探讨妊娠孕中期唐氏筛查结果分析
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探讨妊娠孕中期唐氏筛查结果分析
发表时间:2017-10-18T14:10:17.407Z 来源:《健康世界》2017年16期作者:王爰
[导读] 孕中期产前血清筛查是降低DS的重要手段,特别对胎儿染色体异常进行筛查是有效的方法。七台河市妇幼保健院 154600
摘要:目的研究并探讨妊娠孕中期唐氏筛查结果。方法此次研究的对象是选择2012年10月1日~2013年9月30日我院7076例孕15~20周孕妇,将其临床资料进行回顾性分析,并采用时间分辨荧光分析法对其进行血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)以及游离绒毛膜促性腺激素(F-βHCG)的定量检测。再根据孕妇年龄、体重、孕龄等因素通过唐氏筛查软件算出唐氏风险系数,以阳性切割值1/270为高危。并对高风险的孕妇进行B超跟踪检查、羊水胎儿细胞染色体核型分析、羊水穿刺。分析7076例孕妇中唐氏高风险孕妇高风险类型分布、高风险孕妇筛查结果、不同孕龄段筛查结果。结果 7076例孕妇中唐氏高风险者396例,阳性率为5.6%。在对孕妇进行羊水胎儿细胞染色体核型分析的结果中显示,276例唐氏综合征(DS)高风险孕妇中,共有唐氏胎儿4例,死胎3例,其他异常3例。对57例伴有神经管缺陷的高危孕妇进行B超检查结果显示,1例无脑儿。对43例18-三体高危孕妇中的6例孕妇做羊水染色体检查,结果显示均为正常。296例DS高风险孕妇中,孕15~15+6周的检出率为50%,孕16~16+6周的检出率为100%,孕17~17+6周的检出率为100%,孕18~18+6周的检出率为100%,孕19~20周的检出率为0%,孕16~18+6周的检出率(100%)显著优于孕15~15+6周及19~20周,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。孕16~18+6周高风险率(3.70%)及假阳性率(3.65%)明显低于孕15~15+6周(6.78%、6.64%)及19~20周(6.78%、5.70%),差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。结论孕中期产前血清筛查是降低DS的重要手段,特别对胎儿染色体异常进行筛查是有效的方法,并对筛查结果为高危的孕妇进行B超检查或者羊水染色体核型分析能大大降低胎儿出生后的缺陷率。
关键词:唐氏综合征;妊娠;孕中期;产前;血清筛查
[Abstract] Objective To study and investigate the results of down screening in the second trimester of pregnancy. The object of this research method is to select the October 1,2012 to September 30,2013 in our hospital 7076 cases of pregnant women from 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy,the retrospective analysis of the clinical data,and using the time-resolved fluorescence analysis of serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP)and the free chorionic gonadotropin(F- beta HCG)quantitative detection. According to maternal age,weight,gestational age and other factors,the Down's risk coefficient was calculated by Down's screening software,and the positive cut value 1/270 was high risk. The high-risk pregnant women were examined by B-mode ultrasonography,amniotic fluid,fetal cells,karyotype analysis and amniocentesis. The high-risk types of pregnant women with middle term pregnancy in 7076 pregnant women were analyzed,the high-risk type distribution,high-risk pregnant women screening results,and the screening results of different gestational age groups were carried out. Results among 7076 pregnant women,396 were high-risk in Middle Tang,and the positive rate was 5.6%. The karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid cells in pregnant women showed that among 276 high-risk women with Down syndrome (DS),there were 4 cases of Down's fetus,3 cases of stillbirth and 3 cases of other abnormalities. For high-risk pregnant women 57 cases of neural tube defects of ultrasound examination showed that 1 cases of anencephalus. Amniotic fluid chromosome examination was performed on 6 pregnant women with trisomy 18- at high risk,and the results showed that all 43 cases were normal. DS in 296 cases of high risk pregnant women,the detection of 15 ~ 15+6 gestational weeks rate was 50%,the detection of 16 ~ 16+6 gestational weeks rate was 100%,the detection of 17 ~ 17+6 gestational weeks rate was 100%,the detection of 18 ~ 18+6 gestational weeks were 100%,19 and 20 weeks of pregnancy detection rate was 0%,detection the rate of pregnancy of 16 ~ 18+6 weeks(100%)was significantly better in 15 ~ 15+6 gestational weeks and 19 ~ 20 weeks,the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). The high risk rate(3.70%)and false positive rate(3.65%)between 16 and 18+6 weeks()were significantly lower than those from 15 to 15+6 weeks(6.78%,6.64%)and 19~20 weeks(6.78%,5.70%),and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion the second trimester prenatal serum screening is an important means to reduce the DS,especially for fetal chromosomal abnormalities screening is an effective method,and the screening results for high-risk pregnant women by B-ultrasound or amniotic fluid chromosome karyotype analysis can greatly reduce the rate of birth defects in the fetus.
Down's syndrome;pregnancy;second trimester;prenatal;serum screening
唐氏综合征又称为21三体综合征或先天愚型,是常见的由染色体数目异常引起的疾病,是由于患者的生殖细胞在形成期或者合子期多了一条21号染色体所导致。患者主要表现为先天性智力障碍,生活能力较差,面容特殊,且由于该病无法治疗,因此给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担[1]。为了降低唐氏综合征患儿的出生率,临床上多采用产前筛查和产前诊断对其进行预防[2]。目前国内进行的绝大部分血清学指标筛查都是在孕中期开展,但是由于需要筛查的孕龄跨度较大,一般为15~20周,所以总体筛查计算出的假阳性率较高,因此加大了对B 超跟踪检查、羊水胎儿细胞染色体核型分析、羊水穿刺等产前诊断技术的使用率[3]。因此本研究选取浙江省瑞安市妇幼保健院(以下简称“我院”)7076例孕妇作为研究对象,对唐氏综合征妊娠孕中期产前的筛查结果进行了分析,现报道如下: 1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2012年10月1日~2013年9月30日于我院进行中期产前筛查的7076例孕妇。年龄18~34岁,平均(23.2±4.7)岁。纳入标准:①单胎妊娠者;②年龄<35周岁者;③孕15~20周孕妇;④自愿参加本项研究者。排除标准:①不符合上述纳入标准者;②人工受精及试管婴儿孕妇;③既往有不良孕产史的孕妇;④严重精神疾病患者。
1.2仪器
惠普8500彩色超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5~7.5 MHz。Wallac-1420-D型全自动时间荧光免疫分辨仪(芬兰Perkin Elmer公司)。使用的试剂为DELFIA AFP和游离人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)试剂盒(芬兰PerkinElmer公司)。
1.3 观察指标及研究方法
分析7076例孕妇中高风险孕妇高风险类型分布、高风险孕妇筛查结果、不同孕龄段筛查结果。