被动语态翻译
被动语态翻译
1.最近，关于这个问题作了一次调查，结果如下。
(conduct)A survey has just been conducted about the issue recently, and findings are as follows.2.他们认为家庭作业帮助他们复习和练习课上所学的内容。
(teach)They think homework helps review and practice what has been taught in class.3.人们建议会议应该被推迟。
(suggest, put off)It’s suggested that the meeting should be put off.4.说实话，我们所犯的一些错误是本能够避免的。
(avoid)To tell the truth, many mistakes we made could have been avoid.5.这一观点现在正受到越来越多人的质疑。
(question)This view is now being questioned by more and more people.6.我们都知道可以采取很多措施来解决这个问题。
(take)We all know that many stops can be taken to solve the problem.7.伟业非一日之功。
(Rome, build)Rome was not built in a day.8.紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态恶化。
(take measures to)It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to prevent the situation from worsing.9.必须保证每天有8小时的睡眠。
(guarantee.)Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.10.他们知道计划将在下周实施。
译汉第七讲英语被动语态的的翻译
2、In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟悉政治和科 学领域的最新发展变化，并能源源不断地为观 众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
另外，下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻 译:
It is asserted that …有人主张…；
It is believed that …有人认为…；
It is generally considered that …大家(一般 人)认为…；
As oil is often found in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译
[<]
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
10
被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
被动语态翻译
被动语态翻译被动语态是英语语法中常用的一种语态。
在被动句中，动作的承受者（即主动句中的宾语）成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者（即主动句中的主语）则成为被动句中的介词短语（通常由介词“by”引导）或省略掉。
被动语态常用于强调动作的接收者或者操纵者的不重要性。
下面是一个关于被动语态的例子：主动语态：John wrote the article.翻译：约翰写了这篇文章。
被动语态：The article was written by John.翻译：这篇文章是约翰写的。
被动语态在以下情况下常常被使用：1. 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。
例如：The car was repaired.（这辆车已经修好了。
）2. 当我们想强调动作的承受者或结果时。
例如：The book was written by a famous author.（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
）3. 当我们想避免重复使用主动句中的主语时。
例如：The tickets were sold out quickly.（这些票很快就卖光了。
）4. 在科学或者学术写作中，常使用被动语态来描述实验或研究结果。
例如：The data was collected and analyzed.（数据已被收集和分析。
）被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成方式为：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, been, being） + 过去分词（V-ed）。
例如：主动语态：She opens the door.被动语态：The door is opened by her.被动语态也可以用于不同时态和不同人称，只需要根据上述构成方式进行相应的变化。
例如：主动语态：They will finish the project.被动语态：The project will be finished by them.被动语态的使用需要根据上下文和语境来决定，不适合所有情况。
现在完成时被动语态例句及翻译
现在完成时被动语态例句及翻译1.Over time I have been changeda lot.随着时间的推移，我已经改变了很多。
2.Thave been usedin offices and homes since the 1970s.自20世纪70年代以来，它就被用于办公室和家庭。
3.I never forget anything I have been told.我从来不会忘记别人告诉我的任何事情。
4.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for it.自20世纪70年代以来，人们为它找到了许多新的应用。
5.I have also been putinto robots.我也被投入到机器人中。
6.I haveevenbeen putinto space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.我甚至被送入太空火箭，被派去探索月球和火星。
7.My friend has bought a new personal computer.我的朋友买了一台新的个人电脑。
8.The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.My computer has been repaired by the shop very quickly.这家商店很快就把我的电脑修好了。
我的电脑很快就被商店修好了。
9.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.My computer had just been attacked by an unknown virus.一种未知病毒刚刚攻击了我的电脑。
我的电脑刚刚被一种未知病毒攻击了。
10.We have not solved the problem yet.The problem has not been solved by us yet.我们还没有解决这个问题。
被动语态的翻译
eg: Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽然也用被动语态，但使用范围要狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有些可以保持被动语态。
I: 译成汉语主动句
1、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
eg: By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the
organization.
战争结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。
2、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
eg: On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were
dismissed briefly.
在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。
3、译成带表语的主动句
eg: The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Florida.
机组人员是在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地训练的。
eg: People were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.
八点钟的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。
eg: The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
【英语翻译】被动语态的翻译方法
a
1
一般被动语态有四种情况：
• 第一，无从说出、无需提及主动者 • When will the new bridge be built? • 什么时候建新桥？ • 第二，出于某种考虑，无意说出主动者 • Generally it is considered not polite to
英文原句中没有提到施动者时，有时可将被动句译成无主 句。
• The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an
end to.
• 必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪声。
• Very often, introductions are made using both
first and last name.
very important for Chinese students.
•人们认为英语对中国学生来
说是很重要的。
•I am afraid I shall be
laughed at.
•
我怕大家笑话我。 a
7
（3）把原文句中的一部分转译成主 语
• 英语中一些被动句译成中文时，需要将句子中某
个适当的成分转译成主语。既要做到不违背英文 原文，又符合中文规范。表示方位的地点状语转 译成主语的情况较多
speeding truck.
• 那个老人让一辆超速的卡车撞倒了。 • Those books have been affected with
damp.
• 那些书受潮了。
a
18
在现代汉语中有些主动表达句式同 样具有被动意义
• 问题应及时加以解决。
• Problems should be resolved in good time
被动语态的翻译
3)为了更好地连接上下文。 They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be built beside the classroom building. 他们准备明年在这儿建一座图书馆，就 建在教学楼旁边。
二、译为被动句
• “被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“得到”、 “叫”、“称” 、“让”、“给”、“加 以”、“为……所” • This information will be encoded in a radio signal and beamed to the units buried in the road. • 这一信息被译成无线电信号，发射给埋在 道路下的电子装置。 • The leakage of steam should be paid attention to. • 蒸汽泄露的问题应予以重视。
• As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides form falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
第二十一讲 被动语态的翻译
翻译 HY
• The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.
• －－必须立即停止这种讨厌的噪声。
翻译 HY
三、译成汉语判断句
• 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的 状态、过程和性质等加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似。 因此，翻译这种英语被动句，经常采用“是...的”判断句 式。 • The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 • Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
翻译 HY
•
Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology.
• In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. • In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.
句法翻译6——被动语态的翻译
句法翻译6——被动语态的翻译1.预计物价将要飞涨。
It is anticipated that commodity prices will go up sharply.2.人们担心飞机在近海某处坠落了。
It is worried that the plane might have fallen somewhere offshore.3.据称那个孩子被绑架了。
It is alleged that the child has been kidnapped.4.谣传他把机密信息泄露给了竞争公司。
It is rumoured that he has leaked the confidential information to the rival firm.5.该计划被普遍认为不可行。
Generally, the plan is considered to be infeasible.6.任何建议和批评都受到衷心的欢迎。
Any suggestions and criticism are heartily welcomed.7.关于这个项目，大家说得多，却做得少。
About theproject,much has been said while little has been done.8.诚挚地邀请阁下参加这次典礼。
You are cordially invited to the ceremony.9.顾客请勿触摸展品。
The exhibits to be touched by customers are not allowed.10.犯罪嫌疑人被判无罪,因为律师找不到证据表明他犯了罪。
The criminal suspect was found innocent, because the lawyer could not find evidence proving that he had committed an offence.。
汉语被动语态的翻译
第三章汉语被动语态的翻译(学生用)(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--第三章汉语被动语态的翻译（学生用）（一）汉语被动语态的三种表达方式第一、显性被动1.（被、叫、给、让 + 及物动词）①一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
A burnt child dreads the fire.A. He who is bitten once by a snake, for ten years will be afraid of a grass rope.B. Once bitten by a snake, he will be afraid of a grass rope for ten years.②他自我感觉总那么好，可这次被冷落了。
He is always full of himself but this time he has been left out in the cold.2.（受、遭受、蒙、蒙受）①龙游浅水遭虾戏了。
A dragon is stranded in shallow water — a gigantic creature is reduced to being teased by shrimps.②翌年楚因战败而蒙辱于秦。
The next year the Kingdom of Chu was humiliated by the Kingdom of Qin due to its military defeat.③公子受宠于君。
You are now in the Emperor’s favour.第二、半隐性被动⑴“为……（所）……”式①茅屋为秋风所破。
The thatched house was destroyed by the autumn storm.②幽王击鼓，诸候兵不至，幽王之身乃死于骊山之下，为天下笑。
King You beat the drum to ask the dukes and princes to send their troops to his rescue but they all refused. King You died at the foot of Mount Li, the object of universal ridicule.（turning himself into a laughing stock）⑵“是……的”式①历史是人民创造的。
被动语态的翻译
(四）翻译以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常 要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大 家”、“我们”等不确定主语。 · It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses. 据报道，敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。 · It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday. 有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。 · It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors. 众所周知，自然光其实是许多种颜色构成的。
His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 I passed and repassed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all was dark and silent as the grave. ( B．Shaw) 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片 漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。 Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books; but love from love, towards school with heavy looks． ( William Shakespeare) 赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书一样； 和情人分别，像学童板着脸上学堂。
A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。
被动语态及否定句与长句难句的翻译
[例6]The direction of a force can be indicated by an arrow.
力的方向可用箭头表示。
[例7] Heavy metal pollution, including lead, zinc, copper may be caused by corrosion of the very pipes that carry water from its source to the consumer.
[例5]The raw material is introduced at the higher end and moves steadily down the kiln to the burning zone.
原料从窑的较高端进入并稳定地向下运动，到达燃 烧区。
当英语被动句强调主语时，翻译时用原文的主语 作译文的主语构成汉语被动句，以体现这种强调。
因为从壁面带走热量的对流过程与热传导和壁面 邻近区域内由流体层运动所产生的能量传递密切相 关，所以在进行热对流分析时，不能简单地假设流 体为无粘性的。 3. 分译法
英语句子中,有些句子成分与其它部分关系松弛, 具有意义上的独立性,需要分出来译成分句.
[例3]This book is a practical guide aimed at those thousands of practicing engineers who may have a general understanding of the concept of reliability, but who lack, or have forgotten, the precise understanding of the language of Reliability Engineering to be able to confidently make effective practical use of the technique involved.
英语被动语态的语用翻译
英译汉时被动语态的基本的翻译方法如下：01直接译为主动语态(1) 译为无主句或添加模糊主语It is said that…据说…Such a conclusion can be drawn…(我们)可以得出这个结论…The boy can be assumed（我们可以）假设这个男孩…有时为了译为明确行文，可以适当添加“我/我们”“人们”等模糊的主语The students were seen reciting the new words and phrases.有人看见学生们在背新单词和短语。
(2) 在主语明确的情况下，保留原句主语。
The food was exhausted only in a few days.食物在几天内就吃光了。
02译为被动语态不能译为主动语态的，可采用中文中的被动语态的句式来译，常见的被动句式有“为…所”“让…给”Unifies our country's condition as our country's historic tradition, causes these to be adopted by us.结合我国的国情以及我国的历史传统, 使这些为我所用。
Her dress was caught by a nail.她的衣服让钉子给钩住了。
03科技文献中译为“能够”“可以”Because it is very slippery,it is used for lubrication.04用“是…的”字句表示被动“是…的”是一种形式主动，实际上是不用“被”字的被动句，例如：War is invented by the human mind.战争是人的智慧发明的。
再如冰心的《梦》，“五色的丝线，是能做成好看的活计的；香的，美丽的花，是要插在头上的；镜子是妆束完时要照一照的；在众人中间坐着，是要说些很细腻很温柔的话的；眼泪是时常要落下来的。
女孩子是总有点脾气，带点娇贵的样子的。
被动语态的翻译
The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。
6
被动语态的翻译
主语宾语交换，译成主动句。例如:
The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. 科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它 们引到海岛的岸边。
在译成汉语时，除了用 “被”表示外，还可以运用
其他词语，如 “受”、“遭”、“让”、“给”、
“由”、“把”、 “让”、“为……所”、“加以”、
“予以”等。例如：
2
被动语态的翻译
1) The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat. 乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，环境、运气不佳 或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所 困扰。 2) Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroad. 美国人牛肉吃得很多，因为美国有大量的土地可用来 养牛，而且牛肉可以由铁路以低廉的价格进行长途运 输。
So far, no conclusion has been reached.
被动语态的译法
被动语态的译法(Translation of the Passive)英语中被动语态使用范围很广。
凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等场合，往往都用被动语态。
汉语中虽也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。
英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。
一、译成汉语主动句英语被动语态的句子译成汉语主动句可有几种不同情况：（一）原文中的主语在译文中仍为主语1）The whole country was armed in a few days．几天之内全国武装起来了。
2) The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。
3）Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter.大多数树木冬天要落叶。
4）He has been wedded to translation.他与翻译结下了不解之缘。
5）She was delivered of a boy.她生了一个男孩。
6) Visitors are requested to wait.来宾请等候。
7) He was given a prize.他得了奖。
8) I have the honor of being elected.我荣幸地当选了。
（二）原文中的主语在译文中作宾语1）By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization，but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives．战争结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
被动语态的英语例句
被动语态的英语例句
以下是一些被动语态的英语例句以及它们的中文翻译：
1、The book was written by him.
这本书是他写的。
2、The room was cleaned by her.
房间是她打扫的。
3、The concert was enjoyed by thousands of people.
数千人欣赏了那场音乐会。
4、The problem was solved by the scientist.
这个问题被科学家解决了。
5、The email was sent by me last night.
这封电子邮件是我昨晚发的。
6、The decision was made by the board of directors.
这个决定是由董事会做出的。
7、The window was broken by the strong wind.
窗户被强风打破了。
请注意，被动语态的基本结构是“be动词 + 过去分词”。
根据时态和主语的不同，be动词的形式也会有所变化。