第一讲名词

第一讲名词（一）概念和分类：1．专有名词：如：China, the Great Wall2．普通名词：（分四种）：（1）个体名词：pen, doctor（2）集体名词：family, class（3）物质名词：water, paper（4）抽象名词：work, time（二）名词的数：构成复数名词的规则如下：1、pen----pens, coat----coats2、class----classes, box----boxes3、factory----factories4、days5、tomato----tomatoes, piano---pianos6、knife----knives, wolf---wolves注：man----men, child----children, sheep----sheep.例题1 paper是可数名词吗？一张纸怎么说？例题2 radio的复数形式是radioes吗？例题3 汉译英：（1）两个美国人（2）三个英国人（3）许多中国人例题4 I’ll tell you a good news这名话对吗？例题5 “玛丽的头发”和“教室的窗户”，这两个词组怎么译？例题 6 “今天的报纸”和“五分钟的步行”怎样用英语表示？练习I.在下列名词中哪些是不可数名词？foot, sheep, family, tea, wife, rice, zoo, piece, man, boot, fox, bread, enemy, horse, work, tomato, day, homework, ink, piano, valley, mountain, watch, thief, tooth, milk, air, cow, bus, meat, monkey, gas, rubbish, key, photo, blood, meeting, music, month, fishII. 写出下列名词的复数形式：1．jeep, cock, coat, hand, group2．valley, monkey, library, baby, country3．potato, tomato, hero, radio, photo4．leaf, life, thief, knife, shelf5．bus, glass, brush, pencil-box, watch6．foot, tooth, boot, child, policeman7．sheep, handkerchief, German, Japanese, FrenchmanIII. 将下列句子变为复数形式：1．This is a wolf.2．It’s an interesting story.3．Is there a piano in the room?4．That sheep is fat.5．What a nice child he is!6．What color is that coat?7．There is a fox under a tree.8．Whose bookshelf is this?9．Is that a sheep or a goat?10. It’s a beautiful city, isn’t it?IV．翻译下列词组：1．汤姆的父母亲 2. 学生们的书桌 3. 昨天的报纸4. 我叔叔的屋子5. 一张世界地图6.中国的首都7. 两杯茶8. 两双鞋子9.儿童节10.书的封面V.选择正确答案:1.How many desks and chairs _______there in yourclassroom? (is, are)2.I know ______ Russia. (a few, a little)3．How ______ is this jacket? (many, much)4．Who gave you some _______ yesterday evening?(advice, advices)5. I’m sorry, I have ______ ink in my pen.(little, few)6.English ______ not easy for me to learn.(are, is)7.We have made quite ______ American friends. (a little, afew)8.He has just had ________. (two breads, two pieces ofbread)9.I don’t think physics ________ more difficult thanChinese.(are, is)10.There ________ a lot of rice in the bag.（is, are）11.There are ________ sheep in the field. (a little, a few)VI. 判断下列句子哪句是正确的:1.他们是德国人还是日本人?A.Are they Germen or Japanese?B.Are they Germans or Japanese?2.我有许多钱。

A.I have a lot of money.B.I have a lot of moneys.3.你吃了几碗米饭？A.How many bowls of rice have you had?B.How many bowl of rice have you had? 4.他有许多工作要做。

A.He has a lot of works to do.B.He has a lot of work to do.5.他说他妈妈给他买了一副眼镜。

A.He said his mother had bought him a glasses.B.He said his mother had bought him a pair of glasses.6.那些是医生们的座位。

A.Those are the doctors’s seat s.B.Those are the doctors’ seats.7.在桌子上有些肉和鱼。

A.There are some fish and meat on the table.B.There is some fish and meat on the table.8.我们班的学生打算去颐和园。

A.Our class’s students are going to the Summer Palace.B.The students of our class are going to the Summer Palace.9.你读过列宁故事吗？A.Have you ever read the story of Lenin?B.Have you ever read Lenin’s story?10.这是件有趣的工作。

A.It’s interesting work.B.It’s an interesting work.Key:例题1 不是。

a sheet/piece of paper.例题2: 不是。

Radios.例题3: (1) two Americans (2) three Englishmen (3) many Chinese 例题4: 不对。

news是不可数名词，不与a连用。

例题5：Mary’s hair; the windows of the classroom.例题6: today’s newspaper；five minutes’ walk.Exercise I:可数名词有：foot, sheep, family, wife, zoo, piece, man, boot, fox, fishtomato, day, piano, valley, mountain, watch, thief, tooth, cow, bus, monkey, key, photo, month, enemy, horse。

不可数名词有：tea,rice,bread,work,homework,ink,meeting, music,meat,gas,rubbish,blood,milk, air。

Exercise II:1．jeeps, cocks, coats, hands, groups2．valleys, monkeys, libraries, babies, countries3．potatos, tomatoes, heroes, radios, photos4．leaves, lives, thieves, knives, shelves5．buses, glasses, brushes, pencil-boxes, watches6．feet, teeth, boots, children, policemen7. sheep, handkerchiefs, Germen, Japanese, Frenchmen Exercise III:1.These are wolves.2.They’re interesting stories.3.Are there pianos in the rooms?4.Those sheep are fat.5.What nice children they are!6.What colors sre those coats?7.There are some foxes under the trees.8.Whose book shelves are these?9.Are those sheep or goats?10. They’re beautiful cities, are n’t they?Exercise IV:1. Tom’s parents2. students’ desks3. yesterday’s newspaper4. my uncle’s room5. a map of the world6. the capital of China7. two cups of tea8. two pairs of shoes9. Children’s Day10. the cover of the bookExercise V:1. Are2. a little3. much4. advice5. little6. is7. a few8. two pieces of bread 9. is 10.is 11.a fewExercise VI:1. B2. A3. A4. B5. B6. B7. B8. B9. B 10. A。