岩土工程专业英语单词表
土木岩土工程专业术语英语词汇
土木工程工程地质岩土工程专业术语专业英语专业词汇岩层岩性lithology，人工堆积artificial accumulation，块石碎石土block and rubble，崩坡积avalanche slope accumulation，坡积slope accumulation，碎石土rubble，残坡积residual slope accumulation，坡洪积diluvial slope accumulation，砂卵砾石sand gravel，冰水堆积outwash accumulation，砂岩夹砾岩夹页岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate and shale，变质砂岩metamorphic sandstone，硅质板岩siliceous slate，千枚状板岩phyllitic slate，变质砾岩metamorphic conglomerate，砂岩夹砾岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate，地质构造geological structure，剪裂隙scisson，实测、推测平移断层actual measured and speculative strike-slip fault，实测、推测逆断层actual measured and speculative thrust fault，实测、推测正断层actual measured and speculative normal fault，不同纪系地层分界线formation boundary for different system，实测、推测同纪系地层分界线actual measured and speclative formationboundary for the same system ，岩性相变界线lithofacies change boundary，断层破碎带fractured zone of the fault，地貌及物理地质现象surface feature and geophysical phenomenon，阶地前缘（齿数代表阶地级数）front of the terrace(tooth number for terraceclass)，勘探及其他exploration and othera semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State HighwayOfficials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD) consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU) consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strength|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundationvibration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering|国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surface|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrinkage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interactionanalysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of building|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数zonal soil|区域性土一. 综合类geotechnical engineering岩土工程foundation engineering基础工程soil, earth土soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for totalstressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),asa pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State HighwayOfficials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of drivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile loadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singlepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interactionanalysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundationvibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验。
岩土工程专业英语词汇1
岩土工程专业英语词汇岩土工程专业英语词汇一. 综合类综合类 1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程岩土工程 2.foundation engineering 基础工程基础工程3.soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学土力学 cyclic loading 周期荷载周期荷载 unloading 卸载卸载 reloading 再加载再加载 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基粘弹性地基 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量剪切模量5.soil dynamics 土动力学土动力学6.stress path 应力路径应力路径二. 土的分类土的分类1.residual soil 残积土残积土 groundwater level 地下水位地下水位2.groundwater 地下水地下水groundwater table 地下水位地下水位 3.clay minerals 粘土矿物粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals 次生矿物次生矿物ndslides 滑坡滑坡 7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石漂石9.cobble 卵石卵石 10.gravel 砂石砂石 11.gravelly sand 砾砂砾砂 12.coarse sand 粗砂粗砂 13.medium sand 中砂中砂14.fine sand 细砂细砂 15.silty sand 粉土粉土 16.clayey soil 粘性土粘性土 17.clay 粘土粘土 18.silty clay 粉质粘土粉质粘土19.silt 粉土粉土 20.sandy silt 砂质粉土砂质粉土 22.saturated soil 饱和土饱和土 23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土填土 29.soft clay 软粘土软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭泥炭32.loess 黄土黄土 33.frozen soil 冻土冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质土的基本物理力学性质24.degree of saturation 饱和度饱和度 25.dry unit weight 干重度干重度 26.moist unit weight 湿重度湿重度27.saturated unit weight 饱和重度饱和重度 28.effective unit weight 有效重度有效重度 29.density 密度密度pactness 密实度密实度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度最大干密度32.optimum water content 最优含水量最优含水量 33.three phase diagram 三相图三相图34.tri-phase soil 三相土三相土 35.soil fraction 粒组粒组 36.sieve analysis 筛分筛分37.hydrometer analysis 比重计分析比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation 级配系数级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system 土的统一分类系统土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流渗透性和渗流1.Darcy ’s law 达西定律达西定律2.piping 管涌管涌3.flowing soil 流土流土4.sand boiling 砂沸砂沸5.flow net 流网流网6.seepage 渗透（流）渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性渗透性 10.seepage force 渗透力渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力有效应力4.total stress 总应力总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩再压缩 11.bearing capacity 承载力承载力 12.soil mass 土体土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load 集中荷载集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous 均质均质 17.isotropi 17.isotropic c 各向同性各向同性18.strip footing 条基条基 19.square spread footing 方形独立基础方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load 恒载恒载 持续荷载持续荷载22.live load 活载活载 23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载长期荷载 26.settlement 沉降沉降 27.deformation 变形变形 28.casing 套管套管 29.dike=dyke 堤（防）堤（防） 30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组粘粒粒组32.subgrade 路基路基 33.well-graded soil 级配良好土级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力正应力 36.shear stresses 剪应力剪应力 37.principal plane 主平面主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件库仑破坏条件42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数压缩系数pression index 压缩指数压缩指数 47.swelling index 回弹指数回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力自重应力 49.additional stress 附加应力附加应力 50.total stress 总应力总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降最终沉降 52.slip line 滑动线滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起（基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法降低地下水位法 9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point 深井点深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点真空井点 12 braced cuts 支撑围护支撑围护 13 braced excavation 支撑开挖支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础桩基础 1)cast –in-place 灌注桩灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩沉管灌注桩 bored pile 钻孔桩钻孔桩 piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩钻孔扩底墩3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩钢桩 steel pipe pile 钢管桩钢管桩 steel sheet pile 钢板桩钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）沉井（箱）3.diaphram wall 地下连续墙地下连续墙 截水墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身竖井；桩身 8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力单桩承载力 teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力单桩横向极限承载力13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩静力压桩 18.uplift pile 抗拔桩抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η） 22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度最后贯入度 27.pile head=butt 桩头桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距桩距 30.pile plan 桩位布置图桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻桩侧阻 35.pile cushion 桩垫桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩（振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验拔桩试验 38.pile shoe 桩靴桩靴 八. 地基处理--ground treatment2.cushion 垫层法垫层法3.preloading 预压法预压法4.dynamic compaction 强夯法强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method 振冲法振冲法7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩砂石桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 10.cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩水泥土搅拌桩 11.cement column 水泥桩水泥桩 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩石灰桩 13.jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法夯实水泥土桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization 化学加固法化学加固法 17.surface compaction 表层压实法表层压实法18.surcharge preloading 超载预压法超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading 真空预压法真空预压法21.geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物土工织物 posite foundation 复合地基复合地基23.reinforcement method 加筋法加筋法 24.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法降低地下水固结法26.expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基处理膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基处理山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理 29.artificial foundation 人工地基人工地基30.natural foundation 天然地基天然地基 31.pillow 褥垫褥垫 32.soft clay ground 软土地基软土地基 33.sand drain 砂井砂井 34.root pile 树根桩树根桩 35.plastic drain 塑料排水带塑料排水带九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi ’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论太沙基固结理论2.Barraon ’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论巴隆固结理论3.Biot ’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结主固结 10.secondary consolidation 次固结次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度固结度 15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力前期固结压力 17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强2.residual strength 残余强度残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力粘聚力 12.failure criterion 破坏准则破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型刚塑性模型 8.cap model 盖帽模型盖帽模型 9.work softening 加工软化加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化加工硬化 11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则莫尔－库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface 屈服面屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型文克尔地基模型 十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力静止土压力4.Coulomb ’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论库仑土压力理论5.Rankine ’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角休止角 3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数边坡稳定安全系数5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙锚定板挡土墙 8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙锚定板板桩墙 十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩木板桩5.timber piles 木桩木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础刚性基础 8.flexible foundation 柔性基础柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析 十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量动剪切模量 9.dynamic magnification factor 动力放大因素动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength 抗液化强度抗液化强度 11.dimensionless frequency 无量纲频率无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction 液化势评价液化势评价 13.stress wave in soils 土中应力波土中应力波14.dynamic settlement 振陷（动沉降）振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method 等效集总参数法等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method 动基床反力法动基床反力法3.vibration isolation 隔振隔振4.foundation vibration 基础振动基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 基础振动弹性半空间理论基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation 基础振动容许振幅基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation 基础自振频率基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD) paction test 击实试验击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验固结快剪试验 10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验慢剪试验 12.sieve analysis 筛分析筛分析 13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验土工模型试验 14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪直剪仪 16.direct shear test 直剪试验直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验直接单剪试验 18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪动单剪 20.free （resonance ）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验振柱试验 二十二. 原位测试原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test 原位试验原位试验。
岩土工程勘察专业英语词汇
序号名词（中文）名词（英文）1K0固结consolidation under K0 condition2K0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained test 3K0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test4阿太堡界限Atterberg limits5安息角（台）angle of repose6安息角（台）angle of repose7巴隆固结理论Barron's consolidation theory8板桩sheet pile9板桩结构sheet pile structure10板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts11饱和度degree of saturation12饱和密度saturated density13饱和土saturated soil14饱和重度saturated unit weight15杯形基础16贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile17被动土压力passive earth pressure18被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure 19本构模型constitutive model20比奥固结理论Biot's consolidation theory21比重specific gravity22比重试验specific gravity test23比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity24比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity25毕肖普法Bishop method26边界面模型boundary surface model27边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope28变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test29变形deformation30变形模量modulus of deformation31变质岩metamorphic rock32标准冻深standard frost penetration33标准贯入试验standard penetration test34表层压密法surface compaction35表面波试验surface wave test36冰川沉积glacial deposit37冰积层（台）glacial deposit38波的弥散特性dispersion of waves39波动方程分析Wave equation analysis40波速法wave velocity method41泊松比Poisson's ratio42补偿性基础compensated foundation43不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 44不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 45不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength46不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method 47布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq's solution48材料阻尼material damping49残积土eluvial soil, residual soil50残余变形residual deformation51残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure52残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction53残余强度residual strength54层理beding55层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model56长期强度long-term strength57长石feldspar58常规固结试验routine consolidation test59常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test60场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile61超弹性模型hyperelastic model62超固结比over-consolidation ratio63超固结土overconsolidated soil64超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure65超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure66超声波试验ultrasonic wave test67超载预压surcharge preloading68沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile69沉积岩sedimentary rock70沉降settlement71沉降比settlement ratio72沉井基础open-end caisson foundation73沉箱基础box caisson foundation74成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile75承台pile caps76承压水confined water77承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test78持力层bearing stratum79充盈系数fullness coefficient80充重塑土81冲剪破坏punching shear failure82冲填土dredger fill83稠度consistency84初始液化initial liquefaction85触变thixotropy86次层（台）substratum87次层（台）substratum88次固结secondary consolidation89次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement90次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation91次生矿物secondary mineral92次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin93达西定律Darcy's law94大地工程geotechnical engineering95袋装砂井sand wick96单独基础individual footing97单剪仪simple shear apparatus98单粒结构single-grained structure99单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation100单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test101单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test102单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile103单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile104单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile105单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile106单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 107单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 108单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 109挡土墙retaining wall110挡土墙排水设施111挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall112倒梁法inverted beam method113德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion114等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test115等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test116等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test117等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method118邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model119低桩承台low pile cap120地工织物geofabric, geotextile121地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil122地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 123地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil124地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment125地基固有周期natural period of soil site126地基固有周期natural period of soil site127地基固有周期natural period of soil site128地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil129地基稳定性stability of foundation soil130地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil131地下连续墙diaphgram wall132地下水groundwater133地震earthquake, seism, temblor134地震持续时间duration of earthquake135地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 136地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum137地震烈度earthquake intensity138地震震级earthquake magnitude139地震卓越周期seismic predominant period140地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake141地质年代geological age142地质图geological map143点承桩（台）end-bearing pile144电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting145电渗法electro-osmotic drainage146电渗法electro-osmotic drainage147顶升纠偏法148定喷directional jet grouting149动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method150动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils151动剪切强度152动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq153动力触探试验dynamic penetration test154动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula155动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor156动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor157动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor158动力性质dynamic properties of soils159动强度dynamic strength of soils160动强度dynamic strength of soils161冻土frozen soil, tjaele162冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement163端承桩end-bearing pile164短桩处理treatment with short pile165断层fault166断裂构造fracture structure167堆载预压法preloading168对数递减率logrithmic decrement169多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation170垛式挡土墙171法兰基灌注桩Franki pile172反分析法back analysis method173反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test174反压饱和法back pressure saturation method175非饱和土unsaturated soil176非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model177费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices178分层总和法layerwise summation method179分散性土dispersive soil180粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method181粉土silt, mo182粉质粘土silty clay183峰值强度peak strength184蜂窝结构honeycomb structure185伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter186扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall187负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure188负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile189附加应力superimposed stress190复合地基composite foundation191盖帽模型cap model192干密度dry density193干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile194干重度dry unit weight195刚塑性模型rigid plastic model196刚性基础rigid foundation197刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 198刚性系数coefficient of rigidity199钢板桩steel sheet pile200钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile201钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles 202钢桩steel pile203钢桩steel pile204高杯口基础205高岭石kaolinite206高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test207高压喷射注浆法jet grounting208高桩承台high-rise pile cap209割线模量secant modulus210割线模量secant modulus211隔振isolation212各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 213各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test214工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration215共振柱试验resonant column test216骨架波akeleton waves in soils217固结consolidation218固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test219固结沉降consolidation settlement220固结度degree of consolidation221固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test222固结理论theory of consolidation223固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test224固结曲线consolidation curve225固结试验consolidation test226固结速率rate of consolidation227固结系数coefficient of consolidation228固结压力consolidation pressure229管涌piping230管涌piping231灌浆材料injection material232灌浆法grouting233灌注桩cast-in-place pile234灌注桩cast-in-place pile235广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion236广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion237规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification238硅化法silicification239过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil240海积层（台）marine deposit241海相沉积marine deposit242含水量water content, moisture content243含水量试验water content test244汉森地基承载力公式Hansen's ultimate bearing capacity formula245夯实桩compacting pile246横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles247红粘土red clay, adamic earth248后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall249护壁泥浆slurry coat method250花岗岩granite251滑坡landslide252化石fossil253化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock254化学灌浆chemical grouting255环剪试验ring shear test256换填法cushion257黄土loess, huangtu(China)258黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test259灰土桩lime soil pile260回弹变形rebound deformation261回弹模量modulus of resilience262回弹曲线rebound curve263回弹系数coefficient of resilience264回弹指数swelling index265回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile266活性指数267击实试验268机挖异形灌注桩269基础工程foundation engineering270基础加压纠偏法271基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation272基础墙foundation wall273基础振动foundation vibration274基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 275基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 276基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation277基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction278基底附加应力net foundation pressure279基底隆起heave of base280基坑降水dewatering281基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit282基坑围护bracing of foundation pit283级配gradation, grading284极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium285极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium286集总参数法lumped parameter method287几何阻尼geometric damping288挤密灌浆compaction grouting289挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column290挤淤法displacement method291加工软化work softening292加工硬化work hardening293加工硬化定律strain harding law294加筋法reinforcement method295加筋土reinforced earth296加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead297加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio298减压井relief well299剪切应变速率shear strain rate300剪胀dilatation301碱液法soda solution grouting302建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building303剑桥模型Cambridge model304浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method305降低地下水位法dewatering method306降低地下水位法dewatering method307交叉条形基础cross strip footing308角点法corner-points method309阶地terrace310接触压力contact pressure311节理joint312结合水bound water, combined water, held water313解理cleavage314界限含水量Atterberg limits315界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test316浸润线phreatic line317井点系统well point system318井径比drain spacing ratio319井阻well resistance320静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)321静力触探试验static cone penetration test322静力压桩silent piling323静力载荷试验plate loading test324静止土压力earth pressue at rest325静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest326纠偏技术327局部剪切破坏local shear failure328喀斯特karst329卡萨格兰德法Casagrande's method330抗拔桩uplift pile331抗滑桩anti-slide pile332抗剪强度shear strength333抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter334抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength335抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength336抗液化强度liquefaction stress337柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model338颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test339颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 340壳体基础shell foundation341可塑性plasticity342坑式托换pit underpinning343孔隙比void ratio344孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil345孔隙率porosity346孔隙气压力pore air pressure347孔隙水压力pore water pressure348孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test 349孔隙压力系数A pore pressure parameter A350孔隙压力系数B pore pressure parameter B351库尔曼法Culmann method352库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction353库仑方程Coulomb's equation354库仑土压力理论Coulomb's earth pressure theory 355跨孔试验cross-hole test356块体共振试验block resonant test357快剪试验quick direct shear test358快速固结试验fast consolidation test359矿物硬度hardness of minerals360扩展基础spread footing361拉杆tie rod362拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model363拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion364朗肯土压力理论Rankine's earth pressure theory 365朗肯状态Rankine state366冷热处理法freezing and heating367离心模型试验centrifugal model test368理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model369砾岩conglomerate370粒度granularity, grainness, grainage371粒组fraction, size fraction372连续加荷固结试验continual loading test373临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient374临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model 375临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics376临塑荷载critical edge pressure377流变学模型rheological model378流动规则flow rule379流函数flow function380流滑flow slide381流土flowing soil382流网flow net383陆相沉积continental sedimentation384螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test385曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect386慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test387毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test388毛细管水capillary water389锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall390锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall391锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall392锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning393锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall394锚固技术anchoring395锚固技术anchoring396锚座Anchorage397梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof's ultimate bearing capacity formula 398蒙脱石montmorillonite399密度density400密度试验density test401密实度compactionness402明德林解Mindlin's solution403摩擦圆法friction circle method404摩擦桩friction pile405摩尔包线Mohr's envelope406摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory407摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion408摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method409木板桩wooden sheet pile410木桩timber piles411木桩timber piles412内摩擦角angle of internal friction413内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory414内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model415泥石流mud flow, debris flow416泥炭peat, bog muck417粘弹性模型viscoelastic model418粘聚力cohesion419粘土clay420粘土矿物421粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil422粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil423凝灰岩tuff424牛轭湖ox-bow lake425扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus426纽马克感应图Newmark chart427排水固结法consolidation428旁压试验pressurementer test429喷射井点eductor well point430膨胀率试验swelling rate test431膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil432膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment433劈裂灌浆fracture grouting434片筏基础mat foundation435平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter436平面应变仪plane strain apparatus437破坏准则failure criterion438破裂角angle of rupture439普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory440铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope441铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope442潜变（台）creep443潜水ground water444浅层处理shallow treatment445浅成岩hypabyssal rock446浅基础shallow foundation447欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil448嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock449强夯法dynamic compaction450墙下条形基础451切线模量tangent modulus452切线模量tangent modulus453侵入岩intrusive rock454轻便触探试验light sounding test455清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model456区域性土zonal soil457曲率系数coefficient of curvature458屈服面yield surface459取土器geotome460群桩pile groups461群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 462群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups463群桩效应efficiency of pile groups464热摩奇金法Zemochkin's method465人工地基artificial foundation466人工填土fill, artificial soil467容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure468柔性基础flexible foundation469蠕变creep470褥垫pillow471软土地基soft clay ground472软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle473瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method474三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram475三相土tri-phase soil476三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement477三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test478三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test479砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test480砂沸sand boiling481砂沸sand boiling482砂井sand drain483砂井sand drain484砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 485砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 486砂土sand487砂岩sandstone488砂桩sand column489砂嘴spit, sand spit490筛分析sieve analysis491山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area492山岩压力rock pressure493上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis 494深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement495深层搅拌法deep mixing method496深成岩plutionic rock497深基础deep foundation498深井点deep well point499沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method500渗流seepage501渗流量seepage discharge502渗流速度seepage velocity503渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting504渗透力seepage force505渗透破坏seepage failure506渗透试验permeability test507渗透系数coefficient of permeability508渗透性permeability509湿化试验slaking test510湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure511湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility512湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess513湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment514十字板剪切试验vane shear test515十字板抗剪强度vane strength516石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method517石灰岩limestone518石灰桩lime column, limepile519石英quartz520时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method521时间因子time factor522势函数potential function523收缩试验shrinkage test524树根桩root pile525竖直群桩横向极限承载力526数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics527双参数地基模型528双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion529双曲线模型hyperbolic model530水力梯度hydraulic gradient531水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio532水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method533水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting534瞬时沉降immediate settlement535斯宾赛法Spencer method536斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton's ultimate bearing capacity formula537松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion538松散堆积物rickle539素填土plain fill540塑料排水带plastic drain541塑限试验plastic limit test542塑性变形plastic deformation543塑性图plasticity chart544塑性形变理论545塑性指数plasticity index546碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 547碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar548损耗角loss angle549缩限shrinkage limit550缩限试验shrinkage limit test551太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory552太沙基固结理论Terzaghi's consolidation theory553太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation554泰勒法Taylor method555谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix556谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus557谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory558谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model559谈弹性变形elastic deformation560谈弹性变形elastic deformation561谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 562谈弹性模量elastic modulus563谈弹性模量elastic modulus564谈弹性模型elastic model565谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium566谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium567掏土纠偏法568体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus569天然地基natural foundation570条分法slice method571条形基础strip footing572土soil, earth573土的构造soil texture574土的结构soil structure575土动力学soil dynamics576土工聚合物Geopolymer577土工模型试验geotechnical model test578土工织物geofabric, geotextile579土工织物试验geotextile test580土力学soil mechanics581土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles582土坡slope583土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis584土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability585土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability586土压力earth pressure587土中气air in soil588土中水water in soil589土桩earth pile590团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith591托换技术underpinning technique592外掺剂additive593往返活动性reciprocating activity594围限地下水（台）confined ground water595未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay596魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model597魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic's ultimate bearing capacity formula598文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model599无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength600无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test601无量纲频率dimensionless frequency602无损检测nondestructive testing603无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil604无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test605无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile606吸收系数absorption coefficient607吸收系数absorption coefficient608下孔法试验down-hole test609下卧层substratum610先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure611先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure612现场渗透试验field permeability test613限定粒径constrained diameter614相对密度relative density, density index615相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction616箱形基础box foundation617泻湖lagoon618休止角angle of repose619修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model620絮状结构flocculent structure621悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall622悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall623悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall624旋喷jet grouting625旋转挤压灌注桩626压密（台）consolidation627压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test628压密度（台）degree of consolidation629压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test630压密试验consolidation test631压密系数coefficient of consolidation632压缩层633压缩模量modulus of compressibility634压缩曲线cpmpression curve635压缩系数coefficient of compressibility636压缩性compressibility637压缩性compressibility638压缩指数compression index639岩爆rock burst640岩层产状attitude of rock641岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock642岩脉dike, dgke643岩石rock644岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering645岩石构造structure of rock646岩石结构texture of rock647岩体rock mass648岩土工程geotechnical engineering649扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method650药液灌浆chemical grouting651页岩shale652液化liquefaction653液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential654液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction655液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method656液限liquid limit657液限试验liquid limit test658液性指数liquidity index659一维固结one dimensional consolidation660伊利土illite661应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus 662应力波stress waves in soils663应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus 664应力路径stress path665应力路径法stress path method666游离水（台）free water667有机质含量试验organic matter content test668有机质土organic soil669有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size670有效密度effective density671有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction672有效应力effective stress673有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope674有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter675有效应力原理principle of effective stress676有效应力原理principle of effective stress677有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept678有效重度effective unit weight679淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush680淤泥质土mucky soil681预浸水法presoaking682预压法preloading683预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure684原生矿物primary mineral685原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve686原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement687原位试验in-situ soil test688原状土undisturbed soil689圆弧分析法circular arc analysis690云母mica691杂填土miscellaneous fill692再压缩曲线recompression curve693造岩矿物rock-forming mineral694褶皱fold, folding695真空井点vacuum well point696真空预压vacuum preloading697真内摩擦角true angle internal friction698真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus699真粘聚力true cohesion700振冲法vibroflotation method701振冲密实法vibro-compaction702振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column703振冲置换法vibro-replacement704振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test705振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting706振陷dynamic settlement707整体剪切破坏general shear failure708正常固结土normally consolidated soil709正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil710支撑围护braced cuts711直剪仪direct shear apparatus712直接单剪试验direct simple shear test713直接剪切试验direct shear test714质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system715置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio716重锤夯实法tamping717重力密度unit weight718重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall719主动土压力active earth pressure720主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure721主固结primary consolidation722主压密（台）primary consolidation723柱下条形基础724桩piles725桩基动测技术dynamic pile test726桩式托换pile underpinning727桩土应力比stress ratio728准弹性模型hypoelastic model729准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure730自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 731自振柱试验free vibration column test732自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess733自重应力self-weight stress734总应力total stress approach of shear strength735总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope736总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter 737阻尼damping of soil738阻尼比damping ratio739组构fabric740钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation741钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile742钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile743钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section744最大干密度maximum dry density745最后贯入度final set746最后贯入度final set747最优含水量optimum water content748最终沉降final settlemen。
(完整)岩土专业词汇
(完整)岩土专业词汇Part 1 Generalwords岩土工程Geotechnical engineering 基础工程Foundation engineering 土soil ，earth`土力学soil mechanics周期荷载cyclic loading卸载再加载reloading粘弹性地基viscoelastic foundation 粘滞阻尼viscous damping剪切模量shear modulus土动力学soil dynamics应力路径stress pathPart 2 Types of soil残积土residual soil地下水groundwater地下水位groundwater level /groundwater table粘土矿物clay minerals次生矿物secondary minerals滑坡landslide钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section工程地质勘察engineering geologic investigation 漂石boulder卵石(完整)岩土专业词汇cobble砂石gravel砾砂gravelly sand 粗砂coarse sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sand粉土silty sand粘性土clayey soil 粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂质粉土sandy silt粘质粉土clayey silt 饱和土saturated soil非饱和土unsaturated soil填土filled soilPart 3 Permeability and seepage 达西定律Darcy’s law管涌piping流土flowing soil砂沸sand boiling流网flow net渗流seepage渗漏leakage渗透压力seepage (force） pressure渗透性permeability(完整)岩土专业词汇水力梯度hydraulic gradient渗透系数coefficient of permeabilityPart 4 Deformation and stress of foundation软土soft soil打入桩(负）摩阻力(negative) skin friction of driven pile有效应力effective stress总应力total stress十字板抗剪强度field vane shear strength低活性low activity灵敏度sensitivity三轴试验triaxial test基础设计foundation design再压缩recompaction承载力bearing capacity土体soil mass接触压力contact pressure集中荷载concentrated load半无限弹性体a semi—infinite elastic solid均质homogeneous各向同性isotropic条基strip footing方形独立基础square spread footing下卧层（土)underlying soil （stratum ，strata）恒载 /静载(完整)岩土专业词汇dead load持续荷载sustained load活载live load短期瞬时荷载short –term transient load 长期荷载long—term transient load 折算荷载reduced load沉降settlement变形deformation套管casing堤（防）dike=dyke粘粒粒组clay fraction物理性质physical properties路基subgrade级配良好土well—graded soil级配不良土poorly-graded soil筛子sieve摩尔—库仑破坏条件Mohr—Coulomb failure condition 有限元法FEM=finite element method极限平衡法limit equilibrium method孔隙水压力pore water pressure先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficent of compressibility 压缩指数compression index回弹指数(完整)岩土专业词汇swelling index自重应力geostatic stress附加应力additional stress最终沉降final settlement滑移线slip linePart 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation开挖excavation降水dewatering基坑失稳failure of foundation基坑围护bracing of foundation pit（基坑）底隆起bottom heave=basal heave挡土墙retaining wall孔压分布pore-pressure distribution降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts支撑开挖braced excavation支撑挡板braced sheetingPart 6 Deep foundation桩基础pile foundation灌注桩cast –in—place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast—in—place pile 钻孔桩bored pile(完整)岩土专业词汇机控异型灌注桩special—shaped cast—in—place pile嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock夯扩桩rammed bulb pile钻孔墩基础belled pier foundation钻孔扩底墩drilled—pier foundation预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土管桩prestressed concrete pipe pile沉井（箱）caisson foundation地下连续墙diaphragm摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end-bearing pile波动方程分析wave equation analysis承台pile cap单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向静荷载试验static load test of pile单桩竖向容许承载力vertical allowable load capacity低桩承台low pile cap(完整)岩土专业词汇高桩承台high-rise pile cap单桩抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile静压桩silent piling抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile群桩pile groups群桩效率系数(η)efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效应efficiency of pile groups桩基动测dynamic pile testing最后贯入度final set桩动荷载试验dynamic load test of pile桩的完整性试验pile integrity test桩头pile head=butt桩端（头）pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩距pile spacing桩位布置图pile plan桩的布置arrangement of piles =pile layout 群桩作用group action桩端阻end bearing=tip resistance桩侧阻skin(side）friction=shaft resistance桩垫pile cushion打桩(振动）pile driving（by vibration）拔桩试验pile pulling test(完整)岩土专业词汇桩靴pile shoe打桩噪音pile noise打桩机pile rigPart 7 Ground treatment建筑地基处理技术规范technical code for ground treatment of building垫层法cushion method预压法preloading method强夯法dynamic compaction method强夯置换法dynamic compaction replacement method振冲法vibroflotation method砂石桩sand—gravel pile /pile-stone column 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩cement-flyash-gravel pile（CFG)水泥土搅拌桩cement mixing pile水泥桩cement column石灰桩lime pile /lime column高压喷射注浆法jet grouting method夯实水泥土桩rammed-cement—soil pile灰土挤密桩lime—soil compaction pile /lime—soil compacted column化学加固法chemical stabilization method表层压实法surface compaction method超载预压法surcharge preloading method真空预压法vacuum preloading method袋装砂井法(完整)岩土专业词汇sand wick method土工织物geofabric /geotextile复合地基composite foundation加筋法reinforcement method降低地下水固结法dewatering consolidation method 冷热处理法freezing and heating method膨胀土地基处理expansive ground treatment山区地基处理ground treatment in mountain area 湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment人工地基artificial foundation天然地基natural foundation褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain树根桩root pile塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩stone column/gravel pile（复合地基）置换率(composite foundation） replacement ratioPart 8固结 consolidation太沙基固结理论Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论Barraon’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot’s consolidation theory超固结比over consolidation ration （OCR)超固结土overconsolidation soil超孔压力(完整)岩土专业词汇excess pore water pressure多维固结multi—dimensional consolidation 一维固结one—dimensional consolidation 主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结试验consolidation test固结曲线consolidation curve时间因子time factor Tv固结系数coefficient of consolidation前期固结压力preconsolidation pressure有效应力原理principle of effective stressK0固结consolidation under K0 condition Part 9 抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength峰值强度peak strength剪胀dilatation抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength莫尔－库仑理论Mohr—Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力cohesion(完整)岩土专业词汇破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength 有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope Part 10 Constitutive model弹性模型Elastic model非线性弹性模型Nonlinear elastic model弹塑性模型Elastoplastic model粘弹性模型Viscoelastic model边界面模型Boundary surface model邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model刚塑性模型Rigid plastic model帽模型Cap model加工软化Work softening加工硬化Work hardening剑桥模型Cambridge model理想弹塑性模型Ideal elastoplastic model莫尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion屈服面Yield surface弹性半空间地基模型Elastic half-space foundation model 弹性模量Elastic modulusPart 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soil冲切破坏Punching shear failure整体剪切破坏General shear failure局部剪切破坏(完整)岩土专业词汇Local shear failure极限平衡状态State of limit equilibrium地基稳定性Stability of soil/rock foundation地基极限承载力Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基容许承载力Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundationPart 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysis主动土压力Active earth pressure被动土压力Passive earth pressure静止土压力Earth pressure at rest休止角Angle of repose边坡稳定安全系数Safety factor of slope条分法Slices methodPart 13 retaining wall挡土墙稳定性Stability of retaining wall基础墙Foundation wall扶壁式挡土墙Counter retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙Cantilever retaining wall悬臂式板桩墙Cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙Gravity retaining wall锚定板挡土墙Anchored plate retaining wall锚定板板桩墙Anchored sheet pile wallPart 14 Soil test高压固结试验High pressure consolidation test K0固结试验Consolidation under K0 condition 变水头渗透试验(完整)岩土专业词汇Falling head permeability test不固结不排水三轴试验Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test固结不排水/排水三轴试验Consolidated undrained/drained triaxial test击实试验Compaction test固结快剪试验Consolidated quick direct shear test 快剪试验Quick direct shear test土工模型试验Geotechnical model test离心模型试验Centrifugal model test直剪仪Direct shear apparatusPart 15 In situ test标准贯入试验Standard penetration test (SPT）表面波试验Surface wave test(SWT）动力触探试验Dynamic penetration test（DPT）静力触探试验Static cone penetration test跨孔试验Cross-hole test螺旋板载荷试验Screw plate test旁压试验Pressuremeter test轻便触探试验Light sounding test深层沉降观测Deep settlement measurement现场渗透试验Field permeability test原位空隙水压量测In-situ pore water pressure measurement原位（土、岩石）试验In-situ soil/rock test直剪试验Direct shear test直接单剪试验(完整)岩土专业词汇Direct simple shear test动三轴试验Dynamic triaxial test自（共）振柱试验Free（resonance） vibration column test隧道Tunnel水平隧道Horizontal gallery明挖法Cut and cover沉管法Immersed tube入口隧道或引道隧道Access tunnel竖井shaft斜井Inclined shaft洞室cavern天然洞室Natural cavern 人工洞室Artificial cavern 地下综合建筑Underground complex 尺寸Size,dimension特小断面Mini section小断面Small section中断面Medium section特大断面Very large section 短Short length中长Medium length长大Long length特长大Very long length断面形状Section shape(完整)岩土专业词汇圆形Circular shape马蹄形Horseshoe shape矩形Rectangular shape卵形Egg shape箱形Box shape内部净空断面形状Inside shape开挖断面形状Outside or excavation shape 埋深Tunnel depth明挖回填Cut and cover浅埋Shallow depth中埋Medium depth深埋Deep depth 特深埋Very deep depth用途Purpose or use调查investigation地质调查Ground investigation 导洞Pilot tunnel调查孔或坑道Pilot bore铁路rail干线Main line地铁metro公路road人行道pedestrian车站Station(完整)岩土专业词汇上水道Water supply水利发电Hydraulic power有压与无压隧洞Pressure or non pressure tunnels 分水渠River diversion洪水Storm water排水Drainage水渠Aqueduct冷气cooling air冷却水排水Cooling water outfall航道navigation下水道Sewerage地域暖气District heating 电缆cable热水Hot water电力－通信Power—telecommunication 通风Ventilation煤气Gas工厂factory发电所Generating station储藏storage流体和固体储藏Fluids and solids storage 停车parking办公室，商店Office,shop军事Military(完整)岩土专业词汇人防Defence，protection多目的，多功能Multi service采矿Mining地下建筑物各部分名称Parts of cross section 仰拱Invert arch底板floor拱部或拱顶部roof拱顶crown拱脚Springer拱肩shoulders刹尖key边墙wall 墙脚feet腿部leg膝部knee开挖面或掌子面face形状shape衬砌lining曲隅部bend交叉部crossing正面部Face，front入口部access洞门portal接头部junction(完整)岩土专业词汇分岔部bifurcation开口部Opening window加宽部enlargement避难洞Recess筛子围岩Surrounding rock 地质学geology水文地质学hydrogeology岩石力学Rock mechanics土力学Soil mechanics 地震活动Seismicity钻孔或钻探boring地质物理调查Geophysical investigation 室内试验Laboratory test现场试验In situ test事前调查Probing ahead地质勘探Geologic exploration围岩的性质Nature of ground硬岩Hard rock完整岩石Sound rock风化岩Weathered rock破碎岩Fissured rock软弱围岩Soft ground塑性围岩Plastic ground流动围岩(完整)岩土专业词汇Running ground减压区Decompressed zone 混合围岩Mixed ground卵石boulder夹层seam层理bedding节理Joint不透水围岩Impervious ground 透水围岩Pervious ground 蠕变creep风化,蚀变alteration透水性permeability地下水Ground water湿度moisture岩溶karst断层fault围岩的物理力学性质Ground character密度density比重Specific gravity磨损度abrasivity溶解度solubility可钻性Drillability抗压强度Compressive strength 抗拉强度Tensile strength抗剪强度(完整)岩土专业词汇Shear strength内摩擦力Internal friction粘结力cohesion剪胀swelling收缩shrinkage地压Ground pressure弹性系数Modulus of elasticity 冲击阻力Impact resistance孔隙率Porosity ratio硬度hardness设计design分析Analysis计算calculation经济比较Economic study标准化Standardization计划Plan， planing program 设计数据Design data垂直荷载Vertical load水平荷载Horizontal load浮力Uplift。
岩土工程专业英语单词表
专业外语一。
综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic found粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径二．土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土三．土的基本物理力学性质1.c c Compression index2.c u undrained shear strength3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective overburden stress p0(c u/p0)NC,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated andoverconsolidated, respectively4.c vane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.I p plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ do main for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulatinginstantaneous loading or an undrained conditionK0d K0coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a11.pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count ,standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test18.q u unconfined compressive strengt h19.U,U m degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and meanvalue, respectively21.w0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 四．渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage (force) pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.hydraulic gradient水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力total stress总应力4.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度5.low activity低活性6.sensitivity灵敏度7.triaxial test三轴试验8.foundation design基础设计9.recompaction再压缩10.bearing capacity承载力11.soil mass土体12.contact pressure接触应力13.concentrated load集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体15.homogeneous均质16.isotropic各向同性17.strip footing条基18.square spread footing方形独立基础19.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）20.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载21.live load活载22.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载23.long-term transient load长期荷载24.reduced load折算荷载25.settlement沉降deformation变形26.casing套管27.dike=dyke堤（防）28.clay fraction粘粒粒组29.physical properties物理性质30.subgrade路基31.well-graded soil级配良好土32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土33.sieve筛子34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件35.FEM=finite element method有限元法36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数42.swelling index回弹指数43.geostatic stress自重应力44.additional stress附加应力45.total stress总应力46.final settlement最终沉降47.slip line滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水1.excavation开挖（挖方）2.dewatering（基坑）降水3.failure of foundation基坑失稳4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6.retaining wall挡土墙7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8.dewatering method降低地下水位法9.well point system井点系统（轻型）10.deep well point深井点11.vacuum well point真空井点12.braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑开挖braced sheeting支撑挡板七．深基础deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩end-bearing pile端承桩5.(pile)shaft桩身6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析7.pile caps承台（桩帽）8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力13.low pile cap低桩承台14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力16.silent piling静力压桩17.uplift pile抗拔桩18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩19.pile groups群桩20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术23.final set最后贯入度24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验26.pile head=butt桩头27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）28.pile spacing桩距29.pile plan桩位布置图30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置31.group action群桩作用32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻34.pile cushion桩垫35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）36.pile pulling test拔桩试验37.pile shoe桩靴38.pile noise打桩噪音39.pile rig打桩机八．地基处理（ground treatment）1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩pile-stone column砂石桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩10.cement column水泥桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩12.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法14.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法16.surface compaction 表层压实法17.surcharge preloading超载预压法vacuum preloading真空预压法18.sand wick袋装砂井19.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基21.reinforcement method加筋法22.dewatering method降低地下水固结法23.freezing and heating冷热处理法24.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理25.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理26.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理27.artificial foundation人工地基natural foundation天然地基28.pillow褥垫29.soft clay ground软土地基30.sand drain砂井31.root pile树根桩32.plastic drain塑料排水带33.stone column碎石桩gravel pile碎石桩34.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九．固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor T v时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十．抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变强度6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter十一.本构模型constitutive method1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure the ory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method十五.挡土墙retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七.浅基础shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有强度8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振幅十九.动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test(SPT) 标准灌入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-site soil test 原位试验-over-。
岩土工程英语词汇(DOC)
A.abrasion action 磨蚀作用abrasives 研磨料；研磨物absolute age 绝对年龄absorbed layer 吸附层absorbed water 吸(附)水absorption limit 吸附界限absorption loss 吸附损失abutment 桥台；坝肩；墩栓；支座abutment wall 桥台翼墙abysmal deposit 深海沉积Accelerated Landslip PreventiveMeasures Project 加速防止山泥倾泻计划acceptable wave condition 容许波浪条件acceptance of tender 采纳投标书accident investigation 意外调查，事故调查accident loading condition 意外荷载条件accident report 意外事件[故]报告accident statistics 意外[事故]统计(数字)accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验所accumulated deformation 累积变形accuracy 准确度；精度acidic corrosion 酸性侵[腐]蚀acidic igneous rock 酸性火成岩acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验acidity test 酸度试验acid-pickling 酸洗；酸浸Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,ADCP 声波多普勒水流测剖机[仪]acoustic emission monitoring 声辐射监测acoustic exploration 声波勘探acoustic frequency geo-electricfield method 声频大地电场法acoustic piezometer 声辐射测压计acoustic prospecting 声波勘探acquisition (土地) 收购；征用acrylamide grouting 丙凝灌浆active clay 活性黏土active earth pressure, pa 主动土压力active fault 活断层；活动断裂active intensity forecasting 活动烈度预测active isolation 积极隔振[离] active mitigation strategies 主动缓解策略active period 活动期，活跃期active pile 主动桩active stabilizer 活性加固剂active state 主动状态active state of plastic equilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态active water (有侵蚀性)活性水active zone 活动层，膨胀土层activity 活性activity index, A 活性指数additional stress 附加应力additive constant 加常数adhesion 黏着力；黏著作用；内聚力adhesive 胶黏剂，黏结剂adjusted value 平差值，调整值adjustment 调整；调节；调校；(测量) 平差adjustment item 调整项目administrative procedure 行政程序Admiralty Chart 海军图表，航海图admissible load 容许荷载admixture 搀和剂，混合物，搀合物advance works 前期工程adverse geological condition 不良地质情况[条件]Advisory Council on the Environment 环境咨询委员会Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) (斜坡维修) 劝喻信aeolian soil 风积土aeration zone 通气带aeration zone water 通气带水aerated water 饱气水aerial camera/air camera 航空摄影机；空中摄影机aerial mapping 航空填图航空测绘aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量学，空中摄影测量学aerial photograph interpretation, API 航空照片判释[解译]aerial photograph (vertical or oblique) ( 垂直或倾斜) 航空照片，航摄照片aerial photographic survey 航空摄影测量aerial survey/air survey 航空测量，空中测量aerobe 需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating (of rock) ( 岩石) 测年，测定年代ageing 老化agglomerate 集块岩aggregate ( 土壤) 团粒；(混凝土) 骨料aggregate abrasion value 石料耐磨值aggregate impact value 石料冲击强度值agitator 搅拌器A-horizon A层；淋溶层AIEG (Association of International EngineeringGeology) 国际工程地质学会air compressor 空气压缩机air content, ac 含气率air jet 喷射气流；喷嘴air permeability 透气性[率]air permeability test 透气性[率]试验air space ratio, Ga 排水气隙比air test 气密试验air void ratio, Gv 气隙比air voids (of a soil) ( 土的)气隙，(土的)空气孔隙air-curtain method 气幕法air-dried soil 风干土air-lift equipment 压缩空气扬水泵air-lock 气闸Airport Core Programme, ACP 机场核心计划air-water 气水面alert criteria 警戒准则alert level 预警水平alignment (pipe alignment) ( 管线)定线；线向；路线alignment survey 定线测量A-line (塑性图) A线all round pressure 周围压[应]力allocation condition 批地条款；分配条件；分配规定allocation plan 批地图allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载能力allowable bearing pressure 容许承载力allowable bearing value 容许承载值allowable deformation 容许变形allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许荷载allowable movement 容许位移allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowable settlement 容许沉降量allowable soil pressure 容许土压力allowable vibration acceleration 容许振动加速度allowance for corrosion loss 预留锈蚀量alluvial (clay, silt, sand) 冲积(黏土、粉土、砂)alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvium 冲积物；冲积层all-weather 全天候alternating load 交变荷载alternating strain 交变应变alternating stress 交变应力alternation 更改；改建；后补；替代alternative design 替代设计altimeter 测高仪altitude 高程，海拔aluminum octahedron 铝八面体ambient pressure 环境压[应]力ambient temperature 环境[介质]温度amendment 修正；改正Amenity (城市规划) 环境美化带[区] amenity area 美化市容地带；市容地带American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard 美国公路及交通正式标准协会American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards 美国试验及材料学会标准amplification factor 放大因子amplitude magnification factor 振幅放大因子amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude ratio 振幅比anaerobe 厌氧菌；厌氧生物anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria 厌氧抗硫酸盐细菌anchor (in slope works) (边坡工程) 锚杆，锚；锚杆支撑anchor block 锚块anchor bolt 锚栓，螺栓anchor cable 锚索anchor pile 锚桩anchor plate 锚板anchor rod 锚杆anchor wall 锚定[固]墙anchorage 锚定[固]作用；地锚anchorage area 锚地；碇泊区anchorage force 锚固力anchorage shear test 锚固剪切试验anchored bulkhead 锚定[固]岸壁；锚定[固]挡壁anchored sheet piling 锚定[固]板桩墙anchoring 锚固ancillary works 附属工程andesite 安山岩andesite tuff 安山凝灰岩anemometer 风速仪；风速表ANFO blasting agent 硝酸铵油渣混合炸药angle of contact ( 弯液面) 接触角angle of dilatancy 剪胀角，扩容角angle of external friction 外摩擦角angle of inclination 倾角angle of internal friction, 内摩擦角angle of obliquity 倾斜角angle of reach 触及坡角angle of repose 休止角angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing resistance 抗剪角，剪切角angle of shearing strength 剪切强度角angle of skin friction 表面摩擦角angle of slope 斜坡坡角，斜坡角度angle of true internal friction 真内摩擦角angle of wall friction, δ墙摩擦角angular 棱角状的angularity chart 棱角度对比图angularity factor 棱角度因子anidrite 硬石膏anion adsorption 阴离子吸附anion exchange 阴离子交换anisotropic consolidation 各向不等压固结；各向异性固结anisotropic hardening 各向异性硬化anisotropic medium 各向异性介质anisotropic soil 各向异性土anisotropy 各向异性anthropogenic 受人类影的anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用anti-slide pile 抗滑桩anvil 砧A-parameter 孔隙压力系数A aperture size 缝隙尺寸aplite 细晶岩apparent angle of internal friction 表观内摩擦角apparent cohesion 表观黏聚力，似黏聚力apparent preconsolidation pressure 表观先期固结压力apparent shearing strength 表观抗剪强度apparent velocity 表观流速approach channel 进出港航道；进出口航道approach road 引路approach velocity 行近流速approved concrete mix 认可混凝土混合料approved contractor 认可承建商approved plan 批准的计划；认可的设计：认可图则approved project estimate 核准工程预算approved suppliers of materials 认可物料供货商apron 护坦，挡板aquiclude 阻水层aquifer 含水层aquitard 弱透水层arch action (in soil) ( 土中)成拱作用Archaeozoic 太古代Archean (年代) 太古代的；(地层) 太古界的arching 拱作用Area Committee 分区委员会area load 面荷载area ratio (取样器) 面积比argillaceous rock 泥质岩；黏土(质)岩arid region 干旱区arithmetical check 运算核对armour (防波堤) 护面；护面块体armour layer 护面层armour rock 护面块石artesian aquifer 承压含水层artesian basin 自流盆地artesian ground water 承压地下水artesian water 承压水；自流水artesian well 自流井articles of agreement 合约细则，协议条款，合约条款artificial ground 人工地基as-constructed drawing 竣工图as-constructed plan 竣工图则aseismatic design 抗震设计aseismic region 无震区asphalt 沥青，柏油asphalt mix design 沥青混凝土配方asphalt paver 沥青摊铺机aspirator 流水抽气器assembly 装置Assessment Panel 评估小组Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong, ACEHK 香港顾问工程师协会Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd. 香港岩土及岩土环境工程专业协会Association of Government Land and Engineering Surveying Officers, AGLESO 政府土地工程测量主任协会Association of Government Local Land Surveyors, AGLLS 政府本地土地测量师协会Association of Government Technical and Survey Officers, AGTSO 政府工程技术及测量主任协会associative flow rule 相关流动法则astronomical tide 天文潮atmospheric water 大气水attenuation 衰减Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude (地质) 产状，构造面位置auger 螺旋钻auger bit 螺旋钻头auger boring 螺旋钻探auger drill 螺旋钻auger pile 螺旋桩Authorized Person, AP 认可人士；获授权人士authority 当局；权力；主管机构authority concerned 有关当局；有关主管机构authority for approval 授权当局；批核当局authorization 批核Authorized Land Surveyor 认可土地测量师authorized marine borrow area 认可挖砂区，已批准的挖砂区autograph 自动缯图仪autographic record 自动记录automatic raingauge 自动雨量计automatic ram pile driver 自动冲锤打桩机auto-telemetering 自动遥测availability of land 可用土地avalanche 山崩；雪崩average maximum wave height 平均最大波高average stress 平均应力axial 轴向axial bearing capacity 轴向承载[压]力axial compression 轴向压缩axial extension test 轴向拉伸试验axial load 轴向荷载；轴压axial pressure 轴向压力axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称azimuth 极方位；极方位角B.back analysis 反演分析back drain 墙背排水设施back osmotic pressure 反渗压力back pressure 反压(力)，倒压back-calculation 反算法，反推法backfill 回填土，回泥；回填backfilling 回填background noise level 背景音量backing concrete 堤背混凝土back-up area 后勤区；后勤用地backward erosion 向源侵蚀，逆向侵蚀backwater effect 回水作用bad land 劣地bagged concrete 袋装混凝土bailer 抽泥筒balance cone (稠度试验) 平衡锥balance in water quantity 水量平衡ballast 道碴；压载balloon densimeter 囊式密度计balloon volumeter 囊式体积仪band drain 排水板，排水肩带banded clay 带状黏土band-shaped prefabricated drain 带状预制排水板bank (of channel) 堤岸；河畔；(航道)边坡banquette 填土；扩坡道barge 卸泥船；趸船；驳船；平底船barging point 趸船转运站barium sulphate test 硫酸钡试验barrel 钻探取样器，(惯称) 巴鲁；桶barrette 方形桩，矩形桩barrier effect ( 桩工) 遮帘作用Barron’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩basalt dyke 玄武岩岩墙base course (路工) 基层base exchange capacity 盐基交换容量base exchange 盐基交换base heave failure 基底隆起破坏base level 基准面base shearing resistance 基底抗剪强度base tilt factor (地基承载力) 基底倾斜因子baseline 基数；基线basement wall 地下室墙basic igneous rock 基性火成岩basic intensity 基本烈度basin 水槽；港池；盆地；峡basin-range landform 盆峡岭地貌batching and mixing plant(concrete) ( 混凝土)配料及搅拌设备batching plant 混凝土配料机batholith 岩基bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathymetric survey 海深测量bathymetry 海深，海底深度batter leader pile driver 斜导架打桩机batter pile 斜桩batter 倾斜Baumehydrometer 波美比重计beach sand 海滩砂beacon 航标；浮标；灯塔；讯标；立标beam under foundation 地基梁bearing 方位；方向角；支承(座架) bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factor ( 地基) 承载力因子，承载力系数bearing course 承压垫层bearing graph ( 桩工) 反应曲线bearing layer 持力层bearing pile 承重桩，支承桩bearing plate 载荷板bearing stratum 持力层，支承层bearing test 载荷试验bedded rock slope 层状岩石斜坡bedding 层理bedding error ( 试验) 端垫误差bedding layer 垫层bedding plane 层理面bedrock 基岩belled pile 扩底桩belling bucket 扩底挖斗benched foundation 台阶式基础benchmark 水平点bending moment 弯矩bending schedule 弯钢筋表bending strength 抗弯强度benefit analysis 效益分析benthic seabed grab survey 海底抓斗勘测benthic 海底的bentonite 膨润土，膨土岩bentonite liner 膨润土衬垫bentonite slurry 膨润土泥浆berm (on a slope) ( 斜坡)坡级，坡台berm 护道；斜水，(俗称) 坡级bermstone 护脚石berth configuration coefficient 靠泊形状系数berth 码头；泊位berthing 停泊berthing and landing facilities 靠泊及登陆设施berthing condition 靠泊条件；靠泊，靠码头，停泊berthing energy 靠船(撞击)能量berthing load 靠泊荷载berthing reaction 靠泊反力best-estimate parameter 最佳估计参数B-horizon B 层 (岩土风化) B积层bias 偏差bias of risk 风险偏向biaxial state of stress 双轴应力状态bilinear model 双线性模型bills of quantities 工料清单；工料报价单binder course (路工) 结合层Bingham model 宾汉模型biological weathering 生物风化Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论biota tissue 生物组织biotite 黑云母bird’s-eye view 鸟瞰图Bishop’s simplified method of slice 毕肖普简化条分法bitumen 沥青bitumen grouting 沥青灌浆blanket 铺盖；掩盖blanket grouting 铺盖灌浆blast 燃爆；爆破blast cleaning 喷砂清洁blasting (e.g. rock blasting) 燃爆，爆破(例：爆石)blasting by abrasive (e.g. sand blasting) 磨料喷砂 (例：砂磨) blasting certificate 燃爆证书blasting compaction method 爆炸挤密法blasting site 爆石工地；爆破工地blasting works 爆石工程；爆破工程bleeder well 减压井blind catch basin 截留盲井blind drain 盲沟blinding 基础垫层；地基垫层，(俗称) 草鞋底blinding layer 垫层block diagram 三相图block sample 样品，块样blockage 堵塞，淤塞blockage of drain 排水堵塞，渠道淤塞blocking leaking 堵漏blockwork seawall 方块海堤blockwork wall 方块体墙blow count 击数blow-in 涌入；吹入blown sand 风成砂blown tip pile 爆扩桩blows (in SPT) (标准贯入试验) 锤击数blow-up ( 路工) 鼓起bluff 悬崖boat hoist 吊艇body force 体积力body wave 体波bog 沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭boiling 砂沸；翻浆bollard 系船柱bolt 螺栓bolting 栓固bond 契约bonding 黏结；结合力bondsman 保证人bonus payment 奖励付款book clay 带状黏土bookhouse fabric 书堆结构border pile 边桩bored pile 钻孔灌注桩，钻孔桩borehole 钻孔borehole camera 钻孔照相机borehole direct shear device 钻孔直剪仪borehole extensometer 钻孔引伸仪borehole log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图borehole periscope 钻孔潜望镜borehole spacing 钻孔间距borehole specimen 钻孔土样borehole surveying 钻孔勘察borescope ( 桩工) 钻孔检查显示器boring (for ground investigation) (地基勘探) 钻探boring bit 钻头boring by percussion 冲击钻进boring casing 钻探套管boring frame 钻架boring log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图boring machine 钻孔机boring rig 钻探机，钻机boring rod 钻杆borrow area 取土区；挖泥区；采料场borrow pit 取土坑Boston blue clay 波士顿蓝黏土bottom dump 经舱底卸置，舱底式卸置bottom heave 坑底隆起，底鼓bottom pressure 底压力bottom-dump barge 开底运泥船boulder 漂石，孤石，漂砾，散石，砾石，巨砾boulder clay 漂石黏土boulder fall 砾石下坠，孤石崩落，孤石下坠，巨砾泻落boulder fence 防石栏Boulder Field Inventory 富孤石区目录bouldery colluvium 砾石坡积物bound water 吸附水，结合水boundary condition 边界条件boundary element 边界元boundary element method 边界元法boundary mark 界址标记boundary wall 边界墙Bourdon gauge 布尔登压力计Boussinesq solution 布西涅斯克解Boussinesq theory 布西涅斯克理论box caisson 沉箱box culvert 盒形暗渠，箱涵，箱形涵洞box foundation 箱型基础box pile 箱型桩B-parameter 孔隙压力系数Bbraced excavation 支撑开挖braced sheeting 支撑挡板bracing 支撑；加劲bracing arrangement ( 基坑开挖) 支撑装置Brazilian test 巴西试验，劈裂试验break damage 干裂破坏break line 倾斜变换线；折线breakdown pressure 破碎压力breaking strain 断裂应变breaking stress 断裂应力breaking wave 破碎波breakwater 防波堤breast wall 胸墙breccia 角砾岩bridge abutment 桥台briefing session 简报会briefly frozen soil 暂短冻土British Standards, BS 英国标准British Standards Institution, BSI 英国标准协会brittle failure 脆性破坏brittle fracture 脆裂brittleness index 脆性指数brooming (木)桩碎裂，(木)桩头碎裂Brownian movement 布朗运动bucket 链斗；斗；桶斗；铲斗；车斗桶；勺bucket auger 勺钻bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船bucket ladder dredger 链斗挖掘船buckling 压曲，弯曲，弯折；侧胀Building (Administration) Regulations 建筑物(管理)规例Building (Construction) Regulations 建筑物(建造) 规例Building Authority 建筑事务监督building code 建筑守则，建筑规范Building Management Committee, BMC 大厦管理委员会Buildings Ordinance 建筑物条例built-in component 嵌入部份bulb pile 球根桩bulging (of ground) ( 土地) 隆起bulk check 整体检查bulk compressibility 体积压缩性bulk density 体密度bulk explosives 浆状炸药bulk modulus 体积模量bulk sample 体样bulk shrinkage 体缩bulk unit weight 体积单位重量；体容重bulk weight 体重量bulk volume 扩张体积bulkhead 岸壁，挡墙bulking factor 体积扩张系数；体积系数bulking 体胀，胀大bulldozer 推土机；铲泥车bund 堤壆；壆；田基buoy 浮标buoyancy 扬压力，浮力buoyant density, ρ' 浸没密度，浮密度buoyant foundation 浮筏基础buoyant pile 浮桩；摩擦桩buoyant unit weight, γ' 浮容重；浮重度burette 滴定管Burgers model 伯格模型buried karst 埋藏型岩溶，潜伏岩溶buried pile cap 低桩承台buried structure 埋入式结构物buried water-carrying services 地下带水管道bursting 破裂，爆裂bus bay 巴士停车处；巴士停车场bus lay-by 巴士站；巴士停车场butt 桩头；对接buttress 扶墙，扶壁，支撑墙，支壁buttressed retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙buttressed wall 扶垛墙by-pass seepage 绕渗C.cable percussion boring 钢绳冲击钻探cable tool drill 钢绳冲击钻cadastral plan 地籍图cadastral survey 地籍测量cage of reinforcement 钢筋笼caisson 沉箱，挖孔桩caisson foundation 沉箱基础caisson wall 挖孔桩挡土墙，沉箱挡土墙，沉箱墙calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous tufa 石灰华calcite 方解石calculated self-weight collapse 计算自重湿陷量calculation model 计算模型calculous soil 砾质土calendar day 历日calibrate/calibration 校准[正]；校定calibration test 标定试验；校准[正]试验California Bearing Ratio, CBR 加州承载比calling for tender 招标calorimetric method 量热法Cambrian (年代) 寒武纪；(地层) 寒武系Cambridge Model 剑桥(本构)模型camkometer 剑桥旁压仪cantilever footing 悬臂式基础cantilever pile 悬臂桩cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式档土墙cantilever sheet piling 悬臂式板桩墙cantilevered footpath 悬臂式行人径cap 护顶；桩帽；桩顶；帽；柱帽cap model 帽盖模型high capacity road 高流量的道路capblock 桩帽capillarimeter 毛细管仪capillarity 毛细管作用capillary action 毛细管作用capillary fringe 毛细管水上升边缘capillary head 毛细管水头capillary height, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillary pressure 毛细管水压力capillary rise, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary tension 毛细管水张力capillary water (土中)毛细管水capital cost 基本建设费用capital works contract 基本工程合约Capital Works Reserve Fund, CWRF 基本工程储备基金capital works 基本建设工程capped yield model 盖帽屈服模型capping (工程) 封顶capping piece 压檐木capture fisheries 捕捞渔业carbonaceous mudstone 钙质泥岩Carboniferous 石炭纪；(地层) 石炭系cardboard drain 纸板排水；排水纸板cardhouse fabric 片架组构cargo working/handling area 货物装卸区Carlson stress meter 卡尔逊应力计cartographic 制图的；地图的Casagrande’s soil classification 卡萨格兰德土壤分类法case history 工程实录case study 实例研究cased borehole 套管钻孔cased pile 套管桩casing 套管cast iron 铸铁，生铁cast-in fixing bolt 预埋锚栓casting 浇铸，铸件casting yard/basin 浇灌场cast-in-place pile 灌注桩cast-in-situ 原地铸造；就地浇筑cast-in-situ pile 灌注桩cataclasis 碎裂cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的Catalogue of Slopes 斜坡目录，斜坡纪录册catastrophic prediction 灾变预测catch-drain 截水暗沟catchment 集水区catchment area 流域[集水][汇水]面积；集水区；引集范围catchpit 集水井；排水井；聚泥坑；集水坑；截流井catchwater 引水道categories of cost 费用类别cathodic protection 阴极防蚀cathodic protection system 阴极防蚀系统cation exchange 阳离子交换cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量causative fault 发震断裂cavern 洞穴；岩洞Cavern Project Study, CAPRO 「岩洞计划」研究cavernous marble 含溶洞大理石cavernous rock 多孔岩石caving 坍落cavity (岩溶) 溶洞；空隙；洞穴cavity expansion theory 空穴膨胀论cell pressure ( 三轴试验) 围压；(压力盒) 盒压；(旁压仪) 腔压cellular bulkhead 格型岸壁cellular cofferdam 格型围堰cellular retaining wall 格状挡土墙C-horizon C 层，母质层cellular steel sheet pile 格状钢板桩chunam 灰泥，(俗称) 朱南cellular texture 网格组织chunam cover 灰泥护面，(俗称) 朱南护面cement 水泥；胶结材料；胶合剂；胶水chunk sample 块状试样cement grouting 水泥灌浆churn drill 旋冲钻cement injection 水泥灌注[浆] churn drilling 冲击钻进cement mortar 水泥砂浆cinder 炉渣；矿渣；火山渣cementation 胶结作用circle of stress 应力圆cemented soil 胶结土circular arc analysis 圆弧分析法cementing agent 胶结剂circular foundation 圆形基础cement-stabilized soil 水泥加固土circular frequency 圆频率cement-treated-soil grout 水泥土(灌)浆circular road 环回公路Central Tender Board 中央投标委员会circular slip surface ( 土壤力学) 圆弧滑动面centrifugal model test 离心模型试验circulation 循环；环流；浚通centrifuge moisture equivalent, CME 离心含水当量classical earth pressure theory 经典土压力理论centrifuge test 离心试验classification and index tests 分类及指标数试验ceramic filter 陶瓷过滤器classification test (土壤力学) 分类试验certificate of completion 完工证明书clastic flow 碎屑流certified true copy 核实副本；经核证无误的副本；认证文本clastic structure 碎裂屑结构clay binder 黏土胶结物chain bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船clay blanket ( 水工) 黏土铺盖；(隧道) 黏土护层chain sounding 链式水深测量clay content 黏土含量chainage 链测长度；链程clay fraction 黏土粒粗chainman 丈量员clay grouting 黏土灌浆chalk 白垩clay loam 黏质壤土chalky clay 白垩黏土clay mineral 黏土矿物chamber 池；室；小房间clay onion-skin bond 黏粒葱皮黏结channel 渠道；沟渠；排水沟；海峡；航道；水道clay partings 黏土夹层channel of flow 水流汇聚；引集水流clay platelet 黏土片晶channelization ratio 沟豁比clay puddle 黏土膏；黏土坑；胶土channelized debris flow 沿沟泥石流，沟豁控制的泥石流clay shale 黏土质页岩clay stratum 黏土层characteristic 特性clay-cement grouting 黏土水泥灌浆characteristic compressive strength 特性抗压强度clayey sand 黏质砂土characteristic load 特征荷载clayey silt 黏质粉土，黏质粉砂characteristic strength 特性强度claystone 黏土岩Chart Datum, CD 海图基准面clean-out auger 清孔钻chartered engineer 特许工程师clearance 清理；清拆charting 海图制图clearance application 清拆申请chaser 送桩器clearance programme 清拆计划checking of design record 核对设计记录cleavage ( 岩石) 劈理；(矿物) 解理checking certificate 审核证书cliff 悬崖，峭壁checklist 核对表；检查单climatic effect 气候效应chemical churning pile 旋喷桩climatic environment 气候环境chemical grouting 化学灌浆clinometer 测斜仪，倾角仪chemical injection process 化学注液法clogging 淤塞chemical stabilization 化学加固closed conduit 暗管chemical weathering 化学风化closed system 封闭系统chequer plate 棋格板closing error 闭合差chimney drain ( 坝工) 竖向截水体closure of road 封闭道路chloride content 氯化物含量cloup 漏斗；灰岩坑；落水洞chopping bit 冲击钻头cluster structure 团粒结构，团状结构coagulant 凝聚剂coagulation 凝聚作用coagulator 促凝剂coal gangue 煤矿石coal tar epoxy 煤焦油环氧树脂coarse aggregate 粗粒料coarse ash tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse fraction content 粗粒组含份量coarse grained soil 粗粒土coarse particle 粗粒，粗颗粒coarse sand 粗砂coastal habitat 海岸栖息地coastline 海岸线coated pile 涂面桩coaxiality 共轴性cobble 卵石，鹅卵石；中砾code 规范；守则code of practice 作业规范；工作守则coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka 主动土压力系数coefficient of adhesion 黏附系数coefficient of attenuation 衰减系数coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility, av 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation, cv 固结系数coefficient of consolidation for radial flow 径向固结系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数coefficient of deformation 变形系数coefficient of dynamic viscosity 动力黏滞系数coefficient of earth pressure at rest, Ko 静止土压力系数coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression 弹性非均匀压缩系数coefficient of elastic shear 弹性剪切系数coefficient of elastic uniform compression 弹性均匀压缩系数coefficient of foundation ditch’s rebound 基坑回弹系数coefficient of friction, μ摩擦系数coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch 水平固结系数coefficient of internal friction 内摩擦系数coefficient of kinematic viscosity 运动黏滞系数coefficient of passive earth pressure, Kp 被动土压力系数coefficient of permeability, k 渗透系数coefficient of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of restitution 恢复系数coefficient of rigidity 刚度系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of seismic effect 地震影响系数coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数coefficient of softening 软化系数coefficient of sorting 分选系数coefficient of stiffness 刚度系数coefficient of subgrade reaction, ks 基床反力系数coefficient of swelling 膨胀系数coefficient of thaw 融化系数coefficient of thaw compression 融化压缩系数coefficient of thaw-subsidence 融沉系数coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数coefficient of thermometric conductivity 导温系数coefficient of thermometric transmission 热渗系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation, cv 垂向固结系数coefficient of viscosity, η黏滞系数coefficient of volume change 体积变化系数coefficient of volumecompressibility 体积压缩系数cofferdam 围堰cofferdam-bracing 围堰支撑cohesiometer 黏度计cohesion, c 黏聚力，内聚力，凝聚力cohesionless soil 无黏性土cohesive soil 黏性土collapse 崩塌，坍陷；湿陷collapse post 陷落柱collapse settlement 坍陷沉降；湿陷量collapsibility 塌陷性；湿陷性collapsibility grading index 分级湿陷collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土collapsible soil 湿陷性土collar (of a drill hole) ( 钻孔)顶；护圈；束套；套环collection station 观测站collector well 集水井colloid fraction 胶粒粒组colloidal particle 胶粒colluvial fan 坡积扇colluvial lobe 坡积舌colluvium 坡积物colonnade foundation 管柱基础colonnade foundation process 管柱基础施工法colour code 颜色代号[码]column 支柱column pile 端承桩，柱桩columnar joint 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combined footing 联合基础combustible/flammable liquid 易燃液体commercial explosives 商业用爆炸品commissioned 受委任的；现役的Commissioner of Mines 矿务处处长commitment 承担额；交托；许诺；约定communal drain 公用排水渠communal service 公用供水系统compacted depth 压实深度，夯实深度compacted fill 压实填土，夯实填土compacted lift 压实分层厚度，夯实分层厚度compacted refuse 经压实的垃圾compacted soil 压实土，夯实土compactibility 可压实性，可夯实性compacting factor 压实系数，夯实系数compacting fraction value 致密化分数值，致密化分式值compaction 压实，夯实，夯压compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibrating roller 振动碾压法compaction characteristic 压实特性compaction curve 击实曲线，压实曲线，夯实曲线compaction device 击实仪compaction mould 击实筒compaction pile 挤密桩compaction test 压实试验，击实试验compactive effort 击实功，压实功compactness 密夯度compactor 夯压机compactor pass (夯压机)压夯遍数，碾压遍数compass 罗盘仪；罗盘，指南针compatibility equation 相容方程compensated foundation 补偿式基础completely decomposed rock 全风化岩石completion certificate 竣工证书complex landslide 复合滑坡compliance criteria 遵从准则，依从准则compliance monitoring 特定监察compliance test 验证试验composite columnar section 综合柱状图composite pile 组合桩composite sliding surface 复合滑动面composite slope 复式边坡Comprehensive Development Area, CDA (土地利用)综合发展地区Comprehensive Feasibility Study 综合可行性研究comprehensive geophysical method 综合物探方法comprehensive prediction 综合预报compressed-air caisson 气压沉箱compressed-air hammer 压缩空气锤compressed-air method (隧道) 气压法compressed-air tamper 压缩空气夯compressibility (of soil or rock) ( 土壤或岩石) 压缩性compressibility ratio 压缩比compressible soil 压缩性土；可压缩土compression 压缩compression and recovery test 压缩和复原试验compression curve 压缩曲线compression index, Cc 压缩指数compression test 压缩试验compression wave, P-wave 压缩波，P 波compression zone 压缩区compressive deformation 压缩变形compressive strain, ε c 压应变compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress, σc 压应力compresso-crushed zone 挤压破碎带computation simulation 模拟计算concentrated load 集中荷载concentration 浓渡concentration factor ( 应力) 集中因子conceptual design 方案设计；概念设计concrete 混凝土concrete batching plant 混凝土厂concrete blockwork wall 混凝土块体墙concrete buttress 混凝土扶壁；混凝土支壁concrete corer 混凝土钻心式切削机concrete cutter 混凝土切削机concrete design 混凝土配合比设计concrete gravity platform 混凝土重力式钻采平台concrete groover 混凝土开槽式切削机concrete mix 混凝土配方concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机concrete paving 混凝土覆盖concrete paving train 混凝土摊铺车concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete pump 混凝土泵concrete tubular pile 混凝土管桩condensation water 凝结水condensed water 凝结水conditions of contract 合约规则；合约章程conditions of tender 招标章程conduit 管道conduit jacking 顶管法cone bearing test 圆锥承重试验cone foundation 锥形基础cone of depression (地下水位) 下降漏斗cone of groundwater influence 水位降落漏斗cone penetration test, CPT 圆锥触探试验，静力触探试验cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement 孔压静力触探试验cone penetrometer 圆锥触探仪；(液限试验) 锥式液限仪cone resistance, qc 圆锥触探头阻力confined aquifer 层间含水层confined compression test 圈闭压缩试验confined scar 封闭断崖，封闭滑坡边崖confined water 层间水confining pressure, σ3 (三轴试验) 侧压，围压conformable bedding 整合层面conglomerate 砾岩connate water 封存水connection 驳喉；接驳consequence of failure 崩塌后果，破坏后果，失稳后果consequence 后果，结果，影响consequence to life category (斜坡)人命后果类别Conservation Area, CA 保留地区Considerate Contractor Site Award Scheme 公德地盘奖励计划consistency 稠度consistency index, CI 稠度指数consistency limits 稠度界限consistency test 稠度试验consolidated anisotropically undrained test, CAU-test 各向不等压固结不排水试验consolidated isotropically undrained test, CIU-test 各向等压固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test, CU-test 固结不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated-drained direct shear test, CD-test 固结排水直剪试验，慢剪试验consolidated-drained triaxial compression test, CD-test 固结排水三轴压缩试验consolidation 固结；加固consolidation apparatus 固结仪consolidation by electro-osmosis 电渗固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation deformation 固结变形consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation test 固结试验consolidation test under constant loading rate 等速率加荷固结试验consolidation test under constant rate of strain 等应变速率固结试试验consolidometer 固结仪constant gradient test 等梯度固结试验constant head permeability test 常水头渗透试验，恒定水头渗透试验constant head permeameter 常水头渗透仪constant head test 恒定水头试验，常水头试验constant pressure device 恒压装置constant rate of penetration test, CRP-test ( 桩工) 等速贯入试验constant rate of uplift test, CRU-test ( 桩工) 等速上拔试验constant volume test 恒体积试验constant-force-amplitude excitation 恒力幅激振constitutive equation 本构方程constitutive law 本构定律constitutive relation 本构关系constrained diameter 限制粒径constrained modulus 侧限模量construction and demolition[C&D]material 拆建物料construction and demolition[C&D]material sorting facility 拆建物料分类设施construction and demolition[C&D]waste 拆建废料construction cost index 建筑费用指数construction fabrics 建筑用织物construction fibers 建筑用纤维construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载Construction Noise Permit 建筑噪音许可证construction sequence 施工顺序Construction Site Safety Handbook 建筑工地安全实务手册construction standard 建筑工程标准；建设标准consultancy agreement 顾问合约consultancy brief 顾问摘要consultant 顾问；顾问公司；工程顾问人员consultant management 顾问管理consultants’ fees 顾问费Consultant’s Remuneration Index, CRI 顾问酬金指数consulting engineer 顾问工程师contact erosion 接触侵蚀contact pressure 接触压力contact scouring 接触面冲蚀contaminated 受污染contaminated dredged material 受污染的疏浚物料contaminated mud 受污染海泥contaminated mud pit 污泥卸置坑continental shelf 大陆架contingency action 应急措施contingency sum 应急费用；拨备金额continual loading test, CL-test 连续加荷固结试验continuing professional development 持续专业发展continuous footing 条形基础，连续基础continuous medium 连续介质continuous sampling 连续取样contour 等高线contour interval 等高距contract 合约，合同，契约contract administration 合约管理contract adviser 合约顾问contract document 合约文件contract management 合约管理contract number 合约编号contract payment 合约支付款项contract period 合约期contract price fluctuation 合约价浮动contractile skin 结合膜contractive soil 收缩性土contractor 承建商；承包商；判头contractor’s superinte ndence 承建商监督contractual arrangement 合约安排contractual claim 合约索偿control countermeasure 防治对策control of geological hazard 地质灾害防治control station[mark][point] 控制点control survey 控制测量controlled blasting (of rock) 控制式(石)爆破，管制爆(石)破controlled gradient (固结试验)控制梯度controlled-stress test 应力控制试验conversion factor 换算系数conversion works 改建工程convex wall 凸形挡土墙conveyor belt 输送带conveyor screw 输送螺旋coordinates 坐标coping 墙帽core 岩芯core barrel 岩芯管，岩芯钻管，岩芯钻筒core drill 岩芯钻core drill rig 岩芯钻机core drilling 岩芯钻探core of the breakwater 防波堤堤芯core recovery 岩芯回收率，岩芯采取率core sample 岩芯core sampler 岩芯取样器core wall 心墙，芯墙corehole 岩芯钻孔，钻孔corestone 芯石，石核corner-points method (应力计算) 角点法correlation analysis 相关分析corrigendum 补遗；更正corrosion 腐蚀；侵蚀；锈蚀corrosion protection 锈蚀防护corrosive water 侵[腐]蚀性水cost estimation 成本预算cost reimbursable item 可发还费用的项目。
岩土工程专业英语
岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method根底工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock 标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层〔台〕glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration海积层〔台〕marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage 喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutonic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水〔台〕confined ground water 泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石构造texture of rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土〔台〕overconsolidated soil红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess 素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, detritus未压密土〔台〕underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土〔台〕normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits 饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density 饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒构造single-grained structure蜂窝构造honeyb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数activity index级配gradation, grading 结合水bound water, bined water, held water 界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical position of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, graininess, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度pactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil 平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的构造soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles 土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度relative paction, pacting factor,percent paction, coefficient of paction絮状构造flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性pressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水〔台〕free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网flow net砂沸sand boil渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution剩余变形residual deformation剩余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio 次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement 次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量elastic modulus弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩层pressed layer压缩模量modulus of pressibility压缩系数coefficient of pressibility压缩性pressibility压缩指数pression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength 最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 次固结secondary consolidation次压缩〔台〕secondary consolidation单向度压密〔台〕one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve井径比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect 潜变〔台〕creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密〔台〕consolidation压密度〔台〕degree of consolidation压缩曲线pression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation有效应力原理principle of effective stress预压密压力〔台〕preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin pression curve 再压缩曲线repression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密〔台〕primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角〔台〕angle of repose不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength剩余摩擦角residual angle of internal friction 剩余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准那么failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined pression strength 有效摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress真摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope 总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model 超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克－普拉格准那么Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯－模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic model割线模量secant modulus广义·米赛斯屈服准那么extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准那么extended tresca yield criterion加工软化work softening加工硬化work hardening加工硬化定律strain harding law剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服准那么Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流变学模型rheological model流动规那么flow rule摩尔－库仑屈服准那么Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model 蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model 屈服面yield surface珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元－中井屈服准那么Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形变理论弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量elastic modulus弹性模型elastic model汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型WeiRulong-Khosla-Wu model文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model 修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层〔台〕substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium加州承载比〔美国〕California Bearing Ratio 局部剪切破坏local shear failure临塑荷载critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressure at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressure at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角〔台〕angle of repose 分析毕肖普法Bishop method分析边坡稳定平安系数safety factor of slope 分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices分析库尔曼法Culmann method分析摩擦圆法friction circle method分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method 分析斯宾赛法Spencer method分析泰勒法Taylor method分析条分法slice method分析土坡slope分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability分析休止角angle of repose分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity波的弥散特性dispersion of waves波速法wave velocity method材料阻尼material damping初始液化initial liquefaction地基固有周期natural period of soil site动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils 动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor 动力性质dynamic properties of soils动强度dynamic strength of soils骨架波akeleton waves in soils几何阻尼geometric damping抗液化强度liquefaction stress孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil损耗角loss angle往返活动性reciprocating activity无量纲频率dimensionless frequency液化liquefaction液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential 液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction应力波stress waves in soils振陷dynamic settlement阻尼damping of soil阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙排水设施挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall垛式挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall后垛墙〔台〕counterfort retaining wall根底墙foundation wall加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩构造物板桩sheet pile物板桩构造sheet pile structure物钢板桩steel sheet pile物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile物钢桩steel pile物灌注桩cast-in-place pile物拉杆tie rod物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall物锚固技术anchoring物锚座Anchorage物木板桩wooden sheet pile物木桩timber piles物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheetpile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit 基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅根底补偿性根底pensated foundation 持力层bearing stratum次层〔台〕substratum单独根底individual footing倒梁法inverted beam method刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 刚性根底rigid foundation高杯口根底根底埋置深度embeded depth of foundation基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction基底附加应力net foundation pressure穿插条形根底cross strip footing接触压力contact pressure静定分析法〔浅根底〕static analysis (shallow foundation)壳体根底shell foundation扩展根底spread footing片筏根底mat foundation浅根底shallow foundation墙下条形根底热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method柔性根底flexible foundation上部构造－根底－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis弹性地基梁〔板〕分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation条形根底strip footing下卧层substratum箱形根底box foundation18. 深根底贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile波动方程分析Wave equation analysis场铸桩〔台)cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉井根底open-end caisson foundation沉箱根底box caisson foundation成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile承台pile caps充盈系数fullness coefficient单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile低桩承台low pile cap地下连续墙diaphgram wall点承桩〔台〕end-bearing pile动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula 端承桩end-bearing pile法兰基灌注桩Franki pile负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles钢桩steel pile高桩承台high-rise pile cap灌注桩cast-in-place pile横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles护壁泥浆slurry coat method回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile静力压桩silent piling抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile摩擦桩friction pile木桩timber piles嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock群桩pile groups群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效应efficiency of pile groups群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups深根底deep foundation竖直群桩横向极限承载力无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile桩piles桩基动测技术dynamic pile test钻孔墩根底drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface paction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting电渗法electro-osmotic drainage 顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement 短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基posite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grouting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩pacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆paction grouting挤密桩paction pile, pacted column挤淤法displacement method加筋法reinforcement method加筋土reinforced earth碱液法soda solution grouting浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method 降低地下水位法dewatering method坑式托换pit underpinning冷热处理法freezing and heating锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic paction人工地基artificial foundation容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground砂桩sand column山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area深层搅拌法deep mixing method渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method 石灰桩lime column, limepile树根桩root pile水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar天然地基natural foundation土工聚合物Geopolymer土工织物geofabric, geotextile土桩earth pile托换技术underpinning technique外掺剂additive旋喷jet grouting药液灌浆chemical grouting预浸水法presoaking预压法preloading真空预压vacuum preloading振冲法vibroflotation method振冲密实法vibro-paction振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column 振冲置换法vibro-replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification, pacting置换率〔复合地基〕replacement ratio重锤夯实法tamping桩式托换pile underpinning桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器根底比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test地基固有周期natural period of soil site动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor 隔振isolation根底振动foundation vibration 根底振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration根底振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration根底自振频率natural frequency of foundation 集总参数法lumped parameter method吸收系数absorption coefficient质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基根底抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地震earthquake, seism, temblor地震持续时间duration of earthquake地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地震反响谱earthquake response spectrum地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor 对数递减率logrithmic decrement刚性系数coefficient of rigidity吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室土工试验比重试验specific gravity test 变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test 不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test常规固结试验routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidation test等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test 反压饱和法back pressure saturation method高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test 各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test共振柱试验resonant column test固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test 固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test环剪试验ring shear test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test 毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial pression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test 筛分析sieve analysis渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined pression strength test无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial pression test压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial pressure test压密试验consolidation test液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit bined method液限试验liquid limit test应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial pression apparatus应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial pression apparatus有机质含量试验organic matter content test 真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test外表波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile 动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test块体共振试验block resonant test螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test旁压试验pressurementer test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement 十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing..-下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore waterpressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final set. . word.zl-。
岩土英文词汇汇总
一综合类01geotechnical engineering岩土工程02foundation engineering基础工程03soil,earth土04soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation黏弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻力shear modulus剪切模量05soil dynamics土动力学06stress path应力路径07numerical geotechanics数值岩土力学二．土的分类01residual soil残积土02groundwater地下水groundwater table,groundwater level地下水位03clay minerals粘土矿物04secondary minerals次生矿物05landslides滑坡06bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图07engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘测08boulder漂石09cobble卵石10gravel砂石11gravelly sand砾砂12coarse sand粗砂13medium sand中砂14fine sand细砂15silty sand粉土16clayey soil黏性土17clay黏土18silty clay粉质黏土19silt粉土20sandy silt砂质粉土21clayey silt黏质粉土22saturated soil饱和土23unsaturated soil非饱和土24fill(soil)填土25overconsolidated soil超固结土26normally consolidated soil正常固结土27underconsolidated soil欠固结土28zonal soil区域性土29soft clay软黏土30expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31peat泥炭32loess黄土33frozen soil冻土三．土的基本物理性质01Atterberg limits阿太堡界限02degree of saturation饱和度03dry unit weight干重度04moist unit weight湿重度05saturated unit weight饱和重度06effective unit weight有效重度07density密度08compactness密实度09maximum dry density最大干密度10optimum water content最优含水量11three phase diagram三相图12tri-phase soil三相土13soil fraction粒组14sieve analysis筛分15hydrometer analysis比重计分析16uniformity coefficient不均匀系数17coefficient of gradation级配系数18fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土19coarse-grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土20Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统21ASCE=American Association Society of Civil Engineering美国土木工程师协会22AASHTO=American Association Sate Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会23ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四．渗透性和渗流01Darcy’s law达西定律02piping管涌03flowing soil流土04sand boiling砂沸05flow net流网06seepage渗透(流)07leakage渗流08seepage pressure渗透压力09permeability渗透性10seepage force渗透力11hydraulic gradient水力梯度12coefficient of permeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形01soft soil软土02(negative)skin friction of driven pile打入桩(负)摩阻力03effective stress有效应力04total stress总应力05field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度06low activity低活性07sensitivity灵敏度08trialxial test三轴试验09foundation design基础设计10recompaction再压缩11bearing capacity承载力12soil mass土体13contact stress(pressure)基础应力(压力)14concentrated load集中荷载15a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16homogeneous均质17isotropic各向同性18strip footing条基19square spread footing方形独立基础20underlying soil(stratum,strata)下卧层(土)21dead load=sustained load恒载持续荷载22live load活载23short-term transient load短期瞬时荷载24long-term transient load长期荷载25reduced load折算荷载26settlement沉降27deformation变形28casing套管29dike=dyke堤(防)30clay fraction黏粒粒组31physical properties物理性质32subgrade路基33well-graded soil级配良好土34poorly-graded soil级配不良土35normal stresses正应力36shear stresses剪应力37principal plane主平面38major(intermediate,minor)principal stress最大(中、最小)主应力39Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库伦破坏准则40FEM=finite element method有限元法41limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42pore water pressure孔隙水压力43preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44modulus of compressibility压缩模量45coefficient of compressibility压缩系数46compression index压缩指数47swelling index回弹指数48geostatic stress自重应力49additional stress附加应力50total stress总应力51final settlement最终沉降52slip line滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水01excavation开挖(挖方)02dewatering(基坑)降水03failure of foundation基坑失稳04bracing of foundation pit基坑围护05bottom heave=basal heave(基坑)底隆起06retaining wall挡土墙07pore-pressure distribution孔压分布08dewatering method降低地下水位法09well point system井点系统10deep well point深井点11vacuum well point真空井点12braced cuts支撑围护13braced excavation支撑开挖14braced sheeting支撑挡板七．深基础——deep foundation01pile foundation桩基础A cast-in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩B balled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pierC precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩D steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩E prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩02caisson foundation沉井(箱)03diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙04friction pile摩擦桩05end-bearing pile端承桩06shaft竖井；桩身07wave equation analysis波动方程分析08pile caps承台(桩帽)09bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10lateral pile load test单桩横向荷载试验11ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12static load test pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14low pile cap低桩承台15high-rise pile cap高桩承台16vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17silent piling静力压桩18uplift pile抗拔桩19anti-slide pile抗滑桩20pile groups群桩21efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数22efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23dynamic pile testing桩动荷载试验24final set最后贯入度25dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26pile intergrity test桩的完整性试验27pile head=butt桩头28pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端(头)29pile spacing桩距30pile plan桩位布置图31arrangement of piles=pile layout桩的布置32group action群桩作用33end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34skin(side)friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35pile cushion桩垫36pile driving(by vibration)(振动)打桩37pile pulling test拔桩试验38pile shoe桩鞋39pile noise打桩噪音40pile rig打桩机八．地基处理——ground treatment01technical code for ground treatment of building地基处理技术规范02cushion垫层法03preloading预压法04dynamic compaction强夯法05dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法06vibroflotation method振冲法07sand-gravel pile砂石桩08gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩09cement-flyash-gravel pile水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11cement column水泥桩12lime pile(lime column)石灰桩13jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩15lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16chemical stabilization化学加固法17surface compaction表层压实法18surcharge preloading超载预压法19vacuum preloading真空预压法20sand wick袋装砂井21geofabric,geotextile土工织物22composite foundation复合地基23reinforcement method加筋法24dewatering method降低地下水固结法25freezing and heating冷热处理法26expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29artificial foundation人工地基30natural foundation天然地基31pillow褥垫32soft clay ground软土地基33sand drain砂井34root pile树根桩35plastic drain塑料排水带36replacement ratio(复合地基)置换率九．固结——consolidation01Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论02Barron’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论03Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论04over consolidation ratio超固结比05overconsolidation soil超固结土06excess pore water pressure超孔压力07multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结08one-dimensional consolidation一维固结09primary consolidation主固结10secondary consolidation次固结11degree of consolidation固结度12consolidation curve固结曲线13consolidation test固结试验14time factor时间因子15coefficient of consolidation固结系数16preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17principle of effective stress有效应力原理18consolidation under KO condition KO固结十．抗剪强度——shear strength01undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度02residual strength残余强度03long-term strength长期强度04peak strength峰值强度05dilatation剪胀06shear strength rate剪切应变速率07effective stress approach of shear strength剪切抗剪强度有效应力法08total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法09Mohr-Coulomb theory摩尔-库伦理论10angle of internal friction内摩擦角11cohesion黏聚力12failure criterion破坏准则13vane strength十字板抗剪强度14unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一．本构模型——constitutive model01elastic model弹性模型02nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型03elastoplastic model弹塑性模型04viscoelastic model黏弹性模型05boundary surface model边界面模型06Duncan-Chang model邓肯-张模型07rigid plastic model刚塑性模型08cap model盖帽模型09work softening加工软化10work hardening加工硬化11Cambridge model剑桥模型12ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13Mohr_Coulomb yield criterion摩尔-库伦屈服准则14yield surface屈服面15elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16elastic modulus弹性模量17Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二．地基承载力——bearing capacity of foundation01punching shear failure冲剪破坏02general shear failure整体剪切破坏03local shear failure局部剪切破坏04state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态05critical edge pressure临塑荷载06stability of foundation soil地基稳定性07ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力08allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三．土压力01active earth pressure主动土压力02passive earth pressure被动土压力03earth pressure at rest静止土压力04Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库伦土压力理论05Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四．土坡稳定性分析——slope stability analysis01angle of repose休止角02Bishop method毕肖普法03safety factor of slope边坡安全系数04Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法05Swedish circle method瑞士圆弧滑动法06slices method条分法十五．挡土墙——retaining wall01stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性02foundation wall基础墙03counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙04cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙05cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙06gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙07anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙08anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六．板桩结构物——sheet pile structure01steel sheet pile钢板桩02reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩03steel piles钢桩04wooden sheet pile木板桩05timber piles木桩十七．浅基础——shallow foundation01box foundation箱型基础02mat(raft)foundation片筏基础03strip foundation条形基础04spread footing扩展基础05compensated foundation补偿性基础06bearing stratum持力层07rigid foundation刚性基础08flexible foundation柔性基础09embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度10net foundation pressure基地附加应力11structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析十八．图的动力性质——dynamic properties of soils01dynamic strength of soils动强度02wave velocity method波速法03material damping材料阻尼04geometric damping几何阻尼05damping ratio阻尼比06initial liquefaction初始液化07natural period of soil site地基固有周期08dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量09dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10liquefaction strength抗液化强度11dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13stress wave in soils土中应力波14dynamic settlement振陷(动沉降)十九．动力机器基础01equivalent lumped parameter method等效集合参数法02dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法03vibration isolation隔振04foundation vibration基础振动05elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论06allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅07natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十．地基基础抗震01earthquake engineering地震工程02soil dynamics土动力学03duration response spectrum地震持续时间04earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱05earthquake intensity地震烈度06earthquake magnitude震级07seismic predominant period地震卓越周期08maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一．室内土工试验01high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验02consolidation under KO condition KO固结试验03falling head permeability变水头试验04constant head permeability常水头渗透试验05unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验06consolidation undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验07consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验08compaction test击实试验09consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10quick direct shear test快剪试验11consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12sieve analysis筛分析13geotechnical model test土工模型试验14centrifugal model test离心模型试验15direct shear apparatus直剪仪16direct shear test直剪试验17direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19dynamic simple test动单剪20free(resonance)vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二．原位测试01standard penetration test(SPT)标准贯入试验02surface wave test(SWT)表面波动试验03dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验04static cone penetration test(SPT)静力触探试验05plate loading test静力荷载试验06lateral load test of pile单桩横向荷载试验07static load test of pile单桩竖向荷载试验08cross-hole test跨孔试验09screw plate test螺旋板荷载试验10pressuremeter test旁压试验11light sounding轻便触探试验12deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13vane shear test十字板剪切试验14field permeability test现场渗透试验15in-situ pore water pressure measurement原位孔隙水压量测16in-situ soil test原位试验。
岩土工程词汇英汉词汇表
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岩土博客
岩土工程中英文词汇表
tectonic analysis 构造分析 trend surface analysis 趋势面分析 analysis of strain 应变分析 analysis of stress 应力分析 analytic balance 分析天平 anchor 锚 cable anchor 索锚 ground anchor 地锚 anchorage 地锚 anchor bolt 锚栓 andesite 安山岩 angle 角，角度 angle of contact 接触角 angle of dilatancy 剪胀角 angle of external friction 外摩擦角 angle of internal friction 内摩擦角 apparent angle of internal friction 表观
内摩擦角 angle of obliquity （应力的〕倾角 angle of repose 休止角 angle of rupture 破裂角 angle of shearing strength 剪切角 angle of true internal friction 真内擦角 slop angle 坡角 anticline 背斜 anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用 apparatus 仪器,设备 box shear apparatus 盒式剪切仪 consolidation apparatus 固结仪 expansion apparatus 膨胀仪
岩土工程专业英语 可删减
岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock次生矿物secondary mineral地质图geological map断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration花岗岩granite化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 解理cleavage矿物硬度hardness of minerals流滑flow slide泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock砂岩sandstone深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone 岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill冻土frozen soil非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt粉质粘土silty clay红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay 无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil,non-cohesive soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency触变thixotropy干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content级配gradation, grading结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity毛细管水capillary water密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit 土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles相对密度relative density, density index 相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台）free water重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 流函数flow function渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation残余变形residual deformation超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密度（台）degree of consolidation压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密（台）primary consolidationK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress 真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion切线模量tangent modulus屈服面yield surface弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层（台）substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressue at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 土压力earth pressure 主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope土坡slope土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting 电渗法electro-osmotic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grounting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩compacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆compaction grouting锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning 排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic compaction人工地基artificial foundation软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test 固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test 慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test 直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test表面波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test 单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile 单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile 动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test 静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final setgabbro 辉长岩geographical mapping 地理勘察；地理测绘geological condition 地质状况geological map 地质图geological mapping 地质勘察；地质测绘geological profile 地质剖面geological survey 地质调查Geology Society of Hong Kong 香港地质学会geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探geostatic stress 地应力geotechnical 岩土；土力geotechnical appraisal 岩土评估；土力评估Geotechnical Area Study Programme 地区岩土研究计划geotechnical assessment 岩土评估；土力评估geotechnical assessment study 岩土评估研究；土力评估研究geotechnical consultant 岩土工程顾问；土力工程顾问geotechnical control 岩土工程管制geotechnical design assumption 岩土设计假定geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察；岩土工程勘探ground feature 地物；地貌ground investigation 土地勘测；土地勘探；探土ground profile 地形；地形剖面；地形切面ground settlement 土地沉降；地陷ground surface 地面ground survey 地面测量grounding electrode 接地电极groundwater catchment 地下水流域groundwater connectivity test 地下水连通实验groundwater discharge 地下水流量；地下水溢流groundwater drainage works 地下水排水工程groundwater flow direction 地下水流向groundwater level 地下水位groundwater monitoring 地下水监测groundwater pressure measurement 地下水水压测试groundwater regime 地下水体系groundwater table fluctuation 地下水位变动karst cave 岩溶洞karst topography 岩溶地形。
岩土工程专业英语
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short岩土专业英语1vane?shear?test|十字板剪切试验|1vane?shear?test|十字板剪切试验a?semi-infinite?elastic?solid|半无限弹性体|a?semi-infinite?elastic?solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO=?American?Association?Stat e?Highway?Officials|美国州公路官员协会|AASHTO=?American?Association?Stat e?Highway?Officials|美国州公路官员协会active?earth?pressure|主动土压力|active?earth?pressure|主动土压力additional?stress|附加应力|additional?stress|附加应力allowable?bearing?capacity?of?foundation?soil|地基容许承载力|allowable?bearing?capacity?of?foundati on?soil|地基容许承载力alluvial?expansive?soil|冲积膨胀土|alluvial?expansive?soil|冲积膨胀土anchored?plate?retaining?wall|锚定板挡土墙|anchored?plate?retaining?wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored?sheet?pile?wall|锚定板板桩墙|anchored?sheet?pile?wall|锚定板板桩墙angle?of?internal?friction|内摩擦角|angle?of?internal?friction|内摩擦角angle?of?repose|休止角|angle?of?repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS?Booleans|布尔运算|ANSYS?Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS?Booleans?Intersect|布尔交运算|ANSYS?Booleans?Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS?Booleans?Overlap|布尔搭接运算|ANSYS?Booleans?Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS?Booleans?Partition|布尔分割运算|ANSYS?Booleans?Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS?Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标|ANSYS?Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS?Cylindrical|柱坐标|ANSYS?Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS?Eigen?Buckling|特征值屈伸分析|ANSYS?Eigen?Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS?Global?Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系|ANSYS?Global?Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS?Global?Cylindrical|柱坐标系|ANSYS?Global?Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS?Global?Spherical|球坐标系|ANSYS?Global?Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS?Grid|网格|ANSYS?Grid|网格ANSYS?Harmonic|谐振分析|ANSYS?Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS?Model|模态分析|ANSYS?Model|模态分析ANSYS?Normal|法向向量|ANSYS?Normal|法向向量ANSYS?Polar|极坐标|ANSYS?Polar|极坐标ANSYS?Spectrum|谱分析|ANSYS?Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS?Spherical|球坐标|ANSYS?Spherical|球坐标ANSYS?Static|静态分析|ANSYS?Static|静态分析ANSYS?Substructuring|子结构分析|ANSYS?Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS?Tolerance|允许偏差|ANSYS?Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS?Transient|瞬态分析|ANSYS?Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS?Trial|坐标轴|ANSYS?Trial|坐标轴ANSYS?Working?Plane?Origin|工作平面原点|ANSYS?Working?Plane?Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide?pile|抗滑桩|anti-slide?pile|抗滑桩arrangement?of?piles|桩的布置|arrangement?of?piles|桩的布置artificial?foundation|人工地基|artificial?foundation|人工地基ASCE=American?Society?of?Civil?Eng ineer|美国土木工程师学会|ASCE=American?Society?of?Civil?En gineer|美国土木工程师学会associated?flow|关联流动|associated?flow|关联流动Atterberg?limits|阿太堡界限|Atterberg?limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s?conso lidation?theory|巴隆固结理论|Barraon’s?consolidation?theory|巴隆固结理论bearing?capacity|承载力|bearing?capacity|承载力bearing?capacity?of?foundation?soil|地基承载力|bearing?capacity?of?foundation?soil|地基承载力bearing?capacity?of?single?pile|单桩承载力|bearing?capacity?of?single?pile|单桩承载力bearing?stratum|持力层|bearing?stratum|持力层belled?pier?foundation|钻孔墩基础|belled?pier?foundation|钻孔墩基础bench?slope|台阶式坡形|bench?slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s?consolidation?theory|比奥固结理论|Biot’s?consolidation?theory|比奥固结理论Bishop?method|毕肖普法|Bishop?method|毕肖普法bore?hole?columnar?section|钻孔柱状图|bore?hole?columnar?section|钻孔柱状图bored?pile|钻孔桩|bored?pile|钻孔桩bottom?heave|（基坑）底隆起|bottom?heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary?surface?model|边界面模型|boundary?surface?model|边界面模型box?foundation|箱型基础|box?foundation|箱型基础braced?cuts|支撑围护|braced?cuts|支撑围护braced?excavation|支撑开挖|braced?excavation|支撑开挖braced?sheeting|支撑挡板|braced?sheeting|支撑挡板bracing?of?foundation?pit|基坑围护|bracing?of?foundation?pit|基坑围护bulk?constitutive?equation|体积本构模型|bulk?constitutive?equation|体积本构模型caisson?foundation|沉井（箱）|caisson?foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge?model|剑桥模型|Cambridge?model|剑桥模型cantilever?retaining?wall|悬臂式挡土墙|cantilever?retaining?wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever?sheet?pile?wall|悬臂式板桩墙|cantilever?sheet?pile?wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap?model|盖帽模型|cap?model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast?in?place|灌注桩|cast?in?place|灌注桩cement?column|水泥桩|cement?column|水泥桩cement?mixing?method|水泥土搅拌桩|cement?mixing?method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal?model?test|离心模型试验|centrifugal?model?test|离心模型试验chemical?stabilization|化学加固法|chemical?stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay?fraction|粘粒粒组|clay?fraction|粘粒粒组clay?minerals粘土|矿物|clay?minerals 粘土|矿物clayey?silt|粘质粉土|clayey?silt|粘质粉土clayey?soil|粘性土|clayey?soil|粘性土coarse?sand|粗砂|coarse?sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent?of?compressibility|压缩系数|coefficent?of?compressibility|压缩系数coefficient?of?consolidation|固结系数|coefficient?of?consolidation|固结系数coefficient?of?gradation|级配系数|coefficient?of?gradation|级配系数coefficient?of?permeability|渗透系数|coefficient?of?permeability|渗透系数coefficient?of?variation|变异系数|coefficient?of?variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible?loess?treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理|collapsible?loess?treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted?expansive?soil|击实膨胀土|compacted?expansive?soil|击实膨胀土compaction?test|击实试验|compaction?test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated?foundation|补偿性基础|compensated?foundation|补偿性基础complex?texture|复合式结构|complex?texture|复合式结构composite?foundation|复合地基|composite?foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility?modulus|压缩摸量|compressibility?modulus|压缩摸量compression?index|压缩指数|compression?index|压缩指数concentrated?load|集中荷载|concentrated?load|集中荷载consolidated?drained?direct?shear?test|慢剪试验|consolidated?drained?direct?shear?test|慢剪试验consolidated?drained?triaxial?test|固结排水试验(CD)|固结排水试验(CD) consolidated?quick?direct?shear?test|固结快剪试验|consolidated?quick?direct?shear?test|固结快剪试验consolidated?undrained?triaxial?test|固结不排水试验(CU)|固结不排水试验(CU)consolidation|?固结|consolidation|?固结consolidation?curve|固结曲线|consolidation?curve|固结曲线consolidation?test|固结试验|consolidation?test|固结试验consolidation?under?K0?condition|?K0固结|consolidation?under?K0?condition|?K0固结constant?head?permeability|常水头渗透试验|constant?head?permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive?equation|本构关系|constitutive?equation|本构关系constitutive?model|本构模型|constitutive?model|本构模型Coulomb’s?earth?pressure?theory|库仑土压力理论|Coulomb’s?earth?pressure?theory|库仑土压力理论counter?retaining?wall|扶壁式挡土墙|counter?retaining?wall|扶壁式挡土墙country?rock|围岩|country?rock|围岩critical?edge?pressure|临塑荷载|critical?edge?pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole?test|?跨孔试验|cross-hole?test|?跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic?loading|周期荷载|cyclic?loading|周期荷载cycling?load|反复荷载|cycling?load|反复荷载damping?ratio|阻尼比|damping?ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s?law|?达西定律|Darcy’s?law|?达西定律dead?load?sustained?load|恒载?持续荷载|dead?load?sustained?load|恒载?持续荷载deep?foundation|深基础|deep?foundation|深基础deep?settlement?measurement|深层沉降观测|deep?settlement?measurement|深层沉降观测deep?well?point|深井点|deep?well?point|深井点deformation|变形deformation?modulus|变形摸量|deformation?modulus|变形摸量deformation?monitoring|变形监测|deformation?monitoring|变形监测degree?of?consolidation|固结度|degree?of?consolidation|固结度degree?of?saturation|饱和度|degree?of?saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering?method|降低地下水固结法|dewatering?method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm?wall|地下连续墙截水墙|diaphragm?wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless?frequency|无量纲频率|dimensionless?frequency|无量纲频率direct?shear|直剪|direct?shear|直剪direct?shear?apparatus|直剪仪|direct?shear?apparatus|直剪仪direct?shear?test|直剪试验|direct?shear?test|直剪试验direct?simple?shear?test|直接单剪试验|direct?simple?shear?test|直接单剪试验direction?arrangement|定向排列|direction?arrangement|定向排列discount?coefficient|折减系数|discount?coefficient|折减系数diving?casting?cast-in-place?pile|沉管灌注桩|diving?casting?cast-in-place?pile|沉管灌注桩domain?effect?theory|叠片体作用理论|domain?effect?theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier?foundation|钻孔扩底墩|drilled-pier?foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry?unit?weight|干重度|dry?unit?weight|干重度dry?weight?density|干重度|dry?weight?density|干重度Duncan-Chang?model|邓肯－张模型|Duncan-Chang?model|邓肯－张模型duration?of?earthquake|地震持续时间|duration?of?earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic?compaction|强夯法|dynamic?compaction|强夯法dynamic?compaction?replacement|强夯置换法|dynamic?compaction?replacement|强夯置换法dynamic?load?test?of?pile|桩动荷载试验|dynamic?load?test?of?pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic?magnification?factor|动力放大因素|dynamic?magnification?factor|动力放大因素dynamic?penetration?test|(DPT)动力触探试验|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic?pile?testing|桩基动测技术|dynamic?pile?testing|桩基动测技术dynamic?properties?of?soils|?土的动力性质|dynamic?properties?of?soils|?土的动力性质dynamic?settlement|振陷（动沉降）|dynamic?settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic?shear?modulus?of?soils|动剪切模量|dynamic?shear?modulus?of?soils|动剪切模量dynamic?strength|动力强度|dynamic?strength|动力强度dynamic?strength?of?soils|动强度|dynamic?strength?of?soils|动强度dynamic?subgrade?reaction?method|动基床反力法|dynamic?subgrade?reaction?method|动基床反力法dynamic?triaxial?test|三轴试验|dynamic?triaxial?test|三轴试验earth?pressure|土压力|earth?pressure|土压力earth?pressure?at?rest|静止土压力|earth?pressure?at?rest|静止土压力earthquake?engineering|地震工程|earthquake?engineering|地震工程earthquake?intensity|地震烈度|earthquake?intensity|地震烈度earthquake?magnitude|震级|earthquake?magnitude|震级earthquake?response?spectrum|地震反应谱|earthquake?response?spectrum|地震反应谱effective?stress|有效应力|effective?stress|有效应力effective?stress?approach?of?shear?strength|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法|effective?stress?approach?of?shear?stre ngth|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective?stress?failure?envelop|有效应力破坏包线|effective?stress?failure?envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective?stress?strength?parameter|有效应力强度参数|effective?stress?strength?parameter|有效应力强度参数effective?unit?weight|有效重度|effective?unit?weight|有效重度efficiency?factor?of?pile?groups|群桩效率系数（η）|efficiency?factor?of?pile?groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency?of?pile?groups|群桩效应|efficiency?of?pile?groups|群桩效应elastic?half-space?foundation?model|弹性半空间地基模型|elastic?half-space?foundation?model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic?half-space?theory?of?foundation ?vibration|基础振动弹性半空间理论|elastic?half-space?theory?of?foundation ?vibration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic?model|弹性模型|elastic?model|弹性模型elastic?modulus|弹性模量|elastic?modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic?model|弹塑性模型|elastoplastic?model|弹塑性模型embedded?depth?of?foundation|基础埋置深度|embedded?depth?of?foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing?pile|端承桩|end-bearing?pile|端承桩engineering?geologic?investigation|工程地质勘察|engineering?geologic?investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent?lumped?parameter?method|等效集总参数法|equivalent?lumped?parameter?method|等效集总参数法equivalent?node?load|等小结点荷载|equivalent?node?load|等小结点荷载evaluation?of?liquefaction|液化势评价|evaluation?of?liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering?method|降低地下水位法|ewatering?method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess?pore?water?pressure|超孔压力|excess?pore?water?pressure|超孔压力expansive?ground?treatment|膨胀土地基处理|expansive?ground?treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive?soil|膨胀土|expansive?soil|膨胀土failure?criterion|破坏准则|failure?criterion|破坏准则failure?of?foundation|基坑失稳|failure?of?foundation|基坑失稳falling?head?permeability|变水头试验|falling?head?permeability|变水头试验fatigue?test|疲劳试验|fatigue?test|疲劳试验Fellenius?method?of?slices|费纽伦斯条分法|Fellenius?method?of?slices|费纽伦斯条分法field?permeability?test|现场渗透试验|field?permeability?test|现场渗透试验field?vane?shear?strength|十字板抗剪强度|field?vane?shear?strength|十字板抗剪强度filling?condition|填筑条件|filling?condition|填筑条件final?set|最后贯入度|final?set|最后贯入度final?settlement|最终沉降|final?settlement|最终沉降fine?sand|细砂|fine?sand|细砂finite?element?method|有限员法|finite?element?method|有限员法flexible?foundation|柔性基础|flexible?foundation|柔性基础floor?heave|底膨|floor?heave|底膨flow?net|流网|flow?net|流网flowing?soil|流土|flowing?soil|流土foundation?design|基础设计|foundation?design|基础设计foundation?engineering|基础工程|foundation?engineering|基础工程foundation?vibration|基础振动|foundation?vibration|基础振动foundation?wall|基础墙|foundation?wall|基础墙fractal?structure|分形结构|fractal?structure|分形结构free?swell|自由膨胀率|free?swell|自由膨胀率freezing?and?heating|冷热处理法|freezing?and?heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration?column?test|自(共)振柱试验|自(共)振柱试验friction?pile|摩擦桩|friction?pile|摩擦桩frozen?heave|冻胀|frozen?heave|冻胀frozen?soil|冻土|frozen?soil|冻土general?shear?failure|整体剪切破化|general?shear?failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic?mode|地质结构模式|geologic?mode|地质结构模式geometric?damping|几何阻尼|geometric?damping|几何阻尼geostatic?stress|自重应力|geostatic?stress|自重应力geotechnical?engineering|geotechnical?e ngineering|geotechnical?engineering||岩土工程geotechnical?model?test|土工模型试验|geotechnical?model?test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly?sand|砾砂|gravelly?sand|砾砂gravity?retaining?wall|重力式挡土墙|gravity?retaining?wall|重力式挡土墙ground?treatment|地基处理|ground?treatment|地基处理ground?treatment?in?mountain?area|山区地基处理|ground?treatment?in?mountain?area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater?level|地下水位|groundwater?level|地下水位groundwater?table|地下水位|groundwater?table|地下水位group?action|群桩作用|group?action|群桩作用high?pressure?consolidation?test|高压固结试验|high?pressure?consolidation?test|高压固结试验high-rise?pile?cap|高桩承台|high-rise?pile?cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic?gradient|水力梯度|hydraulic?gradient|水力梯度hydrometer?analysis|比重计分析|hydrometer?analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic?model|双曲线模型|hyperbolic?model|双曲线模型hysteresis?failure|滞后破坏|hysteresis?failure|滞后破坏ideal?elastoplastic?model|理想弹塑性模型|ideal?elastoplastic?model|理想弹塑性模型in?situ?test|原位测试|in?situ?test|原位测试in-situ?pore?water?pressure?measureme nt|原位孔隙水压量测|in-situ?pore?water?pressure?measureme nt|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ?soil?test|原位试验|in-situ?soil?test|原位试验initial?liquefaction|初始液化|initial?liquefaction|初始液化initial?pressure|初始压力|initial?pressure|初始压力initial?stress?field|初始应力场|initial?stress?field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International?Society?for?Soi l?Mechanics?and?Geotechnical?Enginee ring|?国际土力学与|ISSMGE=International?Society?for?Soi l?Mechanics?and?Geotechnical?Enginee ring|?国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet?grouting|高压喷射注浆法|jet?grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar?texture|层流结构|laminar?texture|层流结构landslide?precasting|滑坡预报|landslide?precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral?load?test?of?pile|单桩横向载荷试验|lateral?load?test?of?pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral?pile?load?test|单桩横向载荷试验|lateral?pile?load?test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral?pressure?coefficient|侧压力系数|lateral?pressure?coefficient|侧压力系数layered?filling|分层填筑|layered?filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light?sounding|轻便触探试验|light?sounding|轻便触探试验lime?soil?pile|灰土挤密桩|lime?soil?pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil?compacted?column|灰土挤密桩|lime-soil?compacted?column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil?compaction?pile|?灰土挤密桩|lime-soil?compaction?pile|?灰土挤密桩limit?equilibrium?method|极限平衡法|limit?equilibrium?method|极限平衡法limiting?pressure|极限压力|limiting?pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction?strength|抗液化强度|liquefaction?strength|抗液化强度live?load|活载|live?load|活载local?shear?failure|局部剪切破坏|local?shear?failure|局部剪切破坏long?term?strength|长期强度|long?term?strength|长期强度long-term?strength|长期强度|long-term?strength|长期强度long-term?transient?load|长期荷载|long-term?transient?load|长期荷载low?activity|低活性|low?activity|低活性low?pile?cap|低桩承台|low?pile?cap|低桩承台material?damping|材料阻尼|material?damping|材料阻尼mathematical?method|数学模型|mathematical?method|数学模型maximum?acceleration?of?earthquake|地震最大加速度|maximum?acceleration?of?earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum?dry?density|最大干密度|maximum?dry?density|最大干密度medium?sand|中砂|medium?sand|中砂modulus?of?compressibility|压缩模量|modulus?of?compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb?failure?condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件|Mohr-Coulomb?failure?condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb?theory|莫尔－库仑理论|Mohr-Coulomb?theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb?yield?criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则|Mohr-Coulomb?yield?criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist?unit?weight|湿重度|moist?unit?weight|湿重度multi-dimensional?consolidation|多维固结|multi-dimensional?consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural?frequency?of?foundation|基础自振频率|natural?frequency?of?foundation|基础自振频率natural?period?of?soil?site|地基固有周期|natural?period?of?soil?site|地基固有周期net?foundation?pressure|基底附加应力|net?foundation?pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear?analysis|非线性分析|nonlinear?analysis|非线性分析nonlinear?elastic?model|非线性弹性模型|nonlinear?elastic?model|非线性弹性模型normal?distribution|?正态分布|normal?distribution|?正态分布normal?stresses|正应力|normal?stresses|正应力normally?consolidated?soil|正常固结土|normally?consolidated?soil|正常固结土numerical?geotechanics|数值岩土力学|numerical?geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional?consolidation|一维固结|one-dimensional?consolidation|一维固结optimum?water?content|最优含水率|optimum?water?content|最优含水率over?consolidation?ration|?(OCR)超固结比| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated?soil|超固结土|overconsolidated?soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation?soil|超固结土|overconsolidation?soil|超固结土passive?earth?pressure|被动土压力|passive?earth?pressure|被动土压力peak?strength|峰值强度|peak?strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical?properties|物理性质|physical?properties|物理性质pile?caps|承台（桩帽）|pile?caps|承台（桩帽）pile?cushion|桩垫|pile?cushion|桩垫pile?foundation|桩基础|pile?foundation|桩基础pile?groups|群桩|pile?groups|群桩pile?headt|桩头|pile?headt|桩头pile?integrity?test|桩的完整性试验|pile?integrity?test|桩的完整性试验pile?noise|打桩噪音|pile?noise|打桩噪音pile?pulling?test|拔桩试验|pile?pulling?test|拔桩试验pile?rig|打桩机|pile?rig|打桩机pile?shoe|桩靴|pile?shoe|桩靴pile?spacing|桩距|pile?spacing|桩距pile?tip|桩端（头）|pile?tip|桩端（头）piles?set?into?rock|嵌岩灌注桩|piles?set?into?rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic?drain|塑料排水带|plastic?drain|塑料排水带plate?loading?test|载荷试验|plate?loading?test|载荷试验Poisson?ratio|泊松比|Poisson?ratio|泊松比poorly-graded?soil|级配不良土|poorly-graded?soil|级配不良土pore?pressure|孔隙压力|pore?pressure|孔隙压力pore?water?pressure|孔隙水压力|pore?water?pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure?distribution|孔压分布|pore-pressure?distribution|孔压分布precast?concrete?pile|预制混凝土桩|precast?concrete?pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated?pressure|先期固结压力|preconsolidated?pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation?pressure|先期固结压力|preconsolidation?pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter?test|旁压试验|pressuremeter?test|旁压试验prestressed?concrete?pile|预应力混凝土桩|prestressed?concrete?pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed?concrete?pipe?pile|预应力混凝土管桩|prestressed?concrete?pipe?pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary?consolidation|主固结|primary?consolidation|主固结primary?structural?surface|原生结构面|primary?structural?surface|原生结构面principal?plane|主平面|principal?plane|主平面principal?stress|主应力|principal?stress|主应力principle?of?effective?stress|有效应力原理|principle?of?effective?stress|有效应力原理probabilistic?method|概率法|probabilistic?method|概率法probability?of?failure|破坏概率|probability?of?failure|破坏概率progressive?failure|渐进破坏|progressive?failure|渐进破坏punching?shear?failure|冲剪破坏|punching?shear?failure|冲剪破坏quick?direct?shear?test|快剪试验|quick?direct?shear?test|快剪试验rammed?bulb?pile|夯扩桩|rammed?bulb?pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil?pile|夯实水泥土桩法|rammed-cement-soil?pile|夯实水泥土桩法random?arrangement|随机排列|random?arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s?earth?pressure?theory|朗金土压力理论|Rankine’s?earth?pressure?theory|朗金土压力理论rebound?index|回弹指数|rebound?index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced?load|折算荷载|reduced?load|折算荷载reinforced?concrete?sheet?pile|钢筋混凝土板桩|reinforced?concrete?sheet?pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement?method|加筋法|reinforcement?method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement?ratio|（复合地基）置换率|replacement?ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual?diluvial?expansive?soil|残坡积膨胀土|residual?diluvial?expansive?soil|残坡积膨胀土residual?soil|残积土|residual?soil|残积土residual?strength|残余强度|residual?strength|残余强度resistance?to?side?friction|侧壁摩擦阻力|resistance?to?side?friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining?wall|挡土墙|retaining?wall|挡土墙rigid?foundation|刚性基础|rigid?foundation|刚性基础rigid?plastic?model|刚塑性模型|rigid?plastic?model|刚塑性模型rolling?compaction|碾压|rolling?compaction|碾压root?pile|树根桩|root?pile|树根桩safety?factor|安全系数|safety?factor|安全系数safety?factor?of?slope|边坡稳定安全系数|safety?factor?of?slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand?boiling|砂沸|sand?boiling|砂沸sand?drain|砂井|sand?drain|砂井sand?wick|袋装砂井|sand?wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel?pile|砂石桩|sand-gravel?pile|砂石桩sandy?silt|砂质粉土|sandy?silt|砂质粉土saturated?soil|饱和土|saturated?soil|饱和土saturated?unit?weight|饱和重度|saturated?unit?weight|饱和重度saturation?degree|饱和度|saturation?degree|饱和度screw?plate?test|螺旋板载荷试验|screw?plate?test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary?consolidation|次固结|secondary?consolidation|次固结secondary?minerals|次生矿物|secondary?minerals|次生矿物secondary?structural?surface|次生结构面|secondary?structural?surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage?force|渗透力|seepage?force|渗透力seepage?pressure|渗透压力|seepage?pressure|渗透压力seismic?predominant?period|地震卓越周期|seismic?predominant?period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow?foundation|浅基础|shallow?foundation|浅基础shear?modulus|剪切摸量|shear?modulus|剪切摸量shear?strain?rate|剪切应变速率|shear?strain?rate|剪切应变速率shear?strength|抗剪强度|shear?strength|抗剪强度shear?strength?of?interlayered?weak?su rface|层间软弱面强度|shear?strength?of?interlayered?weak?su rface|层间软弱面强度shear?strength?of?repeated?swelling?shr inkage|反复胀缩强度|shear?strength?of?repeated?swelling?sh rinkage|反复胀缩强度shear?stresses|剪应力|shear?stresses|剪应力sheet?pile?structure|板桩结构物|sheet?pile?structure|板桩结构物shield?tunnelling?method|盾构法|shield?tunnelling?method|盾构法shinkrage?coefficient|收缩系数|shinkrage?coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage?limit|缩限|shinkrage?limit|缩限short?–term?transient?load|短期瞬时荷载|short?–term?transient?load|短期瞬时荷载sieve?analysis|筛分|sieve?analysis|筛分silent?piling|静力压桩|silent?piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty?clay|粉质粘土|silty?clay|粉质粘土silty?sand|粉土|silty?sand|粉土size?effect|尺寸效应|size?effect|尺寸效应slaking?characteristic|崩解性|slaking?characteristic|崩解性slices?method|条分法|slices?method|条分法slip?line|滑动线|slip?line|滑动线slope?protection|护坡|slope?protection|护坡slope?stability?analysis|土坡稳定分析|slope?stability?analysis|土坡稳定分析soft?clay|软粘土|soft?clay|软粘土soft?clay?ground|软土地基|soft?clay?ground|软土地基soft?soil|软土|soft?soil|软土soil?dynamics|土动力学|soil?dynamics|土动力学soil?fraction|粒组|soil?fraction|粒组soil?mass|土体|soil?mass|土体soil?mechanics|土力学|soil?mechanics|土力学special-shaped?cast-in-place?pile|机控异型灌注桩|special-shaped?cast-in-place?pile|机控异型灌注桩specific?surface|比表面积|specific?surface|比表面积spread?footing|扩展基础|spread?footing|扩展基础square?spread?footing|方形独立基础|square?spread?footing|方形独立基础sshaft?resistance|桩侧阻|sshaft?resistance|桩侧阻stability?analysis|稳定性分析|stability?analysis|稳定性分析stability?of?foundation?soil|地基稳定性|stability?of?foundation?soil|地基稳定性stability?of?retaining?wall|挡土墙稳定性|stability?of?retaining?wall|挡土墙稳定性state?of?limit?equilibrium|极限平衡状态|state?of?limit?equilibrium|极限平衡状态static?cone?penetration|(SPT)??静力触探试验|(SPT) 静力触探试验static?load?test?of?pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验|static?load?test?of?pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel?pile|钢桩|steel?pile|钢桩steel?piles|钢桩|steel?piles|钢桩steel?pipe?pile|钢管桩|steel?pipe?pile|钢管桩steel?sheet?pile|钢板桩|steel?sheet?pile|钢板桩stress?path|应力路径|stress?path|应力路径stress?wave?in?soils|土中应力波|stress?wave?in?soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip?footing|条基|strip?footing|条基strip?foundation|条形基础|strip?foundation|条形基础structural?characteristic|结构特征|structural?characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil?interaction?an alysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析|structure-foundation-soil?interaction?an alysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge?preloading|超载预压法|surcharge?preloading|超载预压法surface?compaction|表层压实法|surface?compaction|表层压实法Swedish?circle?method|瑞典圆弧滑动法|Swedish?circle?method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling?index|回弹指数|swelling?index|回弹指数system?of?engineering?structure|工程结构系统|system?of?engineering?structure|工程结构系统technical?code?for?ground?treatment?of ?building|建筑地基处理技术规范|technical?code?for?ground?treatment?o f?building|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic?structural?surface|构造结构面|tectonic?structural?surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s?consolidation?theory|太沙基固结理论|Terzzaghi’s?c onsolidation?theory|太沙基固结理论thermal?differential?analysis|差热分析|thermal?differential?analysis|差热分析three?phase?diagram|三相图|three?phase?diagram|三相图timber?piles|木桩|timber?piles|木桩time?effcet|时间效应|time?effcet|时间效应time?effect|时间效应|time?effect|时间效应time?factor?Tv|时间因子|time?factor?Tv|时间因子tip?resistance|桩端阻|tip?resistance|桩端阻total?stress|总应力|total?stress|总应力total?stress?approach?of?shear?strength|抗剪强度总应力法|total?stress?approach?of?shear?strength |抗剪强度总应力法。
岩土工程专业外语词汇
A-abrasion action 磨蚀作用abrasives 研磨料；研磨物absolute age 绝对年龄absorbed layer 吸附层absorbed water 吸(附)水absorption limit 吸附界限absorption loss 吸附损失abutment 桥台；坝肩；墩栓；支座abutment wall 桥台翼墙abysmal deposit 深海沉积Accelerated Landslip Preventive Measures Project 加速防止山泥倾泻计划acceptable wave condition 容许波浪条件acceptance of tender 采纳投标书accident investigation 意外调查，事故调查accident loading condition 意外荷载条件accident report 意外事件[故]报告accident statistics 意外[事故]统计(数字) accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验所accumulated deformation 累积变形accuracy 准确度；精度acidic corrosion 酸性侵[腐]蚀acidic igneous rock 酸性火成岩acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验acidity test 酸度试验acid-pickling 酸洗；酸浸Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCP 声波多普勒水流测剖机[仪]acoustic emission monitoring 声辐射监测acoustic exploration 声波勘探acoustic frequency geo-electric field method 声频大地电场法acoustic piezometer 声辐射测压计acoustic prospecting 声波勘探acquisition (土地) 收购；征用acrylamide grouting 丙凝灌浆active clay 活性黏土active earth pressure, pa 主动土压力active fault 活断层；活动断裂active intensity forecasting 活动烈度预测active isolation 积极隔振[离]active mitigation strategies 主动缓解策略active period 活动期，活跃期active stabilizer 活性加固剂active state 主动状态active state of plastic equilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态active water (有侵蚀性)活性水active zone 活动层，膨胀土层activity 活性activity index, A 活性指数additional stress 附加应力additive constant 加常数adhesion 黏着力；黏著作用；内聚力adhesive 胶黏剂，黏结剂adjusted value 平差值，调整值adjustment 调整；调节；调校；(测量) 平差adjustment item 调整项目administrative procedure 行政程序Admiralty Chart 海军图表，航海图admissible load 容许荷载admixture 搀和剂，混合物，搀合物advance works 前期工程adverse geological condition 不良地质情况[条件] Advisory Council on the Environment 环境咨询委员会Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) (斜坡维修) 劝喻信aeolian soil 风积土aeration zone 通气带aeration zone water 通气带水aerated water 饱气水aerial camera/air camera 航空摄影机；空中摄影机aerial mapping 航空填图航空测绘aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量学，空中摄影测量学aerial photograph interpretation, API 航空照片判释[解译]aerial photograph (vertical or oblique) ( 垂直或倾斜) 航空照片，航摄照片aerial photographic survey 航空摄影测量aerial survey/air survey 航空测量，空中测量aerobe 需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating (of rock) ( 岩石) 测年，测定年代ageing 老化agglomerate 集块岩aggregate ( 土壤) 团粒；(混凝土) 骨料aggregate abrasion value 石料耐磨值aggregate impact value 石料冲击强度值agitator 搅拌器A-horizon A层；淋溶层AIEG (Association of International Engineering Geology) 国际工程地质学会air compressor 空气压缩机air content, ac 含气率air jet 喷射气流；喷嘴air permeability 透气性[率]air permeability test 透气性[率]试验air space ratio, Ga 排水气隙比air test 气密试验air void ratio, Gv 气隙比air voids (of a soil) ( 土的)气隙，(土的)空气孔隙air-curtain method 气幕法air-dried soil 风干土air-lift equipment 压缩空气扬水泵air-lock 气闸Airport Core Programme, ACP 机场核心计划air-water 气水面alert criteria 警戒准则alert level 预警水平alignment (pipe alignment) ( 管线)定线；线向；路线alignment survey 定线测量A-line (塑性图) A线all round pressure 周围压[应]力allocation condition 批地条款；分配条件；分配规定allocation plan 批地图allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载能力allowable bearing pressure 容许承载力allowable bearing value 容许承载值allowable deformation 容许变形allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许荷载allowable movement 容许位移allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowable settlement 容许沉降量allowable soil pressure 容许土压力allowable vibration acceleration 容许振动加速度allowance for corrosion loss 预留锈蚀量alluvial (clay, silt, sand) 冲积(黏土、粉土、砂) alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvium 冲积物；冲积层all-weather 全天候alternating load 交变荷载alternating strain 交变应变alternating stress 交变应力alternation 更改；改建；后补；替代alternative design 替代设计altimeter 测高仪altitude 高程，海拔aluminum octahedron 铝八面体ambient pressure 环境压[应]力ambient temperature 环境[介质]温度amendment 修正；改正Amenity (城市规划) 环境美化带[区]amenity area 美化市容地带；市容地带American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard 美国公路及交通正式标准协会American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards 美国试验及材料学会标准amplification factor 放大因子amplitude magnification factor 振幅放大因子amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude ratio 振幅比anaerobe 厌氧菌；厌氧生物anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria 厌氧抗硫酸盐细菌anchor (in slope works) (边坡工程) 锚杆，锚；锚杆支撑anchor block 锚块anchor bolt 锚栓，螺栓anchor cable 锚索anchor pile 锚桩anchor plate 锚板anchor rod 锚杆anchor wall 锚定[固]墙anchorage 锚定[固]作用；地锚anchorage area 锚地；碇泊区anchorage force 锚固力anchorage shear test 锚固剪切试验anchored bulkhead 锚定[固]岸壁；锚定[固]挡壁anchored sheet piling 锚定[固]板桩墙anchoring 锚固ancillary works 附属工程andesite 安山岩andesite tuff 安山凝灰岩anemometer 风速仪；风速表ANFO blasting agent 硝酸铵油渣混合炸药angle of contact ( 弯液面) 接触角angle of dilatancy 剪胀角，扩容角angle of external friction 外摩擦角angle of inclination 倾角angle of internal friction, 内摩擦角angle of obliquity 倾斜角angle of reach 触及坡角angle of repose 休止角angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing resistance 抗剪角，剪切角angle of shearing strength 剪切强度角angle of skin friction 表面摩擦角angle of slope 斜坡坡角，斜坡角度angle of true internal friction 真内摩擦角angle of wall friction, δ 墙摩擦角angular 棱角状的angularity chart 棱角度对比图angularity factor 棱角度因子anidrite 硬石膏anion adsorption 阴离子吸附anion exchange 阴离子交换anisotropic consolidation 各向不等压固结；各向异性固结anisotropic hardening 各向异性硬化anisotropic medium 各向异性介质anisotropic soil 各向异性土a nisotropy 各向异性anthropogenic 受人类影的anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用anti-slide pile 抗滑桩A-parameter 孔隙压力系数Aaperture size 缝隙尺寸aplite 细晶岩apparent angle of internal friction 表观内摩擦角apparent cohesion 表观黏聚力，似黏聚力apparent preconsolidation pressure 表观先期固结压力apparent shearing strength 表观抗剪强度apparent velocity 表观流速approach channel 进出港航道；进出口航道approach road 引路approach velocity 行近流速approved concrete mix 认可混凝土混合料approved contractor 认可承建商approved plan 批准的计划；认可的设计：认可图则approved project estimate 核准工程预算approved suppliers of materials 认可物料供货商apron 护坦，挡板aquiclude 阻水层aquifer 含水层aquitard 弱透水层arch action (in soil) ( 土中)成拱作用Archaeozoic 太古代Archean (年代) 太古代的；(地层) 太古界的arching 拱作用Area Committee 分区委员会area load 面荷载area ratio (取样器) 面积比argillaceous rock 泥质岩；黏土(质)岩arid region 干旱区arithmetical check 运算核对armour (防波堤) 护面；护面块体armour layer 护面层armour rock 护面块石artesian aquifer 承压含水层artesian basin 自流盆地artesian ground water 承压地下水artesian water 承压水；自流水artesian well 自流井articles of agreement 合约细则，协议条款，合约条款artificial ground 人工地基as-constructed drawing 竣工图as-constructed plan 竣工图则aseismatic design 抗震设计aseismic region 无震区asphalt 沥青，柏油asphalt mix design 沥青混凝土配方asphalt paver 沥青摊铺机aspirator 流水抽气器assembly 装置Assessment Panel 评估小组Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong, ACEHK 香港顾问工程师协会Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd. 香港岩土及岩土环境工程专业协会Association of Government Land and Engineering Surveying Officers, AGLESO 政府土地工程测量主任协会Association of Government Local Land Surveyors, AGLLS 政府本地土地测量师协会Association of Government Technical and Survey Officers, AGTSO 政府工程技术及测量主任协会associative flow rule 相关流动法则astronomical tide 天文潮atmospheric water 大气水attenuation 衰减Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude (地质) 产状，构造面位置auger 螺旋钻auger bit 螺旋钻头auger boring 螺旋钻探auger drill 螺旋钻auger pile 螺旋桩Authorized Person, AP 认可人士；获授权人士authority 当局；权力；主管机构authority concerned 有关当局；有关主管机构authority for approval 授权当局；批核当局authorization 批核Authorized Land Surveyor 认可土地测量师authorized marine borrow area 认可挖砂区，已批准的挖砂区autograph 自动缯图仪autographic record 自动记录automatic raingauge 自动雨量计automatic ram pile driver 自动冲锤打桩机auto-telemetering 自动遥测availability of land 可用土地avalanche 山崩；雪崩average maximum wave height 平均最大波高average stress 平均应力axial 轴向axial bearing capacity 轴向承载[压]力axial compression 轴向压缩axial extension test 轴向拉伸试验axial load 轴向荷载；轴压axial pressure 轴向压力axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称azimuth 极方位；极方位角B-back analysis 反演分析back drain 墙背排水设施back osmotic pressure 反渗压力back pressure 反压(力)，倒压back-calculation 反算法，反推法backfill 回填土，回泥；回填backfilling 回填background noise level 背景音量backing concrete 堤背混凝土back-up area 后勤区；后勤用地backward erosion 向源侵蚀，逆向侵蚀backwater effect 回水作用bad land 劣地bagged concrete 袋装混凝土bailer 抽泥筒balance cone (稠度试验) 平衡锥balance in water quantity 水量平衡ballast 道碴；压载balloon densimeter 囊式密度计balloon volumeter 囊式体积仪band drain 排水板，排水肩带banded clay 带状黏土band-shaped prefabricated drain 带状预制排水板bank (of channel) 堤岸；河畔；(航道)边坡banquette 填土；扩坡道barge 卸泥船；趸船；驳船；平底船barging point 趸船转运站barium sulphate test 硫酸钡试验barrel 钻探取样器，(惯称) 巴鲁；桶barrette 方形桩，矩形桩barrier effect ( 桩工) 遮帘作用Barron’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩basalt dyke 玄武岩岩墙base course (路工) 基层base exchange capacity 盐基交换容量base exchange 盐基交换base heave failure 基底隆起破坏base level 基准面base shearing resistance 基底抗剪强度 base tilt factor (地基承载力) 基底倾斜因子baseline 基数；基线basement wall 地下室墙basic igneous rock 基性火成岩basic intensity 基本烈度basin 水槽；港池；盆地；峡basin-range landform 盆峡岭地貌batching and mixing plant(concrete) ( 混凝土)配料及搅拌设备batching plant 混凝土配料机batholith 岩基bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathymetric survey 海深测量bathymetry 海深，海底深度batter leader pile driver 斜导架打桩机batter pile 斜桩batter 倾斜Baumehydrometer 波美比重计beach sand 海滩砂beacon 航标；浮标；灯塔；讯标；立标beam under foundation 地基梁bearing 方位；方向角；支承(座架)bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factor ( 地基) 承载力因子，承载力系数bearing course 承压垫层bearing graph ( 桩工) 反应曲线bearing layer 持力层bearing pile 承重桩，支承桩bearing plate 载荷板bearing stratum 持力层，支承层bearing test 载荷试验bedded rock slope 层状岩石斜坡bedding 层理bedding error ( 试验) 端垫误差bedding layer 垫层bedding plane 层理面bedrock 基岩belled pile 扩底桩belling bucket 扩底挖斗benched foundation 台阶式基础benchmark 水平点bending moment 弯矩bending schedule 弯钢筋表bending strength 抗弯强度benefit analysis 效益分析benthic seabed grab survey 海底抓斗勘测benthic 海底的bentonite 膨润土，膨土岩bentonite liner 膨润土衬垫bentonite slurry 膨润土泥浆berm (on a slope) ( 斜坡)坡级，坡台berm 护道；斜水，(俗称) 坡级bermstone 护脚石berth configuration coefficient 靠泊形状系数berth 码头；泊位berthing 停泊berthing and landing facilities 靠泊及登陆设施berthing condition 靠泊条件；靠泊，靠码头，停泊berthing energy 靠船(撞击)能量berthing load 靠泊荷载berthing reaction 靠泊反力best-estimate parameter 最佳估计参数B-horizon B 层(岩土风化) B积层bias 偏差bias of risk 风险偏向biaxial state of stress 双轴应力状态bilinear model 双线性模型bills of quantities 工料清单；工料报价单binder course (路工) 结合层Bingham model 宾汉模型biological weathering 生物风化Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论biota tissue 生物组织biotite 黑云母bird’s-eye view 鸟瞰图Bishop’s simplified method of slice 毕肖普简化条分法bitumen 沥青bitumen grouting 沥青灌浆blasting works 爆石工程；爆破工程bleeder well 减压井blind catch basin 截留盲井blind drain 盲沟blinding 基础垫层；地基垫层，(俗称) 草鞋底blinding layer 垫层block diagram 三相图block sample 样品，块样blockage 堵塞，淤塞blockage of drain 排水堵塞，渠道淤塞blocking leaking 堵漏blockwork seawall 方块海堤blockwork wall 方块体墙blow count 击数blow-in 涌入；吹入blown sand 风成砂blown tip pile 爆扩桩blows (in SPT) (标准贯入试验) 锤击数blow-up ( 路工) 鼓起bluff 悬崖boat hoist 吊艇body force 体积力body wave 体波bog 沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭boiling 砂沸；翻浆bollard 系船柱bolt 螺栓bolting 栓固bond 契约bonding 黏结；结合力bondsman 保证人bonus payment 奖励付款book clay 带状黏土bookhouse fabric 书堆结构border pile 边桩bored pile 钻孔灌注桩，钻孔桩borehole 钻孔borehole camera 钻孔照相机borehole direct shear device 钻孔直剪仪borehole extensometer 钻孔引伸仪borehole log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图borehole periscope 钻孔潜望镜borehole spacing 钻孔间距borehole specimen 钻孔土样borehole surveying 钻孔勘察borescope ( 桩工) 钻孔检查显示器boring (for ground investigation) (地基勘探) 钻探boring bit 钻头boring by percussion 冲击钻进boring casing 钻探套管boring frame 钻架boring log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图boring machine 钻孔机boring rig 钻探机，钻机boring rod 钻杆borrow area 取土区；挖泥区；采料场borrow pit 取土坑Boston blue clay 波士顿蓝黏土bottom dump 经舱底卸置，舱底式卸置bottom heave 坑底隆起，底鼓bottom pressure 底压力bottom-dump barge 开底运泥船boulder 漂石，孤石，漂砾，散石，砾石，巨砾boulder clay 漂石黏土boulder fall 砾石下坠，孤石崩落，孤石下坠，巨砾泻落boulder fence 防石栏Boulder Field Inventory 富孤石区目录bouldery colluvium 砾石坡积物bound water 吸附水，结合水boundary condition 边界条件boundary element 边界元boundary element method 边界元法boundary mark 界址标记boundary wall 边界墙Bourdon gauge 布尔登压力计Boussinesq solution 布西涅斯克解Boussinesq theory 布西涅斯克理论box caisson 沉箱box culvert 盒形暗渠，箱涵，箱形涵洞box foundation 箱型基础box pile 箱型桩 B-parameter 孔隙压力系数B braced excavation 支撑开挖braced sheeting 支撑挡板bracing 支撑；加劲bracing arrangement ( 基坑开挖) 支撑装置Brazilian test 巴西试验，劈裂试验break damage 干裂破坏break line 倾斜变换线；折线breakdown pressure 破碎压力breaking strain 断裂应变breaking stress 断裂应力breaking wave 破碎波breakwater 防波堤breast wall 胸墙breccia 角砾岩bridge abutment 桥台briefing session 简报会briefly frozen soil 暂短冻土British Standards, BS 英国标准British Standards Institution, BSI 英国标准协会brittle failure 脆性破坏brittle fracture 脆裂brittleness index 脆性指数brooming (木)桩碎裂，(木)桩头碎裂Brownian movement 布朗运动bucket 链斗；斗；桶斗；铲斗；车斗桶；勺bucket auger 勺钻bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船bucket ladder dredger 链斗挖掘船buckling 压曲，弯曲，弯折，屈曲；侧胀Building (Administration) Regulations 建筑物(管理)规例Building (Construction) Regulations 建筑物(建造) 规例building Authority 建筑事务监督building code 建筑守则，建筑规范Building Management Committee, BMC 大厦管理委员会Buildings Ordinance 建筑物条例built-in component 嵌入部份bulb pile 球根桩building Authority 建筑事务监督building code 建筑守则，建筑规范Building Management Committee, BMC 大厦管理委员会Buildings Ordinance 建筑物条例built-in component 嵌入部份bulb pile 球根桩bulging (of ground) ( 土地) 隆起bulk check 整体检查bulk compressibility 体积压缩性bulk density 体密度bulk explosives 浆状炸药bulk modulus 体积模量bulk sample 体样bulk shrinkage 体缩bulk unit weight 体积单位重量；体容重bulk weight 体重量bulk volume 扩张体积bulkhead 岸壁，挡墙bulking factor 体积扩张系数；体积系数bulking 体胀，胀大bulldozer 推土机；铲泥车bund 堤壆；壆；田基buoy 浮标buoyancy 扬压力，浮力buoyant density, ρ' 浸没密度，浮密度buoyant foundation 浮筏基础buoyant pile 浮桩；摩擦桩buoyant unit weight, γ' 浮容重；浮重度burette 滴定管Burgers model 伯格模型buried karst 埋藏型岩溶，潜伏岩溶buried pile cap 低桩承台buried structure 埋入式结构物buried water-carrying services 地下带水管道bursting 破裂，爆裂bus bay 巴士停车处；巴士停车场bus lay-by 巴士站；巴士停车场butt 桩头；对接buttress 扶墙，扶壁，支撑墙，支壁buttressed retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙buttressed wall 扶垛墙C-cable percussion boring 钢绳冲击钻探cable tool drill 钢绳冲击钻cadastral plan 地籍图cadastral survey 地籍测量cage of reinforcement 钢筋笼caisson 沉箱，挖孔桩caisson foundation 沉箱基础caisson wall 挖孔桩挡土墙，沉箱挡土墙，沉箱墙calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous tufa 石灰华calcite 方解石calculated self-weight collapse 计算自重湿陷量calculation model 计算模型calculous soil 砾质土calendar day 历日calibrate/calibration 校准[正]；校定calibration test 标定试验；校准[正]试验California Bearing Ratio, CBR 加州承载比calling for tender 招标calorimetric method 量热法Cambrian (年代) 寒武纪；(地层) 寒武系Cambridge Model 剑桥(本构)模型camkometer 剑桥旁压仪cantilever footing 悬臂式基础cantilever pile 悬臂桩cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式档土墙cantilever sheet piling 悬臂式板桩墙cantilevered footpath 悬臂式行人径cap 护顶；桩帽；桩顶；帽；柱帽cap model 帽盖模型high capacity road 高流量的道路capblock 桩帽capillarimeter 毛细管仪capillarity 毛细管作用capillary action 毛细管作用capillary fringe 毛细管水上升边缘capillary head 毛细管水头capillary height, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillary pressure 毛细管水压力capillary rise, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary tension 毛细管水张力cathodic protection 阴极防蚀cathodic protection system 阴极防蚀系统cation exchange 阳离子交换cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量causative fault 发震断裂cavern 洞穴；岩洞Cavern Project Study, CAPRO 「岩洞计划」研究cavernous marble 含溶洞大理石cavernous rock 多孔岩石caving 坍落cavity (岩溶) 溶洞；空隙；洞穴cavity expansion theory 空穴膨胀论cell pressure ( 三轴试验) 围压；(压力盒) 盒压；(旁压仪) 腔压cellular bulkhead 格型岸壁cellular cofferdam 格型围堰cellular retaining wall 格状挡土墙C-horizon C 层，母质层cellular steel sheet pile 格状钢板桩chunam 灰泥，(俗称) 朱南cellular texture 网格组织chunam cover 灰泥护面，(俗称) 朱南护面cement 水泥；胶结材料；胶合剂；胶水chunk sample 块状试样cement grouting 水泥灌浆churn drill 旋冲钻cement injection 水泥灌注[浆]churn drilling 冲击钻进cement mortar 水泥砂浆cinder 炉渣；矿渣；火山渣cementation 胶结作用circle of stress 应力圆cemented soil 胶结土circular arc analysis 圆弧分析法cementing agent 胶结剂circular foundation 圆形基础cement-stabilized soil 水泥加固土circular frequency 圆频率cement-treated-soil grout 水泥土(灌)浆circular road 环回公路Central Tender Board 中央投标委员会circular slip surface ( 土壤力学) 圆弧滑动面centrifugal model test 离心模型试验characteristic compressive strength 特性抗压强度clayey sand 黏质砂土characteristic load 特征荷载clayey silt 黏质粉土，黏质粉砂characteristic strength 特性强度claystone 黏土岩Chart Datum, CD 海图基准面clean-out auger 清孔钻chartered engineer 特许工程师clearance 清理；清拆charting 海图制图clearance application 清拆申请chaser 送桩器clearance programme 清拆计划checking of design record 核对设计记录cleavage ( 岩石) 劈理；(矿物) 解理checking certificate 审核证书cliff 悬崖，峭壁checklist 核对表；检查单climatic effect 气候效应chemical churning pile 旋喷桩climatic environment 气候环境chemical grouting 化学灌浆clinometer 测斜仪，倾角仪chemical injection process 化学注液法clogging 淤塞chemical stabilization 化学加固closed conduit 暗管chemical weathering 化学风化closed system 封闭系统chequer plate 棋格板closing error 闭合差chimney drain ( 坝工) 竖向截水体closure of road 封闭道路chloride content 氯化物含量cloup 漏斗；灰岩坑；落水洞chopping bit 冲击钻头cluster structure 团粒结构，团状结构coagulant 凝聚剂coagulation 凝聚作用coagulator 促凝剂coal gangue 煤矿石coefficient of rigidity 刚度系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of seismic effect 地震影响系数coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数coefficient of softening 软化系数coefficient of sorting 分选系数coefficient of stiffness 刚度系数coefficient of subgrade reaction, ks 基床反力系数coefficient of swelling 膨胀系数coefficient of thaw 融化系数coefficient of thaw compression 融化压缩系数coefficient of thaw-subsidence 融沉系数coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数coefficient of thermometric conductivity 导温系数coefficient of thermometric transmission 热渗系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation, cv 垂向固结系数coefficient of viscosity, η 黏滞系数coefficient of volume change 体积变化系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数cofferdam 围堰cofferdam-bracing 围堰支撑cohesiometer 黏度计cohesion, c 黏聚力，内聚力，凝聚力cohesionless soil 无黏性土cohesive soil 黏性土collapse 崩塌，坍陷；湿陷collapse post 陷落柱collapse settlement 坍陷沉降；湿陷量collapsibility 塌陷性；湿陷性collapsibility grading index 分级湿陷collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土collapsible soil 湿陷性土collar (of a drill hole) ( 钻孔)顶；护圈；束compactor pass (夯压机)压夯遍数，碾压遍数compass 罗盘仪；罗盘，指南针compatibility equation 相容方程compensated foundation 补偿式基础completely decomposed rock 全风化岩石completion certificate 竣工证书complex landslide 复合滑坡compliance criteria 遵从准则，依从准则compliance monitoring 特定监察compliance test 验证试验composite columnar section 综合柱状图composite pile 组合桩composite sliding surface 复合滑动面composite slope 复式边坡Comprehensive Development Area, CDA (土地利用)综合发展地区Comprehensive Feasibility Study 综合可行性研究comprehensive geophysical method 综合物探方法comprehensive prediction 综合预报compressed-air caisson 气压沉箱compressed-air hammer 压缩空气锤compressed-air method (隧道) 气压法compressed-air tamper 压缩空气夯compressibility (of soil or rock) ( 土壤或岩石) 压缩性compressibility ratio 压缩比compressible soil 压缩性土；可压缩土compression 压缩compression and recovery test 压缩和复原试验compression curve 压缩曲线compression index, Cc 压缩指数compression test 压缩试验compression wave, P-wave 压缩波，P波compression zone 压缩区compressive deformation 压缩变形compressive strain, εc 压应变compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress, σc 压应力compresso-crushed zone 挤压破碎带conformable bedding 整合层面conglomerate 砾岩connate water 封存水connection 驳喉；接驳consequence of failure 崩塌后果，破坏后果，失稳后果consequence 后果，结果，影响consequence to life category (斜坡)人命后果类别Conservation Area, CA 保留地区Considerate Contractor Site Award Scheme 公德地盘奖励计划consistency 稠度consistency index, CI 稠度指数consistency limits 稠度界限consistency test 稠度试验consolidated anisotropically undrained test, CAU-test 各向不等压固结不排水试验consolidated isotropically undrained test, CIU-test 各向等压固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test, CU-test 固结不consolidated-drained direct shear test, CD-test 固结排水直剪试验，慢剪试验consolidated-drained triaxial compression test, CD-test 固结排水三轴压缩试验consolidation 固结；加固consolidation apparatus 固结仪consolidation by electro-osmosis 电渗固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation deformation 固结变形consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation test 固结试验consolidation test under constant loading rate 等速率加荷固结试验consolidation test under constant rate of strain 等应变速率固结试试验consolidometer 固结仪constant gradient test 等梯度固结试验constant head permeability test 常水头渗透试验，恒定水头渗透试验constant head permeameter 常水头渗透仪constant head test 恒定水头试验capillary water (土中)毛细管水capital cost 基本建设费用capital works contract 基本工程合约Capital Works Reserve Fund, CWRF 基本工程储备基金capital works 基本建设工程capped yield model 盖帽屈服模型capping (工程) 封顶capping piece 压檐木capture fisheries 捕捞渔业carbonaceous mudstone 钙质泥岩Carboniferous 石炭纪；(地层) 石炭系cardboard drain 纸板排水；排水纸板cardhouse fabric 片架组构cargo working/handling area 货物装卸区Carlson stress meter 卡尔逊应力计cartographic 制图的；地图的Casagrande’s soil classification 卡萨格兰德土壤分类法case history 工程实录case study 实例研究cased borehole 套管钻孔cased pile 套管桩casing 套管cast iron 铸铁，生铁cast-in fixing bolt 预埋锚栓casting 浇铸，铸件casting yard/basin 浇灌场cast-in-place pile 灌注桩cast-in-situ 原地铸造；就地浇筑cast-in-situ pile 灌注桩cataclasis 碎裂cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的Catalogue of Slopes 斜坡目录，斜坡纪录册catastrophic prediction 灾变预测catch-drain 截水暗沟catchment 集水区catchment area 流域[集水][汇水]面积；集水区；引集范围catchpit 集水井；排水井；聚泥坑；集水坑；截流井catchwater 引水道categories of cost 费用类别circulation 循环；环流；浚通centrifuge moisture equivalent, CME 离心含水当量classical earth pressure theory 经典土压力理论centrifuge test 离心试验classification and index tests 分类及指标数试验ceramic filter 陶瓷过滤器classification test (土壤力学) 分类试验certificate of completion 完工证明书clastic flow 碎屑流certified true copy 核实副本；经核证无误的副本；认证文本clastic structure 碎裂屑结构clay binder 黏土胶结物chain bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船clay blanket ( 水工) 黏土铺盖；(隧道) 黏土护层chain sounding 链式水深测量clay content 黏土含量chainage 链测长度；链程clay fraction 黏土粒粗chainman 丈量员clay grouting 黏土灌浆chalk 白垩clay loam 黏质壤土chalky clay 白垩黏土clay mineral 黏土矿物chamber 池；室；小房间clay onion-skin bond 黏粒葱皮黏结channel 渠道；沟渠；排水沟；海峡；航道；水道clay partings 黏土夹层channel of flow 水流汇聚；引集水流clay platelet 黏土片晶channelization ratio 沟豁比clay puddle 黏土膏；黏土坑；胶土channelized debris flow 沿沟泥石流，沟豁控制的泥石流clay shale 黏土质页岩clay stratum 黏土层characteristic 特性clay-cement grouting 黏土水泥灌浆coarse aggregate 粗粒料coarse ash tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coal tar epoxy 煤焦油环氧树脂coarse fraction content 粗粒组含份量coarse grained soil 粗粒土coarse particle 粗粒，粗颗粒coarse sand 粗砂coastal habitat 海岸栖息地coastline 海岸线coated pile 涂面桩coaxiality 共轴性cobble 卵石，鹅卵石；中砾code 规范；守则code of practice 作业规范；工作守则coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka 主动土压力系数coefficient of adhesion 黏附系数coefficient of attenuation 衰减系数coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility, av 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation, cv 固结系数coefficient of consolidation for radial flow 径向固结系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数coeffficient of curvature 曲率系数coefficient of deformation 变形系数coefficient of dynamic viscosity 动力黏滞系数coefficient of earth pressure at rest, Ko 静止土压力系数coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression 弹性非均匀压缩系数coefficient of elastic shear 弹性剪切系数coefficient of elastic uniform compression 弹性均匀压缩系数coefficient of foundation ditch’s rebound 基坑回弹系数coefficient of friction, μ 摩擦系数coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch 水平固结系数coefficient of internal friction 内摩擦系数coefficient of kinematic viscosity 运动黏滞系数coefficient of passive earth pressure, Kp 被动土压力系数coefficient of permeability, k 渗透系数coefficient of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of restitution 恢复系数套；套环collection station 观测站collector well 集水井colloid fraction 胶粒粒组colloidal particle 胶粒colluvial fan 坡积扇colluvial lobe 坡积舌colluvium 坡积物colonnade foundation 管柱基础colonnade foundation process 管柱基础施工法colour code 颜色代号[码]column 支柱column pile 端承桩，柱桩columnar joint 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combined footing 联合基础combustible/flammable liquid 易燃液体commercial explosives 商业用爆炸品commissioned 受委任的；现役的Commissioner of Mines 矿务处处长commitment 承担额；交托；许诺；约定communal drain 公用排水渠communal service 公用供水系统compacted depth 压实深度，夯实深度compacted fill 压实填土，夯实填土compacted lift 压实分层厚度，夯实分层厚度compacted refuse 经压实的垃圾compacted soil 压实土，夯实土compactibility 可压实性，可夯实性compacting factor 压实系数，夯实系数compacting fraction value 致密化分数值，致密化分式值compaction 压实，夯实，夯压compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibrating roller 振动碾压法compaction characteristic 压实特性compaction curve 击实曲线，压实曲线，夯实曲线compaction device 击实仪compaction mould 击实筒compaction pile 挤密桩compaction test 压实试验，击实试验compactness 密夯度compactor 夯压机computation simulation 模拟计算concentrated load 集中荷载concentration 浓渡concentration factor ( 应力) 集中因子conceptual design 方案设计；概念设计concrete 混凝土concrete batching plant 混凝土厂concrete blockwork wall 混凝土块体墙concrete buttress 混凝土扶壁；混凝土支壁concrete corer 混凝土钻心式切削机concrete cutter 混凝土切削机concrete design 混凝土配合比设计concrete gravity platform 混凝土重力式钻采平台concrete groover 混凝土开槽式切削机concrete mix 混凝土配方concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机concrete paving 混凝土覆盖concrete paving train 混凝土摊铺车concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete pump 混凝土泵concrete tubular pile 混凝土管桩condensation water 凝结水condensed water 凝结水conditions of contract 合约规则；合约章程conditions of tender 招标章程conduit 管道conduit jacking 顶管法cone bearing test 圆锥承重试验cone foundation 锥形基础cone of depression (地下水位) 下降漏斗cone of groundwater influence 水位降落漏斗cone penetration test, CPT 圆锥触探试验，静力触探试验cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement 孔压静力触探试验cone penetrometer 圆锥触探仪；(液限试验) 锥式液限仪cone resistance, qc 圆锥触探头阻力confined aquifer 层间含水层confined compression test 圈闭压缩试验confined scar 封闭断崖，封闭滑坡边崖confined water 层间水confining pressure, σ3 (三轴试验) 侧压，围压constant pressure device 恒压装置constant rate of penetration test, CRP-test ( 桩工) 等速贯入试验constant rate of uplift test, CRU-test ( 桩工) 等速上拔试验constant volume test 恒体积试验constant-force-amplitude excitation 恒力幅激振constitutive equation 本构方程constitutive law 本构定律constitutive relation 本构关系constrained diameter 限制粒径constrained modulus 侧限模量construction and demolition[C&D]material 拆建物料construction and demolition[C&D]material sorting facility 拆建物料分类设施construction and demolition[C&D]waste 拆建废料construction cost index 建筑费用指数construction fabrics 建筑用织物construction fibers 建筑用纤维construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载Construction Noise Permit 建筑噪音许可证construction sequence 施工顺序Construction Site Safety Handbook 建筑工地安全实务手册construction standard 建筑工程标准；建设标准consultancy agreement 顾问合约consultancy brief 顾问摘要consultant 顾问；顾问公司；工程顾问人员consultant management 顾问管理consultants’ fees 顾问费Consultant’s Remuneration Index, CRI 顾问酬金指数consulting engineer 顾问工程师contact erosion 接触侵蚀contact pressure 接触压力contact scouring 接触面冲蚀contaminated 受污染contaminated dredged material 受污染的疏浚物料contaminated mud 受污染海泥contaminated mud pit 污泥卸置坑continental shelf 大陆架contingency action 应急措施contingency sum 应急费用；拨备金额continual loading test, CL-test 连续加荷固结试验continuing professional development 持续专业发展continuous footing 条形基础，连续基础continuous medium 连续介质continuous sampling 连续取样contour 等高线contour interval 等高距contract 合约，合同，契约contract administration 合约管理contract adviser 合约顾问contract document 合约文件contract management 合约管理contract number 合约编号contract payment 合约支付款项contract period 合约期contract price fluctuation 合约价浮动contractile skin 结合膜contractive soil 收缩性土contractor 承建商；承包商；判头contractor’s superintendence 承建商监督contractual arrangement 合约安排contractual claim 合约索偿control countermeasure 防治对策control of geological hazard 地质灾害防治control station[mark][point] 控制点control survey 控制测量controlled blasting (of rock) 控制式(石)爆破，管制爆(石)破controlled gradient (固结试验)控制梯度controlled-stress test 应力控制试验conversion factor 换算系数conversion works 改建工程convex wall 凸形挡土墙conveyor belt 输送带coordinates 坐标coping 墙帽core 岩芯core barrel 岩芯管，岩芯钻管，岩芯钻筒core drill 岩芯钻core drill 岩芯钻core drill rig 岩芯钻机core drilling 岩芯钻探core of the breakwater 防波堤堤芯core recovery 岩芯回收率，岩芯采取率core sample 岩芯core sampler 岩芯取样器core wall 心墙，芯墙corehole 岩芯钻孔，钻孔corestone 芯石，石核corner-points method (应力计算) 角点法correlation analysis 相关分析corrigendum 补遗；更正corrosion 腐蚀；侵蚀；锈蚀corrosion protection 锈蚀防护corrosive water 侵[腐]蚀性水cost estimation 成本预算cost reimbursable item 可发还费用的项目Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论Coulomb’s law 库仑定律counter drain 堤脚排水沟counter ion 反离子counter-bore 扩孔钻counterfort 后扶垛counterfort drain 排水扶垛counterfort retaining wall 扶垛式挡土墙counterweight fill 压重填土coupled vibration 耦合振动covalent bond 共价键covered conduit 暗沟covered footbridge 有盖行人天桥covering layer 覆盖层crack 裂缝crack deformation 裂缝变形cradle 承船架；船台承架；船承台架；托架；吊篮craftsman 技工crane 起重机credible debris flowpath 可能的泥石[岩屑]流通道[轨迹]creep 蠕变，徐变；蠕动creep limit 蠕变极限creep rate 蠕变速率critical state model 临界状态模型cut and cover method ( 隧道) 明挖法critical state soil mechanics 临界状态土力学cut-and-fill 挖填critical state strength 临界状态强度cut-off drain 排水截槽critical surface 临界面cut-off level 截止高程critical void ratio 临界孔隙比cut-off trench 截水沟crooked zone 弯曲带cut-off wall 截水墙；齿墙crop 露头cut slope (soil cut slope, rock cut slope) 削坡(削土cross bedding 交错层理坡；削石坡)cross border control facilities 过境管制设施cutter suction dredger 拖桨吸式挖泥船；铰吸式挖cross mouthed drill 十字形钻泥船cross section 横切面；横断面；横剖面，剖面cutting edge 刃脚cross sensitivity 正交测斜灵敏度cutting jet 切割射流cross-flow force 水流横向力cutting ring 环刀crosshole method 跨孔法cuttings of boring 钻屑cross-sectional area 横切面面积cycle of vibration 振动循环cyclic change 周期改变cross-stratification 交错层理cyclic degradation 周期衰化Crown Land Ordinance 官地条例cyclic load test 周期载荷试验crown (of landslide) (滑坡) 断崖顶cyclic loading 周期荷载crushed stone 碎石cyclic simple shear test 周期单剪试验crushing and screening plants 轧筛机cyclic strain softening 周期应变软化core drill rig 岩芯钻机continental shelf 大陆架。
岩土英文词汇
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1…andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneo us loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pse udo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a speci men20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of speci men and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1…andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engi neering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
岩土工程专业英语
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short岩土专业英语1vane shear test|十字板剪切试验a semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engin eer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD)consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU)consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strengt h|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundation vi bration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineerin g| 国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low activity|低活性low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile spacing|桩距pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surfa ce|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrin kage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interaction anal ysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of b uilding|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation s oil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singl e pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数yield surface|屈服面zonal soil|区域性土岩土工程专业英语词汇岩土工程专业外语（硕士）一. 综合类1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程2. foundation engineering基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dynamics土动力学6. stress path应力路径7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil残积土groundwater level 地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3. clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8. boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand粗砂13. medium sand中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand粉砂16. clayey soil粘性土17. clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. unsaturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25. overconsolidated soil超固结土26. normally consolidated soil正常固结土27. underconsolidated soil欠固结土28. zonal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31. peat泥炭32. loess黄土33. frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc compression index2. cu undrained shear strength3. cu/p0′ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0′(cu/p0)NC, (cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test5. e0 natural void ratio6. Ip plasticity index7. K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28. K0’domain for effective stressesσ1‘ andσ2’9. K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclicloading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh, kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13. N blow count, standard penetration test14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure, from oedemeter test16. p0′ effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18. qu unconfined compressive strength19. U, Um degree of consolidation, subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. σ1,σ2 principal stresses,σ1′andσ2′denote effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24. degree of saturation饱和度25. dry unit weight干重度26. moist unit weight湿重度27. saturated unit weight饱和重度28. effective unit weight有效重度29. density密度30. compactness密实度31. maximum dry density最大干密度32. optimum water content最优含水量33. three phase diagram三相图34. tri-phase soil三相土35. soil fraction粒组36. sieve analysis筛分37. hydrometer analysis比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39. coefficient of gradation级配系数40. fine-grained soil (silty and clayey) 细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42. Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44. AASHO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45. ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy’s law达西定律2. piping管涌3. flowing soil流土4. sand boiling砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage渗透（流）7. leakage渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. seepage force渗透力11. hydraulic gradient水力梯度12. coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6. low activity低活性7. sensitivity灵敏度8. triaxial test三轴试验9. foundation design基础设计10. recompaction再压缩11. bearing capacity承载力12. soil mass土体13. contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load集中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16. homogeneous均质17. isotropic各向同性18. strip footing条基19. square spread footing方形独立基础20. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21. dead load =sustained load恒载(持续荷载)22. live load活载23. short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24. long-term transient load长期荷载25. reduced load折算荷载26. settlement沉降27. deformation变形28. casing套管29. dike=dyke堤（防）30. clay fraction粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil级配不良土35. normal stresses正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. principal plane主平面38. major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=finite element method有限元法41. limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孔隙水压力43. preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility压缩模量45. coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46. compression index压缩指数47. swelling index回弹指数48. geostatic stress自重应力49. additional stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. final settlement最终沉降52. slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1. pile foundation桩基础1) cast –in-place灌注桩diving casing cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3) precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10. lateral load test of pile单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity of single pile单桩竖向容许承载力14. low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling静力压桩18. uplift pile抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile抗滑桩20. pile groups群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24. final set最后贯入度25. dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spacing桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group action群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35. pile cushion桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37. pile pulling test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39. pile noise打桩噪音40. pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion垫层法3. preloading预压法4. dynamic compaction强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method振冲法7. sand-gravel pile砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column水泥桩12. lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization化学加固法17. surface compaction表层压实法18. surcharge preloading超载预压法19. vacuum preloading真空预压法20. sand wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foundation复合地基23. reinforcement method加筋法24. dewatering method降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation人工地基30. natural foundation天然地基31. pillow褥垫32. soft clay ground软土地基33. sand drain砂井34. root pile树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1. Terzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2. Barraon’s consolid ation theory巴隆固结理论3. Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4. over consolidation ratio (OCR)超固结比5. overconsolidated soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9. primary consolidation主固结10. secondary consolidation次固结11. degree of consolidation固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1. undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余强度3. long-term strength长期强度4. peak strength峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10. angle of internal friction内摩擦角11. cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression strength无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型。
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专业外语一。
综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic found粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径二．土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土三．土的基本物理力学性质1.c c Compression index2.c u undrained shear strength3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective overburden stress p0(c u/p0)NC,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated andoverconsolidated, respectively4.c vane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.I p plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ do main for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulatinginstantaneous loading or an undrained conditionK0d K0coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a11.pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count ,standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test18.q u unconfined compressive strengt h19.U,U m degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and meanvalue, respectively21.w0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 四．渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage (force) pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.hydraulic gradient水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力total stress总应力4.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度5.low activity低活性6.sensitivity灵敏度7.triaxial test三轴试验8.foundation design基础设计9.recompaction再压缩10.bearing capacity承载力11.soil mass土体12.contact pressure接触应力13.concentrated load集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体15.homogeneous均质16.isotropic各向同性17.strip footing条基18.square spread footing方形独立基础19.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）20.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载21.live load活载22.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载23.long-term transient load长期荷载24.reduced load折算荷载25.settlement沉降deformation变形26.casing套管27.dike=dyke堤（防）28.clay fraction粘粒粒组29.physical properties物理性质30.subgrade路基31.well-graded soil级配良好土32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土33.sieve筛子34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件35.FEM=finite element method有限元法36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数42.swelling index回弹指数43.geostatic stress自重应力44.additional stress附加应力45.total stress总应力46.final settlement最终沉降47.slip line滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水1.excavation开挖（挖方）2.dewatering（基坑）降水3.failure of foundation基坑失稳4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6.retaining wall挡土墙7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8.dewatering method降低地下水位法9.well point system井点系统（轻型）10.deep well point深井点11.vacuum well point真空井点12.braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑开挖braced sheeting支撑挡板七．深基础deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩end-bearing pile端承桩5.(pile)shaft桩身6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析7.pile caps承台（桩帽）8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力13.low pile cap低桩承台14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力16.silent piling静力压桩17.uplift pile抗拔桩18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩19.pile groups群桩20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术23.final set最后贯入度24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验26.pile head=butt桩头27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）28.pile spacing桩距29.pile plan桩位布置图30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置31.group action群桩作用32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻34.pile cushion桩垫35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）36.pile pulling test拔桩试验37.pile shoe桩靴38.pile noise打桩噪音39.pile rig打桩机八．地基处理（ground treatment）1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩pile-stone column砂石桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩10.cement column水泥桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩12.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法14.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法16.surface compaction 表层压实法17.surcharge preloading超载预压法vacuum preloading真空预压法18.sand wick袋装砂井19.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基21.reinforcement method加筋法22.dewatering method降低地下水固结法23.freezing and heating冷热处理法24.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理25.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理26.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理27.artificial foundation人工地基natural foundation天然地基28.pillow褥垫29.soft clay ground软土地基30.sand drain砂井31.root pile树根桩32.plastic drain塑料排水带33.stone column碎石桩gravel pile碎石桩34.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九．固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor T v时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十．抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变强度6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter十一.本构模型constitutive method1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure the ory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method十五.挡土墙retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七.浅基础shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有强度8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振幅十九.动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test(SPT) 标准灌入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-site soil test 原位试验-over-。