初中英语句子中常见的隐藏否定

初中英语句子中常见的隐藏否定

时间：2009年04月24日作者：匿名来源：名师博客

初中英语中阅读材料中，有些句子没有含否定结构却表达了否定意义,这一情况通常被称为隐藏否定 (concealed negation)。熟悉了这些常见的隐藏否定句子结构会有利于英语初学者对英语句子的理解，从而更好地掌握英语内容。初中常见的隐藏否定结构有以下一些形式:

一.有一些词或短语可起到表达隐藏否定的效果。

1、anything but（决非,决不，一点也不），but后跟名词/代词/形容词，有强势否定之义。

My father likes anything but beef. (我父亲最不喜欢吃牛肉。)

The painting is anything but beautiful. (这幅画根本就算不上美。)

2、everywhere but 表示“决不在……”

He will work everywhere but in Shanghai. (他根本不愿意在上海工作。)

3、let alone“更不必说”

He can't ride a bicycle，let alone a motorbike. (他不会骑自行车,更别说摩托车了。)

4、句中用“the last、the least、the limit”等词组可表示强烈否定，意思是：“最不……”。例如：

She’s the last one that I want to see in the world. （她是我最不愿见的人。)

He speaks ill of me, and that's the limit. (他常说我的坏话，那真让人无法忍受。)

5、but for（要不是/倘若没有）后接名词或代词、but that（要不是/倘若没有）后面应跟从句，二者均表示虚拟的条件，谓语动词须用虚拟语气结构。

But for your help, I couldn't have succeeded.

But that you had helped me, I couldn't have succeeded.

要不是你的帮忙/如果没有你的帮忙，我是不会成功的。

二.有些连词也可以表达隐藏否定，比较常见的连词有unless、since、before等。

1、unless 引导的从句，意为“除非”, 相当于if...not... He never speaks unless he is spoken to.

＝He never speaks if he isn't spoken to. (如果别人不和他说话,他就不说话。)

2、since引导的状语从句中，若谓语动词为延续性动词且为一般过去式时，从句所表示的时间从动作终止或状态不再继续时算起,用否定翻译法翻译句子。

We've been out of touch since we lived together(自从我们不在一起住，就失去了联系。)

对比：It's 20 years since I graduated from Anhui Normal University。

（我从安徽师范大学毕业到现在已有20年时间了。）

3、before引导的状语从句也可以表达暗否定义

The audience had all left before the play finished. （戏剧还没有结束观众就已经走光了。）

Three months went by / on before XiaoWang knew it. (不知不觉中小王度过了三个月。)

三.有一些比较结构也可表达隐藏否定。

1、more...than...表同一人或事的不同性质或特征。

Zangfei is more brave than wise. (张飞有勇无谋。)

2、no+形容词/副词的比较级+than，对双方进行否定，意思为：并不比

Tom is no cleverer than his brother. （汤姆并不比他兄弟聪明．（一样笨/都不聪明．）

3、“less+形容词或副词原级+than”结构表示否定的对比。

The results left us less than satisfied. （结果让我们不太满意。）

4、用“still、much、even、a little”等表示否定程度。

She hasn't cleaned her own room, still less mine.

(她自己的房间都没有打扫，更不用说我的了。)

对比：We should thank him for his advice, still more for his financial help.

（我们应该感谢他的建议，更要感谢他的资金援助.)

▲still more用于肯定句, still less用于否定句。

四.某些固定的结构也可以表达隐藏否定。常见的有“too...to...”相当于so...that...can't或not...enough to...

1、It was too difficult for us to work out the problem.

注意对比：He is too glad to receive your letter. （他收到你的来信非常高兴。）

2、prefer ...to .../ prefer to do ...rather than do .../ would rather do…than do/ prefer doing rather than doing。宁愿…也不愿…

eg: ①They prefer to tire themselves out in work rather than sit doing nothing. (他们宁愿累死在工作中也不愿无所事事。)

② The Red Army soldier would rather die than give in.

（红军战士宁死不屈。）

五.某些情态动词跟动词完成式也可表否定意义, 常见的有:

should have done (本应做而没做）

need have done（本需要做而没做）

could have done(本能够做却没有做/可能已做过)

would like to have done (本愿意已做过而没做)等。

① I would like to have gone to your birthday party last night， but I had to do homework.

(昨天晚上我本来要参加你的生日晚会的，但因做家庭作业而没有去成。)

②Our team could have won the football game if it had not been because of the absence of Jack.(要是杰克不缺席，我们就能赢那场球赛。)（实际上我们队没有赢。）

③As his best friend，you should have help him out.