.hamper 篮子12.lint 软麻布13.clothesline 晾衣绳14.stain 污点1.shed 小屋2.shrubs 灌木丛3. plant pots 花盆4. cuttings 插条5. rake 耙6. hoe 锄7. spade 铲8. seeds 种子9. lawn mower 割草机10. bulbs 鳞茎11. shears 大剪刀12. hose 软管13. compost heap 堆肥堆14. sprinkler 洒水器15. fertilizer 肥料16. grass cuttings 碎草屑17. dung 粪18. weeds 杂草1.field 田地2. haystack 干草堆3. wagon 四轮车4. wagon wheel 车轮5. hay 干草6. rope 绳子7. fence 篱笆8. hoe 锄9. rake 耙10. horseshoe 马掌11. shovel 铲12. corn 谷物13. pitchfork 干草叉14. horse 马15. trough 饲料槽16. barn 谷仓17. tractor 拖拉机18. wheat 小麦1.water slide 水滑道2. games 游戏3. vomit 呕吐4. ticket booth 售票处5. line 队伍6. carousel 旋转木马7. tracks 轨道8. Ferris wheel 摩天轮9. Haunted house 鬼屋10. Seat 座位11. Food stand 饮食摊12. Roller coaster 过山车13. Cotton candy 棉花糖14. Seat belt 安全带15. Car 车厢1.basket 篮子2. egg 蛋3. chocolate 巧克力4. handle 手把5. fake grass 人造草6. dye 染料7. marshmallows 棉花软糖8. paint 油漆9. bunny 兔子10. paint brush 油漆刷11. whiskers 胡须12. plastics egg 塑料蛋13. jelly beans 豆型软糖14. ears 耳朵15. paws 爪子1.moisturizer 润肤乳2. blush 腮红3. brushes 刷子4. lip liner 唇线笔5. nail polish 指甲油6. tweezers 镊子7. nail polish remover 洗甲水8. face wash 洗面乳9. lipstick 口红10. foundation 粉底霜11. eyeliner 眼线笔12. mascara 睫毛膏13. nail file 指甲锉14. lip gloss 唇彩1. sink 水槽2. barber’s chair 理发师的椅子3. mirror 镜子4. curling iron 卷发棒5. comb 梳子6. brush 刷子7. hair dryer 吹风机8. scissors 剪子9. shampoo 洗发水10. mousse 摩斯11. shaving cream 剃须膏12. razor 剃刀13. hair clip 发夹14. bobby pins 发夹15. hair spray 发胶16. styling gel 发胶17. towel 毛巾18. conditioner 护发素1. Lifeguard 救生员2. Umbrella 伞3. lounge chair 躺椅4. bikini 比基尼5. diving board 跳板6. swimming pool 泳池7. net 网8. lockers 储物柜9. locker room 更衣室10. earplugs 耳塞11. towel 毛巾12. life ring 救生圈13. swimming suit 泳衣14. swimming cap 泳帽15. goggles 泳镜16. sunscreen 防晒霜17. ball 球18. swimming trunks 泳裤19. kickboard 踢水板20. ladder 梯子1. blazer 小西装2. suspenders 吊裤带3. suit 套装4. tie 领带5. pants 裤子6. vest 背心7. raincoat 雨衣8. blouse 女士衬衣9. scarf 围巾10. purse 女手提袋11. skirt 短裙子12. coat 大衣13. hanger 衣架14. dress 连衣裙15. T-shirt T恤16. Tank top 运动背心17. Shorts 短裤18. Socks 袜子19. Belt 皮带20. Jeans 牛仔裤21. Sweater 毛衣22. Drawer 抽屉1. lunch box 便当盒2. thermos 热水瓶3. straw 吸管4. fork 叉5. knife 刀6. spoon 勺7. sugar packet 糖包8. lid 盖子9. salad 沙拉10. latch 闩11. yogurt 乳酪12. hinge 脚链13. sandwich 三明治14. pepper 胡椒15. napkin 餐巾16. Ziploc bag 密封塑料袋17. Pepper 胡椒18. salt packet 盐包1. high chair 儿童椅2. pacifier 奶嘴3. baby bottle 奶瓶4. bib 围嘴5. teddy bear 泰迪熊6. blanket 毯子7. baby wipes 婴儿湿巾8. rattle 摇响器9. diaper 尿布10. crib 婴儿床11. playpen 游戏围栏12. stroller 婴儿车13. rocking horse 摇摆木马14. booties摇摆木马15. booties 婴儿袜1. doll 娃娃2. yo-yo 悠悠球3. fire engine 消防车4. toy box 玩具箱5. slinky 弹簧玩具6. toy soldiers 玩具士兵7. blocks 积木8.legos乐高积木9. robot 机器人10. crayons 蜡笔11. remote controlled car 遥控汽车12. Barbie 芭比娃娃13. Car 车14. Teddy bear 泰迪熊15. Ball 球16. Walkie-talkie 对讲机1. swimming trunks 游泳裤2. deck 夹板3. cocktail 鸡尾酒4. sandals 拖鞋5. life vest 救生衣6. seagull 海鸥7. deck chair 躺椅8. bikini 比基尼9. anchor 锚10. life ring 救生圈11. rope 绳子12. captain 船长13. life boat 救生艇14. oar 浆15. porthole 舷窗1. bass （低音部）2. harp 竖琴3. conductor 指挥4. cello 大提琴5. bow 弓6. music stand 乐谱架7. sheet music 乐谱8. baton 指挥棒9. drums 鼓10. clarinet 单簧管11. violin 小提琴12. viola 中提琴13. saxophone 萨克斯14. flute 长笛15. trombone 长号16. trumpet 小号1.buoyancycompensation device(BCD) 浮力补偿背心2. wet suit 潜水湿衣3. spear gun 鱼枪4. fins 蛙鞋5. mask 面镜6. compass 罗盘7. weight belt 配重带8. snorkel 呼吸管9. outboard motor 舷外发动机10. gauge 潜水计量器11. regulator 调节器12. mouth piece 吸嘴13. tropical fish 热带鱼14. air tank 空气桶15. underwater camera 水下摄像机16. coral 珊瑚17. booties 潜水靴18. boat 船19. glove 潜水手套20. flashlight 手电筒1. screws 螺丝2. tape measure 卷尺3. screwdriver 螺丝刀4. bolts 螺栓5. saw 锯子6. washers 垫圈7. nuts 螺母8. hammer 锤子9. wrench 扳手10. nails 钉子11. utility knife 工具刀12. toolbox 工具箱13. level 水平14. sledgehammer 大锤15. drill 钻孔机16. tape 胶带17. c-clamp C形夹1. thermometer 温度计2. syringe 注射器3. height chart身高表4. blood pressure gauge 血压计5. eye drops 眼药水6. eardrops 耳药水7. medicine 药8. pills 药片9. antibiotics 抗生素10. painkillers 止痛片11. beaker 烧杯12. stethoscope 听诊器13. scale 秤14. swab 棉签15.antiseptic cream 消毒药膏16. rubber gloves 橡胶手套1. chair 椅子2. paper cup 纸杯3. ashtray 烟灰缸4. muffin 松饼5. cinnamon roll 肉桂卷6. stirrer 搅拌棒7. top 杯盖8. chocolate 巧克力9. menu 菜单10. brown sugar 黄糖11. napkin 餐巾12. cream 泡沫13. umbrella 伞14. cup 杯子15. saucer 杯垫16. packet of sugar 糖包17. table 桌子18. white sugar 白糖1.Highland cow 高山牛2. Loch Ness Monster(Nessie) 尼斯湖水怪3. Loch Ness 尼斯湖4. Heather 石南花5. Sheep 羊6. Fly-fishing 飞钓7. Scottish terrier 苏格兰梗犬8. Castle 城堡9. Bagpiper 风笛手10. Kit 装备11. Village 村庄12. Bagpipe 风笛13. Sporran（苏格兰）毛皮袋14. Tartan （苏格兰）格子呢1. Bait 诱饵2. Worm 虫3. fishing rod 鱼竿4. tackle box 工具箱5. waders 钓鱼裤6. reel 转轮7. lead weight 吊锤8. hook 钩子9. net 网10. fishing line 鱼线11. lure 诱饵12. fly 人工拟饵1.mashed potatoes 土豆泥2. pasta 意大利面3. jelly果冻4. knife 刀子5. sausages 香肠6. cranberry sauce 蔓越莓酱7. turkey 火鸡8. apple pie 苹果派9. corn bread 玉米面包10. muffin 松饼11. biscuits 饼干12. pumpkin pie 南瓜饼13. butter 黄油14. sweet potatoes 红薯15. soup 汤16. gravy 肉汁17. stuffing 填充料18. pudding 布丁19. corn 玉米20. salad 沙拉21. squash 西葫芦22. yams 山药1. convenience store 便利店2. squeegee 清洁器3. attendant 服务员4. restroom 卫生家5. air pump 气泵6. trash can 垃圾桶7. vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器8. gas pump 油泵9. oil can 油罐10. hydraulic lift 液压升降机11. tool chest 工具箱12. tire 轮胎。
英语国际音标表和发音图解
英语国际音标表和发音图解1、英语音标发音表:英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。
确实不易。
笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。
二、辅音学习:发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是清辅音，要送气。
但声带不振动。
发音练习:speak pea peach pig pie peak pill pack cap tap发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bird bee beach bear book big bad bye pill buy发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音，是清辅音，要送气，但声带不振动。
发音练习: tea boat fate neat tear tie time at coat bright发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bed dad date deer dig deed duck do doom die发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是清辅音，要送气，但声带不振动。
发音练习:back kill come make cap kite pick card steak lake发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bag girl gap give pig gate sugar lag glass game发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，摩擦成音。
是清辅音，要送气，但声带不振动。
牛津新图解词典文本[整理版]
![牛津新图解词典文本[整理版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/49b737dbdb38376baf1ffc4ffe4733687e21fcbe.png)
牛津新图解词典文本peoplen.人们，人民，人员relationshipn.关系，联系womann.妇女，女人mann.人，男人，人类husbandn.丈夫wifen.妻子，夫人babyn.婴儿，年龄最小的人parentn.父或母亲，母体children孩子们boyn.男孩，小伙子girln.少女，姑娘grandparentn.(外)祖父(母) granddaughtern.孙女，外孙女grandsonn.孙子，外孙familyn.家庭，家属grandmothern.祖母，外祖母grandfathern.祖父，外祖父unclen.伯、叔、舅、姑父mother母亲fathern.父亲，神父，始祖auntn.伯(婶、姨、姑)母cousinn.堂(或表)兄弟姐妹sistern.姊，妹inprep.在...内，穿戴lawn.法律，定律brothern.兄弟，同胞sistern.姊，妹brother兄弟in在里面lawn.法律，定律husbandn.丈夫nephewn.侄子，外甥niecen.侄女，外甥女daughtern.女儿sonn.儿子humanadj.人的，人类的bodyn.身体，尸体，团体bodyn.身体，尸体，团体facen.脸，正面 v.面对mouthn.口，嘴巴，河口chinn.下巴，下颊neckn.颈，脖子shouldern.肩膀armn.手臂，扶手 v.武装upperadj.上部的，较高的armn.手臂，扶手 v.武装elbown.肘，弯管forearm前臂，预先武装，准备armpit腋窝backn.背 adj.背后的chestn.胸膛，柜子waistn.腰(部)abdomen腹部buttocks臀部hipn.臀部legn.腿，裤脚thighn.大腿kneen.膝calfn.小牛，腿肚子wristn.腕knuckle关节fingernail手指甲thumbn.拇指index指示fingern.手指 index finger 食指middlen.当中 adj.中部的fingern.手指ringv.鸣，打铃，打电话fingern.手指littleadj.小的，一点，少的fingern.手指palmn.手掌，掌心，棕榈树headn.头，领导 v.率领hairn.头发，毛发partn.部分，零件，角色foreheadn.前额sideburn鬓角earn.耳朵，穗cheekn.颊，脸nosen.鼻子nostriln.鼻孔jawn.下颚，下巴beard胡须mustache胡子tonguen.舌，语言toothn.牙齿lipn.嘴唇humanadj.人的，人类的bodyn.身体，尸体，团体eyebrown.眉毛eyelidn.眼睑eyelash睫毛iris虹蟆pupiln.小学生，瞳孔footn.脚，英尺，最下部anklen.踝，踝骨heeln.后跟instep脚背balln.球，球状物，舞会bigadj.大的，重大的toen.脚趾，鞋头toen.脚趾，鞋头littleadj.小的，一点，少的toen.脚趾，鞋头toenail脚指甲internaladj.内部的，国内的organn.器官，风琴brainn.脑子，头脑，智能spinal脊椎麻醉，脊椎的cordn.细绳，电线throatn.咽喉windpipe气管，噪门esophagus食管musclen.筋，肌肉lungn.肺heartn.心，心肠，中心livern.肝stomachn.胃intestine肠，内部的，国内的veinn.静脉，矿脉，脉artery动脉，干道，主流kidneyn.肾，腰子pancreas胰腺bladder膀胱vegetablen.蔬菜，植物cauliflower菜花broccoli西兰花cabbagen.卷心菜；圆白菜brussels布鲁塞尔（比利时首都）sprouts豆芽菜watercress西洋菜lettuce生菜，莴苣菜escarole莴苣菜spinach菠菜herbn.药草celeryn.芹菜artichoke菊芋cornn.谷物，玉米cob玉米穗轴kidney腰子，肾脏beann.豆子black黑色的beann.豆子string线，绳，一串beann.豆子lima利马beann.豆子pean.豌豆pod豆荚asparagus芦芛vegetablen.蔬菜，植物tomaton.蕃茄，西红柿cucumbern.黄瓜eggplantn.茄子peppern.胡椒potaton.马铃薯，土豆yam甘薯garlicn.大蒜clove丁香pumpkinn.南瓜zucchini南瓜acorn橡子squashv.压碎 n.果子汁radishn.萝卜mushroomn.“蘑菇onionn.洋葱carrotn.胡萝卜beetlen.甲虫turnipn.萝卜fruitn.果子，水果，成果bunchn.一束ofprep..的(表示领属等) grapen.葡萄applen.苹果stemn.茎coren.核，核心coconut椰子pineapplen.菠萝mango芒果papaya木瓜citrus柑桔fruitn.果子，水果，成果grapefruit葡萄柚orangen.柑桔，橙色sectionn.部分，区域rind壳seedn.种子 v.播种lemonn.柠檬limen.石灰berryn.浆果gooseberry醋栗blackberry黑莓cranberry蔓越橘blueberry草莓strawberryn.草莓raspberry木莓nectarine油桃，蜜桃pearn.梨fruitn.果子，水果，成果cherryn.樱桃bunchn.一束ofprep..的(表示领属等) bananan.香蕉peeln.果皮 v.削、剥皮dryadj.干的，枯燥的fruitn.果子，水果，成果fign.无花果prune李子干daten.日期 v.注日期raisin葡萄干apricot杏子watermelon西瓜nutn.坚果，螺母cashew腰果peanutn.花生walnutn.核桃hazelnut榛子almond杏仁chestnutn.栗树，栗子avocado油梨plumbv.测锤，垂直honeydew蜜瓜melonn.瓜，甜瓜cantaloupe哈密瓜peachn.桃子pitn.坑，洼，煤矿，桃核skinn.皮，皮肤 v.剥皮meatn.肉poultryn.家禽seafood海鲜meatn.肉beefn.牛肉groundn.地面，场，根据beefn.牛肉roastv.烤，炙 adj.烘烤的stewing炖meatn.肉steakn.牛排，排骨porkn.猪肉sausagen.香肠，腊肠roastv.烤，炙 adj.烘烤的chopv.劈，剁 n.带骨肉sparev.腾出时间adj.备用的ribn.肋，肋骨baconn.咸肉，熏肉hamn.火腿lambn.羔羊，小羊肉legn.腿，裤脚chopv.劈，剁 n.带骨肉meatn.肉poultryn.家禽seafood海鲜poultryn.家禽wholeadj.全部的 n.全部chickenn.鸡，鸡肉splitv.劈，分割quartern.四分之一，一刻钟thighn.大腿legn.腿，裤脚breastn.乳房，胸脯wingn.翅膀，翼，派别turkeyn.火鸡adj.,n.土耳其chickenn.鸡，鸡肉duckn.鸭子seafood海鲜fishn.鱼 v.捞取，探听wholeadj.全部的 n.全部filet肉片，鱼片，里脊steakn.牛排，排骨shellfish甲壳类动物lobstern.龙虾shrimpn.虾clampn.夹子 v.夹紧oystern.牡蛎，蚝mussel蚌scallop扇贝crabn.蟹containern.容器，集装箱quantityn.量，大量andconj.和，与，而moneyn.金钱，货币，财富cartonn.纸箱container集装箱，容器bottlen.瓶子packagen.包裹 v.打包stickn.枝，杆，手杖 v.扎tubn.浴缸，木盆loafn.面包 v.游荡bagn.袋子，提包jarn.罐子，坛子，刺耳声canv.aux.能，会，可以rollv.滚，卷，转动，压平containern.容器，集装箱quantity量，数量，大量，总量moneyn.金钱，货币，财富boxn.箱，盒 v.拳击sixnum.六packv.包装，挤满 n.背包pumpn.泵 v.抽水，打气tuben.管子，试管packv.包装，挤满 n.背包bookn.书 v.预订(票)barn.棒，杆，酒吧cupn.杯子，一杯glassn.玻璃，镜子slicen.薄片 v.切成薄片piecen.件，片段，张bowln.碗，钵sprayn.水雾 v.喷射canv.aux.能，会，可以moneyn.金钱，货币，财富dollarn.元，美元billn.帐单，议案，钞票coinn.硬币，创造新词pennyn.便士nickeln.镍，镍币dimen.(美元)一角quartern.四分之一，一刻钟supermarketn.超级市场deli熟食店countern.柜台 adj.相反的frozen冻结的foodn.食物，食粮freezern.冷冻箱dairyn.奶牛场，乳品商店productn.产品，作品milkn.奶，乳夜 v.挤奶shelfn.架子，搁板scalen.刻度，等级，秤shoppingn.购物basketn.篮子，筐producev.生产，制造，创作aislen.过道，走廊baked烤的goodadj.好的，善良的breadn.面包，生计cannedadj.罐装的goodadj.好的，善良的beveragen.饮料supermarketn.超级市场householdn.户 adj.家庭的itemn.条款，项目bindv.捆绑，约束customern.顾客，主顾snackn.快餐，小吃shoppingn.购物cartn.手推车receiptn.收到，收据cashn.现金 v.兑现registerv.登记，注册，挂号cashiern.出纳conveyor传送机，传送带beltn.带，腰带groceryn.杂货店bagn.袋子，提包checkout检验，结帐台countern.柜台 adj.相反的checkv.检验，核对 n.支票familyn.家庭，家属restaurantn.饭馆，餐厅cocktailn.鸡尾酒loungen.休息室familyn.家庭，家属restaurantn.饭馆，餐厅cookv.烹调，烧 n.厨师waitressn.女服务员busboy餐馆工ketchup番茄酱waitern.服务员，侍者apron围裙menun.菜单highadj.高的，高度的chairn.椅子boothn.货摊，电话亭strawn.麦杆，稻草，吸管softadj.柔软的，温和的drinkv.喝，饮 n.饮料，酒jukebox自动唱机sugarn.糖packetn.一盒，小件包裹checkv.检验，核对 n.支票tean.茶，茶叶sandwichn.三明治 v.夹入cocktailn.鸡尾酒loungen.休息室corkscrew螺丝锥corkn.软木塞winen.酒，葡萄酒tapv.叩击 n.轻敲bartender酒保liquorn.烈性酒bottlen.瓶子beern.啤酒barn.棒，杆，酒吧barn.棒，杆，酒吧stooln.凳子pipen.管子，烟斗coaster小托盘bookn.书 v.预订(票)ofprep..的(表示领属等) matchn.火柴，对手，比赛ashtrayn.烟灰缸lightern.打火机cigaretten.卷烟cocktailn.鸡尾酒waitressn.女服务员trayn.托盘restaurantn.饭馆，餐厅verbn.动词eatv.吃drinkv.喝，饮 n.饮料，酒servev.服务，任职，服役cookv.烹调，烧 n.厨师ordern.命令，订货，次序clearadj.清楚的，明确的payv.支付 n.工资setv.放，指定 n.全套the(定冠词)那，这tablen.桌子，表格giverv.给予，付出 n.让步takev.拿，带，吃，乘spreadv.伸开，散布，传播holdv.握住，容纳 n.控制lightn.光，灯 adj.明亮的burnv.烧，燃烧，烧伤commonadj.共同的，普通的preparev.准备，配制foodn.食物，食粮mustardn.芥末hotadj.热的，辣的dogn.狗baked烤的beann.豆子potaton.马铃薯，土豆chips炸土豆条，小木片pancake薄烤饼syrup果汁，糖浆bunchn.一束picklen.腌渍品，泡菜hamburgern.汉堡包spaghetti意大利式细面条meatball肉丸子saladn.色拉，拌凉菜dressingn.打扮，调味品tossed摇荡了的saladn.色拉，拌凉菜beefn.牛肉stewv.炖，煮 n.炖菜porkn.猪肉chops排骨mixed混合了的vegetablen.蔬菜，植物mashed捣碎了的potaton.马铃薯，土豆buttern.黄油rollv.滚，卷，转动，压平baked烤了的potaton.马铃薯，土豆steakn.牛排，排骨cookie饼干，小甜点sundae圣代冰激淋taco玉米卷eggn.卵，蛋，鸡蛋rollv.滚，卷，转动，压平strawberryn.草莓shortcake脆饼的一种biscuitn.饼干frenchadj.法国的 n.法语fryv.油煎，炸fryv.油煎，炸chickenn.鸡，鸡肉pizza比萨饼jellyn.果冻sunnyside光明面，田园诗upadv.向上，起床eggn.卵，蛋，鸡蛋baconn.咸肉，熏肉toastn.烤面包，祝酒 v.烘coffeen.咖啡icen.冰，冰块creamn.乳脂，奶油conen.锥体，锥形outdooradj.野外的，露天的clothesn.衣服(总称)gloven.手套capn.帽子，盖子 v.覆盖flanneln.法兰绒shirtn.衬衣backpack背包windbreaker防风牌的夹克衫blueadj.蓝色的，忧郁的jeansn.牛仔裤crewneck无翻译sweatern.运动衫，毛衣parka派克大衣hiking徒步旅行bootn.靴子earmuff耳罩mittenn.连指手套，露指手套downadv.向下，下降vestn.背心，汗衫turtleneck圆翻领的毛衣sweatern.运动衫，毛衣tightadj.紧的，密封的icen.冰，冰块skaten.冰鞋 v.滑冰skin.雪撬 v.滑雪capn.帽子，盖子 v.覆盖jacketn.短外套，茄克衫hatn.帽子scarfn.围巾，头巾overcoatn.外套，大衣bootn.靴子beret贝雷帽V-neckV型领sweatern.运动衫，毛衣coatn.上衣，涂层rainboot雨鞋everydayadj.每日的，日常的lapel西服上的翻领blazer颜色鲜明的运动上衣buttonn.钮扣，按钮slackadj.松驰的，不景气的heeln.后跟soleadj.唯一的，单独的shoelace鞋带sweatshirt运动衫walletn.钱夹sweatpants宽松长运动裤sneakersn.旅游鞋sweatband防汗带tankn.油箱，水箱，坦克topn.顶，盖子 v.高于shortsn.短裤longadj.长的 adv.长久sleeven.袖子beltn.带，腰带buckle皮带扣，带扣，扣住shoppingn.购物bagn.袋子，提包sandal凉鞋，檀香collarn.领子shortadj.短的，矮的sleeven.袖子dressn.服装 v.穿衣pursen.钱包umbrellan.伞，保护伞highadj.高的，高度的heeln.后跟everydayadj.每日的，日常的clothesn.衣服(总称) cardigan羊毛衫corduroy灯芯绒，绒布pantsn.长裤，衬裤hardadj.硬的 adv.努力hatn.帽子t-shirt短袖圆领的汗衫overalls工装裤，工作裤lunchn.午饭，便餐boxn.箱，盒 v.拳击constructionn.建设，建筑boot靴子jacketn.短外套，茄克衫blousen.女衫shouldern.肩膀bagn.袋子，提包skirtn.裙子briefcase公文包raincoatn.雨衣vestn.背心，汗衫threenum.三piecen.件，片段，张suitn.一身西服，起诉pocketn.衣袋 adj.袖珍的loafer拖鞋，游手好闲的人capn.帽子，盖子 v.覆盖glasses眼镜uniformadj.均匀的，统一的shirtn.衬衣tiev.捆，打结 n.领带newspapern.报纸，新闻纸shoen.鞋underwearn.内衣sleepwear睡衣裤undershirt汗衫，贴身内衣boxern.拳击运动员shortsn.短裤underpants内衣裤，衬裤athleticadj.田径的supportern.支持者pantyhose连袜裤stockings长袜longadj.长的 adv.长久long johns长内衣裤halfn.一半 adv.一半slipv.滑，滑行，溜走camisole女背心，女用紧身衣fulladj.满的，完全的slipv.滑，滑行，溜走bikini比基尼panties女式短裤briefs简要，三角裤bracen.支撑 v.激励brassiere乳罩，简bragarter吊袜带beltn.带，腰带girdle腰带kneen.膝socks袜子socks袜子slippers拖鞋pajamas睡衣bathrobe浴衣，睡衣nightgownn.睡衣jewelryn.珠宝(总称) cosmeticsn.化妆品jewelryn.珠宝(总称) earring耳环ringv.鸣，打铃，打电话engagementn.约束，约会，婚约ringv.鸣，打铃，打电话weddingn.婚礼ringv.鸣，打铃，打电话chainn.链条，一系列，锁链necklacen.项链strandn.(绳)股，缕ofprep..的(表示领属等) beads玻璃粉pinn.别针，发卡 v.别住bracelet手镯watchv.观看，看过 n.手表watchband表带cuff袖口links连接处tiev.捆，打结 n.领带pinn.别针，发卡 v.别住tiev.捆，打结 n.领带clipn.夹子，卡子 v.夹住clipn.夹子，卡子 v.夹住onprep.在...上，关于earring耳环pierced穿通的earring耳环claspn.扣子 v.紧握(抱) postn.柱，职位 v.邮寄backn.背 adj.背后的toiletry化装品makeup化装品，组成，补考razorn.剃须刀afterprep.在...后shavev.剃，修脸lotion洗液，洗涤剂shaving刮胡子creamn.乳脂，奶油razorn.剃须刀blade刀片emery金刚砂boardn.木板，伙食，董事会nailn.钉子，指甲 v.钉polishv.擦亮，磨光，润色eyebrown.眉毛penciln.铅笔perfumen.香味，香水mascara睫毛膏lipstickn.口红，唇膏eyen.眼睛，孔眼，视力shadown.影子，阴影nailn.钉子，指甲 v.钉clippers钳子blushv.脸红，害臊eyeliner眼线笔describing描述clothesn.衣服(总称)shortadj.短的，矮的longadj.长的 adv.长久tightadj.紧的，密封的looseadj.松的，自由自在的dirtyadj.肮脏的cleanadj.清洁的，干的smalladj.小的，不重要的bigadj.大的，重大的lightn.光，灯 adj.明亮的darkadj.黑暗的 n.暗处highadj.高的，高度的lowadj.低的，低廉的newadj.新的，重新的oldadj.老的，...岁的openadj.开的 v.打开closedadj.关闭的，停业的striped有条纹的checked格子花纹的，检查，选中polka女用紧身短上衣dotn.点，圆点solidadj.固体的，牢固的printv.印刷，出版 n.字体plaid格子花尼，格子图案，有格子的describev.描写，作图weathern.天气 v.经受住rainyadj.有雨的cloudyadj.多云的snowyadj.有雪的，下雪的sunnyadj.向阳的，晴朗的thermometern.温度计temperaturen.温度，体温hotadj.热的，辣的warmadj.温暖的，热情的cooladj.凉的，冷静的cold冷freezing冰冻的foggyadj.有雾的，雾蒙蒙的windyadj.刮风的dryadj.干的，枯燥的wetadj.湿的，多雨的icyadj.冰冷的，结了冰的seasonaladj.季节性的verbs动词springv.跳跃，萌芽 n.春季paintn.涂料，油漆 v.刷漆cleanadj.清洁的，干的digv.挖，采掘plantn.植物，工厂 v.栽培summern.夏季watern.水 v.浇水，垂涎mow割草pickv.拣，采 n.精华，镐trimv.修剪，修整fallv.落下，跌倒 n.瀑布fillv.装满，充满，补缺raken.,v.耙chopv.劈，剁 n.带骨肉pushv.推，推动 n.推力wintern.冬季shoveln.铲子sandn.沙子scrapev.擦，刮，凑集carryv.搬运，携带house房子ranchn.牧场housen.房子，剧场，家driveway车道garagen.车库，汽车修理站tv电视antenna天线roofn.屋顶deckn.甲板colonialadj.殖民的，殖民地的stylen.风格，时尚，作风housen.房子，剧场，家porchn.门廊windown.窗户shuttern.百叶窗，快门chimneyn.烟囱backyard后院guttern.街沟hammock吊床，睡床，吊带lawnn.草地，草坪mower割草机sprinkler洒水车，洒水器gardenn.花园，菜园hosen.软水管，长统袜grassn.草，禾本植物watering浇水canv.aux.能，会，可以patio天井，露台drainpipe排水管，瘦裤腿screenn.屏，帘 v.甄别mittenn.连指手套，露指手套spatula抹刀，小铲grill烤架，铁格子charcoaln.木炭briquette煤球loungen.休息室chairn.椅子powern.力，动力，权力。
英语国际音标表和发音图解
英语国际音标表和发音图解1、英语音标发音表:英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。
确实不易。
笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。
国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音[i:] [i] [e] [æ]中元音[ʌ] [ə:] [ə]后元音[u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:] 双元音开合双元音[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au]集中双元音[iə] [εə] [uə]辅音爆破音清辅音[p] [t] [k]浊辅音[b] [d] [g]摩擦音清辅音[f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h]浊辅音[v] [z] [ʒ] [ð]破擦音清辅音[tʃ] [tr] [ts]浊辅音[dʒ] [dr] [dz]鼻音（浊辅音）[m] [n] [ŋ]舌则音（浊辅音）[l] [r]半元音（浊辅音）[w] [j]二、辅音学习:发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是清辅音，要送气。
但声带不振动。
发音练习:speak pea peach pig pie peak pill pack cap tap发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bird bee beach bear book big bad bye pill buy发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音，是清辅音，要送气，但声带不振动。
发音练习: tea boat fate neat tear tie time at coat bright发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
是浊辅音，发生时不送气，但声带要振动。
发音练习:bed dad date deer dig deed duck do doom die发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。
英语国际音标表和发音图解-英语辅音发音图
英语国际音标表和发音图解之五兆芳芳创作1、英语音标发音表:英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，子音音素28个.对于初学者来说，若采取集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开.确实不容易.笔者对音标的教学采取了相对集中的办法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学.国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音[i:] [i] [e] [æ]中元音[ʌ] [ə:] [ə]后元音[u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:] 双元音开合双元音[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au]集中双元音[iə] [εə] [uə]子音爆破音清子音[p] [t] [k]浊子音[b] [d] [g]摩擦音清子音[f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h]浊子音[v] [z] [ʒ] [ð]破擦音清子音[tʃ] [tr] [ts]浊子音[dʒ] [dr] [dz]鼻音（浊子音）[m] [n] [ŋ]舌则音（浊子音）[l] [r]半元音（浊子音）[w] [j]二、子音学习:发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分隔，使气流冲出口腔，收回爆破的声音.是清子音，要送气.但声带不振动.发音练习:speak pea peach pigpie peak pill pack cap tap发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突然分隔，使气流冲出口腔，收回爆破的声音.是浊子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动.发音练习:bird bee beach bear book big bad bye pill buy发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分隔使气流冲出口腔，收回爆破的声音，是清子音，要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:tea boat fate neat tear tie time at coat bright 发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分隔使气流冲出口腔，收回爆破的声音.是浊子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动.发音练习:bed dad date deer dig deed duck do doom die 发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分隔使气流冲出口腔，收回爆破的声音.是清子音，要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:back kill come make cap kite pick card steak lake发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软腭，憋住气，然后突然分隔使气流冲出口腔，收回爆破的声音.是浊子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动.发音练习:bag girl gap give pig gate sugar lag glass game发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的裂缝中通过，摩擦成音.是清子音，要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:phone fail fair fat fall fine farm leaf life发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的裂缝中通过，摩擦成音.是浊子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动.发音练习:leave very save have voice serve dive five发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈所形成的窄缝中通过期摩擦成音.是清子音，要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:face niece save sell sea same sick mouse发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈所形成的窄缝中通过期摩擦成音.是浊子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动,气流弱.发音练习:prize raise zoo zip rise发音时舌端先贴住齿龈，抵住气流，下降，再把气流送出去.是清子音，要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:pants baskets pots boats cats发音时舌端先贴住齿龈，抵住气流，下降，再把气流送出去.是浊子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动,气流弱.发音练习:friends bags pens beds是齿龈后部破擦子音.发音时舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发音.是清子音，要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:truck treasure tree齿龈后部破擦子音.发音时舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发音.是子音，产生时不送气，但声带要振动.发音练习:driver 发音时气流自由逸出口腔，只在通过声门时收回轻微的摩擦.声带不振动，是个清子音.发音练习:hair head hand hall hen hate high heat hell发音时舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部.舌的两侧稍收拢，贴住上齿龈的两侧，双唇略张开并收圆.发音时声带振动，是个浊子音.发音练习:free race rain rate red rest rare发音时舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位很高.双唇收得很圆很小，并须向前突出.发音短促，是浊子音，发音时声带振动.发音练习：wait way west wet wide will wall发音时舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起，舌位很高.双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形，发音短暂.是浊子音，发音时声带振动.发音练习:year yes young yet you发音时舌端抬起，靠近齿龈后部，舌的两侧须贴住上齿的两侧，形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过期摩擦成音.双唇须稍向前突出并稍收圆.清子音，发音时要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:cash ensure share she rush sheep shame sure发音时舌端抬起，靠近齿龈后部，舌的两侧须贴住上齿的两侧，形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过期摩擦成音.双唇须稍向前突出并稍收圆.浊子音，发音时声带要振动，发音练习:pleasure usual garage leisure mirage发音时舌尖及舌端顶住上齿龈后部，舌身抬高，做好发摩擦音的准备.先憋住气，不发音，然后舌尖稍稍下降，气流通过期发摩擦音，而实际上收回的声音是破擦音.清子音，发音时要送气，但声带不振动.发音练习:witch cheap chest chew choke watch check chair发音时舌尖及舌端顶住上齿龈后部，舌身抬高，做好发摩擦音的准备.先憋住气，不发音，然后舌尖稍稍下降，气流通过期发摩擦音，而实际上收回的声音是破擦音.浊子音，发音时声带振动.发音练习:jeep joke gin jaw jewel发音时舌尖轻触上齿下面的边沿，气流由舌齿间的窄缝泻出，摩擦成音.清子音，声带不振动，气流较弱.发音练习:bath faithmouth thank thing think thick breath发音时舌尖轻触上齿下面的边沿，气流由舌齿间的窄缝泻出，摩擦成音.浊子音，声带振动.发音练习:than though they there this发音时双唇闭拢，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔泻出.浊子音，发音时声带振动.发音练习:come game some melon mean 发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔泻出.浊子音，发音时声带振动.发音练习:gain thin run skin gun sun发音时软腭下垂，一打开鼻腔通道，是气流从鼻腔泻出.浊子音，发音时声带振动. 发音练习 sing king song thing evening morning发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬腭抬起，气流从舌的旁边泻出.浊子音，发音时声带振动.发音练习:flee late play lead lest lie light fly三、四十八个音素发音图解暨口形及发音办法:四十八个音素发音图解暨口形及发音办法1.该音是个前元音，是字母i或y在重读闭音中的读音.它是个短元音，故发此音要短促而轻快.发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平.2.前元音，是字母ea，ee，ie或ei在单词中的发音.此音是长元音，一定注音把音发足.其发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平.3.该音是个前元音，是字母e或ea在单词中的发音.它是个短元音.发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大.4.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个前元素，是字母a在重读闭音节中的发音.//是短元音.发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形.5.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母组合ar的读音，也是字母a在ss，st，th等字母前面的读音.//是长元音.发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿.双唇稍收圆.6.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个短元音，是字母o在重读闭音节单词中的读音.发音时口张大，舌身尽量下降并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆.7.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母o，or，al，oar，our或oor在单词中的发音.它是长元音.发音时舌后部抬得比//即美式//美式//高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出.8.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/u/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元素，是英语字母u，oo或ou等在单词中的发音./u/是短元音.发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿.双唇收圆，稍突出.9.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统式的国际音标式的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音.它是长元音.发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式读音//英式读音//高.双唇收圆并突出.口形比/u/////稍小.10.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个后元音，是字母o和u在单词中的读音.//是短元音.发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开口度较大，与//相似.11.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号读音是个中元音，是字母组合er，ir，or和ur在单词中的发音.//是长元音.发音时舌中部比发//音时略高.双唇扁平.12.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个中元音，是字母a，e，o，u，er，or和ur在单词中的读音.//是读短元音.发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平.13.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/ei/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母a在重读开音节单词中的读音.先发/e/音，然后滑向/i/音.双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合.14.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母o，oa和oe在单词中的读音.它由元音//滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的//，舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小.注意将音发足.15.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/ai/传统的国际音标读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母i或y在单词中的发音./ai/为双元音.先发/a/音，然后滑向/i/音.舌尖抵住下齿.发此音的关头是要把/a/音发足，注意从开到合的滑动.16.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/au/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母ou和ow在单词中的读音./au/或//由/a/滑向/u///.舌位由低到高，口形由大到小.注意将音发足.17.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/i/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母oy和oi在单词中的发音.发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合.发好这个音的关头是首先要把后元音/a/////发足，然后滑向/i/音.18.//美式读音符号//英式读音/i/传统的国际音标的读音该音是个双元音，是字母ear，ere，eer在单词中的读音.其发音要领是从/i/音滑向//音，美音则滑向/r/音.前面的/i/发得较清楚，前面的//或/r/较弱.双唇始终半开.此音一定要发足.19.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号//传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母are，air，ear在单词中的读音.其发音办法是从///e/音滑向//音.发间时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，此音中的//有似于/e/音，//音较轻.20.//美式读音符号//英式读音符号/u/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是个双元音，是字母our，oor，ure在单词中的读音.发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开.发好这个音的关头是首先要把/u///音发足，然后滑向//音.英语音标发音法则-清子音的浊化初步了解清子音的浊化现象．1、清子音浊化只是一种发音现象，不是法则，地道英语教学者都否决专门制定一个法则来说明这个问题.2、总的发音法则只有一条：依照字典里的注音读，要怎么变更就按地道英语的习惯.3、s 前面的清子音被浊化，只是清子音浊化的一小部分，良多时候不必加 s 也可能被浊化. 如water, happy, meeting, walking等等，地道英语一般将这些单词中间那个清子音发成对应的浊子音了，才象英语.4、S前面的清子音浊化现象可以这样归结：清子音随着一个元音，前面又有一个 s ，无论是在单词的最前面仍是中间，只要是在重读音节或次重读音节里，一般都读成对应浊子音，如stand, strike, speak, sky 等等，值得一提的是strike，要酿成“dr”所发的那个音 (如dream中的“dr”所发的音).其实谁也没有法则要这样读，如果你拿着这个问题问老外，他们大多都答不出来，只是这些相关的单词中的清子音读着读着自然就会酿成浊子音了. 这种组合如果前面没有元音，就不存在浊化的问题.如grasp，test，desk等，仍发清子音. 也有例外的，不要说它不合适法则，因为原本就没有法则，硬要定法则的话就行欠亨.比方student，stupid，如果按那个所谓法则去读成[sd…]，就欠难听了，操地道英语的人就会知道问“你是从中国来的吧”.这里的字母“t”一般被习惯发成jeep中“j”所发的那个音才地道.英语中的连读，同化，失音，浊化，弱读现象我们都有过这样沮丧的经验，很容易听懂中国人说的英语，但是同样的对话一到英美人的嘴里，便觉得很难跟上，有时甚至是不知所云.这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词之间很清晰，词与词之间有明显的pause, 但是英美人的口语会有良多音变，这些音变使得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生，难懂，给我们的听力造成了很大的困难，因此了解并使用各音变法则会帮忙我们提高听力，使我们的发音加倍地道.音变主要有连读、失音、弱化、浊化、同化、重音、缩读等形式.这些形式的产生可以归结为一个原则，即“Economy” —“经济”原则或称为“省力”原则.“省力”这两个复杂的字眼可以解释几近所有的音变现象，人是很懒的,对于最经常的行动——说话，当然要想许多省事的办法，于是也就产生了多种为省力而衍变的音变现象.牢记省力原则，在我们读英语的时候，让自己的唇舌处于抓紧的状态，轻松的去读英语，我想发音的感到一定会有所不合.言归正题, 以下列出给听力造成很大障碍的五种音变现象及其读音法则，以及最后一项关于节奏的小文章，希望能有所帮忙！一、连读连读有两种法则，辨别为：1、以子音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词：要连读如：I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice.这里like / laik / 以子音结尾，another 以元音开头，所以连读注意：以子音结尾指的是音标中的最后一个音是子音，而不是单词的结尾，这如同u[ju:.]niversity 前面的定冠词必须用 a 一样.2、以子音结尾的单词+ h开头的单词h不发音，与前面的子音what wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go? Can he do it? Should he….? Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (连读这个词，会发明和forum 很相似)我第一次知道这一连读法则时，兴奋不已，很容易的听懂了许多以前觉得很难以理解的句子，并且依照这种连读方法发音省力、轻松了许多.再次证实”Economy”.二、音的同化音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间很是平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变更.主要是以下三种方法：1、子音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[dэ]：Would you....?2、子音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]：Can’t you:....？3、子音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]：Miss you三、失音由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音.注意：爆破音其实不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接收回相邻的子音.法则：1、子音爆破音或摩擦音前面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的子音要失去爆破.这样的例子有良多良多，白色标注的子音不发音：Sit down: 发音再次的老师都不会收回[t] 音Contact lens: Big cake Dad told me Huge change Good night四、浊化1、[S] 前面的清子音要浊化Discussion：[k] 浊化成[g] Stand：[t] 浊化成[d] Expression：[p]浊化成2、美音中：[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d]如：writer，听起来和rider 的发音几近没有区别letter—ladderout of 美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d]，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别. 了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮忙.五、弱读一般来说：实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；虚词弱读，如介词、代词等弱读的法则一般是：元音音节弱化成[E] 或比方说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of 查字典会发明这些词都至少有两种读音，如for: 重读时[fR:] , 弱读时[fE]六、节奏对于英语的节奏，我也掌控欠好，并且还为此郁闷不已.在我认为，中国人说普通化，一个句子的尺度节奏和语调往往只有一个，我想英语也应该是这样，但是怎么样才是尺度语调呢？特意为这个问题问过英语老师，不合的外国人说同一个陈述句会有不合得语调吗？她告知我是的.不过在看了下面这段话之后，我想她可能误我了.:)比方语调的升降、词语的重音、句子在何处停顿.音标教学具体做法如下：2、集中教音标把48个音标分为元音和子音两大类.元音分为单元音和双元音，子音又分为清子音和浊子音四种情况.2、巧记音标把12个单元音分作6对；把8个双元音分为3小组；清浊子音10对；另记一个清子音；再记7个浊子音：3、自制音标表和音标卡片音标卡片便利课堂教学，音标表贴于教室前墙，以便学生罕有常记.4、将某些因素与汉语拼音作比较让学生仔细不雅察，认真模仿，频频操练.对于某些不容易发准确的音标，进行讲授和示范.学生一旦摸清了每个音标的发音部位和办法，便感应恍然大悟，兴趣大增.5、发音办法教元音时强调舌位和口形，口腔内缺乏方寸之地要收回20个元音，舌位稍有变更就会便成另一个音.在英语教学中，让学生仔细体会舌位的变更，充分利用舌头高、低、伸、缩时在口腔中的不合定位，发好单元音.利用舌头在发音进程中的移动发好双元音，要求发双元音时要掌握三要素：先重后轻、先长后短、先清楚后模糊.在教子音时，警告学生区分清子音和浊子音的关头在于声带震动与否.有意识地让学生把手放到喉部，再感到发浊子音时产生的声带的颤振现象.“磨刀不误砍柴工”虽然提前教音标花去了一定的教学时间，但却起到事半功倍的效果.。
英语字典
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Quirky Quality DictionaryAAcademic Quality Improvement Project (AQIP): A forum for institutions to review each other's action projects. Acceptable quality level (AQL): In a continuing series of lots, a quality level that, for the purpose of sampling inspection, is the limit of satisfactory process average. Acceptance number: The maximum number of defects or defectives allowable in a sampling lot for the lot to be acceptable.Acceptance sampling: Inspection of a sample from a lot to decide whether to accept that lot. There are two types: attributes sampling and variables sampling. In attributes sampling, the presence or absence of a characteristic is noted in each of the units inspected. In variables sampling, the numerical magnitude of a characteristic is measured and recorded for each inspected unit; this involves reference to a continuous scale of some kind. Acceptance sampling plan: A specific plan that indicates the sampling sizes and associated acceptance or nonacceptance criteria to be used. In attributes sampling, for example, there are single, double, multiple, sequential, chain and skip-lot sampling plans. In variables sampling,there are single, double and sequential sampling plans. (For detailed descriptions of these plans, see the standard ANSI/ISO/ASQ A3534-2, Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols—Statistical Quality Control.)Accreditation: Certification by a duly recognized body of the facilities, capability, objectivity, competence and integrity of an agency, service, or operational group or individual to provide the specific service or operation needed.Accuracy: The characteristic of a measurement that tells how close an observed value is to a true value.Action plan: A specific method or process to achieve the results called for by one or more objectives. May be a simpler version of a project plan.Activity network diagram: An arrow diagram used in planning and managing processes and projects. Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP): Segment of QS-9000 process that uses tools to offer the opportunity to get ahead of problems and solve them before the problems affect the customer.Affinity diagram: A management tool used to organize information (usually gathered during a brainstorming activity).Alignment: The actions taken to ensure a process or activity supports the organization's strategy, goals and objectives.American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA): An organization that formally recognizes another organization's competency to perform specific tests, types of tests or calibrations.American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI): Released for the first time in October 1994, an economic indicator and cross industry measure of the satisfaction of U.S. household customers with the quality of the goods and services available to them—both those goods and services produced within the United States and those provided as imports from foreign firms that have substantial market shares or dollar sales. The ACSI is co-sponsored by the University of Michigan Business School, ASQ and the CFI Group.American National Standards Institute (ANSI): ANSI is a private, nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It is the United States' member body in the International Organization for Standardization, known as ISO.American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT): The world's largest technical society for nondestructive testing (NDT) professionals.American Society for Quality (ASQ): A professional, not-for-profit association that develops, promotes and applies quality related information and technology for the private sector, government and academia. The Society serves more than 108,000 individuals and 1,100 corporate members in the United States and 108 other countries. American Society for Quality Control (ASQC): Name of the Society from 1946 through the middle of 1997; then changed to ASQ.American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): Not-for-profit organization that provides a forum for the development and publication of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems and services. American Society for Training and Development (ASTD): A membership organization providing materials, education and support related to workplace learning and performance.American standard code for information interchange (ASCII): Basic computer characters accepted by all American machines and many foreign ones.Analysis of means (ANOM): A statistical procedure for troubleshooting industrial processes and analyzing the results of experimental designs with factors at fixed levels. It provides a graphical display of data. Ellis R. Ott developed the procedure in 1967 because he observed that nonstatisticians had difficulty understanding analysis of variance. Analysis of means is easier for quality practitioners to use because it is an extension of the control chart. In 1973, Edward G. Schilling further extended the concept, enabling analysis of means to be used withnon-normal distributions and attributes data where the normal approximation to the binomial distribution does not apply. This is referred to as analysis of means for treatment effects.Analysis of variance (ANOVA): A basic statistical technique for analyzing experimental data. It subdivides the total variation of a data set into meaningful component parts associated with specific sources of variation in order to test a hypothesis on the parameters of the model or to estimate variance components. There are three models: fixed, random and mixed.Appraisal cost: The cost involved in ensuring an organization is continually striving to conform to customers' quality requirements.Arrow diagram: A planning tool to diagram a sequence of events or activities (nodes) and the interconnectivity of such nodes. It is used for scheduling and especially for determining the critical path through nodes.AS9100: An international quality management standard for the aerospace industry published by the Society of Automotive Engineers; also published by other organizations worldwide, as EN9100 in Europe and JIS Q 9100 in Japan. The standard is controlled by the International Aerospace Quality Group (see listing). Assessment: A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the current, historical or projected status of an organization.Assignable cause: A name for the source of variation in a process that is not due to chance and therefore can be identified and eliminated. Also called "special cause." Association for Quality and Participation (AQP): Affiliate organization of the American Society for Quality (ASQ) dedicated to improving workplaces through quality and participation practices.Attribute data: Go/no-go information. The control charts based on attribute data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count chart, count per unit chart, quality score chart and demerit chart.Attributes, method of: Measurement of quality by the method of attributes consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration and counting how many units do (or do not) possess it. Example: go/no-go gauging of a dimension.Audit: The inspection and examination of a process or quality system to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or may be specific to a function, process or production step.Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG): The originator and sole source of the QS-9000 series of standards. ASQ's Automotive Division maintains a liaison to this group.Availability: The ability of a product to be in a state to perform its designated function under stated conditions at a given time.Average chart: A control chart in which the subgroup average, X-bar, is used to evaluate the stability of the process level.Average outgoing quality (AOQ): The expected average quality level of outgoing product for a given value of incoming product quality.Average outgoing quality limit (AOQL): The maximum average outgoing quality over all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling plan and disposal specification.Average run lengths (ARL): On a control chart, the number of subgroups expected to be inspected before a shift in magnitude takes place.Average sample number (ASN): The average number of sample units inspected per lot in reaching decisions to accept or reject.Average total inspection (ATI): The average number of units inspected per lot, including all units in rejected lots (applicable when the procedure calls for 100% inspection of rejected lots).Return to topBBaldrige Award: See "Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award."Baseline measurement: The beginning point, based on an evaluation of the output over a period of time, used to determine the process parameters prior to any improvement effort; the basis against which change is measured.Benchmarking: An improvement process in which a company measures its performance against that of best in class companies, determines how those companies achieved their performance levels and uses the information to improve its own performance. The subjects that can be benchmarked include strategies, operations, processes and procedures.Benefit-cost analysis: An examination of the relationship between the monetary cost of implementing an improvement and the monetary value of the benefits achieved by the improvement, both within the same time period.Best practice: A superior method or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of an organization, usually recognized as "best" by other peer organizations.Big Q, Little Q: A term used to contrast the difference between managing for quality in all business processes and products (big Q) and managing for quality in a limited capacity—traditionally only in factory products and processes (little q).Black Belt (BB): Full-time team leader responsible for implementing process improvement projects—define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC) or define,measure, analyze, design and verify (DMADV)—within the business to drive up customer satisfaction levels and business productivity.Blemish: An imperfection severe enough to be noticed but that should not cause any real impairment with respect to intended normal or reasonably foreseeable use (see also "defect," "imperfection" and "nonconformity").Block diagram: A diagram that shows the operation, interrelationships and interdependencies of components in a system. Boxes, or blocks (hence the name), represent the components; connecting lines between the blocks represent interfaces. There are two types of block diagrams: a functional block diagram, which shows a system's subsystems and lower level products and their interrelationships and which interfaces with other systems; and a reliability block diagram, which is similar to the functional block diagram except that it is modified to emphasize those aspects influencing reliability.Board of Standards Review (BSR): An American National Standards Institute board responsible for the approval and withdrawal of American National Standards. Body of knowledge (BOK): The prescribed aggregation of knowledge in a particular area an individual is expectedto have mastered to be considered or certified as a practitioner.Bottom line: The essential or salient point; the primary or most important consideration. Also, the line at the bottom of a financial report that shows the net profit or loss. Box, George E.P.: A native of England, Box began his career during World War II with the British Army Engineers, where he learned statistics. He studied at University College, became head of the statistical techniques research section at Imperial Chemical Industrials and obtained a doctorate. He moved to the United States and was a founder of Technometrics, published by ASQ and the American Statistical Association. A professor at the University of Wisconsin, Box is an Honorary Member of ASQ.Brainstorming: A technique teams use to generate ideas on a particular subject. Each person in the team is asked to think creatively and write down as many ideas as possible. The ideas are not discussed or reviewed until after the brainstorming session.Breakthrough improvement: A dynamic, decisive movement to a new, higher level of performance. Brumbaugh, Martin A. (deceased): The founder and first editor of Industrial Quality Control magazine. A formerprofessor of statistics at the University of Buffalo, Brumbaugh published regularly on applied statistics. Brumbaugh was instrumental in getting two separate quality organizations—the Federated Societies and the Society for Quality Control—merged into one national organization: ASQ (then ASQC). Brumbaugh was an ASQ Honorary Member.BS 7799: British commerce, government and industry stakeholders wrote BS 7799 to address information security management issues, including fraud, industrial espionage and physical disaster. May become ISO standard.Business process reengineering (BPR): The concentration on the improvement of business processes that will deliver outputs that will achieve results meeting the firm's objectives, priorities and mission.Return to topCC chart: See "count chart."Calibration: The comparison of a measurement instrument or system of unverified accuracy to a measurement instrument or system of known accuracy to detect any variation from the required performance specification.Capability maturity model: A framework that describes the key elements of an effective software process. It's an evolutionary improvement path from an immature process to a mature, disciplined process. The CMM covers practices for planning, engineering and managing software development and maintenance. When followed, these key practices improve the ability of organizations to meet goals for cost, schedule, functionality and product quality. Cascading: The continuing flow of the quality message down to, not through, the next level of supervision until it reaches all workers. Same concept as "deploying." Cause: An identified reason for the presence of a defect or problem.Cause and effect diagram: A tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as the "Ishikawa diagram," because Kaoru Ishikawa developed it, and the "fishbone diagram," because the complete diagram resembles a fish skeleton. The diagram illustrates the main causes and subcauses leading to an effect (symptom). The cause and effect diagram is one of the "seven tools of quality." (See listing).Centerline: A line on a graph that represents the overall average (mean) operating level of the process.Central tendency: The tendency of data gathered from a process to cluster toward a middle value somewhere between the high and low values of measurement. Certification: The result of meeting the established criteria set by an accrediting or certificate granting organization.Certified mechanical inspector (CMI): An ASQ certification.Certified quality auditor (CQA): An ASQ certification. Certified quality auditor (CQA)-biomedical: An ASQ certification.Certified quality auditor (CQA)-hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP): An ASQ certification. Certified quality engineer (CQE): An ASQ certification. Certified quality improvement associate (CQIA): An ASQ certification.Certified quality manager: An ASQ certification. Certified quality technician (CQT): An ASQ certification. Certified reliability engineer (CRE): An ASQ certification.Certified Six Sigma Black Belt (CSSBB): An ASQ certification.Certified software quality engineer (CSQE): An ASQ certification.Chain reaction: A chain of events described by W. Edwards Deming: improve quality, decrease costs, improve productivity, increase market with better quality and lower price, stay in business, provide jobs and provide more jobs. Chain sampling plan: In acceptance sampling, a plan in which the criteria for acceptance and rejection apply to the cumulative sampling results for the current lot and one or more immediately preceding lots.Champion: A business leader or senior manager who ensures that resources are available for training and projects, and who is involved in project tollgate reviews; also an executive who supports and addresses Six Sigma organizational issues.Change agent: An individual from within or outside an organization who facilitates change within the organization. May or may not be the initiator of the change effort. Characteristic: The factors, elements or measures that define and differentiate a process, function, product, service or other entity.Chart: A tool for organizing, summarizing and depicting data in graphic form.Charter: A written commitment approved by management stating the scope of authority for an improvement project or team.Checklist: A tool used to ensure all important steps or actions in an operation have been taken. Checklists contain items important or relevant to an issue or situation. Checklists are often confused with check sheets (see individual entry).Check sheet: A simple data recording device. The check sheet is custom designed by the user, which allows him or her to readily interpret the results. The check sheet is one of the "seven tools of quality." (See listing). Check sheets are often confused with checklists (see individual entry). Classification of defects: The listing of possible defects of a unit, classified according to their seriousness. Note: Commonly used classifications: class A, class B, class C, class D; or critical, major, minor and incidental; or critical, major and minor. Definitions of these classifications require careful preparation and tailoring to the product(s) being sampled to enable accurate assignment of a defect to the proper classification. A separate acceptance sampling plan is generally applied to each class of defects.Closed-loop corrective action (CLCA): A sophisticated engineering system designed to document, verify and diagnose failures, recommend and initiate corrective action, provide follow-up and maintain comprehensive statistical records.Code of conduct: Expectations of behavior mutually agreed on by a team.Collier, Simon (deceased): An ASQ president who led the Society during a critical growth period in 1952-53. His term was marked by numerous milestone events, including a membership increase of 22% and the formation of 11 new sections and the first divisions. Collier, an ASQ Honorary Member, was a chemist who began his career at the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology). Later he worked atJohns-Manville Corp., where he produced a quality training film used by more than 300 companies.Common causes: Causes of variation that are inherent in a process over time. They affect every outcome of the process and everyone working in the process (see also "special causes").Company culture: A system of values, beliefs and behaviors inherent in a company. To optimize business performance, top management must define and create the necessary culture.Complaint tracking: Collecting data, disseminating data to appropriate persons for resolution, monitoring complaint resolution progress and communicating results.Compliance: The state of an organization that meets prescribed specifications, contract terms, regulations or standards.Computer aided design (CAD): Software used by architects, engineers, drafters and artists to create precision drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-dimensional (3-D) models.Computer aided engineering (CAE): A broad term used by the electronic design automation industry for the use of computers to design, analyze and manufacture products and processes. CAE includes CAD (see listing) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM), which is the use of computers for managing manufacturing processes. Concurrent engineering (CE): A way to reduce cost, improve quality and shrink cycle time by simplifying a product's system of life cycle tasks during the early concept stages.Conflict resolution: The management of a conflict situation to arrive at a resolution satisfactory to all parties. Conformance: An affirmative indication or judgment that a product or service has met the requirements of a relevant specification, contract or regulation.Conformitè Europeënne Mark (CE Mark): Conformity European Union mark. The European Union created the CE Mark to regulate the goods sold within its borders. The mark represents a manufacturer's declaration products comply with the EU's New Approach Directives. These directives apply to any country that sells products within the EU.Consensus: A state in which all the members of a group support an action or decision, even if some of them don't fully agree with it.Consultant: An individual who has experience and expertise in applying tools and techniques to resolve process problems and who can advise and facilitate an organization's improvement efforts.Consumer: The external customer to whom a product or service is ultimately delivered; Also called end user. Consumer's risk: Pertains to sampling and the potential risk that bad product will be accepted and shipped to the consumer.Continuous flow production: Means that items are produced and moved from one processing step to the next one piece at a time. Each process makes only the one piece that the next process needs, and the transfer batch size is one.Continuous improvement (CI): Sometimes called continual improvement. The ongoing improvement of products, services or processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements.Continuous quality improvement (CQI): A philosophy and attitude for analyzing capabilities and processes and improving them repeatedly to achieve the objective of customer satisfaction.Continuous sampling plan: In acceptance sampling, a plan, intended for application to a continuous flow of individual units of product, that involves acceptance and rejection on a unit by unit basis and employs alternate periods of 100% inspection and sampling, the relative amount of 100% inspection depending on the quality of submitted product. Continuous sampling plans usually require that each t period of 100% inspection be continued until a specified number, i, of consecutively inspected units are found clear of defects. Note: For single level continuous sampling plans, a single d sampling rate (for example, inspect 1 unit in 5 or 1 unit in 10) is used during sampling. For multilevel continuous sampling plans, two or more sampling rates may be used: The rate at any time depends on the quality of submitted product.Control chart: A chart with upper and lower control limits on which values of some statistical measure for a series of samples or subgroups are plotted. The chart frequently shows a central line to help detect a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.Control limits: The natural boundaries of a process within specified confidence levels, expressed as the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL).Control plan (CP): A document that describes the required characteristics for the quality of a product or service, including measures and control methods. Coordinate measuring machine (CMM): A device that dimensionally measures 3-D products, tools and components with an accuracy approaching 0.0001 in. Corrective action: The implementation of solutions resulting in the reduction or elimination of an identified problem.Corrective action recommendation (CAR): The full cycle corrective action tool that offers ease and simplicity for employee involvement in the corrective action/process improvement cycle.Correlation (statistical): A measure of the relationship between two data sets of variables.Cost of poor quality (COPQ): The costs associated with providing poor quality products or services. There are four categories of costs: internal failure costs (costs associated with defects found before the customer receives the product or service), external failure costs (costs associated with defects found after the customer receives the product or service), appraisal costs (costs incurred to determine the degree of conformance to quality requirements) and prevention costs (costs incurred to keep failure and appraisal costs to a minimum).Cost of quality (COQ): A term coined by Philip Crosby referring to the cost of poor quality.Count chart: A control chart for evaluating the stability of a process in terms of the count of events of a given classification occurring in a sample.Count per unit chart: A control chart for evaluating the stability of a process in terms of the average count of events of a given classification per unit occurring in a sample.C p: The ratio of tolerance to six sigma, or the USL (upper specification limit) minus the LSL (lower specification limit) divided by six sigma. It is sometimes referred to as the engineering tolerance divided by the natural tolerance and is only a measure of dispersion.C pk index: Equals the lesser of the USL minus the mean divided by three sigma (or the mean) minus the LSL divided by three sigma. The greater the C pk value, the better. Critical processes: Processes that present serious potential dangers to human life, health and the environment or that risk the loss of very large sums of money or customers.Crosby, Philip (deceased): The founder and chairman of the board of Career IV, an executive management consulting firm. Crosby also founded Philip Crosby Associates Inc. and the Quality College. He wrote many books including Quality Is Free, Quality Without Tears, Let's Talk Quality, and Leading: The Art of Becoming an Executive. Crosby, who originated the zero defects concept, was an ASQ Honorary Member and past president.Cross functional: A term used to describe a process or an activity that crosses the boundary between functions. A cross functional team consists of individuals from more than one organizational unit or function.Cross pilot: See "scatter diagram."Cultural resistance: A form of resistance based on opposition to the possible social and organizational consequences associated with change.Culture change: A major shift in the attitudes, norms, sentiments, beliefs, values, operating principles and behavior of an organization.Culture, organizational: A common set of values, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and accepted behaviors shared by individuals within an organization.Cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM): A control chart on which the plotted value is the cumulative sum of deviations of successive samples from a target value. The ordinate of each plotted point represents the algebraic sum of the previous ordinate and the most recent deviations from the target.Current good manufacturing practices (CGMP): Regulations enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for food and chemical manufacturers and packagers.Customer: See "external customer" and "internal customer."Customer delight: The result of delivering a product or service that exceeds customer expectations.Customer relationship management (CRM): A strategy used to learn more about customers' needs and behaviors to develop stronger relationships with them. It brings together information about customers, sales, marketing。
如何使用英语词典
3. 留心词典的页眉。打开英语词典，在正文部分左边一页左上角和右边一页的右上角会看到各有一个黑体词，左上端那个黑体词就是该页第一个单词，右上端那个黑体词就是该页的最后一个单词。有时每页的左右角可能都有一个词，那就是该页的第一个单词和最后一个单词。查单词时注意这些黑体词，可以加快查阅速度。有的同学在词典侧面标出26个字母的顺序（注意标出字母宽相对应页的宽度），也使得查阅更方便。
Ⅱ. 怎样查英语词典：
1. 词典买到手后，先要读词典的目录、前言、用法说明、略语表等，了解词典中的一些符号的意思及词典为你提供了哪些内容。如：n.表示名词，vi.表示不及物动词，vt.表示及物动词，&表示and，[C]表示可数名词，[U]表示不可数名词，[俚]表示俚语等。词典后还经常附有人名和地名表、不规则动词表、缩略语表等，这都是对英语学习很有帮助的资料。
2、英语学习词典
一般选用英语学习中最需要的常用词汇，提供丰富的句型、疑难说明及词汇搭配、词语辨析等功能，如：《朗文当代英语学习辞典》、《朗文高阶英语词典》、《朗文中阶英语词典》、《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》《韦氏中国学生英汉双解词典》等都是此类词典。
3、英英词典
一般是由母语为英语的人编写的纯英语的单语词典，无论是释义还是例句，都是用英语表达的，没有中文对应词和翻译，可以说为学习者提供了一个纯英语的环境。通过查词典可以增加英语的阅读量，而看懂英语释义的过程就是学习用英语思考、用英语理解的过程，能够增加语感，准确理解英语单词的词义及用法，有助于培养英语学习者书面语和口语的准确表达及语言技能的恰当运用，适合于一般中级或中级以上水平的学习者使用。
2. 词典的编排顺序：英语词典里的单词都是按照字母表的顺序(Aa～Zz)来排列的，也就是说所有以字母a开头的单词都排在最前面，接下去是以字母b, c …… 开头的词，最后为字母z开头的词。而单词的其他字母也是这个顺序排列的。查某个词时，要先看该词的第一个字母是什么，在词典中找到以这个字母开头的单词，再看所要查找词的第二个字母、第三个字母、第四个字母……依次类推，最后就可查到要查的单词。
children'sillustrateddictionary-英语
children'sillustrateddictionary-英语全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：孩子们的图解词典（Children's Illustrated Dictionary）是一本为孩子们设计的英语词汇参考书籍。
它的目的是帮助孩子们更好地理解和学习英语，通过丰富多彩的插图和简单易懂的解释，激发他们对语言和知识的兴趣。
这本词典包括了丰富的词汇，涵盖了日常生活中的各种主题和话题，如家庭、动物、食物、交通工具、学校、自然等。
每个词汇都配有生动的插图，帮助孩子们更快地理解词汇所代表的意思。
每个词汇都附有简单清晰的解释，让孩子们能够轻松地理解和记忆。
除了词汇的解释和插图外，这本词典还包括了一些有趣的知识和信息，如单词的拼写规则、词语的用法、常见的短语和习语等。
这些知识让孩子们在学习词汇的也能够拓展自己的语言能力和文化知识。
孩子们的图解词典不仅适合于英语学习者，也可以作为家长和老师指导孩子学习英语的工具书。
家长可以和孩子一起阅读这本词典，帮助他们扩大词汇量、提高语言能力；老师可以在课堂上引导学生使用这本词典，让他们更好地理解和应用所学的知识。
孩子们的图解词典是一本非常有价值的英语学习工具书，它不仅帮助孩子们打好英语基础，还能激发他们对语言和知识的兴趣，让学习变得更加有趣和轻松。
希望每位孩子在使用这本词典的过程中都能够感受到学习的快乐和成就感，为自己的语言能力和学习能力增添新的色彩。
第二篇示例：【儿童插图词典-英语】儿童插图词典是一本专为儿童设计的英语词典，它通过生动的插图和简洁明了的解释帮助儿童掌握英语知识。
这本词典涵盖了各种日常生活中常见的词汇，包括动物、植物、食物、交通工具等等，让孩子们可以通过图片和文字来学习英语，提高他们的词汇量和语言表达能力。
儿童插图词典的特点之一就是其丰富多彩的插图。
每个词条后面都会配有生动的插图，让孩子们可以直观地理解这个词的含义。
这些插图不仅美观，更重要的是能够帮助孩子们建立起对这些词汇的印象，使他们更容易记忆和应用这些词汇。
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Bye-bye. A. Anybody home?A. Thank you verymuch.非常感謝。