大学学术英语阅读教程英语卷子
大学英语阅读练习习题及答案(最新整理)
Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.“Tear’ em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee(裁判)!”There are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations(含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary” “enemy” and “one who opposes your interests”. Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to take every action, no matter how gross it is. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reaching to his opponen t’s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated( 提升) the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dict ionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague” “friend” and “companion”. Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent”.57.Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?A)The words people use can influence their behavior.B)Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.C)Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.D)Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.58.Gross actions are taken during games because the players .A)are too eager to winB)treat their rivals as enemiesC)are usually short-tempered and easily offendedD)cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitions59.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?A)He angrily hit the referee with a ballB)He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.C)He claimed that referee was unfairD)He refused to continue the game60.What is the meaning of the word ‘court” (Para. 4)?A)please where trials are heldB)official residence of a sovereignC)space marked for sportsD)courtyard61.The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by.A)regulating the relationship between players and refereesB)calling on players to use clean language in the courtC)rais ing the referee’s sense of responsibilityD)changing the attitude of players on the sports field57—61 ABBCDPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The French word “renaissance” means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, and then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate tothis period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half--- though at different rates in different countries---that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.62.Which statement is NOT true about the “Renaissance”?A)It began from 1450 and came to an end in 1600.B)It originated in Italy and then spread throughout Europe.C)People wanted to achieve nothing in life.D)Artists and writers showed interest in religious subject matter.63.The phrase “frowned on” (para.1) is closest in meaning to .A)disapproved of B) forgotten aboutC) argued about D) given up64.It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of Renaissance wereseeking a rebirth of .A)communication among artists across Europe.B)spirituality in everyday lifeC)a cultural emphasis on human valuesD)religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular(世俗的) themes.65.According to the passage, why was Bemaradino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?A)It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B)It had little emotional impact on audiences.C)It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D)It did not contain enough religious themes.66.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?A)The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B)The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C)Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Rome musicians.D)During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.62---66 CACBDPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Romantic love is a culture trait found primarily in industrialized societies. Elsewhere in the world, pragmatic considerations rather than flights of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection. Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well”---that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential. Most Americans, however, see romantic love asessential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance（轻蔑地）at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive. They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty (充满幻想的), even irrational manner, decide that they are right for one another, and may then enter a marriage whose success is expected to be guaranteed by their enduring love. Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed(赞同) throughout American popular culture, by books, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV. Romantic love is a noble ideal, and it can certainly provide a basis for the spouses to “live happily ever after”. But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerations---as indeed they have been in most societies throughout most of history. Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reason seems to be that it has somebasic functions in maintaining the institution of nuclear family（小家庭)。
大学英文考试题及答案
大学英文考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
A篇In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged. Many students find it convenient to study at home through online courses, which offer flexibility and the ability to learn at one's own pace. However, critics argue that online education lacks the personal interaction and hands-on experience that traditional classroom settings provide.问题1：根据短文，在线教育近年来流行起来的原因是什么？A. Flexibility and self-paced learningB. Lower costsC. More available coursesD. Better job prospects答案1：A问题2：批评者认为在线教育缺少什么？A. Personal interactionB. A wide range of subjectsC. High-quality instructorsD. Advanced technology答案2：AB篇The concept of a "smart city" is becoming more prevalent as technology advances. A smart city uses technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. This includes the use of sensors to monitor traffic, smart grids for efficient energy use, and apps that help residents find available parking spaces.问题3：智能城市使用技术来做什么？A. Monitor wildlifeB. Improve quality of lifeC. Increase population densityD. Attract tourists答案3：B问题4：智能城市中不包括以下哪项技术？A. Sensors for trafficB. Smart gridsC. Apps for parkingD. Virtual reality答案4：D二、词汇与语法（共30分）问题5-10：用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。
大学英语阅读真题及答案
大学英语阅读真题及答案因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面给大家整理的高校阅读理解真题供参考，以下是我给大家整理的高校英语阅读真题及答案，盼望可以帮到大家Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isnt why the governmentunder pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour partyhas agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩处性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2021 and consulted through 2021. But the plan was suspended in July 2021. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Camerons election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his news advisers outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2021, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tamethe tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2021lament (叹息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A) They fueled a lot of controversy.B) They made more British people obese.C) They attracted a lot of smokers.D) They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money!In return for an averageof44,000 of debt,students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesnt even provide any guarantee of a decent job:sixin ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaboratecom-tricks(骗术). Theres a lotfor students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesnt work out, students pay very littleif anyof their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning 21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduatesthose who go on to earn lesswill have a portion of their debt written off. Its not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates,and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you dont learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to universityand there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the authors opinion of going to university?A) It is worthwhile after all.B) It is simply a waste of time.C) It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D) It is too expensive for most young people.52. What does the author say about the employment situation ofBritish university graduates?A) Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B) It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C) Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D) Most of them take jobs which dont require a college degree.53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?A) Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B) Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C) Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D) Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A) Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B) Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C) Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D) Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B) Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C) University education is becoming attractive to students who canafford it.D) The prestige of the university influences employers recruitment decisions.Section Cpassage one46. [D] It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. [A] Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.48. [B] The number of smokes has dropped more sharply than in the UK.49. [A] Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.50. [C] They made more British people obese.passage two51. [A] It is worthwhile after all.52. [D] Most of them take jobs which dont require a college degree.53. [C] Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.54. [B] Meting people who will be helpful to you in the future.55. [D] The prestige of the university influences employers recruitment decisions.认真阅读46. A it is unfair to those climate-venerable nations.细节题，题目定位词除了Paris climate agreement之外还有一个重点定位词critical，问为什么对此协议是批判态度，在文中并不是很明确找到。
大学英语阅读试题及答案
大学英语阅读试题及答案# 大学英语阅读试题及答案阅读材料一文章文章摘要：In recent years, the rapid development of technology has dramatically transformed the landscape of education. This article explores the various ways in which technology has impacted the educational experience, from the use of digital textbooks to online learning platforms.文章内容：The integration of technology into the classroom has been a double-edged sword. On one hand, it has opened up a world of possibilities for educators and students alike, providing access to a wealth of information and resources at the click of a button. On the other hand, it has also raised concerns about the potential for distraction and the digital divide that may exclude some students from these advancements.Digital textbooks, for instance, are more affordable and environmentally friendly compared to traditional textbooks. They can be updated easily and contain interactive elements that can enhance the learning experience. However, not all students have access to the necessary devices to utilize these digital resources, which can lead to an unequaleducational experience.Online learning platforms have also become increasingly popular, offering flexibility and convenience for students who may not be able to attend traditional classes. These platforms provide a wide range of courses and can cater to different learning styles. Yet, the lack of face-to-face interaction and the potential for cheating are issues that need to be addressed.问题：1. What is the main topic of the article?2. What are the benefits of using digital textbooks?3. What concerns does the author raise about the use of technology in education?4. What are the advantages of online learning platforms?答案：1. The main topic of the article is the impact of technology on education.2. The benefits of using digital textbooks include affordability, environmental friendliness, easy updates, and interactive elements.3. The author raises concerns about the potential for distraction, the digital divide, and the unequal educational experience due to lack of access to necessary devices.4. The advantages of online learning platforms include flexibility, convenience, a wide range of courses, and catering to different learning styles.阅读材料二文章标题：The Role of Social Media in Modern Society文章摘要：Social media has become an integral part of modern society, influencing how people communicate, share information, and form opinions. This article examines the role of social media in various aspects of life, including its impact on personal relationships, business, and politics.文章内容：Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionized the way we interact with one another. They have made it easier to stay connected with friends and family, regardless of geographical distance. However, they have also been criticized for promoting superficial relationships and reducing face-to-face interactions.In the business world, social media has become a powerfultool for marketing and customer engagement. Companies can use social media to promote their products, gather customer feedback, and build their brand image. Nevertheless, the pressure to constantly be online and the potential for negative publicity are challenges that businesses must navigate.The political landscape has also been significantly affected by social media. It has provided a platform for politiciansto communicate directly with the public, bypassingtraditional media channels. This has democratized the flow of information but has also led to the spread of misinformation and the polarization of opinions.问题：1. What is the main focus of the article?2. How has social media changed personal relationships according to the article?3. What role does social media play in the business sector?4. How has social media influenced politics?答案：1. The main focus of the article is the role of social media in modern society.2. Social media has made it easier to stay connected with friends and family but has also been criticized for promoting superficial relationships and reducing face-to-face interactions.3. In the business sector, social media plays a role in marketing, customer engagement, brand image building, and gathering customer feedback.4. Social media has influenced politics by providing a platform for direct communication between politicians and the public, democratizing information flow, but also contributing to the spread of misinformation and opinion polarization.请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的大学英语阅读试题及答案会根据具体的教学大纲和课程内容而有所不同。
学术英语教程部分答案
学术英语教程部分答案P43UNIT7 (making more concise)1. After we have Having carried through the formulism of Lagrange multipliers for 27 variables with 18 equations of constraints, we obtain the equations of three major axes.2. They proposed that the factory should be fined, fining that factory for it has seriously polluted the rivers nearby.3. After it is being boiled, water readily gives off water vapor.4. We clearly observes the enhancement, and numerically analyzed the angular-distribution moments of the constant and found finding that the enhancement is constant.5. We want to minimize friction, so we should grease the metallic surface.6. The water is cooled so that it can to be used in the condenser.7. The material that we are going to be used is a good conductor.8. Supplies of rubber which Rubber supplies were required by industry came from far away.9. The research that is now being carried out in NMR imaging is extensive and meaningful.10. The plane which is flying at an altitude of 2140 meters is subjected to pressures of 80 kilometers per square meter.11. The screw revolved once, and it raise raising the load by 30mm.12. The contractors are responsible for the damage, since they having installed the machinery.13. If they are Given a chance, the hegemonies would stagea comeback.14. It is my strong desire is to join in your work, in the hope hoping that will be in the field of mirror theory.15. He responded in a hasty manner. Hastily.P501. In this formula, we have neglected the friction losses caused by friction.2. We began the experiment, and hoped that the experiment could be successful,hopeful of success.3. Connect M to N by using gears. M is geared to N.4. The goods will be transported by means of trucked.5. If we have having no faith, we can do nothing.6. Electromagnetic waves, though they are invisible to our eyes, do exist in space, and reveal the same speed as light waves.7. Three colors -----red, green, and blue----will, if they are mixed together in the right proportion properly, give us white light.8. When you are making something, you have to choose the most suitable material for the purpose.9. Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt that the atom can be split and its power c an be used.10. One side of the moving road will travel in one direction, the other side will travel in theopposite direction.11. Velocity carried the idea of direction, but speed does not carry the idea of direction.12. They were fastened together with staples stapled.。
大学英语阅读理解练习题及答案
大学英语阅读理解练习题Passage oneEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.1.According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleepB. much more hard-working than other inventorsC. the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.A. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needleB. how to design a needle which would not breakC. where to put the needle3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howe’s best friends4.Dreams are sometimes called“secret messages to ourselves”because___.A. strange images are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningPassage twoThe greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, chance and health made itunusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children ,her work is lightened by household appliances（家用电器）and convenience foods.This important change in women’s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’ s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age ,and though women tend to marry younger ,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more after wads, return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.5.We are told that in an average family about 1990________.A. many children died before they were fiveB. the youngest child would be fifteenC. seven of eight children lived to be more than fiveD. four or five children died when they were five6. When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother________.A. would expect to work until she dieB. was usually expected to take up paid employmentC. would be healthy enough to take up paid employmentD. was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely7. Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________.A. marry so that they can get a jobB. leave school as soon as they canC. give up their jobs for good after they are marriedD. continue working until they are going to have a baby8. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to________.A. stay at home after leaving schoolB. marry men younger than themselvesC. start working again later in lifeD. marry while still at schoolPassage threeSwimming is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid, to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous.To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn, as soon as possible, these four basic strokes; butterfly, backstroke, breastroke, and crawl. I feel that one of these-the breaststroke-is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training.In swimming there are certain rules every swimmer should follow:1. Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning by swimming alone. If you swim by yourself , with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble.2. Don't go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach, Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good.Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive.3. Don't smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body; good lungs are part of it.4. Work at any activity that builds muscles.9. Little children can learn to swim as soon as _____.A. they can talkB. they start walkingC. they have no fear of the waterD. they are five or six years old10. The author believes that fear of water is_____.A. stupidB. sensibleC. dangerousD. not smart11. The stroke that some young swimmers use first is_____.A. Picture (1)B. Picture (2)C. Picture (3)D. Picture (4)12. According to the passage, you should not swim alone because_____.A. the water is too coldB. your parents would not be happyC. something in the water might attackD. you might drownPassage fourAmericans spend their free time in various ways.America is a country of sports—of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sports on television. They also like to play incommunity orchestras(管弦乐队),make their own films or recordings, go camping ,visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities. The people also enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a"self-improvement" country. More than 25 million adults continue their education, chiefly by going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans a1so devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay. Why do they do it?There are several answers. The idea of cooperating and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself.When the country was first founded in 1776,it was necessary for the settlers to work together to live. They had crossed dangerous seas and risked all they had in their struggle for political and religious freedom. There remains among many Americans a distrust of central government.People still prefer to do things themselves within their communities, rather than give the government more control.Sometimes people offer their time because they wish to accomplish something for which no money is paid, to do something that will be of benefit to the entire community. It is true that some people use their leisure because they are truly interested in the work; or they are learning from the experience.No matter what the reason is, hundreds of thousands of so called leisure hours are put into hard, unpaid work on one or another community need.13. This passage is mainly about ________ . A. why America is a country of sportsB. how Americans spend their free timeC. why America is a "self-improvement" country14. The writer mentions the foundation of the country in order to indicate ________.A. the early history of AmericaB. the American people's determination to liveC. the reason for Americans' willingness to cooperate and share responsibility15.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the underlined word “leisure" A. work time B. energy C. spare time16.What can we infer from the textA. The first settlers left their hometown for political and religious reasons.B. Many Americans don′t trust the central government.C. American people enjoy building things for their homes just for fun.Passage fivePersonal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren’t necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she’d been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story.With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.E-mail is also an inexpensive way stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way o f staying in touch. They don’t take the place of any of the old ways.17.The purpose of this passage is to ________.18.A. explain how to use the InternetB. describe the writer’s joy of keeping up with the latest technologyC. tell the merits(价值) and usefulness of the InternetD. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet18. The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to ________.A. spend less time workingB. have more free time with his childC. work at home on weekendsD. work at a speed comfortable to him19. According to the writer, E-mail has an obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one ________.A. reach a group of people at one time convenientlyB. keep one’s communication as perso nal as possibleC. pass on much more information than the laterD. get in touch with one’s friends faster than the later20.The best title for this passage is ________.21.A. Computer: New Technological AdvancesB. Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good FriendshipC. Computers Have Made Life EasierD. Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication1.C2.A3.B4.A5.D6.D7.D8.C9.B 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.D。
大学英语阅读试题及答案
大学英语阅读试题及答案
一、阅读理解（共20分，每小题4分）
1. 根据文章内容，作者认为大学教育的主要目的是什么？
A. 培养职业技能
B. 促进个人全面发展
C. 提高就业率
D. 增加学术研究
2. 文章提到了哪些因素对大学生的学术表现有影响？
A. 家庭背景
B. 学习态度
C. 个人兴趣
D. 所有上述因素
3. 作者对于大学教育的期望是什么？
A. 学生能够找到满意的工作
B. 学生能够获得终身学习的能力
C. 学生能够对社会有所贡献
D. 学生能够获得丰富的社交经验
4. 文章中提到的“批判性思维”是指什么？
A. 怀疑一切
B. 接受所有观点
C. 分析和评估信息的能力
D. 仅凭直觉做决策
5. 根据文章，大学教育应该如何适应社会的变化？
A. 增加实践课程
B. 减少理论教学
C. 与企业合作
D. 所有上述方法
答案：
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. D。
大学英语阅读试题及答案
大学英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
A. 短文一In recent years, the popularity of online courses has surged, with millions of students around the world taking advantageof the convenience and flexibility they offer. Online courses provide a wide range of subjects, from humanities to science, and are accessible to anyone with an internet connection. However, there are concerns about the quality of education that can be delivered through this medium.问题1： Why has the popularity of online courses increased in recent years?答案1： The popularity of online courses has increased due to the convenience and flexibility they offer, allowing millions of students to access a wide range of subjects through the internet.问题2： What are the concerns regarding online courses?答案2： There are concerns about the quality of educationthat can be delivered through online courses.B. 短文二The concept of a "smart city" is becoming more prevalent as technology advances. A smart city uses technology to improve the quality of life for its citizens, enhance sustainability, and facilitate efficient urban services. For example, smart traffic management systems can reduce congestion, while smart energy systems can optimize energy consumption.问题3： What is a smart city?答案3： A smart city is a city that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its citizens, enhance sustainability, and facilitate efficient urban services.问题4： What are some of the benefits of smart city technology?答案4： Benefits include improved quality of life, enhanced sustainability, and optimized energy consumption through efficient urban services like smart traffic and energy management systems.二、完形填空（共10分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
西大学术英语试题及答案
西大学术英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The term "academic" is most closely associated with which of the following fields?A. SportsB. MusicC. LiteratureD. Science2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of academic writing?A. Formal languageB. ObjectivityC. Personal opinionsD. Logical structure3. In academic research, the importance of referencing is to:A. Show off one's knowledgeB. Acknowledge the work of othersC. Avoid plagiarismD. All of the above4. The primary purpose of a literature review in academic writing is to:A. Summarize the author's own researchB. Provide background informationC. Criticize other scholars' workD. Introduce the methodology5. What is the correct order of sections in a typical academic paper?A. Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, ConclusionB. Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, AbstractC. Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, ReferencesD. Title, Introduction, Results, Methodology, Discussion, Conclusion6. Which of the following is not a common citation style?A. APAB. MLAC. ChicagoD. HTML7. The term "peer review" refers to the process where:A. Authors review their own workB. Other scholars in the same field evaluate the workC. The general public reviews the workD. The editor of a journal reviews the work8. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research?A. SurveysB. Case studiesC. InterviewsD. Observations9. The purpose of a hypothesis in research is to:A. Make predictionsB. Prove the researcher's beliefsC. Provide a conclusionD. Summarize the research10. In academic writing, the use of the first person is generally:A. Encouraged to add a personal touchB. Discouraged to maintain objectivityC. Required for all research papersD. Optional based on the field of study答案：1-5 DCBCC6-10 DBABA二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The _______ section of an academic paper usually provides an overview of the research and its significance.2. When citing a source, it is important to include the_______, author(s), title, and publication year.3. The _______ is a document that lists all the sources cited in an academic paper.4. In academic writing, the use of _______ words and phrases helps to convey a sense of certainty.5. A _______ is a type of research that seeks to understand phenomena in depth, often through detailed case studies.6. The _______ is the part of an academic paper where the researcher presents the results of their study.7. The _______ section of a paper discusses the findings andrelates them to existing literature and theories.8. A _______ is a statement that proposes a possible relationship between variables.9. The _______ is the final part of an academic paper where the main points are summarized and future research directions are suggested.10. In a literature review, the researcher _______ previous research to establish a context for their own study.答案：1. Abstract2. citation3. References4. modal5. qualitative6. Results7. Discussion8. hypothesis9. Conclusion10. reviews三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What are the key elements of a research proposal?2. Describe the process of conducting a literature review.3. Explain the difference between primary and secondary sources.4. What is the role of an abstract in academic writing?答案：1. Key elements of a research proposal include the research question, background information, literature review,methodology, expected results, and significance of the study.2. Conducting a literature review involves searching for and evaluating existing research on a topic, summarizing key findings, and synthesizing this information to identify gaps and establish a context for new research.3. Primary sources are original materials or evidence fromthe time period involved, created by a witness or participant. Secondary sources are based on primary sources and include analyses, interpretations, or summaries of the evidence.4. The role of an abstract in academic writing is to providea brief summary of the research paper, highlighting the main points, methods, results, and conclusions, allowing readersto quickly assess the relevance of the paper.四、论述题（每题15分，共。
大学英语阅读理解练习题及答案.doc
大学英语阅读理解练习题Passage oneEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.1.According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleepB. much more hard-working than other inventorsC. the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.A. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needleB. how to design a needle which would not breakC. where to put the needle3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howe’s best friends4.Dreams are sometimes called“secret messages to ourselves”because___.A. strange images are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningPassage twoThe greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, chance and health made itunusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children ,her work is lightened by household appliances（家用电器）and convenience foods.This important change in women’s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’ s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age ,and though women tend to marry younger ,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more after wads, return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.5.We are told that in an average family about 1990________.A. many children died before they were fiveB. the youngest child would be fifteenC. seven of eight children lived to be more than fiveD. four or five children died when they were five6. When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother________.A. would expect to work until she dieB. was usually expected to take up paid employmentC. would be healthy enough to take up paid employmentD. was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely7. Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________.A. marry so that they can get a jobB. leave school as soon as they canC. give up their jobs for good after they are marriedD. continue working until they are going to have a baby8. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to________.A. stay at home after leaving schoolB. marry men younger than themselvesC. start working again later in lifeD. marry while still at schoolPassage threeSwimming is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid, to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous.To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn, as soon as possible, these four basic strokes; butterfly, backstroke, breastroke, and crawl. I feel that one of these-the breaststroke-is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training.In swimming there are certain rules every swimmer should follow:1. Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning by swimming alone. If you swim by yourself , with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble.2. Don't go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach, Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good.Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive.3. Don't smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body; good lungs are part of it.4. Work at any activity that builds muscles.9. Little children can learn to swim as soon as _____.A. they can talkB. they start walkingC. they have no fear of the waterD. they are five or six years old10. The author believes that fear of water is_____.A. stupidB. sensibleC. dangerousD. not smart11. The stroke that some young swimmers use first is_____.A. Picture (1)B. Picture (2)C. Picture (3)D. Picture (4)12. According to the passage, you should not swim alone because_____.A. the water is too coldB. your parents would not be happyC. something in the water might attackD. you might drownPassage fourAmericans spend their free time in various ways.America is a country of sports—of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sports on television. They also like to play incommunity orchestras(管弦乐队),make their own films or recordings, go camping ,visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities. The people also enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a"self-improvement" country. More than 25 million adults continue their education, chiefly by going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans a1so devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay. Why do they do it?There are several answers. The idea of cooperating and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself.When the country was first founded in 1776,it was necessary for the settlers to work together to live. They had crossed dangerous seas and risked all they had in their struggle for political and religious freedom. There remains among many Americans a distrust of central government.People still prefer to do things themselves within their communities, rather than give the government more control.Sometimes people offer their time because they wish to accomplish something for which no money is paid, to do something that will be of benefit to the entire community. It is true that some people use their leisure because they are truly interested in the work; or they are learning from the experience.No matter what the reason is, hundreds of thousands of so called leisure hours are put into hard, unpaid work on one or another community need.13. This passage is mainly about ________ . A. why America is a country of sportsB. how Americans spend their free timeC. why America is a "self-improvement" country14. The writer mentions the foundation of the country in order to indicate ________.A. the early history of AmericaB. the American people's determination to liveC. the reason for Americans' willingness to cooperate and share responsibility15.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the underlined word “leisure" A. work time B. energy C. spare time16.What can we infer from the textA. The first settlers left their hometown for political and religious reasons.B. Many Americans don′t trust the central government.C. American people enjoy building things for their homes just for fun.Passage fivePersonal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren’t necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she’d been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story.With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.E-mail is also an inexpensive way stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way o f staying in touch. They don’t take the place of any of the old ways.17.The purpose of this passage is to ________.18.A. explain how to use the InternetB. describe the writer’s joy of keeping up with the latest technologyC. tell the merits(价值) and usefulness of the InternetD. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet18. The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to ________.A. spend less time workingB. have more free time with his childC. work at home on weekendsD. work at a speed comfortable to him19. According to the writer, E-mail has an obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one ________.A. reach a group of people at one time convenientlyB. keep one’s communication as perso nal as possibleC. pass on much more information than the laterD. get in touch with one’s friends faster than the later20.The best title for this passage is ________.21.A. Computer: New Technological AdvancesB. Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good FriendshipC. Computers Have Made Life EasierD. Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication1.C2.A3.B4.A5.D6.D7.D8.C9.B 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.D。
2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读
2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读院/系_________________姓名_________________班级_________________学号_________________DirectionRead the following passage.While you’re reading,please pay special attention to the underlined or shaded words, phrases and sentences.You’ll be asked to explain them in English later after reading.The Price of PreferenceShelby Steele51015202530In a few short years,many blacks and a considerable number of whites would say that I was sanctimoniously(圣洁地) making affirmative action①into a test of character.They would say that this small preference is the meagerest recompense for centuries of unrelieved oppression.And to these arguments other very obvious facts must be added. In America,many marginally competent or flatly incompetent whites are hired every day—some because their white skin suits the conscious or unconscious racial preference of their employers.The white children of alumni are often grandfathered into elite universities inwhat can only be seen as a residual benefit of historic white privilege.Worse,white incompetence is always an individual matter,but for blacks it is often confirmation of ugly stereotypes.Given that unfairness cuts both ways, doesn’t it only balance the scales of history,doesn’t this repay,in a small way,the systematic denial under which my children’s grandfather lived out his days?In theory,affirmative action certainly has all the moral symmetry that fairness requires—the injustice of historical and even contemporary white advantage is offset (补偿)with black advantage;preference replaces prejudice,inclusion(1)answers exclusion.It is reformist and corrective,even repentant and redemptive (忏悔与救赎的).And I would never sneer at these good intentions.Born in the late forties in Chicago,I started my education(a charitable term in this case)in a segregated(种族隔离的)school and suffered all the indignities that come to blacks in a segregated society. My father,born in the South,made it only to the third grade before the white man’s fields took permanent priority(永久性优先)over his formal education.And though he educated himself into an advanced reader withan almost professorial authority,he could only drive a truck for a living,and never earned more than$90a week in his entire life.So yes,it is crucial to my sense of citizenship,to my ability to identify with the spirit and the interests of America,to know that this country, however imperfectly,recognizes its past sins and wishes to correct them.Yet good intentions can blind us to the effects they generate when implemented.In our society affirmative action is,among other things,a(2)testament to white goodwill and to black power,and in the midst of these heavy investments its effects can be hard to see.But after twenty years of implementation I think that affirmative action has shown itself to be more bad than good and that blacks—whom I will focus on in this essay—now stand to lose more from it than they gain.In talking with affirmative action administrators and with blacks and whites in general,I found that supporters of affirmative action focus on its good intentions while detractors(反对者)emphasize its negative effects. Proponents talk about“diversity”and“pluralism”; opponents speak of(3)“reverse discrimination”,theunfairness of quotas(指标)and set-asides(保留名额).[1] It was virtually impossible to find people outside either camp.The closest I came was a white male manager at a large computer①Affirmative action is the policy of favoring members ofa disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture.平权运动，扶持政策354045505560657075company who said,“I think it amounts to reverse discrimination,but I’ll put up with a little of that for a little more diversity.”I’ll live with a little of the effect to gain a little of the intention,he seemed to be saying.But this only makes him a halfhearted supporter of affirmative action.I think many people who don’t really like affirmative action support it to one degree or another anyway.I believe they do this because of what happened to white and black Americans in the crucible(坩埚)of the sixties, when whites were confronted with their racial guilt and blacks tasted their first real power.In that stormy time white absolution and black power coalesced into virtual mandates(命令)for society.Affirmative action became a meeting ground for those mandates in the law,and in thelate sixties and early seventies it underwent a remarkable escalation of its mission from simple anti-discrimination enforcement to(4)social engineering by means of quotas, goals,timetables,set-asides and other forms of preferential treatment.Legally,this was achieved through a series of executive orders and EEOC②guidelines that allowed racial imbalances in the workplace to stand as proof of racial discrimination.Once it could be assumed that discrimination explained racial imbalances,[2]it became easy to justify group remedies to presumed discrimination rather than the normal case-by-case redress for proven discrimination.Preferential treatment through quotas, goals,and so on is designed to correct imbalances based on the assumption that they always indicate discrimination. This expansion of what constitutes discrimination allowed affirmative action to escalate into the business of social engineering in the name of anti-discrimination,to push society toward statistically proportionate racial representation,without any obligation of proving actual discrimination.What accounted for this shift,I believe,was the whitemandate to achieve a new racial innocence and the black mandate to gain power.Even though blacks had made great advances during the sixties without quotas,these mandates, which(5)came to a head in the very late sixties,could no longer be satisfied by anything less than racial preferences.I don’t think these mandates in themselves were wrong,because whites clearly needed to do better by blacks and blacks needed more real power in society.But, as they came together in affirmative action,their effect was to distort(变形)our understanding of racial discrimination in a way that allowed us to offer the remediation of preference on the basis of mere color rather than actual injury.[3]By making black the color of preference,these mandates have reburdened society with the very marriage of color and preference(in reverse)that we set out to eradicate.The old sin is reaffirmed in a new guise.But the essential problems with this form of affirmative action is the way it leaps over the hard business of developing a formerly oppressed people to the point where they can achieve proportionate representation on their own (given equal opportunity)and goes straight for theproportionate representation,this may satisfy some whites of their innocence and some blacks of their power, but it does very little to truly uplift blacks.A white female affirmative action officer at an Ivy League university told me what many supporters of affirmative action now say:“We’re after diversity.We ideally want a student body where racial and ethnic groups are represented according to their proportion in society.”When affirmative action escalated into social engineering, diversity became a golden word.It grants whites an egalitarian fairness(innocence)and blacks an entitlement to proportionate representation (power).Diversity is a term that applies democratic principles to races and cultures rather than to citizens, despite the fact that there is nothing to indicate that real diversity is the same thing as proportionate representation.Too often the result of this,on campuses (for example)has been a democracy of colors rather than of people,an artificial diversity that gives the appearance of an educational parity between black and white students that has not yet been achieved in reality. Here again,racial preferences allow society to leapfrogover the difficult problem of developing blacks to parity with whites and into a cosmetic diversity that(6)covers the blemish of disparity—a full six years after admission, only26percent of blacks graduate from college.②Equal Employment Opportunity Commission均等就业机会委员会80859095100105110115120125Racial representation is not the same thing as racial development,yet affirmative action fosters a confusion of these very different needs.Representation can be manufactured;development is always hard-earned.[4] However,it is the music of innocence and power that we hear in affirmative action that causes us to cling to it and to its distracting emphasis on representation.The fact is that after twenty years of racial preferences the gap between white and black median income is greater than it was in the seventies.None of this is to say that blacks don’t need policies that insure our right to equal opportunity,but what we need more of is the development that will let us take advantage of society’s efforts to include us.I think one of the most troubling effects of racialpreferences for blacks is a kind of demoralization,or put another way,an enlargement of self-doubt.Under affirmative action,the quality that earns us preferential treatment is an implied inferiority.However this inferiority is explained—and it is easily enough explained by the myriad deprivations that grew out of our oppression—it is still inferiority.There are explanations,and then there is the fact.And the fact must be borne by the individual as a condition apart from the explanation,apart even from the fact that others like himself also bear this condition.In integrated situations in which blacks must compete with whites who may be better prepared,these explanations may quickly(7)wear thin and expose the individual to racial as well as personal self-doubt.All of this is compounded by the cultural myth of black inferiority that blacks have always lived with. What this means in practical terms is that[5]when blacks deliver themselves into integrated situations,they encounter a nasty little reflex in whites,a mindless, atavistic reflex that responds to the color black with alarm.Attributions may follow this alarm if the white cares to indulge them,and if they do,they will most likelybe negative—one such attribution is intellectual ineptness.I think this reflex and the attributions that may follow it embarrass most whites today,therefore,it is usually quickly repressed.Nevertheless,on an equally atavistic level,the black will be aware of the reflex his color triggers and will feel a(8)stab of horror at seeing himself reflected in this way.He,too,will do a quick repression,but a lifetime of such stabbings is what constitutes his inner realm of racial doubt.The effects of this may be a subject for another essay. The point here is that the implication of inferiority that racial preferences engender in both the white and black mind expands rather than contracts this doubt.Even when the black sees no implication of inferiority in racial preferences,he knows that whites do,so that—consciously or unconsciously—the result is virtually the same.The effect of preferential treatment—the lowering of normal standards to increase black representation—puts blacks at war with an expanded realm of debilitating doubt,so that the doubt itself becomes an unrecognized preoccupation that undermines their ability to perform, especially in integrated situations.On largely whitecampuses,blacks are five times more likely to drop out than whites.Preferential treatment,no matter how it is justified in the light of day,subjects blacks to a midnight of self-doubt,and so often transforms their advantage into a revolving door.Another liability of affirmative action comes from the fact that it indirectly encourages blacks to exploit their own past victimization as a source of power and privilege. Victimization,like implied inferiority,is what justifies preference,so that to receive the benefits of preferential treatment one must,to some extent,become (9)invested in the view of one’s self as a victim.In this way,affirmative action nurtures a victim-focused identity in blacks.The obvious irony here is that we have become inadvertently invested in the very condition we are trying to overcome.[6]Racial preferences send us the message that there is more power in our past suffering than in our present achievements—none of which could bring us a preference over others.When power itself grows out of suffering,blacks are encouraged to expand the boundaries of what qualifies as racial oppression,a situation that can lead us to paintour victimization in vivid colors,even as we receive the benefits of preference.The same corporations and institutions that give us preference are also seen as our oppressors.At Stanford University,minority students—some of whom enjoy as much as$15,000a year in financial aid—recently took over the president’s office demanding, among other things,more financial aid.The power to be found in victimization,like any power,is intoxicating and130135140145150155160165170175can lend itself to the creation of a new class of super-victims who can feel the pea of victimization under twenty mattresses.[7] Preferential treatment rewards us for being underdogs rather than for moving beyond that status—a misplacement of incentives that,along with its deepening of our doubt, is more a yoke than a spur.But,I think,one of the worst prices that blacks pay for preference has to do with an illusion.I saw this illusion at work recently in the mother of a middle-class black student who was going off to his first semester of college.“They owe us this,so don’t think for a minute that you don’t belong there.”This is the logic by which many blacks,and some whites,justify affirmative action—it is something“owed,”a form of reparation.But this logic overlooks a much harder and less digestible reality,that it is impossible to repay blacks living today for the historic suffering of the race.If all blacks were given a million dollars tomorrow it would not amount to a dime on the dollar for three centuries of oppression,nor would it dissolve the residues of that oppression that we still carry today.The concept of historic reparation grows out of man’s need to impose on the world a degree of justice that simply does not exist.Suffering can be endured and overcome,it cannot be repaid.Blacks cannot be repaid for the injustice done to the race,but we can be corrupted by society’s guilty gestures of repayment.Affirmative action is such a gesture.It tells us that racial preferences can do for us what we cannot do for ourselves.The corruption here is in the hidden incentive not to do what we believe preferences will do.This is an incentive to be reliant on others just as we are struggling for self-reliance.And it keeps alive the illusion that we can find some deliverance in repayment.[8]The hardest thing for any sufferer to accept is that his sufferingexcuses him from very little and never has enough currency to restore him.To think otherwise is to prolong the suffering.Several blacks I spoke with said they were still in favor of affirmative action because of the“subtle”discrimination blacks were subject to once on the job.One photojournalist said,“They have ways of ignoring you.”A black female television producer said,“You can’t file a lawsuit when your boss doesn’t invite you to the insider meetings without ruining your career.So we still need affirmative action.”Others mentioned the infamous “glass ceiling”through which blacks can see the top positions of authority but never reach them.But I don’t think racial preferences are a protection against this subtle discrimination;I think they contribute to it.In any workplace,racial preferences will always create two-tiered populations composed of preferreds and unpreferreds.This division makes automatic a perception of enhanced competence for the unpreferreds and of questionable competence for the preferreds—the former earned his way,even though others were given preference,while the latter made it by color as much as by preference. Racial preferences implicitly mark whites with an exaggerated superiority just as they mark blacks with an exaggerated inferiority.They not only reinforce America’s oldest racial myth but,for blacks,they have the effect of stigmatizing the already stigmatized.I think that much of the“subtle”discrimination that blacks talk about is often(not always)discrimination against the stigma of questionable competence that affirmative action delivers to blacks.In this sense, preferences scapegoat the very people they seek to help. And it may be that at a certain level employers impose a glass ceiling,but this may not be against the race so much as against the race’s reputation for having advanced by color as much as by competence.Affirmative action makes a glass ceiling virtually necessary as a protection against the corruptions of preferential treatment.This ceiling is the point at which corporations shift the emphasis from color to competency and stop playing the affirmative action game.Here preference backfires for blacks and becomes a taint that holds them back.Of course, one could argue that this taint,which is,after all,inthe minds of whites,becomes nothing more than an excuse to discriminate against blacks.And certainly the result is the same in either case—blacks don’t get past the glass ceiling.But this argument does not get around the fact that racial preferences now taint this color with a new theme of suspicion that makes blacks even more vulnerable to discrimination.In this crucial yet gray area of perceived competence,preferences make whites look better than they are and blacks worse,while doing nothing whatever to stop the very real discrimination 180185190195200205210215220that blacks may encounter.I don’t wish to justify the glass ceiling here,but only to suggest the very subtle ways that affirmative action revives rather than extinguishes the old rationalizations for racial discrimination.In education,a revolving door;in employment,a glass ceiling.I believe affirmative action is problematic in our society because it tries to function like a social program.Rather than ask it to ensure equal opportunity we have demanded that it create parity between the races.But preferential treatment does not teach skills,or educate,or instillmotivation.It only passes out entitlement by color,a situation that in my profession has created an unrealistically high demand for black professors.The social engineer’s assumption is that this high demand will inspire more blacks to earn Ph.D.’s and join the profession. In fact,the number of blacks earning Ph.D.’s has declined in recent years.A Ph.D.must be developed from preschool on.He requires family and community support.He must acquire an entire system of values that enables him to work hard while delaying gratification.There are social programs,I believe,that can(and should)help blacks develop in all these areas,but entitlement by color is not a social program;it is a dubious reward for being black.It now seems clear that the Supreme Court,in a series of recent decisions,is moving away from racial preferences. It has disallowed preferences except in instances of “identified discrimination,”eroded the precedent that statistical racial imbalances are prima facie(乍一看上去的)evidence of discrimination,and,in effect,granted white males the right to challenge consent degrees that use preference to achieve racial balances in the workplace.One civil rights leader said,“Night has fallen on civil rights.”But I am not so sure.The effect of these decisions is to protect the constitutional rights of everyone,rather than to take rights away from blacks.What they do take away from blacks is the special entitlement to more rights than others that preferences must always grant.Night has fallen on racial preferences,not on the fundamental rights of black Americans.The reason for this shift,I believe,is that the white mandate for absolution from past racial sins has weakened considerably in the eighties.Whites are now less willing to endure unfairness to themselves in order to grant special entitlements to blacks,even when those entitlements are justified in the name of past suffering.Yet the black mandate for more power in society has remained unchanged.And I think part of the anxiety many blacks feel over these decisions has to do with the loss of black power that they may signal. We had won a certain specialness and now we are losing it. But the power we’ve lost by these decisions is really only the power that grows out of our victimization—the power to claim special entitlements under the law because of past oppression.This is not a very substantial or reliablepower,and it is important that we know this so we can focus more exclusively on the kind of development that will bring enduring power.There is talk now that Congress may pass new legislation to compensate for these new limits on affirmative action.If this happens,I hope the focus will be on development and anti-discrimination,rather than entitlement,on achieving racial parity rather than(10) jerry-building racial diversity.I would also like to see affirmative action go back to its original purpose of enforcing equal opportunity—a purpose that in itself disallows racial preferences.We cannot be sure that the discriminatory impulse in America has yet been ashamed into extinction,and I believe affirmative action can make its greatest contribution by providing a rigorous vigilance in this area.I can guard constitutional rather than racial rights,and help institutions evolve standards of merit and selection that are appropriate to the institution’s needs yet as free of racial bias as possible(again,with the understanding that racial imbalances are not always an indication of racial bias).One of the more important things affirmative action can do is to define exactly what racialdiscrimination is and how it might manifest itself within a specific institution.The impulse to discriminate is subtle and cannot be ferretted out unless its guises are made clear to people.Along with this there should be monitoring of institutions and heavy sanctions brought to bear when actual discrimination is found.This is the sort of affirmative action that America owes to blacks and itself.It goes after the evil of discrimination itself, while preferences only sidestep the evil and grant entitlement to its presumed victims.225230The mandates of black power and white absolution out of which preferences emerged were not wrong in themselves. What was wrong was that both races focused more on the goals of those mandates than on the means to the goals.Blacks can have no real power without taking responsibility for their own educational and economic development.Whites can have no racial innocence without earning it by eradicating discrimination and helping the disadvantaged to develop. Because we ignored the means,the goals have not been reached,and the real work remains to be done. Questions are on the answer sheet.Write your answer onthe answer sheet.2017—2018学年度第一学期期末考试学术英语阅读院/系_________________姓名_________________班级_________________学号_________________Volcabulary Study(24%)Direction Choose eight words from the given options,and explain in English the meaning of the underlined words of phrases.(1)answers(L.11)(2)testament(L.22)(3)“reverse discrimination”(L.28)(4)social engineering(L.40) (5)came to a head(L.53)(6)covers the blemish of disparity(L.76)(7)wear thin(L.93)(8)stab of horror (L.101)(9)invested(L.116)(10)jerry-building racial diversity(L.211)() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________()______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________() ______________________________________________________ ______________________________ 1.Paraphrase(36%) Direction Choose six sentences from the given options,and rewrite the sentences in English,in your own word. [1]It was virtually impossible to find people outside either camp.The closest I came was a white male manager at a large computer...(L.29)[2]...it became easy to justify group remedies to presumed discrimination rather than the normal case-by-case redress for proven discrimination.(L.44) [3]By making black the color of preference,these mandates have reburdened society with the very marriage of color and preference(in reverse)that we set out to eradicate. (L.58)[4]However,it is the music of innocence and power that we hear in affirmative action that causes us to cling to it and to its distracting emphasis on representation.(L.80)[5]...when blacks deliver themselves into integrated situations,they encounter a nasty little reflex in whites, a mindless,atavistic reflex that responds to the color black with alarm.(L.95)[6]Racial preferences send us the message that there is more power in our past suffering than in our present achievements...(L.118)[7]Preferential treatment rewards us for being underdogs rather than for moving beyond that status—a misplacement of incentives that,along with its deepening of our doubt, is more a yoke than a spur.(L.128)[8]The hardest thing for any sufferer to accept is that his suffering excuses him from very little and never has enough currency to restore him.(L.145)()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________()____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 2.Essay Question (40%)DirectionsPlease answer in English the following two groups of questions.For each group of question,write an short essay in about130-150words.(1)Why does the author say“But the essential problems with this form of affirmative action is the way it leaps over the hard business of developing a formerly oppressed people to the point where they can achieve proportionate representation on their own(given equal opportunity)and goes straight for the proportionate representation,this may satisfy some whites of their innocence and some blacks。
大学生英语阅读理解练习及答案
Henry was an office worker in a big city.Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spen d a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm.I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll m ake a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.” He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.But four days later, he returned home.“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?”“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”“Oh. What?”“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”“What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”“Lucky you!”“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn't dare (敢) stay for dinner!”1.How did Henry find out about the farm?A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement.B. His best friend told him.C. He wrote to the farmer.D. Maybe he learned it from the radio.2. Henry came back home several days later because ________.A. he didn't like the country life at allB. the farmer wasn’t friendly to himC. his holiday was overD. he thought he might have to eat the farmer3. “…and you are complaining!”, the word“complain” means ______.A.夸奖B.解释C.抱怨D.故弄玄虚4.Which of the following sentences is true?A. Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.B. Henry thought he could enjoy a change.C. Henry couldn't think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.D. The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.5.Which is the best title for the passage?A. What a beautiful farm!B. Have a good time.C.A short holidayD. Henry and the farmer.ADCBCA farmer had a cow.A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet.“What’s the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived.“My cow’s ill,” the farmer said. “I don’t know what's the matter with her. She’s lying down and won’t eat. She’s making a strange noise.”The vet looked over the cow. "She’s certainly ill," he said, "and she needs to take some very strong medicine."He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better."“How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked.The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That’ll make it."The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried.“How’s your cow?” the vet asked.“No change,” the farmer said, “and I’m feeling very strange myself.”“Oh?” the vet said, "Why?"“I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow’smouth and then put two pills down it.”“And?” the vet asked.“The cow blew first,” the farmer said.1. In the story, the vet must be _________.A. the farmer's friendB. a milk factoryC. a hospital for cowsD. a doctor for animals2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______A. couldn't lie downB. didn't eat the pillsC. couldn't make any noiseD. was ill3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer?A. Bottle of pills.B. A long tube.C. Two pills.D. A small box.4.The vet taught the farmer how _________.A. to blow the tubeB. to make the cow take the pillsC. to take the medicineD. to put the tube in his mouth5.Which of the following is true?A. The farmer ate the pills himself.B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.C. The vet came to help the farmer change the cow the next day.D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.DDCBAFei Xiang, whose English name is Kris phillips, is a Chinese American. He is nearly two meters tall, with blue eyes, looking like an Asian. Though he was born in Taiwan, he grew up speaking Chinese to his mother and English to his father and students at Stanford University in California. Later he returned from abroad to Taiwan and become a singer.In 1986, Fei Xiang visited the mainland（中国大陆）and turned into a pop star there. He was well know among the young people and his songs were widely accepted, such as “Five in the Winter”, “Clouds of My Homeland”and so on.He left the mainland for New York four years later. There he worked as a lowly member. He lived a quiet life in New York, for only a few people know his name. Now phillips is panning to end his six—year stay in the USA and return to the mainland and his recording career（生涯）. His new project is to introduce （介绍）the mainland to the music of the Broadway stage（白老汇戏剧艺术）, including（包括）the song “Maria” from “West Side Story”.1. Kris phillip’s mother is _________and his father is________.A. Chinese, AmericanB. Chinese, ChineseC. American, ChineseD. English, American2 .Mr Kris phillips became famous as big pop star________.A. in the United StaresB. in the place where he was bornC. in the mainlandD. at Stanford University3. What’s the order in which phillips did the following things?a.made a decision to return to PRC(中国)b.learned Chinese from his mother and English from his fatherc.was widely welcomed by the young peopled.worked as a lowly memberA. b e c d aB. e b d c aC. d e b a cD. c a b e d4. Fei Xiang is best known China for_______.A.his plan to interoduce the mainland to the music of Broad way stageB.“West side story”C. his perfoemace(演出)D. his special nationlity(国籍)5. Which of the following is true?A.Fei Xiang’s parents are both teachers.B. Fei Xiang lived in the mainland for four years.C. Fei Xing is regarded as a big pop star both in America and China.D. Fei Xiang returned to the mainland in 1896.KEY: DBACBWhen you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend fornew clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(销售).There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say "dry clan only." Washing may ruin(损坏)this coat. If you do as the directions(说明)say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核实)to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身)better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _____.A. don't fit youB. don't last longC. need to be dry cleanedD. can be washed2.The label inside the clothes tell you______.A. how to keep them looking their bestB. how to save moneyC. whether they fit you or notD. where to get them dry cleaned3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is ______.A. to look for well-made clothesB. to see how much money you can payC. to know how to wash themD. to read the labels inside them4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes ______.A. are always worse madeB. must be dry cleanedC. can not be washedD. can sometimes fit you better5.The best title(标题) for the reading should be ______.A. Buying Less Expensive ClothesB. Taking Enough Money When ShoppingC. Being a Clever Clothes ShopperD. Choosing the Labels inside New ClothesKey: D A B D COne day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted was still bravely doing her best when a dove saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life.1. The ant could not reach the side though _______.A. she cried for helpB. she asked the dove to save herC. she tried very hardD. she could smell well2. The dove saved the ant because _______.A. she was the ant's friendB. she took pity on the poor antC. the ant was almost exhaustedD. the ant had been struggled in the water for a long time3. The ant succeeded in getting on the bank with the help of _______.A. a leafB. a piece of woodC. a blade of grassD. a raft4. Just as the man shot at the dove, _______.A. the dove immediately flew awayB. the dove hid himself in the grassC. the ant told the dove to leave at onceD. he felt something biting him in the foot5. In writing the story, the writer wants to show _______.A. how clever the ant wasB. how kind the dove wasC. how the ant and the dove helped each otherD. we often need help from others, therefore we should help others as much as we can词汇扩展① desperate adj. 拼死的② exhausted adj. 精疲力竭的③ dove n. 鸽子④ blade n. 叶片Key: CBCDD。
学术英语测试题及答案
学术英语测试题及答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. FactD. Idea2. The term "collaborate" means:A. To work togetherB. To compete againstC. To opposeD. To ignore3. "Innovative" is an adjective that describes:A. Something old-fashionedB. Something traditionalC. Something new and originalD. Something unoriginal4. The phrase "to scrutinize" is synonymous with:A. To praiseB. To examine closelyC. To ignoreD. To criticize5. "Ethical" is a term that refers to:A. Moral principlesB. Scientific principlesC. Aesthetic principlesD. Economic principles6. "Diverse" is used to describe something that is:A. UniformB. SimilarC. DifferentD. Identical7. The word "hypothesis" is related to:A. A proven theoryB. A testable propositionC. A final conclusionD. An untestable idea8. "Catalyst" in a scientific context refers to:A. A substance that speeds up a reactionB. A substance that slows down a reactionC. A reaction itselfD. A product of a reaction9. "Paradigm" in an academic context usually refers to:A. A standardB. A modelC. A theoryD. A hypothesis10. "Synthesize" means to:A. Combine different ideas or elementsB. Separate into individual componentsC. Analyze in detailD. Ignore completely答案：1-5 B A C B A6-10 C B A A A二、阅读理解题（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下短文，回答下列问题。
《学术英语阅读》答案
《学术英语阅读》答案阅读理解：1. What is the purpose of academic reading according to the passage?2. How can you tell if a source is reliable or not?3. According to the passage, why is it important to take breaks during studying?4. What are some strategies you can use to improve your academic reading skills?5. According to the article, what is the most effective way to remember information?答案：1. The purpose of academic reading is to learn about new ideas, theories, and research in a specific field.2. You can tell if a source is reliable by checking its author, publication date, and references.3. It is important to take breaks during studying to avoid burnout and enhance learning.4. Strategies to improve academic reading skills include active reading, previewing text, and taking notes.5. The most effective way to remember information is to actively engage with the material by asking questions and summarizing key points.单选题：1. Reading academic articles can help you to __________.a. improve your writing skillsb. gain knowledge in a specific fieldc. memorize information quickly2. Which of the following is NOT a reliable source for academic research?a. An article published in a reputable academic journalb. A personal blog written by someone with expertise in a specific fieldc. A book written by a well-known scholar3. According to the passage, what is an effective way to reduce distractibility while studying?a. Listening to musicb. Turning off your phonec. Drinking coffee4. Which of the following is an example of active reading?a. Skimming a text quicklyb. Highlighting important informationc. Reading while watching TV5. Previewing a text before reading involves __________.a. reading the entire text from start to finishb. looking for key words and phrasesc. summarizing the main points答案：1. B2. B3. B4. B5. B完形填空：When it comes to academic reading, there are many __1__ you can use to improve your skills. One of the most effective strategies is active reading, which __2__ engaging with the text by asking questions, summarizing key points, and making connections to your own experiences. __3__, previewing a textbefore reading can help you to gain an __4__ of what it is about, which can make the actual reading process easier. Another strategy for improving your academic reading skillsis to take __5__ while you read. This can involve underlining important information, making notes in the margins, or __6__ a summary of the key points after each section. If you __7__ new vocabulary or concepts, it may be helpful to look them up __8__ and make note of their definitions.Finally, it is important to __9__ breaks while studying to avoid burnout and enhance learning. Research has shown that taking short breaks every hour or so can __10__ your productivity and focus.1. a. strategies2. b. involves3. c. Additionally4. a. understanding5. d. notes6. b. writing7. c. encounter8. b. immediately9. d. take10. a. increase答案：1. A2. B3. C4. A5. D6. B7. C8. B9. D10. A听力理解：1. What is the topic of the lecture?2. According to the professor, what are some effective strategies for improving academic reading skills?3. According to the speaker, what are some characteristics ofa reliable source for academic research?4. What does the professor recommend for reducing distractibility while studying?5. What is the main conclusion of the lecture?答案：1. Strategies for improving academic reading skills.2. Active reading, previewing text, and taking notes.3. A reliable source for academic research should be written by experts in the field and be recent and reputable.4. Turning off your phone or finding a quiet place to study can reduce distractibility.5. The main conclusion of the lecture is that by applying different strategies for academic reading, students will be able to improve their ability to gain knowledge in a specific field.作文:请写一篇作文，提供至少三种你所使用的有效的英语阅读策略，并举例说明如何使用他们来改善你的阅读技能。
学术英语习题标准答案
Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从……到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。
通用学术英语考试试卷
通用学术英语考试试卷一、听力理解（共20分）本部分包含四个小节，每小节后有5个问题，共20个问题。
请仔细听录音，并根据所听内容选择正确答案。
Section A1. What is the woman going to do this afternoon?A. Go shoppingB. Visit a friendC. Attend a meeting2. Why did the man change his job?A. He wanted a higher salary.B. He was not satisfied with his previous job.C. He wanted to work closer to home....20. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The history of photography.B. The impact of technology on art.C. The role of photography in modern society.二、阅读理解（共30分）本部分包含三篇文章，每篇文章后有5个问题，共15个问题。
请仔细阅读文章，并根据文章内容选择正确答案。
Passage 1[文章内容]1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced diet.B. The benefits of regular exercise.C. The relationship between diet and health.2. According to the passage, which of the following is not a healthy eating habit?A. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables.B. Consuming a lot of processed foods.C. Drinking plenty of water....15. What can be inferred from the passage about the author's opinion on the subject?A. The author is skeptical about the effectiveness of the new policy.B. The author strongly supports the new policy.C. The author is neutral and presents both sides of the argument.Passage 2[文章内容]16. What is the purpose of the article?A. To inform readers about a new scientific discovery.B. To persuade readers to adopt a certain lifestyle.C. To entertain readers with a fictional story....Passage 3[文章内容]26. What is the author's main argument in this passage?A. The need for more government funding for education.B. The importance of early childhood education.C. The impact of technology on education....三、词汇与语法（共20分）本部分包含20个问题，每题1分。
学术英语阅读期末考试题型
学术英语阅读期末考试题型学术英语阅读期末考试题型Part One: Word Study 30%Section 1: Context Clues 10％（每题1分，共10分）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten underlined words. Use the context provided to determine the meanings of those words. You are required to match the word with its meaning given in a table following the passage. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please write down the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the choices in the table more than once. Section 2: Stems and Affixes 10％（每题1分，共10分）Directions: In the left column is a list of words containing stems and affixes. Please find their corresponding definitions in the right column. Match the words with their definitions. Put the letter of the appropriate definition on the line after the corresponding number.Section 3: Word Analysis 10％（每题1分，共10分）Directions: Read the following sentences carefully. Using context clues and what you know about word parts, select a synonym, description or the best definition of the underlined word from the four given answers.Please write down the corresponding letter for each sentence on Answer Sheet.Part Two: Sentence Study 12%(每题2分，共12分)Directions: Read the following sentences carefully. Select the best answer to the question after each sentence. Please write down the corresponding letter for each question on Answer Sheet.Part Three: Passage Reading 40% （每题2分，共40分）(One passage, approximately 1000 words. 20 questions.)Part Four: Non-prose Reading 18% （每题3分，共18分）与课本相关内容：Part One –Section 1: 段落节选自课文或课后相关的V ocabulary from Context练习。
学术英语阅读练习题
学术英语阅读练习题### Academic English Reading Comprehension ExerciseIntroduction:In the digital age, social media has become an integral partof our daily lives, especially for adolescents. With the rise of platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok, the way young people interact and communicate has fundamentally changed. However, the impact of social media on the mental health of adolescents is a topic of growing concern among researchers, educators, and parents.Body:Paragraph 1: The Ubiquity of Social MediaSocial media platforms are designed to be addictive, with features like notifications, likes, and shares that encourage users to spend more time online. Adolescents, with their developing brains, are particularly susceptible to the allure of these platforms. The constant need for validation and the fear of missing out (FOMO) can lead to excessive screen time and a negative impact on mental health.Paragraph 2: The Role of Social ComparisonOne of the most significant issues associated with social media is the phenomenon of social comparison. Adolescentsoften compare their lives to the curated highlights of others,which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. This constant comparison can exacerbate existing mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.Paragraph 3: Cyberbullying and Its ConsequencesCyberbullying is another critical concern in the context of social media. The anonymity and distance provided by online platforms can embolden individuals to engage in bullying behavior, which can have severe and long-lasting effects on the mental health of the victims. The impact of cyberbullying can include increased feelings of loneliness, depression, and even suicidal ideation.Paragraph 4: The Positive Aspects of Social MediaDespite the negative impacts, social media also offers several benefits to adolescents. It can be a platform forself-expression, a tool for learning, and a way to stay connected with friends and family. For some, social media can also be a source of support and community, particularly for those who may feel isolated or marginalized in their offline lives.Paragraph 5: Strategies for Mitigating the Negative Effects To minimize the adverse effects of social media on adolescent mental health, several strategies can be employed. These include setting time limits for screen time, promotingdigital literacy, and encouraging open conversations about the impact of social media. Parents, educators, and policymakers all have a role to play in fostering a healthy relationship with technology.Conclusion:The relationship between social media and adolescent mental health is complex and multifaceted. While social media can provide a wealth of opportunities for connection and learning, it also poses significant risks. It is essential for all stakeholders to be aware of these risks and to work togetherto create a safer and more supportive online environment for young people.Questions for Comprehension:1. What is one of the main reasons for the addictive natureof social media platforms?2. How does social comparison on social media affect adolescents' mental health?3. What are some of the negative consequences of cyberbullying?4. Despite the risks, what are some positive aspects ofsocial media for adolescents?5. What strategies can be used to mitigate the negativeeffects of social media on adolescent mental health?Please answer the questions in complete sentences and provide evidence from the text to support your answers.。
学术英语阅读答案material diversity
学术英语阅读答案material diversity1、Mom, I need you ______ me a pencil box.（）[单选题] *A. buyB. buyingC. to buy(正确答案)D. to buying2、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy3、There is a bank ______ the street. [单选题] *A. on the end ofB. in the end ofC. at the end of(正确答案)D. by the end of4、Could you tell me _____ to fly from Chicago to New York? [单选题] *A.it costs how muchB. how much does it costC. how much costs itD.how much it costs(正确答案)5、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)6、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for7、Then the speaker _____the various factors leading to the economic crisis. [单选题] *A.went onB.went afterC.went into(正确答案)D.went for8、This species has nearly （）because its habitat is being destroyed. [单选题] *A. used upB. died out(正确答案)C. gone upD. got rid of9、29．______ my free time, I like listening to music. [单选题] *A．AtB．OnC．In(正确答案)D．About10、Bill Gates is often thought to be the richest man in the world. _____, his personal life seems not luxury. [单选题] *A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. However(正确答案)D. Besides11、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one12、She _______ be here. [单选题] *A. is gladB. is so glad to(正确答案)C. am gladD. is to13、Is there ____ for one more in the car? [单选题] *A. seatB. situationC. positionD. room(正确答案)14、Turn down the music. It hurts my _______. [单选题] *A. noseB. eyesC. mouthD. ears(正确答案)15、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed16、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read17、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well18、19．_______ will the film Country Road last? [单选题] *A．How farB．How oftenC．How soonD．How long(正确答案)19、____ father is a worker. [单选题] *A.Mike's and Mary'sB. Mike and Mary's(正确答案)C. Mike's and MaryD. Mike and Marys'20、The famous writer, _____ writings for China Daily I appreciate a lot , is invited to give a speech in our university. [单选题] *A. thatB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. who21、I have a _____ every day to keep fit. [单选题] *A. three thousand meter walkB. three-thousands-meters walkC.three-thousand-meters walkD. three-thousand-meter walk(正确答案)22、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will23、_____ is not known yet. [单选题] *A. Although he is serious about itB. No matter how we will do the taskC. Whether we will go outing or not(正确答案)D. Unless they come to see us24、( ) What other books have you read___ this English novel? [单选题] *A. besides(正确答案)B. exceptC.inD. about25、My English teacher has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. storiesB. suggestions(正确答案)C. messagesD. practice26、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地27、Jim, we have _______ important to tell you right now . [单选题] *A. someB. something(正确答案)C. anyD. anything28、He kept walking up and down, which was a sure（）that he was very worried. [单选题] *A. sign(正确答案)B. characterC. natureD. end29、The Internet is an important means of（）[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language30、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read。
学术英语阅读考试试题
学术英语阅读考试试题学术英语阅读考试试题是许多学生备战留学考试时的必修课程之一。
这类考试旨在测试学生对英语学术文献的理解和分析能力。
在这篇文章中，我将探讨学术英语阅读考试试题的特点、解题技巧以及如何提高阅读能力。
学术英语阅读考试试题通常由一篇学术文章和相关问题组成。
这些问题涵盖了文章的主题、细节、观点、推理和逻辑等方面。
考生需要通过阅读理解文章内容，并在有限的时间内回答问题。
因此，对于考生来说，提高阅读速度和理解能力是至关重要的。
首先，要提高阅读速度，考生可以采取一些有效的策略。
例如，预览文章的标题、摘要和段落标题，以便对文章内容有一个大致的了解。
然后，快速浏览每个段落的第一句话和最后一句话，这些句子通常包含了段落的主题和结论。
最后，快速阅读每个段落的主要内容，注意关键词和关键句，以便更好地理解文章的结构和逻辑。
其次，要提高阅读理解能力，考生需要培养一些关键技巧。
首先是词汇理解能力。
考生应该学习并掌握一些常见的学术词汇，以便更好地理解文章的意思。
其次是理解句子结构和语法。
考生应该学会分析长难句的结构，理解各个部分之间的关系。
此外，考生还应该注意文章中的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比关系和转折关系等。
最后，考生应该学会提取关键信息，并进行逻辑推理和推断。
这些技巧都需要通过大量的练习和阅读来提高。
除了提高阅读速度和理解能力，考生还可以通过模拟考试和解析真题来提高应试能力。
模拟考试可以帮助考生熟悉考试的时间限制和题型，逐渐适应考试的紧张氛围。
解析真题可以帮助考生了解答题思路和解题技巧，找到自己的不足之处并加以改进。
此外，考生还可以参加一些学术英语阅读训练班或课程，通过系统的学习和指导来提高阅读能力。
最后，我想强调阅读的重要性。
阅读是学术研究和学习的基础，对于留学生来说更是必不可少的能力。
通过阅读，我们可以了解最新的学术研究成果，拓宽自己的知识面，提高自己的学术素养。
因此，无论是备战考试还是提高自己的学术水平，阅读都是必不可少的。