虚拟语气思维导图
梁璟思维导图：英语中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从 句中的运用
• 用法：在suggestion、proposal、idea、 plan、advice等名词后面的表语、同位语从 句中要用虚拟语气 • 结构（should）+动词原形do，其中， should可被省略
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3Leabharlann 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
• 用法：主要运用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从 句中，其结构为相应动词+that+（should）+动词原形，其中， should可以被省略 • 识记口诀：一坚持（insist）；二命令（）；三建议（）；四要 求（）。 • 需注意的特殊用法 – suggest在句中表示“暗示，表明”的意义时，不用虚拟语 气 – insist在句中译为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不需使用虚拟 语气
英语中的虚拟语气
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英语中的语气
• 陈述语气 • 疑问语气 • 虚拟语气：在英语句子中，表述事实与真 实情况相反或者表示说话人的假设或者愿 望类的句子，往往被称为虚拟语气。
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虚拟语气在条件句中的运用
• 句意与过去事实相反，从句部分谓语用过去完成时，主句部分谓语为 would、could、should、might+have done • 句意与现在事实相反，从句部分谓语用一般过去时，主句部分谓语为 would、could、should、might+do • 句意与将来事实相反，从句部分谓语有三种情况1.一般过去时； 2.should+do； 3.were to +do;，主句部分谓语为would、could、 should、might+do • 条件句中的错综虚拟语气：此时，条件句和主句部分谓语依句意及具 体时间而定
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图
v1.0 可编辑可修改高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
新高考英语语法填空分类强化：语法填空之虚拟语气专练(思维导图+三年真题+最新模拟)
新高考英语语法填空分类强化（思维导图+三年真题+最新模拟）专题14 语法填空之虚拟语气专练一、【虚拟语气思维导图】距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！二、【虚拟语气十年真题】1.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t _____(be) where I am.2.（2019·江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________(have) a good time together.3. （2019·天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.4.（2018·江苏）It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.5.（2018·江苏）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved.6. （2018·天津）I can't find my purse. I could ___________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.7.（2018·北京）They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.8.（2018·天津）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach9.（2017·北京卷）If the new safety system _______(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.10.（2017·江苏卷）_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.11.（2017·天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday.12.（2016·北京）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________(tell) me, I could have helped.13. （2016·天津）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would _________(injure).14.（2016·浙江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths would not _______(fall) since their highest in 2005.15.(2015﹒重庆)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t __________(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.16.(2015﹒天津)I needn’t ___________(worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.17.(2015﹒天津)I wish I ______(be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.18.(2015﹒福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it's too bad. You should ____ (make) e full preparations.19.(2014﹒福建)________ there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.20.(2013﹒北京)If we ______(book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.21.(2013﹒福建)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?—No. If so, he ____________(drive) his car to our college yesterday.22. The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures__________ （take）by thegovernment.23.(2013﹒江苏)I should not have laughed if I ______(think) you were serious.24.(2013﹒天津)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______(be) able to speak it much better now25.(2013﹒浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam __________(be) at the age of six months old.26.(2013﹒陕西)The children ______(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.
对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
I wish (that) I would\could go.
在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
2、If+主语+were to+动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.
主语+would（could should might）+动词原型
错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
1.条件暗含在短语中；
2.条件暗含在上下文中；
3.虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。
例：原句：1: If she were younger,she,would do it.
高中英语思维导图：虚拟语气
推测将来
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他如些努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。
It's (high/about) time (that)...
It is hiol. 你该去上学了。
虚拟现在 虚拟过去 推测将来
If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now. 如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。
条件从句的动作 或行为和主句的 动作或行为发生 的时间不一致
错综时间条件句
Without your help,we couldn't have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能成功。
would rather+宾语成句
虚拟现在或将来
I would rather they didn't know the news. 我宁愿他们不知道那个消息。
虚拟过去
I would rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。
It is important/necessary/ urgent/essential...that...
If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exams. 如果你听了我的建议，你就能通过考试了。
If you succeeded/should succeed/were to succed, everything would be all right. 如果你成功的话，一切都会好的。
一张图搞定虚拟语气用法，简单又好记！
一张图搞定虚拟语气用法，简单又好记！
英语中表示假设的语句称为虚拟语句。
虚拟语句由:条件句（If......）+主句即预想情况句组成。
有以下三种假设情况：对过去进行假设、现在进行假设、对未来进行假设。
下面分别举一个例子：
1）对过去假设
If I hadn’t take a taxi, I wouldn’t have got my class on time this morning .
2)对现在假设
If you missed the game tonight, you would feel sorry.
3)对未来假设
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
注意：
1）If条件句中禁止出现would。
2）条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，但是需要倒装。
如：Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
综上所述，下面用一张表格总结虚拟语气三种情况的用法。
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
（事实：不知能否下雪）3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
13-虚拟语气(导图版)
●●●自学贴士●●● 本章重要性：XX 重点掌握部分：虚拟语气的结构、从句中 的虚拟语气 了解部分： 特殊虚拟语气 建议自学学时：80 分钟
wish 的虚拟语气 I wish I knew both English and French. 我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了。
if only 的虚拟语气 if only 表示“但愿” “要是„„，就好了”它的用法和 wish 基本相同。 动词过去式表示一种意愿或假设。 would+动词原形表示一种一时很难实现的愿望 If only I had more time to think about it. 但愿我有更多的时间考虑它。
虚拟语气的结构 从句（有 if 的那句） 与现在事 实相反 与过去事 实相反 与将来事 实相反 过去式 If I had„„ 主句 should/would+动词原形
例句： 1. 与现在事实相反 If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun. 假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。 If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal. 我要是你，我就要重新考虑他们的建议。 注意：If I was you 在口语中可以用，但是在书面语中（考试中）必须书写 if I were you. What would you do if you were in his position? 要是你处在他的位置，你会怎么办？ 2. 与过去事实相反 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。 If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake. 她要不是停了你的劝告，就要犯大错了。 3. 与将来相反的假设 If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. 万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一试。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 4. 介词短语表示的假设条件 Without air, there would be no wind or clouds. 没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。 5. 连结词 if 的省略 Had he not been ill, he might have come. 要不是生病，他是会来的。 Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 3. 从句中的虚拟语气：从句谓语动词是原形或 should do！ （1）主语从句 It is necessary that 有必要„„ It is important that 重要的是„„ It is suggested that 有人建议„„ It is requested that 人们要求„„ It is recommended that 有人推荐„„ It is demanded that 根据要求„„ It is necessary that he (should) be there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。 （2）宾语从句 He commanded that we (should) attack the enemy at once. 他命令我们马上向敌人进攻。 （3）同位语和表语从句 My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia. 我建议派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚。
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：1． I .如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）2． I .如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3． .如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4． I .如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况1. I , I .如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）2． a .如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测1 .如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：来的可能性很小）2． a .如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
（事实：不知能否下雪）3． .如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
【典型例题】1） I , I .A. B.C. D.2） , 't . (2010年湖南卷)A. B.C. D.3） . , I . (2010年天津卷)A. B.C. D.4） , . (2010年陕西卷)A. B.C. D.5）— .—. a , ! . (2010年北京卷)A. 'tB. 'tC. 'tD. 'tⅡ例句：1. I , I .如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
2. , I .假若有必要，我会去的。
3. . 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
4. ’t ; .我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
5. I . I .我那天很忙。
否则我会来帮你的。
6. , ’t .没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
7. .如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。
【典型例题】1） a , a . (2001年上海春季卷)A. B.C. D.2） , . (2009年安徽卷)A. B.C. D.3） , I . (2009年福建卷)A. B.C. D.4） , Yangpu BridgeA. B. C. D.5） ,A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.7） ,A. . C. D.8） ,A. B. C. D.9） ,A. B. C. D.10） ,A. B. C. D. ’tⅢ1：; ; ; ; ; ;2:一条建议：两道命令：三条建议：四点要求： .3例句：他坚持说他是个学生2. .他的表情暗含着他很担心。
虚拟语气思维导图 PPT
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It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （should）+动词原形
我们很有必要/重要掌握一门外语
It is important / necessary that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
did/were wish + that clause had done
would / might //could do
我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish I remembered the address.
要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）
I wish he had not left. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） I wish it would rain tomorrow.
虚拟语气表主观愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
Ⅰ
1.wish 引导的从句
2. if only引导的从句
虚 绝 3.as if/even if引导的从句 拟对 语 条 4. would rather + 气件
5. it is high time that
6. It is necessary that 7.suggest 等词后的that
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
这类名词罕有的有：demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,necessity,proposal,plan,idea.
去if：Were she younger,she,would do it.
2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him
3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
2.暗示与曩昔事实相反,谓语动词用曩昔完成时.
He spoke as if he had known about it.
3．暗示与未来事实相反,(暗示未来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词本相
He acts as if he could win in the game .
留意：1.若或人愿本身做某事,would rather后用动词原型
2.would rather…..than……顶用动词原型
I would rather do it by myself.
Iwouldratherwatch TV at homethango to the cinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）If I had time, I would attendthe meeting.主语+would(should couldmight)+动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词If he had hurried ,he couldhave caught the train.主语+would（should couldmight）+have+动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形If I were to go abroad ,I wouldgo to America.主语+would（could shouldmight）+动词原型错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。
1.条件暗含在短语中；2.条件暗含在上下文中；3.虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。
虚拟语气思维导图之欧阳治创编
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表Ⅰ虚拟情况If条件句主句欧阳治创编 2021.03.10 欧阳治创编 2021.03.10与现在事实相反If+主语+V过主语+（would; could; should; might）+V原与过去事实相反If+主语+had+ V过分主语+（would; could; should; might ）have +V过与将来事实可能相反If+主语+V过主语+（would; could; should; might）+V原Should+V原Wereto+V原例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：欧阳治创编 2021.03.10 欧阳治创编 2021.03.101．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）欧阳治创编 2021.03.10 欧阳治创编 2021.03.102.表示与过去事实相反的情况1.If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测欧阳治创编 2021.03.10 欧阳治创编 2021.03.101.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
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高中英语虚拟语气思维导图
知识总表
Ⅰ
虚拟情况If条件句主句
与现在事实相反If+主语+V过主语+（would; could; should; might）+V原
与过去事实相反If+主语+had+ V过分主语+（would; could; should; might ）have +V过
主语+（would; could; should; might）+V原
与将来事实可能相反If+主语+V过
Should+V原
Wereto+V原
例句：
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）
2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）
2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：来的可能性很小）2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
（事实：不知能否下雪）
3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
Ⅱ
例句：
1.Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
2. Should it be necessary, I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。
3. Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
4. We didn’t know his telephone number; other wise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
5. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。
否则我会来帮你的。
6. Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
7. But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。
Ⅲ
1：necessary; strange; important; insist; suggest; order; natural
2:一条建议：insist 两道命令：order command 三条建议：suggest advise propose 四点要求：demand require desire ask .
suggestion order proposal demand
Ⅳ
例句：
1. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。
(事实：我根本比不上你)
2. I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。
（事实：那时还不知道）
3. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。
（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
Ⅴ
例句：
1）I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
2）I'd rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
3）We'd rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿
4）I would rather you went next Sunday. 我情愿你下周日走。
5）I would rather you hadn't done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。
Ⅵ
It's high time that he went / should go to bed. 到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。
【典型例题】
1）It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold
B. held
C. have held
D. had held
2）It is high time you ____ to school
A. will go
B. would go
C. went
D. had gone。