剑桥初级语法 整理笔记

现在时

3、现在进行时：I am doing

4、现在进行时的疑问式：Are you doing?

5、一般现在时：I do/work/like等

一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情：I like big cities. Always/never/often/usually/sometimes常与一般现在时连用：I never eat breakfast.

6、一般现在时的否定式：I don’t/he doesn’t + 动词原形

I don’t have a bath every day.

【every day 表每天，作状语; everyday 表每天的，形容词】

8、have/have got

（3）下列短语中，要用have

15、现在完成时

（1）have done

（2）just/already/yet

Just表“刚才”：we’ve just arrived.

Already表“已经”（在预料之前）：they’ve already arrived. （=before you expected）Yet表“直到现在”（用于否定句和疑问句中）：they haven’t arrived yet.

（3）现在完成时与ever（用于疑问句中）/never连用：Have you ever played golf？

（4）gone表“去而未归”：she has gone to China.

Been表“去而已归”：he has been to China.

（5）H ow long have you…?

25、what are you doing tomorrow?

I am doing something tomorrow 表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”

I am going to do something.同上（be going to 与will 的区别）

注意：用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等：The train arrives at 7.30.

27、will/shall

（1）I shall =I will、we shall=we will ：

I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.

在构成将来时的时候，不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she等非第一人称连用：

Tom will be late. (而不能Tom shall be late.)

（2）I’ll …表“提议或决定做某事”:I’ll phon e you tomorrow.

I think I’ll/I don’t think I’ll…表“决定做某事”：I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.

（3）Shall I…/Shall we…? 表“你认为…好吗？”

28、might=may

29、can/could：could为过去式

30、must/mustn’t/don’t need to

（1）表示过去时，用had to而不用must：We had to walk home last night.

（2）don’t need to = don’t have to

31、should

（1）I think…should/I don’t think….should/do you think…should?

（2）ought to =should

32、I have to

（1）表过去时，用had to

（2）表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时，must或have to都可以不是表个人看法时，只能用have to：

Eg: You can’t park your car here for nothing. You have to pay. （非个人看法）

I t’s a fantastic film. You must see it./You have to see it.

33、I used to/I didn’t used to/did you use to…？

41、反义疑问句

Have you?/are you?/don’t you? 表“对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”：

——I’ve bought a new car.

——Oh, have you?

记住：前否后肯，前肯后否

It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

That isn’t your car, is it?

42、too/either so am I/neither do I

（1）

（2）both+复数名词

44、疑问句

（1）is it…?/have you…?/do they…?why isn’t…?/why don’t…?

（2）who saw you?/who did you see?

（3）以特殊疑问词开头的句子，介词位于句尾：where are you from?

（4）what’s it like?/what are they like? 表询问某事物的情况——新旧、好坏、大小等（5）疑问词

52、不定式与-ing形式

动词+不定式

动词+-ing

动词+-ing或不定式

66、名词

在英语中，下列词语以复数出现：