英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1.主语(subject): 句⼦说明的⼈或事物,是句⼦叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本⾝有词义,但不能单独⽤作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
常见的系动词有:1)状态系动词:be (am is are was were…)2)持续系动词:keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3)表像系动词:seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4)感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste,5)变化系动词:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6)终⽌系动词:prove, turn out, "证实"4.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3)双宾语-----间宾(指⼈)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1)宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补⾜语。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 5)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分及英语句子结构讲解及总结练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从结构上分:1.简单句2.并列句〔并列复合句〕3.复合句〔主从复合句〕1〕名词性从句:〔1〕主从(2)宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2〕形容词性从句定从〔限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句〕副词性从句〔状从〕简单句的五种根本句型五种句子的根本结构,主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语〔间宾直宾〕主谓复合宾语〔宾+宾补〕主语〔subject〕:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
Thesunrisesintheeast. 〔名词〕Helikesdancing. 〔代词〕Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving. 〔动名词〕Toseeistobelieve. 〔不定式〕Whatheneedsisabook.〔主语从句〕Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.〔It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish. Helikesplayingthegames.表语〔predicative〕:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisate acher.〔名词〕Fiveandfiveisten.〔数词〕Heisasl eep.〔形容词〕Hisfath erisin.〔副词〕Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.〔形容词化的分词〕Towearafloweristos ay “I’mpoor,Ican〔不’定式tbuy〕aring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome .〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词feel(摸起来,sound〔听起有:be来〕,look〔看起来〕,taste〔尝、吃起来〕,smell 〔闻起来〕keep,stay,remain〔保持,仍是〕get,become,turnfeel〔感觉〕...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundsswee t.Tomlooksth in.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen .NowIfeeltired.第1页共14页宾语:1〕动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina. 〔名词〕Hehatesyou.〔代词〕Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.〔数词〕Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou. 〔动名词〕Ihopetoseeyouagain.〔不定式〕Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? 〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake? Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕和直宾〔指物〕Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语(predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone missing lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 5)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习18028
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1。
主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing。
(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing。
(动名词)To see is to believe。
(不定式) What he needs is a book。
(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree。
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom。
② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult。
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall。
A。
don't B。
like C. picture D。
wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A。
get B。
longer C。
days D。
英语句子成分句子结构讲解及练习含答案
英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解及练习1主语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. 〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant isround and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态与特征。
He is a teacher. 〔名词〕Seventy-four! You don’t look it.〔代词〕Five and five is ten. 〔数词〕He is asleep. 〔形容词〕His father is in. 〔副词〕The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.〔形容词化的分词〕To wear a flower is to say “I’mpoor, I can’t buy a ring. 〔不定式〕The question is whether they willcome. 〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词有: be, sound〔听起来〕, look〔看起来〕, feel(摸起来,smell〔闻起来〕, taste〔尝、吃起来〕, remain第1 页〔保持,仍是〕, feel〔感觉〕 ...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.宾语:1〕动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. 〔名词〕He hates you. 〔代词〕How many do you need We need two. 〔数词〕We should help the old and thepoor.I enjoy working with you. 〔动名词〕I hope to see you again. 〔不定式〕Did you write down what he said〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词与动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are manyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕与直宾〔指物〕He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。
The sun rises in the east (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)(练习)指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,放在主语的后面。
也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
We study English. He works in a factory.(练习). 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don’t like the picture on the wall.A. don’tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast3. 表语(predicative):用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,放在系动词的后面。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习
Hewalkedthe dog every day.( walk及物动词,“遛”)
Shewashesclothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)
The clotheswasheswell.(wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如:
Helivesquite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)
Ilikereading.(like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)
Iboughta pen yesterday.(bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)
所以能够看出,常见的助动词为do, be, have,它们为基本助动词。
一个词既能够作实义动词也能够作助动词,具体是哪一种,主要看它们在句中的功能。
Hedidhis homework at seven o’clock.(did单独作谓语,意为“做”,是实义动词。)
Didhedohis homework yesterday? (did是助动词,协助构成一般疑问句,do是实义动词,意为“做”,是实义动词。)
被动关系:
从逻辑关系上看,相当于被动语态。如:The house builtlast year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子)从逻辑上讲,the house was built,房子被建,相当于被动语态,是被动关系。
在上两题中,逻辑关系能够表达为:This kind of food tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious.逻辑上food和taste、smell是一种主谓关系,是主动语态,所以填现在分词。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词,具体是哪一种,主要看它们在句中的功能。
Hedidhis homework at seven o’clock.(did单独作谓语,意为“做”,是实义动词。)
Didhedohis homework yesterday? (did是助动词,帮助构成一般疑问句,do是实义动词,意为“做”,是实义动词。)
这种说法是错误的。
非谓语中的主动关系和被动关系,不是从谁做了这个动作着眼,而是从恢复成一句话后是“主动语态”还是“被动语态”着眼。
主动关系:
从逻辑关系上看,相当于主动语态。如:The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那边哭的那个男孩)从逻辑上讲,the boy…cry,男孩哭,相当于主动语态,是主动关系。
帮助构成被动语态的
Treesareplanted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
The househas beenpulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词。)
帮助构成虚拟语气
If hehadcome yesterday, I wouldn’thavemade sucha mistake.(had,have帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词,属于谓语的一部分。)
注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。如:
The meetingbeganat six.<vi.>
Webeganthe meeting at six.<vt.>
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(表示主语的身份--性质)He is ill. 他病了。
(表示主语的状态)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题(最新整理)
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词She came..主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.(There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾名/代--动词--名/代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open 是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
Hewalkedthe dog every day.(walk及物动词,“遛”)
Shewashesclothes at home。(wash及物动词,“洗”)
The clotheswasheswell。(wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)
Ihave beenpainting all day。(have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时,和painting一起作谓语,都是助动词。)
帮助构成否定句和疑问句的:
Doeshe like English?(does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
Hedoesn't have lunch at home。(does只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
我记得那天看见过他。
10。I saw him walked into the building。
我看到他跑进那座建筑物.
5.主动关系和被动关系
先看下面两个题:
1.______wonderful,this kind of food enjoyed a good sale。
A. TastedB。Being tasted
帮助构成被动语态的
Treesareplanted in spring.(are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
The househas beenpulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词。)
帮助构成虚拟语气
If hehadcome yesterday,I wouldn’thavemade sucha mistake。(had,have帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词,属于谓语的一部分。)
英语句子成分和构架讲解分析划分与练习及答案
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does()helike()swimming?
ii.Hedoes()like()swimming.
iii.Wheredoes()helive()?
句子结构及成分
1相关概念
1.词性的英文缩写
在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性
n.noun名词
v.verb动词
vt.transitiveverb及物动词
vi.intransitiveverb不及物动词
10.Isawhimwalkedintothebuilding.
我看到他跑进那座建筑物。
5.主动关系和被动关系
先看下面两个题:
1.______wonderful,thiskindoffoodenjoyedagoodsale.
2.A.TastedB.Beingtasted
3.C.TastingD.Havingtasted
Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney.他让我借给他一些钱。
“me”是宾语,“metolendhimsomemoney”意为“我借给他一些钱”。从意思上看,这像一句话,“我”是主语,“借给他一些钱”是谓语部分,但在英语原句中,它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可以说“逻辑上的主谓关系”,是指,从意思上看像主谓关系,而实际上不是。“tolendhimsomemoney”是宾语补足语。
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或|句子We study in HuangQiao MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象。
同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词.形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句子He works very hard.》They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词短语等She always keeps the houseclean.主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!^简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词She came..主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry.#The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名/代--动词--名/代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.@相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
'如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。
如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。
He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) //He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) /The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)8、同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。
如:Where is your classmate Tom (你的同学汤姆在哪里)主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)《What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's h elp is very difficult.谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.《(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when sum mer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by busA. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)*You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)常见连系动词1.“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。
常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。
2.例如: The story sounds true.3.4.Those oranges taste good star.2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。
这类连系动词强调“持续”。
常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。
例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridgeIt will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。
这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等。
例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语{② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to le arn about it.① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如:I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need We need two. (数词)[I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语《① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。