初中英语动词用法学习指导

初中英语动词用法学习指导17(动词语态)

音乐教育被动语态动词语态分类：英语教学

第二章动词语态

一、动词语态的定义及分类

语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。

英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：

1.I have repaired the radio. 我修好了收音机。（主动语态）

The radio has been repaired. 收音机被修好了。（被动语态）

2.The students cleaned the classroom. 学生们打扫了教室。（主动语态）

The classroom was cleaned by the students. 教室被学生们打扫了。（被动语态）

3.They will build some buildings in two years.两年后他们将要建一些大楼。（主动语态）

Some buildings will be built in two years.两年后将要建一些大楼。（被动语态）

二、被动语态的构成：

动词被动语态由“助动词be +动词过去分词”构成，它有各种时态的变化，动词被动语态的时态变化是通过助动词be的时态变化来完成的。初中阶段我们重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时及情态动词的被动语态构成及用法，并对其他时态的被动语态构成及用法有大致的了解。

一般现在时被动语态构成：am(is, are)+动词过去分词

一般过去时被动语态构成：was(were)+ 动词过去分词

一般将来被动语态构成：will be+动词过去分词

过去将来时被动语态构成：would +动词过去分词

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现在完成时被动语态构成：have/has been+动词过去分词

过去完成时被动语态构成：had been+动词过去分词

现在进行时被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+动词过去分词

过去进行时被动语态构成：was/were+动词过去分词

情态动词被动语态构成：情态动词+be+动词过去分词(情态动词有时态变化)

三、主动语态变成被动语态的方法

1.将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。

I made the cakes last night.

The cakes were made by me last night.

2.含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：

①He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）

②Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）

3.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：

They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning 4.带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：

①We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．He

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cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．

②They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．

5.短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：

We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．

6.含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：

People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）

四．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：

被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：

History is made by the people．The people make history．

五、被动语态的应用

1.不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时，或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。

①The glass was broken last night.玻璃昨天被打破了。

②His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被偷了。

③He was asked to go there once more. 他被要求再去那儿一次。

④The bag was put into the box.袋子放在了箱子里。

2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。

①The plan has been sent to the headmaster. 计划已经送给校长了。

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②Kilinton was elected the President of U.S.A.克林顿被选为美国总统。

③Five people were hurt in the explosion.五个人在这次爆炸中受伤。

④A new building was set up in a short time.新大楼短期就建

成了。

3.被动语态也可以说出动作的执行者，构成如下：

动作承受者+ be + 过去分词+ by + 动作执行者。

①The picture was praised by everybody.照片得到了大家的好评。

②The classroom was cleaned by us.教室被我们打扫过。

③The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi. 这座桥是山西的工人建的。

④The little boy was found by the police.小孩被警察找到了。

注：不能用于被动语态的情况

①某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。

My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。

My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？

Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。

This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。