英美文学期末复习
英美文学期末复习
English poetry’s basic elements:Meter(格律), rhyme（韵律）, alliteration（头韵）, stanza（诗节）iambic tetrameter 四步抑扬格anapestic trimester 三步抑抑扬dactylic dimeter 两步扬抑抑Male rhymes（阳韵）单词带有单音节Female rhymes（阴韵）带有多音节forms of English poetry：ballad（歌谣）, sonnet（十四行诗）and blank verse（无韵诗）Italian sonne意大利十四行诗前octave(八行) 韵律abbaabba后sestet(六行) 韵律cdcece or cdecde.English sonnet 也叫Shakespearean abab cdcd efef gg1. Shakespeare 莎士比亚的Sonnet 18（criticized religious persecution（宗教迫害），insatiable lust for money(对金钱的贪求) bourgeois egoism（利己主义），Eulogized youth, love, friendship power of human life, worldly happiness ）In this poet, Shakespeare believes that his beloved beauty is unparalleled(无双的) and everlasting because he is represented in the poetry.在诗的couplet 处的conclusion是：So long as human beings exist in the world, people will appreciate the poet’s beloved’s beauty described in this poem and then his beauty will be everlastingWhat does the poem reveal about beauty?All beautiful and nice things in the world will disappear, but the beauty in poetry can last forever.The poem reveals Shakespeare’s faith in the permanence of poetry, the lasting power of human art and the creative power of human beings.2 William Wordsworth 华兹华斯的She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways属于ballad，narrative poem（in four-lined stanzas with iambic tetrameter抑扬四音部in odd numbered lines and iambic trimeter抑扬三音部in even numbered lines）在这首诗中，Wordsworth用metaphor暗喻的手法先to compare the young lady to a violet紫罗兰，美得modest and obscure谦逊。
英美文学(2)期末复习题-
英美文学（2）期末复习题I.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The finest example of Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in________.A. The Scarlet LetterB. Young Goodman BrownC. The Marble FaunD. The House of the Seven Gables2.Mark Twain created, in ______, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of thegreat books of world literature.A.Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB.Life on the MississippiC.Innocents AbroadD.The Gilded Age3.“The Way of the Beaten: A Harp in the Wind” this is the title of one chapter in Dreiser’s novel______.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Dreiser Looks at RussiaD. Jannie Gerhardtplete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase.1. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem __________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry.2. _____________ was regarded as an early Romantic writer in the American literary history and Father of the American short stories.3. Most of Faulkner’s works are set in the ____________, with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness.4. For the character ________, the white whale, Moby Dick, represents only evil.III.Define the literary terms listed below.1. New England TranscendentalismIV.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. “We paused before a House that seemedA Swelling of the Ground –The Roof was scarcely visible –The Cornice—in the Ground –”V.Give brief answers to the following questions.1. What is Henry James’ narrative “point of view”?。
英美文学II期末复习范围
英美文学II期末考试题型和复习围题型分布：I. Multiple choice.〔20%, 2 points for each〕II. Matching. (10%, 1 point for each)III. Literary Terms. (20%, 4 points for each)IV. Literary Translation. (20%)V. Literary work analysis. (30 %, 15 per each)1.Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography(富兰克林自传); Poor Richard’s Almanac (穷理查年鉴)2.托马斯·恩〔Thomas Paine): the age of reason(理性时代); the American crisis(美国危机)3.华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving ：The Sketch Book〔见闻札记〕，a history of New York〔纽约外史〕4.James Fenimore Cooper〔詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏〕: 杀鹿者〔The Deerslayer〕最后的莫希干人(The Last of the Mohicans) ?探路人?The Pathfinder ?拓荒者?(The Pioneer) ?大草原?(The Prairie) the five novels prise (The Leatherstocking Tales)皮袜子故事集5.威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特〔William Cullen Bryant) :To a Waterfowl 致水鸟? ?死亡随想?(Thanatopsis)即英文“死亡观〞〔view of death〕的希腊文5.Nathaniel Hawthorne (纳撒尼尔·霍桑): 带七个尖顶的阁楼(The House of the Seven Gables ) 红字〔The Scarlet Lett er〕古宅青苔(Mosses from The Old Manse)The Marble Faun ?玉石人像?6.Herman Melville : 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔?白鲸?Moby-Dick ?泰比?Typee Omoo ?奥姆?Redburn ?雷德伯恩? ?白外套?White-Jacket ?水手比利·巴德? Billy Budd7.亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) A Psalm of Life 人生礼赞The Song of Hiawatha(海华沙之歌) 我逝去的青春my lost youth The Slave’s Dream奴隶的梦8.沃尔特·惠特曼〔Walt Whitman) ?草叶集?〔Leaves of Grass〕9.哈丽叶特·比切·斯托〔Harriet Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋Uncle Tom's Cabin11. 马克·吐温〔Mark Twain〕: ?汉尼拔杂志?〔Hannibal Journal〕The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?汤姆·索亚历险记? 密西西比河上的生活Life on the Mississippi哈克贝利·费恩历险记?〔Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) ?镀金时代? the gilded age Innocents Abroad 〔流浪汉在外〕Missouri Courier Roughing It ?苦行记?12.O.Henry 欧·亨利?警察与赞美诗?〔The Cop and theAnthem〕13.Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯The American ?美国人? Daisy Miller?黛西·米勒? The Portrait of a Lady ?一位女士的画像? The Bostonians?波士顿人? The Wings of the Dove?鸽翼? The Ambassadors?使节? The Golden Bowl?金碗? 14.Jack London 杰克·伦敦Martin Eden,马丁·伊登The Call of the Wild ?野性的呼唤? The Sea Wolf ?海狼? White Fang?白牙?15.Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞: sister carrie?嘉莉妹妹? Jennie gerhardt?珍妮姑娘? An American Tragedy?美国悲剧?16.Ezra Pound 埃兹拉·庞德Hugh Selwyn Mauberley ?休·赛尔温·毛伯利? TheCantos?诗章?17. Edwin Arlington Robinson 埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊Richard Cory理查德·科里MiniverCheevy 米尼弗契维the house on the hill18.Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特: Mountain Interval ?山间? New Hampshire新罕布什尔州19.Carl Sandburg桑德堡: chicago fog20.Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯Anecdote of the Jar 坛子轶事21.Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特Prufrock and Other Observations普鲁弗洛克及其他? The Sacred Wood ?神圣的树林? The22.Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德: This Side of Paradise人间天堂The Beautiful and Damned 美丽与消灭Tender Is the Night 夜色温柔The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比23.Ernest Miller Hemingway欧斯特·米勒尔·海明威: The Sun Also Rises?太阳照样升起? A Farewell to Arms?永别了，武器? For Whom the Bell Tolls?丧钟为谁而鸣? The Old Man and the Sea ?老人与海?24.John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克: Tortilla Flat ?煎饼坪? Of Mice and Men?人鼠之间? The Long Valley 长谷The Grapes of Wrath?愤怒的葡萄?25.William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳: The Sound and the Fury ?喧哗与骚动? As I Lay Dying ?我弥留之际? Light in August ?八月之光? Absalom, Absalom! ?押沙龙，押沙龙！? Sanctuary ?圣殿? The Hamlet ?村子? Go Down, Moses ?去吧，摩西?26. EugeneO'Neill 尤金·奥尼尔: The Emperor Jones ?琼斯皇帝? The Hairy Ape?毛猿? Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂名词解释20个：1.Metaphor：隐喻A metaphor is a figure of speech that identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing for rhetorical effect, thus highlighting the similarities between the two. While a simile pares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and so does not necessarily apply any distancing words of parison, such as "like" or "as". A metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to other rhetorical figures of speech which achieve their effects via association, parison or resemblance - including allegory, hyperbole, and simile.2. ; Lost Generation ：迷惘的一代The "Lost Generation" was the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway, who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel,The Sun Also Rises.In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron. This generation included distinguished artists such as F. Scott Fitzgerald,[1]T. S. Eliot,John Dos Passos,Waldo Peirce。
英美文学作品选读期末复习资料
I.Multiple Choice：1.A(n) ____is a piece of writing which is often written from an author'spersonal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author.A.poemB. novelC. essayD. drama2.Which is written by Jane Austen?A.PersuasionB.Waiting for GodotC.NatureD.The Old Man and the Sea3.The following sentences are taken from_______“Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness in it.”A. NatureB. The Self-relianceC. The Sun Also RisesD. The American Scholar4.Samuel Beckett’s work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on____,often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour.A.human natureB.loveC.deathD.life5.The following is taken from_______“Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.”A. “My Heart’s in Highlands”B. “Mending Wall”C. “Of Study”D. “The Sun Rising”6.The following sentence is taken from_______“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.”A. NatureB. The Old Man and the SeaC. Waiting for GodotD. Pride and Prejudice7.The following is taken from_______“Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.”A.“The Road Not Taken”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “Of Study”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”8.The following is taken from_______“So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.”A. “Of Study”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. NatureD. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”9.The following is taken from_______“Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.”A. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”B. “Mending Wall”C. “Of Study”D. “The Sun Rising”10.The following sentences are taken from_______“Santiago,”the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”A.The Old Man and the SeaB. The American ScholarC. The Sun Also RisesD. Emma11.Which is written by Hemingway?A.Pride and PrejudiceB. A Farewell to ArmsC.Oedipus the KingD.Sense and Sensibility12.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.Advancement of LearningB. The Self-relianceC.“Mending Wall”D.“A Red Red Rose”13.First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently beenJane Austen's most popular novel.A. 1813B. 1820C. 1913D. 193014.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.“ of Wisdom”B.NatureC.“The Road Not Taken”D.“A Red Red Rose”15.The following sentence is taken from_______“Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.”A. Pride and PrejudiceB. A Farewell to ArmsC. NatureD. Emma16.The following sentences are taken from_______“Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fashion.”A. NatureB. The Old Man and the SeaC. Waiting for GodotD. Pride and Prejudice17.Which is written by Emerson?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.Mansfield ParkC.Self-relianceD.Persuasion18.The following are ______’s writing features:His peasant origin and environment added him in capturing the happy simplicity, humor, directness and optimism, which are characteristic of all old Scottish songs.A.Robert FrostB.Robert BurnsC.BaconD.Emerson19.The following sentence is taken from_______“Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both.”A. NatureB. The Self-relianceC. EmmaD. The Sun Also Rises20.The following sentence is taken from_______“To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.”A. NatureB. “Of Study”C. Pride and PrejudiceD. The Old Man and the Sea21.In Pride and Prejudice, none of the Bennet’s daughters can inheritthe estate of the family for it has been entailed upon the nearest male heir,______.A.DarcyB.William CollinsC.WickhamD.Santiago22.Which is written by Emerson?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.The American ScholarC.Mansfield ParkD.Persuasion23.Which is written by Shakespeare?A.Waiting for GodotB. Oedipus the KingC. OthelloD. The Women of Trachis24.The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the waysin which Elizabeth and _____ first view each other.A. CollinsB. SantiagoC.WickhamD. Darcy25.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.Sense and sensibilityB.“of Friendship”C.“Mending Wall”D．“A Red Red Rose”26.The following are taken from_______“And I will luve thee still, my dear, / Till a’ the seas gang dry:”A.“Mending Wall”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “The Road Not Taken”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”27.The following are taken from_______“I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.”A. “Mending Wall”B. “My Heart’s in Highlands”C. “A Red, Red Rose”D. “The Road Not Taken”28.The following is taken from_______“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.”A. “Mending Wall”B. “The Road Not Taken”C. “My Heart’s in Highlands”D. “Of Study”29. _______, Hemingway’s first novel, was published in 1926.A.A Farewell To ArmsB.The Old Man and the SeaC.Moby-DickD.The Sun Also Rises30.The following are taken from_______“O my Luve’s like the melodie / That’s sweetly played in tune.”A.“The Road Not Taken”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “My Heart’s in Highlands”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”II. T——F Statements1. Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature. T2. “My Heart’s in Highlands” is written by Robert Frost. F3. Mansfield Park is written by Jane Austen. T4. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind is taken from "The Road Not Taken”.5. Robert Frost shows the England scenery. He is closely concerned about farmers’ life and nature. F6.Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist,and author. T7. “And be one traveler, long I stood / And looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;”are taken from“The Road Not Taken”. T8.Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, precision and powerfulness. T9. Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the 18th century. F10. The Old Man and the Sea centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. T11. Hemingway’s novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.F12. Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. T13. The theme of “A Red Red Rose” is life. F14．Hemingway’s wartime experiences in the World War II formed the basisfor his novel A Farewell to Arms. F15. Beckett is widely regarded as among the most influential writers ofthe 20th century. Strongly influenced by James Joyce, he is consideredone of the last modernists. T16．From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), Jane Austen achieved success as a published writer. T17. Beckett is one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd". T18. “Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them” reveals the three attitudes towards study. T19．A(n) essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. T20. “Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.” is taken from A Farewell to Arms. F21. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the waysin which Elizabeth and Collins first view each other. F22. “My Heart’s in Highlands” is not written by Robert Frost. T23. Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. T24. “Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and once with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come there again.” are taken from Pride and Prejudice T25. “But he thought, I keep them with precision. Only I have no luck any more. But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.” are taken from The Old Man and the Sea. T1.Define the term, essay.An essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays.2. Find out the three abuses of study in Of Study.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.3. Please enumerate three works of Robert Frost.“Mending Wall”“The Road Not Taken”“Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”4．C omment on Hemingway’s writing features.He always tries his best to avoid using kinds of ways to depict things or piling big words and gorgeous adjectives. On the contrary, he always adopts direct description and short sentences which are precise, laconic,bright and vivid. His writing style only serves his particular characters and theme.His unique writing style, “Iceberg Principle”: there is seven -eighths of the iceberg which is beneath the surface of the water in which it floats. He believes that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action; the one –eighth that is presented will suggest all other meanings of the story.。
英美文学期末复习资料+所有作家作品流派总结
一、文学术语*41.Epic叙事诗，史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.Twoof the most famous epics of Western civilization are Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.The great epic of the Middle Ages is The Divine Comedy（神曲）by the Italian poet Dante.The two most famous English epics are the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton's Paradise Lost,which employ some of the conventions of the classical epic.2.Naturalism自然主义（文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨）Naturalism is a term of literary history,primarily a French movement in prose fiction and the drama during the final third of the19th century,although it is also applied to similar movements or groups of writers in other countries in the later decades of the19th and early years of the20th cents.In France Emile Zola(1840-1902)was the dominant practitioner(习艺者，专业人员) of Naturalism in prose fiction and the chief exponent（鼓吹者，倡导者，拥护者；能手，大师）of its doctrines.The emergence of Naturalism does not mark a radical（彻底的）break with Realism,rather the new style is a logical extension of it.Broadly speaking,Naturalism is characterized by a refusal to idealize experience and by the persuasion that human life is strictly subjected to natural laws.The Naturalists shared with the earlier Realists the conviction that the everyday life of the middle and lower classes of their own day provided subjects worthy of serious literary treatment.Emphasis was laid on the influence of the material and economic environment on behavior,and on the determining effects of physical and hereditary factors in forming the individual temperament.Famous American Naturalistic writers would include Jack London,Stephen Crane and Frank Norris,who were deeply influenced by Charles Darwin's evolution theory which believe that one's heredity and social situation limit one's character.3.Modernism现代派（盛行于20世纪的文学风格）Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts,originating about the end of the19th century and prosperity in the20th century.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted,alienated and ill relationships between man and nature,man and society,man and man,and man and himself.The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective.They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.In their writings,the past,the present and the future are mingled（混合）together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.4.Transcendentalism超验主义It was a reaction to the18th century Newtonian concept of the universe.The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as follows:1.The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul,as the most important thing in the universe.2.The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.To them the individual was the most important element of society.3.The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was,to them,not purely matter.It was alive,filled with God's overwhelming presence.I.Major Literary Terms in The Anglo-Norman Period1.Romance:Any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters.Originally,the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings and queens,knights and ladies,and including unlikely or supernatural happenings.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances.John Keats's The Eve of St.Agnes is one of the greatest metrical（格律）romances ever written.2.Ballad（民谣，叙事歌谣）:A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung.In many centuries,the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature.Folk ballads have no known authors.They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung.The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people.The most popular subjects,often tragic,are disappointed love,jealousy,revenge,sudden disaster and deeds of adventure and daring.Devices commonly used in ballads are the the refrain（叠词）,incremental repetition（叠句）and code language（特定语言）.A later form of ballad is the literary ballad which imitates the style of the folk ballad.The most famous English literary ballad is Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner（老水手之歌）.二、选择&填空The Anglo-Norman PeriodThe literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its____tales of___and___,in marked contrast of____and ____of Anglo-Saxon poetry.romantic,love,adventure,strength,somberness（昏暗；冷静）Geoffrey Chaucer1.The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a General Prologue and only_____tales,of which two are left unfinished.●242.The____provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.●Prologue序言3.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's greatest work and the greater part of it was written in____Couplets.●Heroic（英雄双韵体）4.The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of St.Thomas a Becket at the place named____.●Canterbury5.In The Canterbury Tales,from the character of_____,we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class,and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer's own day.●the Wife of Bath（巴斯夫人：齐叟笔下一个结过5次婚等待第六位丈夫的女人）Renaissance1.Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,and____are generally regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies.●Macbeth2.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of_____.●Queen Elizabeth3._____wrote his_____in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people's sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.●Thomas More，UtopiaThe literature of the17th century1.After____'s death,monarchy was again restored in1660.It was called the period of_____.●Oliver Cromwell;Restoration2.The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of_____●1688.3.Paradise Lost tells how____rebelled against God and how___and___were driven out of Eden.●Satan;Adam,Eve.4.Bunyan's most important work is____,written in the form old-fashioned medieval form of_____and dream.●The Pilgrim's Progress;allegory寓言the18th century literature1.The image of an enterprising Englishman of the18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel______.●Robinson Crusoe2.The18th century in English literature is an age of___.●prose3.Jonathan Swift's masterpiece is___..●Gulliver's Travels4.William Blake's work___(1794)are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence天真之歌.●The Songs of Experience经验之歌5.The greatest of___poets in the18th century is Robert Burns.●Scottishthe19th century literature1.With the publication of William Wordworth's______with S.T.Coleridge,______began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.●Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集,Romanticism2.The Romantic Age came to an end in1832when the last Romantic writer_____died.●Walter Scott3.The greatest historical novelist_____was produced in the Romantic Age.●Walter Scott4.The glory of the Romantic age is in the poetry of___,___,___,___,___,and___.●Scott,Wordsworth,Coleridge科尔里奇,Byron,Shelley,Keats,Moore,Southey索西.5.The English Romantic Period produced two major novelists.They are______.●Scott and Austen6.In his poems Wordsworth aimed at the_____and_____of the language.●simplicity,purity7.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems,one is Childe Harold's Pilgrimage,and the other is_____.●Don Juan8.“Ode to a Nightingale”was written by_____.●John Keats9.Jane Austen's literary concern is about human beings in their_____relationships.●personal.Victorian Age1.In the19th century English literature,a new literary trend_____appeared after the romantic poetry,and flourished in the time of ______.●Critical realism,1840s and1850s.2.Critical realism reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature.Here lies in the essentially_____and _____character of critical realism.●Democratic,humanitarian3.In A tale of Two Cities,the two cities are_____and_____in the time of revolution.●London,Paris4.In1847,Thackeray published his masterpiece_____,which marks the peak of his literary career.●Vanity Fair5.It is Robert Browning who developed the literary form_____..●Dramatic monologue戏剧独白20th century British Literature1.____had its outstanding advocate in Kipling,who with drum and trumpet,called upon England to“take up the Whiteman's burden”by dominating all“lesser breeds without the law.”●lmperialism2.Those“novels of character and environment”by Thomas Hardy are the lost representative of him as both a and a critical realist writer.●Naturalistic3.It took Galsworthy twenty-two years to accomplish the monumental work,his masterpiece____●The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家wrence finished____,the autobiographical novel at which he had been working off and on for years,which was positively taken as a typical example and lively manifestation of the“Oedipus Complex”in fiction.●Sons and Lovers5.___and___are the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist.●James Joyce，Virginia Woolf.6.____is generally regarded as Virginia Woolf's most remarkable work.●To the LighthouseExercises on American Literature1.In the17th century,the English settlements in____and____began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.●Virginia,Massachusetts2.Washington Irving's____became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.●Sketch Book3.Cooper's enduring fame rests on his frontier stories,especially the five novels that comprise the____.●Leatherstocking Tales4.____was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New land.●Ralph Waldo Emerson5.A superb book entitled____came out of Henry David Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.●Walden6.The book____is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.●Moby DickBook two chapter one1.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass,__gave America its first genuine epic poem.●Walt Whitman2.As the founder of American Critical Realism,____enjoys the fame as“Lincoln of American literature”.●Mark Twain3.____was considered the founder of psychological realism in America.●Henry James4.The identification of potency（影响）with money is at the heart of Dreiser's greatest and most successful novel,____.●An American TragedyThe20th century1.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____Movement”.●Imagist2.The most significant American poem of the20th century was_____.●The Waste Land3.____of the1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.●The Jazz Age4.Hemingway's novel___painted the image of a whole generation,the Lost Generation.●The Sun Also Rises5.____wrote about the disintegration（瓦解）of the old social system in the American southern states,and the lives of modem people,both black and white.●William Faulkner三、True or False1.In1066,Alexander the Great led the Norman army to invade England.It was called the Norman Conquest.●F(William the Conqueror）2.The Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination（顶点）of the romances about Charles the Great.●F(King Arthur and his knights)3.Robinson named Saturday to the saved victim.F(Friday)4.“A Modest Proposal”is made to Irish government to relieve the poverty of English people.F(Irish)5.It was Henry Fielding and Tobias Gorge Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.T6.Of all the romantic poets of the18th century,Blake is the most in-dependent and the most original.T7.George Eliot produced the remarkable novels including Adam Bede,The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner.(true)8.The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte,Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte.(true)9.The Victorian Age was largely an age of prose,especially of the novel.(true)10.David Copperfield is Thackeray's masterpiece.F(Dickens)11.The title of the novel Vanity Fair is taken from Bunyan's Pilgrim's progress.(true)12.In1907,John Galsworthy received the Nobel Prize for“idealism”in literature.Kim is his long novel.F(Kipling)13.George Bernard Shaw was strongly against the credo of“art for art's sake”.T14.The Importance of Being Earnest is written by Oscar Wilde.T15.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter.T16.In1828,Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.T17.Stirred by the teachings of transcendentalism,writers of Boston and nearby towns produced a New England literary renaissance.T18.The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe's poems.F(novels)19.Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature.T20.Emily Dickinson is a democratic poet.F(modernist)21.“The Cop and the Anthem”was written by Jack London.F(O Henry)22.While embracing the socialism of Marx,Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals.This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel The Call of the Wild F(Martin Eden) 23.Between the mid-19th and the first decade of the20th century,there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social id natural sciences,as well in the field of art in Europe,which played an indispensable role in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States.T 24.The decade of the1910s,American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights.F(1920s)25.John Steinbeck is a representative of the1930s,when“novels of social protest”became dominant on the American literary scene.T 26.John Updike is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post-war era and his The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as students'classic.F（Jerome David Salinger）(J.D.Salinger）四、连线题作家流派/文体作品Literature StyleChaucer heroic couplet英雄双韵体Romance of the Roseschiefly under the influenceof French poetry of theMiddle AgesThe House of Fame--《名誉堂》Troylus and Criseyde《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》The Legend of Good women--《良妇传说》The Parliament of Fowls--《百鸟堂》under the spell of the greatliterary geniuses of earlyRenaissance Italy:Danteand Petrarch andBoccaccioThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》Produced his works ofmaturity free from anyforeign influence.WilliamLanglandPiers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》Alliteration(头韵)Thomas More托马斯.莫尔Humanism人文主义Utopia乌托邦Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根The Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》Of Studies《论读书》;Of wisdom《论智慧》EssayJohn Lyly Eupheus written in a peculiar style known as EuphuismThomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特first introduced the sonnet into English literatureEarl of Surrey萨利伯爵created blank verse Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞The Fairy Queen《仙后》Lyrical poetryBen Jonson琼生Every Man in His Humour;Volpone,or the Fox;The Alchemist;Bartholomew Fair.ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗.马洛Doctor Faustus;The Jew of Malta;Tamburlaine Play Robert Greene George Green;the Pinner of WakefieldWilliam Shakespeare威廉姆.莎士比亚Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)37plays;blank verseJohn Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets(玄学派诗人)《Death be not proud》《死神莫骄妄》Songs and Sonnets《歌谣与十四行诗》The RelicA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning《离别辞：莫忧伤》1.Extraordinary frankness,penetrating realism,cynicism.2.Novelty of subjectmatter and point of view.3.Novelty of form.John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿三个John都是the Puritans清教徒派《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护《Paradise Lost》失乐园Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》《Paradise Regained》复乐园Sonnet-On His Blindness1.The use of blank verse.2.Grand style.3.Inheritance fromtraditional works such as《失明述怀》Sonnet-On His Deceased Wife《梦之妻》Bible.John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy War《圣战》The Life and Death of Mr.BadmanGrace Abounding《丰盛恩惠》1.Written in theold-fashioned,medievalform of allegory anddream.2.His language is chieflyplain,colloquial,and quitemodern.Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel现实主义小说《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁Father of modernfiction《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯《The History of Tom Jones,a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事The History of Jonathan Wild the Great《伟大的乔纳森·王尔德》Humor&satiristJonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特satirist反讽prose poetry《Gulliver’s Travels》格列佛游记《A Modest Proposal》一个温和的建议A Tale of a Tub1697《一只桶的故事》The Battle of the Books1698《书籍之战》The Drapier’s Letters1724《布商来信》Joseph Addlson The Tatler闲谈者The Spectator旁观者Joseph Addison＆Richard Steele；their life-long friendship and the partnership in literary career.Alexander pope the Pastorals(1709)（田园诗歌）the Essay on Criticism (1711)（论批评）The Rape of the Lock(1714)（卷发遇劫记）“Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady”;“Eloise to Abelard,Samuel Richardson塞缪尔.理查森epistolarynovel(书信体小说），Englishdomestic novel(英国家庭小说）《Pamela》帕美勒Clarissa Harlowe克拉丽莎Sir Charles Grandison查尔斯•格兰迪森的历史psychological analysisRichard B.Sheridan理查德.B.谢尔丹comedy《School for Scandal》造谣学校the Rivals(情敌)the only important Englishdramatist of the18thcenturyOliver Goldsmith’s奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德的牧师，小说novel《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全，欢乐喜剧rollicking comedy《The Deserted Village》荒村，诗歌The Traveller旅行者poems,诗歌The Citizen of the World世界公民essay以上6位都是18世纪Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)的代表人物Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷Sentimentalism感伤主义no belief《Elegy,Written in a CountryChurchyard》墓园挽歌William Blake 威廉.布莱克Pre-romanticismSongs of Innocence天真之歌Songs ofExperience经验之歌Poetical Sketches素描诗集The Tiger老虎Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原John Anderson,My Jo约翰·安徒生，我爱A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰To a Mouse致小鼠Auld Lang Syne友谊地久天长William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯Lake Poets（湖畔派）Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣《The Prelude》序曲1.Leading figure of English romanticpoetry2.See this world freshly and naturally.3.Changed the course of English poetryLord Byron拜伦Romanticism《Childe Harold Pilgrimage》查尔德哈罗德游记Don Juan（唐璜）《Hours of Idleness》闲散时刻1.Renowned as the“gloomy egoist”2.“Byronic Hero”（拜伦式英雄）3.Devote himself into the revolutionPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Idealism（理想主义）《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂The Cloud云1.Intense and original2.Reflect radical ideas and revolutionaryoptimism3.Rebel against English politics andconservative valuesJohn Keats济慈Romanticism（浪漫主义）《The Eve of St.Agnes》圣阿格良斯之夜《On a Greeian Urn》希腊古瓮颂《To a Nightingale》致夜莺Ode on Melancholy（忧郁颂）Isabella（伊莎贝拉）1.Epitaph:Here lies one whose name waswritten in water（此地长眠者，声名水上书）2.Early death from tuberculosis at theage of253.He is characterized by sensual imageryWalter Scott沃特.斯科特Famous HistoricalNovelistIvanhoe（艾凡赫）The lady of the Lake（湖中夫人）Waverley（威佛利）1.Historical novelist as well as playwrightand poet.2.He was an advocate,judge and legaladministrator by professionJane Austen简.奥斯丁Female Novelist《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感《Emma》爱玛1.Modern character through the treatmentof everyday life2.Virginia Woolf called Austen"the mostperfect artist among women."Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰伯Essayist（随笔作家）Tales from Shakespeare（莎士比亚故事集）Essays of Elia（伊利亚随笔）The Last Essays of Elia（伊利亚续笔）1.Indulged in his own contemplation andimagination2.To him,literature was a means toexpress his own subjective world and toescape from the sordidness（肮脏、卑鄙）Charles Dickens狄更斯Critical Realism批判现实主义Victorian Period维多利亚时期humanism人文主义《Hard Times》艰难时刻《PickwickPapers》匹克威克外传《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记1.expose and criticize the poverty,injustice,hypocrisy and corruptness2.show a highly consciouse modernartist3.humor and wit seem inexhaustible4.Picaresque novel(流浪汉小说）Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简.爱1.great work of genius in Englishfiction2.focus on the female topic3.lyric writing style4.simple realismEmily Bronte艾米丽.勃郎特《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄Mrs.Gaskell《Mary Barton,North and South》玛丽.巴顿，北方和南方William Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场—this title wasborrowed from The Pilgrim’s Progressby Bunyan.没有大人物的小说1.rich knowledge of social life andheart,the picture in the novels areaccurate and true life2.Thackeray’s satire is caustic and hishumor subtle3.Pay attention to morilityGeorge Eliot 乔治.艾略特《Adam Bede》亚当贝德The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》Silas Marner《织工马南传》Middlemarch《米德尔马契》1.show superb conception andexecution and include much favoralfeminist criticism2.describe various inner world anddepict people’s live with cinematicprecision3.moral teaching and psychologicalrealism.精神说教和心理现实主义。
英美文学期末考试复习
第一章殖民主义时期的文学1、American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.American Puritanism influences on American literature:a. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义b. Symbolism 象征主义c. Simplicity. 简洁清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
英美文学选读复习资料
英美文学期末复习资料1 (20%)题型为选择题。
参考邮箱课件后选择题。
英美文学选读期末复习资料2 (30%)题型为填空和名词解释Literature refers to writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry.Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry with over 3,000 lines, is regarded today as the national epic of the english people.Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. Popular subjects for romances: King Arthur of Britain and the knights of the Round Table.A sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter , restricted to a definite rhyme scheme .The 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales.An extended metaphor is often called a conceit.Soliloquy is a speech in a play which the character speaks to himself or herself or to the people watching rather than to the other characters.Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy about two young “star-cross‘d lovers”whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families.Francis Bacon introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.John Donne is the leading figure of the“metaphysical school.”All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.In 1797 Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and the two poets became very good friends. They collaborated on a book of poems entitled Lyrical Ballads, first published in 1798The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets.”Jane Austen is the only important female author in the 18-19th century英美文学选读期末复习资料3 (30%)指出作者，作品名及选文大意To be，or not to be：that is the question：“To be” is to continue to live, or to take action. “not to be” is to die, or to do nothing but suffering, to end one’s life by self- destruction. It is a dilemma of trying to determine the meaning of life and deathIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.it briskly introduces the arrival of Mr. Bingley at Netherfield—the event that sets the novel in motion—this sentence also offers a miniature sketch of the entire plot, which concerns itself with the pursuit of “single men in possession of a good fortune”by various female characters. The preoccupation with socially advantageous marriage in nineteenth-century English society manifests itself here, for in claiming that a single man “must be in want of a wife,”the narrator reveals that the reverse is also true: a single woman, whose socially prescribed options are quite limited, is in (perhaps desperate) want of a husband.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring ; for ornament , is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.英美文学选读期末复习资料4 (10%)分析以下诗歌，见邮箱！Sonnet18Death Be Not PrideThe Sick RoseI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud英美文学选读期末复习资料5 (10%)分析以下小说Jane EyreAnalysis of the workThe work is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions such as Lowood School where poor girls are trained, through constant starvation and humiliation, to be humble slaves, the social discrimination Jane experiences first as a dependent at her aunt's house and later as a governess at Thornfield, and the false social convention as concerning love and marriageAt the same time, it is an intense moral fable. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo aseries of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness.The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.Analysis of the HeroineJane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, and even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him, cuts a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience.Robinson CrusoeCharacterizationRobinson is a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist .Artistic FeaturesDefoe was a very good story-teller. Defoe had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible，and fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best.注：以上只是仅供参考的复习资料，更全面的资料请自行下载本学期课件，邮箱ygwxxd@密码12345。
英美文学期末复习
第一课1.这段时间的历史背景：（1）The early inhabitants on the island we now called England were Britons (a tribe of Celts).（2）三次主要的侵略：a. The Roman Conquest .(In 55 B. C., Britain was invaded by the Roman general Julius Caesar. In 410, the Romans abandoned the island, which marks the end of “Roman Conquest” (55 B.C.—410 A.D.)b. the English (Anglo-Saxons) Conquest around 449. (England was invaded by three Germanic (Teutonic) tribes: the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, who came from the Northeast of Europe. The Anglo-Saxon invaders established some small kingdoms in Britain which by the 7th century were combined into a United Kingdom called England (the land of Angles). Its people were called the English. The three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. 古英语到Norman Conquest结束，it is the ancestor of the Modern English)c. the Norman Conquest in 1066(3) The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from a tribal society to feudalism.2.术语：（1）epic：It’s a long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, majestic in theme and style. （史诗的例子：Homer’s Epics: Iliad and Odyssey）（2）Alliteration (头韵)The repetition of similar sounds, usually consonant or consonant clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonant sounds. (When alliteration occurs at the beginning of words, it is called initial alliteration; when it occurs within words, it is called internal or hidden alliteration. It usually occurs on stressed syllables.)3. 这一时期的文学：（1）The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions---pagan and Christian.Two major genres: poetry and prose（2）the pagan represented by Beowulf and the Christian poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf（Caedmon is the first known religious poet of England. He is known as the father of English song.He wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible）（3）Anglo-Saxon literature, or the Old English literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It could be passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation.4. 关于Beowulf的一些信息：（1）The Song of Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The poem consists of 3182 lines. It is considered as the highest achievement of Old English literature and the earliest European vernacular (using the native language of a region, especially as distinct from the literary language) epic. It has achieved national epic status in Britain.(2). It tells the story of the Scandinavian hero Beowulf, , who gains fame as a young man by vanquishing the monster Grendel and Grendel's mother; later, as an aging king, he kills a dragon but dies soon after, honored and lamented.(3). The whole epic is to be divide into two parts with an interpolation (添写;插补) between the two. The whole song is pagan in spirit and matter, while the interpolation is obviously anaddition made by the Christian who copied the song.(因此带有一点基督教的特点)（4）. The Song of Beowulf的一些重要的特点：a. The use of alliteration is one of its most striking features.b. The use of compound-words (kennings隐喻表达法) to serve as metaphors.c. The use of understatements.(5). The Song of Beowulf 的主题或意义：Thematically, the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.第二课1.历史背景：（1）Norman Conquest的定义：The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. It was called the Norman Conquest.（Duke William也被称作William the Conqueror征服者威廉）（2）The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.（3）Norman Conquest的影响：The three chief effects of the conquest were：(a) the bringing of Roman civilization to England;(b) the growth of nationality, i.e. a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes;(c) the new language and literature, which were proclaimed in Chaucer.注：语言方面的变化----Great changes took place in languages: after the conquest, three languages co-existed in England. The Normans spoke French, the lower class spoke English, and the scholars and clergymen used Latin.（There almost no written literature in English for a time. Romances, the prominent kind of literature in the Anglo-Norman Period, were at first all in French.）（4）在这一段历史时期内的重要事件：Important historical eventsa. the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)b. the Black Death (1348-49/50)c. the Rising of 13812.术语:(1).Romance: it is the literature for the upper class, which is a long composition in the narrative verse or prose form, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous (各种各样的)adventures.Features of a Romancea. in the narrative verse or prose form;b. central character: knightc. subjects: knightly adventures; chivalry loyalty; faith; courtesy; …courtly love;d. Romances had a lot to do with the noble, but nothing with the common folks;(2).Legend(民间传说): A song or narrative handed down from the past. Legends differ from myths on the basis of the elements of historical truth they contain.3. The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance.Romance (罗曼司;骑士传奇) was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. From France it wasintroduced into England in the second half of the 13th and 14th centuries.(是从法国引入的)4.Romance的主要分类：In subject matters (题材), romance naturally falls into three categories:(a) the Matter of France: tales about Charlemagne the Great and Roland, a French national hero in the 8th century. The most well-known piece is Chanson de Roland;(b) Matter of Greece and Rome: an endless series of fabulous tales about Alexander the Great, and about the fall of Troy;(c) Matter of Britain: tales having for their heroes Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.5. 有关亚瑟王的一些信息：King Arthur is one of the great mythic figures of English literature, a legendary king and champion of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxon invaders.6.在关于亚瑟王的Romance中，its culmination(巅峰) is in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”对“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”的一些评价：1). The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.2). Its theme is a series of tests on faith, courage, purity and human weakness for self-preservation.3). By placing self-protection before honor, Gawain has sinned and fallen and become an image of Adam. Human excellence (美德) is marked by original sin, and the girdle itself remains a perpetual reminder of his weakness.第三课乔叟一．乔叟的一些荣誉以及生平：1. Father of the English poetry2. “the father of English literature”3.forerunner of humanism,4.one of the greatest English poets (Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton)5.the first English poet to use heroic couplet dexterously in his writing6.he maintained contacts ranged from the highest to the lowest.7.he died on Oct. 25, 1340. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, and his tomb became the nucleus of what is now known as Poets' Corner.二．乔叟的文学创作阶段：translation----adaptation----writing（先翻译别人的，再改写别人的，最后再写自己的）(1) Early WorksThe first period includes his early work (to 1370), which is based largely on French models,The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》a translation, popular in Middle agesThe Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫人》the best work of the time(2)Italian PeriodChaucer's second period (up to c.1387) is called his Italian period because during this time his works were modeled primarily on Dante and Boccaccio (薄伽丘).Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》a poem of a love story(3)The Canterbury TalesTo Chaucer's final period, in which he achieved his fullest artistic power, belongs his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales (written mostly after 1387).关于The Canterbury Tales 的一些信息：The Canterbury Tales -------His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.Written sometime in the 1380s, The Canterbury Tales -- the first selection of short stories in English-- - is about a group of pilgrims who agree to tell stories while they travel together to Canterbury, the seat of the English Church (still Catholic) and the site of the shrine dedicated to Thomas a Beckett, who was martyred for his faith.Originally, he proposed 124 stories; he actually wrote 24.The Canterbury Tales is the imitatio n of Boccaccio’s Decameron（模仿伯伽丘的十日谈。
英美文学期末复习题
英美文学期末复习题英美文学是开放英语专科的选修课。
新版教学计划中没有此课，目前仍有一部分较早时间入学的学生选修此课。
英美文学课程6学分，分两学期完成，两学期期末分别进行考试。
分别为英美文学（1）、英美文学（2）。
使用教材为外研社出版的《英美文学选读》，辅助参考资料为中华工商联合出版社出版的《英美文学选读自考过关教练》，同学们学习时要注意理清英美文学发展的脉络，把握各时期的总体情况、流派特点、代表性的作家作品等，对重要作品要会进行评析。
06年元月份的期末考试两门课程题型、分值设计等相同，如下表：份的期末考试两门课程题型、分值设计等相同，如下表：题型 题量 分值 I. I. 单项选择单项选择单项选择15 30 II. II. 填空填空填空15 30 III. III. 选段分析选段分析（给出选文，要求指出作者、作品名称，并简要分析。
作者、作品名称，并简要分析。
3 18 IV. IV. 问答问答问答2 22 总计总计 35 100下面的复习题包括英美文学（1）和英美文学（2）两门课的内容。
）两门课的内容。
I. Choose the one that would best complete the statement below. (30 points, 2 points each) 1. ______ is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A. Beowulf B. The Canterbury TalesC. Don JuanD. Paradise Lost 2. John Dryden called ______ the father of English poetry. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Edmund Spencer C. John Milton D. John Donne 3. The Merchant of V enice is a ________. A. tragedy B. comedy C. history play D. tragicomedy 4. Hamlet faces the dilemma between ______. A. action and mind B. dream and reality C. money and power D. hate and love 5. John Milton ’s masterpiece is his ______. A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise RegainedC. Samson Agonistes D. Areopagitica 6. Robert Frost is a regional poet in the sense that his poems depict mostly ______. A. the frontier life B. The sea adventures C. the Puritan community D. New England landscape 7. The novel ________ is not written by Henry James. A. The Ambassadors B. The Wings of the DoveC. The Bostonians D. The Mysterious Stranger8. In the 1920s decade, O ’Neill established an international reputation with such plays as ______. A. The Emperor JonesB. Anna ChristieC. The Hairy ApeD. all of the above 9. Fitzgerald ’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age, in which he shows a particular interest in ______ society. A. the middle-class B. the upper-class C. the lower-middle-class D. the working-class 10. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques techniques Faulkner Faulkner Faulkner used used used to to to construct construct construct his his his stories stories stories include include include ______, ______, ______, symbolism symbolism symbolism and and and mythological mythological and biblical allusions. A. impressionism B. expressionism C. multiple points of view D. first person point of view 11. The following are Shakespeare ’s greatest tragedies except __________. A. HamletB. OthelloC. Twelfth NightD. King Lear12. __________ is a novella about a young American girl who gets “killed killed”” by the winter in Rome, and it brought Henry James international fame for the first time. A. The AmericanB. The Europeans C. Daisy Miller D. The Portrait of A lady13. John Donne is the leading figure of ________. A. Lake Poets B. Graveyard School C. Satanic Poets D. Metaphysical School 14. In Jane Austen ’s novels, life and human nature are exposed __________________. A. at moments of crisis B. during the battles C. in the most trivial incidents of everyday D. through the traveling 15. The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature except ________. A. William Faulkner B. F. Scott Fitzgerald C. John Steinbeck D. Ernest Hemingway II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase. (30 points, 2 points each)16. Edmund Spenser ’s masterpiece is _________, a great poem of its age. 17. Marlowe ’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected _________ and made it the principle medium of English drama. 18. As a lexicographer, Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman: _________, a gigantic task which Johnson undertook single-handedly and finished in over seven years. 19. Pope ’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in _________. is a didactic poem written in _________. 20. _________ has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel ” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. 21. Mark Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as _____________, a unique variation of American literary realism. 22. Pound was the leader of a new movement in Poetry which he called “__________________”” movement. 23. Dreiser broke away form the genteel tradition of literature and dramatized the life in a very _________ way 24. One of the most familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human _________, especially as an explanation of sexual desire. 25. Two major figures of black fiction in America are ________ and Ralph Ellison. 26. 26. Apart Apart Apart from from from Darwinism, Darwinism, Darwinism, the the the two two two thinkers thinkers thinkers whose whose whose ideas ideas ideas had had had the the the greatest greatest greatest impact impact impact on on on the the Modernism period were the German ________ and the Austrian Sigmund Freud. 27. With the Norman Conquest starts the ________ Period in English Literature. 28. Emily Bronte ’s masterpiece is ___________ 29. Ulysses gives an account of man ’s life during one day in ________30. In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared a group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working class background, they demonstrated a particular disillusion disillusion over over over the the the depressing depressing depressing situation situation situation in in in Britain Britain Britain and and and launched launched launched a a a bitter bitter bitter protest protest protest against against against the the outmoded social and political values in their society. They were known as “______________________________””. III. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. (18 points, 6 points each)31． “Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow ’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”32. 32. His His His father father father picked picked picked the the the baby baby baby up up up and and and slapped slapped slapped it it it to to to make make make it it it breathe breathe breathe and and and handed handed handed it it it to to to the the the old old woman. “See, it’s a boy, Nick,” he said. “How do you like being an internee?” Nick said, “All right.” He was looking away so as not to see what his father was doing. 33. “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;”IV IV. . Give brief answers to the following questions. (22 points, 11 points each)34. Why do we say Hawthorne is a master of symbolism? Give at least two examples of symbols from The Scarlet Letter . . 35. Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer? 期末复习题答案I ．1 A 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 6.D 7.D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11 C 12 C 13 D 14 C 15 C II ．16. The Faerie Queene 17. the blank verse 18. A Dictionary of the English Language 19. 19. heroic heroic heroic couplets couplets 20. 20. Henry Henry Henry Fielding Fielding 21. 21. local local local colorism colorism 22. 22. Imagist Imagist 23. 23. realistic realistic 24. 24. bestiality bestiality 25. 25. Richard Richard Richard Wright Wright 26. 26. Karl Karl Karl Marx Marx 27. 27. Medieval Medieval 28. 28. Wuthering Wuthering Heights 29. Dublin 30. The Angry Young Man III ．31. William Shakespeare: Sonnet 18. A nice summer ’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever. 32. This is from “Indian Camp,” one of the fourteen short stories collected under the title of InOur Time by Ernest Hemingway. Nick watches his father deliver an Indian woman of a baby by Caesarian section. This incident brings brings the the the boy boy boy into into into contact contact contact with with with something something something that that that is is is perplexing perplexing perplexing and and and unpleasant, unpleasant, unpleasant, and and and is is is actually actually Nick Nick’’s initiation into the pain and violence of birth and death. 33．Robert Lee Frost, “The Road not Taken ”. The speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon two roads that diverged in a wood. IV ．34. 34. Hawthorne Hawthorne Hawthorne is is is a a a master master master of of of symbolism, symbolism, symbolism, which which which he he he took took took from from from the the the Puritan Puritan Puritan tradition tradition tradition and and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form. The symbol can be found everywhere in his writing, and his masterpiece provides the most conclusive proof. By using Pearl as a thematic symbol, Hawthorne emphasizes the consequence the sin of adultery has brought to the community and people living in that community. With the scarlet scarlet Letter Letter Letter A A A as as as the the the biggest biggest biggest symbol symbol symbol of of of all, all, all, Hawthorne Hawthorne Hawthorne proves proves proves himself himself himself to to to be be be one one one of of of the the the best best symbolists. symbolists. As As As a a a key key key to to to the the the whole whole whole novel, novel, novel, the the the letter letter letter A A A takes takes takes on on on different different different layers layers layers of of of symbolic symbolic meanings as the plot develops, but people come up with different interpretations and they do not know which one is definite. The scarlet letter A is ambiguous. And the ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of Hawthorne ’s art. 35. Hardy is regarded as a transitional writer not only because he lived at the turn of the century, but more importantly because there is the influence on him from both. He accepted the ideas of Darwin, and was influenced by Spencer, both of which were great thinkers of his time. But in his Wessex novels, there is an apparent nostalgic touch of the primitive rural life, which was gradually disappearing as England marched into an industrial country. So, on the one hand, there is bitter criticism of his towards the social reality in the Victorian age, on the other hand, the belief that man ’s fate is predeterminedly tragic colours mysteriously his characters characters who who who are are are always always always impotent impotent impotent before before before the the the half-blind half-blind half-blind and and and supernatural supernatural supernatural force. force. force. The The The conflicts conflicts between old and new, between the rural value and the utilitarian commercialism, between social moral and human passion are prints of longings for some better past while living in modern times. 。
英美文学期末复习资料汇总
Chiristopher Marlowe is the most prominent pastoral poet in the Elizabethan age. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love is one of Marlowe's most famous works, which influenced many generations. The narrator expressed his innocent, deep love to his admired girl through musical beauty and magnificent images in the poem and called her to live with him and be his love. Sound and image count a lot in this outstanding poem.When read this poem, we can strong feel the musical beauty. It is in regular iambic tetrameter with rhyme scheme aabb. Out of 24 lines, only 7 lines are not iambic. It makes the whole poem a beautiful folk song, sometime high, sometime low, reflecting the intensive emotion of the shepherd. At the beginning, the narrator called out directly" come live with me and be my love", showing his aspiration. The repetition of the sentence promotes the emotion, and perfects the structure. In the poem, out of 8 vowels, half are long vowels and half are short or diphthongs. They are set in the order of short, long, short,long ,with long vowels stressed and short vowels unstressed.The long vowels that gentle, quietexpress the shepherd's bosoming love to the girl. While the short vowels that are jumping, lively reveals the shepherd's athrill emotion. This juxtaposition of vowels makes the poem smooth but not slow,relaxed but not loose, and finally becomes a delightful, melodious love song.A good song must have good lyrics. The narrator used various beautiful things that to be seen, heard, touched, smelled to fulfill this love song. In the first stanza, the shepherd depicted us a harmonious rustic life picture. The valleys, groves, hills,fields, woods and mountains are typical pastoral images, which construct an fresh atmosphere at the beginning. Then the narrator used rivers, bird -sings, rose bed, ivy bus, etc from different aspects showed his love to the girl. The rustic images are clear and fresh, symboling the innocent love without any dirty purposes. Girls are all found of romance, so rose bed, gown, ivy buds appeared to persuade the girl to be his love. If she agree, all these niceness will be in her hand. What's more, various colours appear to readers' eyes. Green hill, white river, golden, red rose bed are full of passion and romance, which showed that the narrators was enthusiastic and even a little nervous. From it, we can feel he is quite serious and zealous to his affection. Beside, myrtle and ivy bus belongs to Venus who was supposed to be the most beautiful woman in the world. They implicated that the girl was the most beautiful one in his eyes. No woman can't be unmoved by such a passionate, romantic man.At last, the narrator used if to ask whether the girl would accept his love, showing his respect to his admired girl.Immersed in the musical beauty and nice images, readers fully feel the shepherd's passionate, innocent love to his girl. So, it's no wonder that it still be intoned by many people around the world now.论读书Comment on Francis Bacon’s Of StudiesOf Studies is one of famous works written by Francis Bacon’s, an English philosopher, statesman, and essayist of Elizabethan age. Francis Bacon comments forcefully on the value of reading and learning throughout this concise, one-paragraph essay. He strives to persuade us to study, andtells us how to study efficiently.Of Studies is an essay written to inform us of the benefits of studying, which tells us that natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study. It can be divided into three levels. In the first level, the writer tells the purposes or uses of studies: Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. The second level is to tell us the methods of reading books: Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. The last level introduces the effect of studies: Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing and exact man.Bacon applies many figures of speech to this essay, such as parallelism, ellipsis, simile and analogy. Those figures of speech contribute to express the author’s thought and make the essay infectious and persuasive.⑴parallelism and ellipsisParallelism is also called parallel structure. Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound or meaning. It appears throughout the whole essay. For example:① Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.② Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.③ Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.The orders are always from light to heavy, and usually from bottom to climax. This kind of arrangement simplifies the language structure and creates visual beauty of symmetry. From the stylistic functions, it is advantageous for expressing strong feelings, outstanding the emphasized contents, and enhancing the strength of language. In this essay, he uses a large amount of parallelism combined with ellipsis, making the essay more concise and the key information more prominent. Just like the first examples I mentioned above, the author omit “maketh”in the second and third parts to avoid repetition, which makes the sentence brief and concise.⑵Analogy and simile①“They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.”②“Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.”Analogy, a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance, is another important rhetorical device in Of Studies. In first sentence, the author compares the natural abilities to natural plants in order to make the sentence easy to understand. As we all know, if the natural plants are not to be pruned, they will grow out of shape. Thel analogy between the natural plants and natural abilities is vivid and let the readers know that experience can make up the deficiency of abilities. Simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. It is just used once in this essay. It shows in the second sentence. Bacon compares the “distilled books”to common “distilled waters”to criticize those whostudy books mainly depending on the extracts other readers made.Of Studies is an extremely outstanding work because of both its thoughts the writer wants to express and its languang style which affects mang people.“Ozymandias” is a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem metered in iambic pentameter: x / x / x / x / x / I met a traveller from an antique landx / x / x / x / x / Who said: "Two vast and trunkless legs of stoneThe rhyme scheme is ABABACDCEDEFEF.。
英美文学期末复习
1.Climax is the point at which one opposing force overcomes the other and conflict is resolved.高潮在这一点上,一个反对力量克服了其他和冲突解决。
2. round character and flat character: flat character is cartoon like, usu. exaggerated. Roundcharacter is lifelike, who has both advantages and disadvantages, grows as the plot develops andusu. undergoes some change.一样和平板字符:平淡的角色动画,usu.夸大。
圆形人物栩栩如生,谁都有各自的优势和劣势,随着情节发展,usu.经历一些变化。
3. Journey story is also called Picaresque novel, in which there is always a trip, and charactersgrow and develop along the journey, such as A Journey to the West, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.In this kind of story, there are lots of interesting episodes instead ofall-unifying plot旅程的故事也被称为流浪汉小说,总有一个旅行,和人物沿途的成长和发展,比《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
在这样的故事,有很多有趣的情节,而不是all-unifying 如《西游记》、阴谋4. Gothic novel is an old genre since 18th century, from which detective story, fantasy story,mystery story derive. 哥特式小说是一个古老的风格自18世纪以来,侦探小说,幻想故事,神秘的故事中。
英美文学期末考试复习提纲
Exercise:Multiple choices:1. America as a nation was founded in the year_______________.A. 1776B. 1783C. 1778D. 17802. ________ was regarded as a poet of the American Revolution.A. Philip FreneauB. Walt WhitmanC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Thomas Jefferson3. The ship ______ carried about onehundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic4. Among the following writers, who is not in American romanticism?A. PoeB. EmersonC. HawthorneD. Anne Bradstreet5. Washington Irving got his idea for hismost famous story, Rip Van Winkle, from a ________A. Greek legendB. German legendC. French legendD. English legend6. Rip Van Winkle is found in Irving’s longer work, ________A. The Sketch BookB. History of New YorkC. Tales of a TravelerD. The Precaution7. Which of the following is not true of Benjamin Franklin?A. printer and authorB. inventor and scientistC. professor and journalistD. diplomat and philosopher8. American___________ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and literary traditions and works.A. AtheismB. PuritanismC. DeismD. Cynicism9. Which of the following is not true of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin?A. It was the first and only work written about American Civil War.B. It is considered the first popular self-help book ever published.C. It was the first major secular American autobiography.D. It is the first real account of theAmerican Dream in action as told froma man who experienced it firsthand.10. Which of the following is not true about American Puritanism?A. All men have original sin.B. The atonement is limited.C. Women should be controlled by men for women have evil nature.D. God decided every thing before things occurred.11. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is considered a record of all the following except ______.A. self-persecutionB. self-improvementC. self-cultivationD. self-examination12. Washington Irving’s contribution to American literature is unique in more ways than one. He did all of the following except __________.A. the reverence for natureB. the worship of the headless horsemanC. the exhibition of the supernaturalD. the longing for the good old days13. Which of the following may not be the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson?A.“Trust thyself”B. “Make thyself”C. “Avoid extremes”D. “Build your own world”14. Among the following facts, which is true about Allan Poe?A. He liked to write on beautiful but dead women.B. He impressed his readers by his peaceful, light hearted and funny scenes.C. He lived an uneventful and comfortable life.D. He thought writing should teach readers moral lessons.15. The meanings of the letter “A” in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s famous novel The Scarlet Letter may include all of the following except ______.A. absenceB. ambiguityC. ableD. angel16. Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having devoted all his life to the creation of the “single” poem, ______.A．The Love Song of J．Alfred Prufrock B．The Waste LandC．Murder in the CathedralD．Leaves of Grass17. Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?A．It can be clearly defined as a part ofAmerican Romantic literary movement. B．It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively”.C．Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement. D．It sprang from South America in the late 19th century.18. The unofficial manifesto for the Transcendental Club was ______________, Emerson’s first little book, which established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A．The American Scholar B．Self— reliance C．Nature D．The Over—Soul 19. Which of the following statements might be true of the theme of Song of Myself by Whitman?A．This poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him and improved himselfaccordingly.B．This poem shows th e author’s cynical sentiments against the American Civil War.C．This poem reflects the author’s belief in Unitarianism or Deism.D．This poem reflects the author’s belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value.21. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is______.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman22. Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on humansociety at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as_______, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death23. The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ______ in the American literary history.A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature24. In _______, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.A. “Young Goodman Brown”B. “Rip Van Winkle”C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter”D. “Bartleby, the Scrivener”25. Like Nathaniel Hawthorne, _________ also manages to achieve the effect ofambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. R. W. EmersonD. Herman Melville26. The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of __________ to the outbreak of ___________.A. the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB. the 18th century…the American Civil WarC. the 17th century…the American Civil WarD. the 18th century…the U.S.-Mexican War27. The theme of Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle is _________.A. the conflict of human psycheB. the fight against racial discriminationC. the familial conflictD. the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past28. Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the "interior of the heart" of man's being. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed __________.A. love and hatredB. sin and evilC. frustration and self-denialD. balance and self-discipline29. In Moby-Dick, the white whale symbolizes _______for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A. natureB. human societyC. whaling industryD. truth30. Henry David Thoreau's work_______, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New EnglandTranscendentalism.A. WaldenB. The pioneersC. NatureD. Song of Myself31. Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of __, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. free verseD. iambic pentameter32. .Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A. Religion and immortality.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.33. Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel ______concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．Typee B．Redburn C．Moby-Dick D．Mardi34. Hawthorne intended to ______ in The Scarlet Letter.A．tell a story of parental loveB．tell a story of sin and bloody violence C．call the readers back to the plantation way of livingD．reveal the human psyche after they sinned35. Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only ______ had appeared during her lifetime.A．three B．fiveC．seven D．nineDefinition of terms36. Puritanism37. American Dream38. Transcendentalism39. Emerson’s Self-RelianceAppreciationPart A……We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness………40. Who is the writer of the words? Andwhat is the name of the document fromwhich the above words are selected? 41. What are the significances of the document?42. What are the writing features of the document?43. Make a brief comment on this document.Part BFrom morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.47. Who is the poet of the poem and what is the title of the poem?48. Tell the metrical structure and rhyme scheme of the poem.49. What does the “little being” refer to? What meaning is suggested by the phrase “but an hour”?50. Make a brief comment on this poem. Part CThe opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morning till night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep in the shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sundial. It is true he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipeincessantly. His adherents, however (for every great man has his adherents), perfectly understood him, and knew how to gather his opinions. When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds; and sometimes, taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would gravely nod his head in token of perfect approbation.From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in upon the tranquility of the assemblage and call the members all to naught; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, who chargedhim outright with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness.51. Who was the writer of this story?What is the title of this story?52. Who was Nicholas Vedder?53. How did he express his opinions on public matters?54. What are the possible themes of this story?Questions and answers55. Emerson's book Nature established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. In this book Emerson discusses his idea of the Oversoul. How do you understand the Emerson’s "Oversoul"?56. The theme of Hawthorn’s “The ScarletLetter”MatchingPoor Richard’s Almanac Washington IrvingWaldenErnest HemingwayThe Raven William FaulknerNatureMark TwainThe House of Seven Gables Nathaniel HawthorneThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow Herman MelvilleA Farewell to Arms Henry David ThoreauA Rose for Emily Ralph Waldo EmersonMoby Dick Benjamin FranklinThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Edgar Allan Poe。
英美文学期末考试
名词解释1. 、英国浪漫主义( E ngland Romanticism )A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in thwestern culture during most of the 19 century, beginning as revolt against classicism.Romanticism gave primary concern to passion emotion, and natural beauty. The English Romantic Period is an age of poetry.2. 英雄双行体( Heroic Couplet )Heroic couplet is a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often containing a complete though. There is a fairly heavy at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or an antithesis within a line, or between the two lines. It is called heroic because in England, especially in the eighteenth century, it was much used for heroic (epic) poems.3. 超验主义( Transcendentalism )In New England, an intellectual movement known transcendentalism developed as an American version of Romanticism. The movement began among an influential set authors based in Concord, Massachusetts, and was led Ralph Waldo Emerson. Like Romanticism, transcendentalismrejected both 18 th -century rationalism and established religion, which for the transcendentalistsmeant the Puritan tradition in particular. Instead, the transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. The transcendentalists found their chief source of aspiration in nature.4. 迷茫的一代( L ost Generation )The Lost Generation refers to the disillusioned intellectuals and artists of the yearsfollowing the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or cynical hedonism.5. 启蒙运动( E nlightenment Movement )The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive movement, which flourished in France and swept the whole Western Europe at the time. It was ath thfurtherance of the Renaissance from the 14 to the 17 century. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artisticideas. The eighteenth century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement inEurope known as the Enlightenment Movement.7. 无韵体blank verseThis term , which was first brought into England by Surrey , is used to name theunrhymed iambic pentameter line in poetry.8. 三一律The Three UnitiesThe Three Unities , formulated by Renaissance dramatists, are the unities of time, place and action. A play should have no scenesirrelevant to the action, should not cover more than twenty-four hours, and should not cover more than one locale.6. 自由体free verseIt is the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without attention to conventional rules of meter.9. 现代主义M odernismModernism was a complex and diverse international, movement in all creative arts, originating about the end of the 19 century. It provided the greatest renaissance of the 20 century. It was made up of many facts, such as symbolism surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.10. 英国文艺复兴RenaissanceThe term refers to a great bourgeois cultural movement in Europe which began in the 14 century and continued to the mid-17 century. It first started fromItaly and then spread all over Europe. The Renaissance, therefore, inessence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe.英国文学1. Beowulf : a national epic2. The Renaissance（原因）：（1）rediscoveries of ancient Greek and Roman culture.（2）discoveries in geography and astrology.（3）Religious reformation and economic expansion.3. William Shakespeare 四大悲剧：《Hamlet 》《Othello 》《Macbeth 》《KingLear 》喜剧：《The Merchant of Venice 》: It is a comedy dramatic ironic to Christian.17 世纪：4. John Milton（约翰弥尔顿）《Paradise Lost 》blank verse（无韵体诗）5. John Bunyan（约翰班扬）《The Pilgrim ’ s Progress 》（天路历程）：让人遵守宗教条例并且通过不断与自己薄弱意识和恶势力作斗争来自我拯救。
英美文学题库英美文学期末复习题
I. Choose the one that would best complete the statement below. (30 points, 2 points each)1. ______ is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. BeowulfB. The Canterbury TalesC. Don JuanD. Paradise Lost2. John Dryden called ______ the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpencerC. John MiltonD. John Donne3. The Merchant of Venice is a ________.A. tragedyB. comedyC. history playD. tragicomedy4. Hamlet faces the dilemma between ______.A. action and mindB. dream and realityC. money and powerD. hate and love5. John Milton’s masterpiece is his ______.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica6. Robert Frost is a regional poet in the sense that his poems depict mostly ______.A. the frontier lifeB. The sea adventuresC. the Puritan communityD. New England landscape7. The novel ________ is not written by Henry James.A. The AmbassadorsB. The Wings of the DoveC. The BostoniansD. The Mysterious Stranger8. In the 1920s decade, O’Neill established an international reputation with such plays as ______.A. The Emperor JonesB. Anna ChristieC. The Hairy ApeD. all of the above9. Fitzgerald’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age, in which he shows a particular interest in ______ society.A. the middle-classB. the upper-classC. the lower-middle-classD. the working-class10. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ______, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view11. The following are Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies except __________.A. HamletB. OthelloC. Twelfth NightD. King Lear12. __________ is a novella about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the winter in Rome, and it brought Henry James international fame for the first time.A. The AmericanB. The EuropeansC. Daisy MillerD. The Portrait of A lady13. John Donne is the leading figure of ________.A. Lake PoetsB. Graveyard SchoolC. Satanic PoetsD. Metaphysical School14. In Jane Austen’s novels, life and human nature are exposed __________________.A. at moments of crisisB. during the battlesC. in the most trivial incidents of everydayD. through the traveling15. The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature except ________.A. William FaulknerB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. John SteinbeckD. Ernest HemingwayII. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase. (30 points, 2points each)16. Edmund Spenser’s masterpiece is _________, a great poem of its age.17. Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected _________ and made it the principle medium of English drama.18. As a lexicographer, Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman: _________, a gigantic task which Johnson undertook single-handedly and finished in over seven years.19. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in _________.20. _________ has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.21. Mark Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as _____________, a unique variation of American literary realism.22. Pound was the leader of a new movement in Poetry which he called “_________” movement.23. Dreiser broke away form the genteel tradition of literature and dramatized the life in a very _________ way24. One of the most familiar themes in American naturalism is the theme of human _________, especially as an explanation of sexual desire.25. Two major figures of black fiction in America are ________ and Ralph Ellison.26. Apart from Darwinism, the two thinkers whose ideas had the greatest impact on the Modernism period were the German________ and the Austrian Sigmund Freud.27. With the Norman Conquest starts the ________ Period in English Literature.28. Emily Bronte’s masterpiece is ___________29.Ulysses gives an account of man’s life during one day in ________30. In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared a group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-classor working class background, they demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. They were known as “_______________”.III. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. (18 points, 6 points each)31．“Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”32. His father picked the baby up and slapped it to make it breathe and handed it to the old woman.“See, it’s a boy, Nick,” he said. “How do you like being an internee?”Nick said, “All right.” He was looking away so as not to see what his father was doing.33. “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;”IV. Give brief answers to the following questions. (22 points, 11 points each)34. Why do we say Hawthorne is a master of symbolism? Give at least two examples of symbols from The Scarlet Letter.35. Why is Thomas Hardy often regarded as a transitional writer?期末复习题答案I．1 A 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 6.D 7.D 8. D 9. B 10. C 11 C 12 C 13 D 14 C 15 CII．16. The Faerie Queene17. the blank verse 18. A Dictionary of the English Language 19. heroic couplets 20. Henry Fielding 21. local colorism 22. Imagist 23. realistic 24. bestiality25. Richard Wright 26. Karl Marx 27. Medieval 28. Wuthering Heights 29. Dublin 30. The Angry Young ManIII．31. William Shakespeare: Sonnet 18. A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever.32. This is from “Indian Camp,” one of the fourteen short stories collected under the title of In Our Time by Ernest Hemingway.Nick watches his father deliver an Indian woman of a baby by Caesarian section. This incident brings the boy into contact with something that is perplexing and unpleasant, and is actually Nick’s initiation into the pain and violence of birth and death.33．Robert Lee Frost, “The Road not Taken”.The speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon two roads that diverged in a wood.IV．34. Hawthorne is a master of symbolism, which he took from the Puritan tradition and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form.The symbol can be found everywhere in his writing, and his masterpiece provides the most conclusive proof. By using Pearl as a thematic symbol, Hawthorne emphasizes the consequence the sin of adultery has brought to the community and people living in that community. With the scarlet Letter A as the biggest symbol of all, Hawthorne proves himself to be one of the best symbolists. As a key to the whole novel, the letter A takes on different layers of symbolic meanings as the plot develops, but people come up with different interpretations and they do not know which one is definite. The scarlet letter A is ambiguous. And the ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of Hawthorne’s art.35. Hardy is regarded as a transitional writer not only because he lived at the turn of the century, but more importantly because there is the influence on him from both.He accepted the ideas of Darwin, and was influenced by Spencer, both of which were great thinkers of his time. But in his Wessex novels, there is an apparent nostalgic touch of the primitive rural life, which was gradually disappearing as England marched into an industrial country.So, on the one hand, there is bitter criticism of his towards the social reality in the Victorian age, on the other hand, the belief that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic colours mysteriously his characters who are always impotent before the half-blind and supernatural force. The conflicts between old and new, between the rural value and the utilitarian commercialism, between social moral and human passion are prints of longings for some better past while living in modern times.。
英美文学期末考试
名词解释1、英国浪漫主义（ England Romanticism）A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art inthcentury, beginning as revolt against western culture during most of the 19classicism. Romanticism gave primary concern to passion emotion, and natural beauty. The English Romantic Period is an age of poetry.2. 英雄双行体（ Heroic Couplet）Heroic couplet is a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often containing a complete though. There is a fairly heavy at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or anantithesis within a line, or between the two lines. It is called heroic because in England, especially in the eighteenth century, it was much used for heroic (epic) poems.3. 超验主义（ Transcendentalism）In New England, an intellectual movement known transcendentalismdeveloped as an American version of Romanticism. The movement began among an influential set authors based in Concord, Massachusetts, andwas led Ralph Waldo Emerson. Like Romanticism,transcendentalismrejected both 18th-century rationalism and established religion, which for the transcendentalistsmeant the Puritan tradition inparticular. Instead, the transcendentalists celebrated the power of thehuman imagination to commune with the universe and transcend thelimitations of the material world. The transcendentalists found their chief source of aspiration in nature.4.迷茫的一代（ Lost Generation）The Lost Generation refers to the disillusioned intellectuals and artists of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or cynical hedonism.5.启蒙运动（ Enlightenment Movement）The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive movement, which flourished in France and swept the whole Western Europe at the time. It was ath thfurtherance of the Renaissance from the 14 to the 17century. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The eighteenth century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment Movement.7.无韵体 blank verseThis term , which was first brought into England by Surrey , is used toname the unrhymed iambic pentameter line in poetry.8.三一律 The Three UnitiesThe Three Unities , formulated by Renaissance dramatists, are the unities of time, place and action. A play should have no scenesirrelevant to the action, should not cover more than twenty-four hours, and should not cover more than one locale.6.自由体 free verseIt is the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without attention toconventional rules of meter.9.现代主义ModernismModernism was a complex and diverse international, movement in all creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century. It provided the greatestrenaissance of the 20th century. It was made up of many facts, such as symbolism surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.10.英国文艺复兴RenaissanceThe term refers to a great bourgeois cultural movement in Europe which began th thin the 14 century and continued to the mid-17 century. It first started from Italy and then spread all over Europe. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe.英国文学1.Beowulf : a national epic2.The Renaissance(原因 )：(1)rediscoveries of ancient Greek and Roman culture.(2)discoveries in geography and astrology.(3)Religious reformation and economic expansion.3.William Shakespeare四大悲剧：《Hamlet》《Othello》《Macbeth》《KingLear 》喜剧：《The Merchant of Venice》: It is a comedy dramatic ironic to Christian. 17世纪：4.John Milton( 约翰弥尔顿 )《 Paradise Lost》 blank verse(无韵体诗 )5.John Bunyan(约翰班扬 )《The Pilgrim’s Progress》（天路历程）：让人遵守宗教条例并且通过不断与自己薄弱意识和恶势力作斗争来自我拯救。
专升本《英美文学》期末考试复习题及参考答案
《英美文学》专升本一1. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the poetry.A. paganB. religiousC. romanticD. sentimental2. In the 14th century, the most important writer is .A. LanglandB. WyclifC. GowerD. Chaucer3. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare4. Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets?A. George HerbertB. John MiltonC. John DonneD. Richard Lovelace5. Of the many contemporaries and successors of Shakespeare, the most important and well-known was , who became “the Poet Laureate” in 1616.A. John DrydenB. Ben JonsonC. Samuel JohnsonD. Robert Southey6. was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century.A. The RenaissanceB. The EnlightenmentC. The Religious ReformationD. The Chartist Movement7. The main literary stream of the 18th century was . What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. classicismD. realism8. was Pope’s poem which satirized the idle and artificial life of thearistocracy.A. The Rape of the LockB. The Rape of LucreceC. The School for ScandalD. Every Man in His Humor9. In the last twenty years of the 18th century, England produced two great romanticpoets. They are __________.。
【VIP专享】英美文学期末考试复习提纲
Exercise:Multiple choices:1. America as a nation was founded in the year_______________.A. 1776B. 1783C. 1778D. 17802. ________ was regarded as a poet of the American Revolution.A. Philip FreneauB. Walt WhitmanC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Thomas Jefferson3. The ship ______ carried about onehundred Pilgrims and took 66 days tobeat its way across the Atlantic. InDecember of 1620, it put the Pilgrimsashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic4. Among the following writers, who is not in American romanticism?A. PoeB. EmersonC. HawthorneD. Anne Bradstreet5. Washington Irving got his idea for hismost famous story, Rip Van Winkle, froma ________A. Greek legendB. German legendC. French legendD. English legend6. Rip Van Winkle is found in Irving’s longer work, ________A. The Sketch BookB. History of New YorkC. Tales of a TravelerD. The Precaution7. Which of the following is not true of Benjamin Franklin?A. printer and authorB. inventor and scientistC. professor and journalistD. diplomat and philosopher8. American___________ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and literary traditions and works.A. AtheismB. PuritanismC. DeismD. Cynicism9. Which of the following is not true of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin?A. It was the first and only work written about American Civil War.B. It is considered the first popular self-help book ever published.C. It was the first major secular American autobiography.D. It is the first real account of theAmerican Dream in action as told froma man who experienced it firsthand.10. Which of the following is not true about American Puritanism?A. All men have original sin.B. The atonement is limited.C. Women should be controlled by men for women have evil nature.D. God decided every thing before things occurred.11. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is considered a record of all the following except ______.A. self-persecutionB. self-improvementC. self-cultivationD. self-examination12. Washington Irving’s contribution to American literature is unique in more ways than one. He did all of the following except __________.A. the reverence for natureB. the worship of the headless horsemanC. the exhibition of the supernaturalD. the longing for the good old days13. Which of the following may not be the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson?A.“Trust thyself”B. “Make thyself”C. “Avoid extremes”D. “Build your own world”14. Among the following facts, which is true about Allan Poe?A. He liked to write on beautiful but dead women.B. He impressed his readers by his peaceful, light hearted and funny scenes.C. He lived an uneventful and comfortable life.D. He thought writing should teach readers moral lessons.15. The meanings of the letter “A” in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s famous novel The Scarlet Letter may include all of the following except ______.A. absenceB. ambiguityC. ableD. angel16. Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having devoted all his life to the creation of the “single” poem, ______.A．The Love Song of J．Alfred Prufrock B．The Waste LandC．Murder in the CathedralD．Leaves of Grass17. Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?A．It can be clearly defined as a part ofAmerican Romantic literary movement. B．It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively”.C．Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement. D．It sprang from South America in the late 19th century.18. The unofficial manifesto for the Transcendental Club was ______________, Emerson’s first little book, which established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A．The American ScholarB．Self— relianceC．Nature D．The Over—Soul19. Which of the following statements might be true of the theme of Song of Myself by Whitman?A．This poem describes the growth of achild who learned about the worldaround him and improved himself accordingly.B．This poem shows the author’s cynical sentiments against the American CivilWar.C．This poem reflects the author’s belief in Unitarianism or Deism.D．This poem reflects the author’s belief inthe singularity and equality of all beingsin value.21. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is______.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman22. Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in themeand technique, they differ from each otherin a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as_______, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death23. The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ______ in the American literary history.A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature24. In _______, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.A. “Young Goodman Brown”B. “Rip Van Winkle”C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter”D. “Bartleby, the Scrivener”25. Like Nathaniel Hawthorne, _________ also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. R. W. EmersonD. Herman Melville26. The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of __________ to the outbreak of ___________. A. the 17th century…the American War of Independence B. the 18th century…the American Civil War C. the 17th century…the American Civil War D. the 18th century…the U.S.-Mexican War27. The theme of Washington Irving's RipVan Winkle is _________. A. the conflict of human psyche B. the fight against racial discrimination C. the familial conflict D. the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past28. Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the "interior of the heart" of man's being. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed __________.A. love and hatredB. sin and evilC. frustration and self-denialD. balance and self-discipline29. In Moby-Dick, the white whale symbolizes _______for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A. natureB. human societyC. whaling industryD. truth30. Henry David Thoreau's work_______,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.A. WaldenB. The pioneersC. NatureD. Song ofMyself31. Walt Whitman was a pioneering figureof American poetry. His innovation firstof all lies in his use of __, poetry without afixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. free verseD. iambic pentameter32. .Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which ofthe following is NOT a usual subject ofher poetic expression?A. Religion and immortality.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.33. Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel ______ concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．Typee B．Redburn C．Moby-Dick D．Mardi34. Hawthorne intended to ______ in The Scarlet Letter.A．tell a story of parental loveB．tell a story of sin and bloody violence C．call the readers back to the plantation way of livingD．reveal the human psyche after they sinned35. Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only ______ had appeared during her lifetime.A．three B．fiveC．seven D．nineDefinition of terms36. Puritanism37. American Dream38. Transcendentalism39. Emerson’s Self-RelianceAppreciationPart A……We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness………40. Who is the writer of the words? Andwhat is the name of the document fromwhich the above words are selected? 41. What are the significances of the document?42. What are the writing features of the document?43. Make a brief comment on this document.Part BFrom morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.47. Who is the poet of the poem and what is the title of the poem?48. Tell the metrical structure and rhyme scheme of the poem.49. What does the “little being” refer to? What meaning is suggested by the phrase “but an hour”?50. Make a brief comment on this poem. Part CThe opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morning till night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep in the shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements asaccurately as by a sundial. It is true he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly. His adherents, however (for every great man has his adherents), perfectly understood him, and knew how to gather his opinions. When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds; and sometimes, taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would gravely nod his head in token of perfect approbation.From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in upon the tranquility of the assemblage and call the members all to naught; nor was that august personage, NicholasVedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, who charged him outright with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness.51. Who was the writer of this story?What is the title of this story?52. Who was Nicholas Vedder?53. How did he express his opinions on public matters?54. What are the possible themes of this story?Questions and answers55. Emerson's book Nature established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. In this book Emerson discusses his idea of the Oversoul. How do you understand the Emerson’s "Oversoul"?56. The theme of Hawthorn’s “The ScarletLetter”MatchingPoor Richard’s Almanac Washington IrvingWaldenErnest HemingwayThe Raven William FaulknerNatureMark TwainThe House of Seven Gables Nathaniel HawthorneThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow Herman MelvilleA Farewell to Arms Henry David ThoreauA Rose for Emily Ralph Waldo EmersonMoby Dick Benjamin FranklinThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Edgar Allan Poe。
原题目：英语专业英美文学选读课程期末考试复习题
原题目：英语专业英美文学选读课程期末考试复习题一、选择题（每题5分，共40分）1. 下列哪位作家是19世纪初英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 弗朗西斯·贝金斯·布伯尔C. 爱米莉·勃朗特D. 简·艾尔洛克2. 被誉为“美国民族史诗”的作品是下面哪部？A. 《老人与海》B. 《汤姆·索亚历险记》C. 《伊娃》D. 《飘》3. 以下哪位作家是英国维多利亚时期的代表作家？A. 威廉·莎士比亚B. 查尔斯·狄更斯C. 托马斯·哈代D. 奥斯卡·王尔德4. 被称为“现代英国戏剧之父”的剧作家是下方哪位？A. 卡尔·马克思B. 乔治·肖伯纳C. 亨利·詹姆斯D. 奥斯卡·王尔德5. 以下哪位作家是美国现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 艾米丽·狄金森B. 罗伯特·弗罗斯特C. 弗朗茨·卡夫卡D. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫6. 下列哪本小说以揭示人性之恶而著称？A. 《飘》B. 《1984》C. 《傲慢与偏见》D. 《哈姆雷特》7. 哪位作家被称为“20世纪最重要的英国小说家之一”？A. 威廉·莎士比亚B. 乔治·奥威尔C. 哈珀·李D. 东尼·莫里森8. 以下哪本小说描写了苏格兰高地的历史与风俗？A. 《呼啸山庄》B. 《麦田里的守望者》C. 《钟楼怪人》D. 《华尔街》二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 请简要解释英国维多利亚时期文学的主要特点。
2. 简要介绍美国现代主义文学的主要代表作家及作品。
三、论述题（20分）请从英国儿童文学和美国南方文学的角度分析比较《奥神领地》和《哈利·波特与魔法石》的文学特点和传达的主题。
四、创作题（20分）请根据自己的创作能力和理解，以《失乐园》为题材，写一篇关于对科技革命带来的道德困境和对人类价值的思考的短文。
英美文学期末复习资料1
英美文学期末复习资料1Terms:Romance：it is alliterative and metrical and sings of knightly adventures or other deeds, and usually emphasizes the chivalric love of the Middle Ages in Europe.Epic is an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. It deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance.A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. There are two basic types of sonnets, the Italian and t he English Sonnet. Shakespeare’s sonnet consists of three quatrains with a rhyming scheme abab cdcd efef and ends with a couplet rhyming gg. In the three quatrains the theme is put forward and developed, and in the couplet the sonnet ends with a surprise conclusion or a shift of ideas.Heroic couplet: a pair of iambic pentameter linesFoot is the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed sounds in a poem.Rhyme：the repetition of sounds of importantly positioned words in a poem.The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1)It refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present, with death and graveyard as theams.2)Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is its most representative work.ImagismIt is poetic movement that flourished in the united sates and Britain between 1909 and 1917. the outstanding leader of the movement is the American poet Ezra Pound who laid down 3 principles for imagism with some other imagist poets. They are: 1. direct treatment of poetic subjects, 2. elimination of ornamental or superfluous words, and 3. the use of musical phrases for the effect of rhythm. These poems should be short. They are composed for cadence rather than metrical regulation.Jazz age refers to the 1920s. In that period, young men and women indulged in themselves in crazy social excitement or dissipation caused by the collapse of moral standards during and following World War I. The term was established by Fitzgerald in his Tales of the Jazz Age.Lost generation: it is used to describe the American artists after WWI. It described the Americans in Paris as a colony of expatriates or exiles. After WWI, the young American writers, such as Hemingway, Pound and Fitzgerald, choose Paris as their place of exile. Most of them had been wounded in the war. An American woman writer named Gertrude Stein, welcomed these young writers to her apartment which as famous as a literary salon. She called them the lost generation. They had cut themselves off from the past in America in order to create new types of writing.The Canterbury Tales1. It is the general prologue and separate prologues to assemble a rather large group of tales into a single work.2. They want to seek the holy blissful martyr and express their gratitude to the martyr. Their pilgrimage means to a journey of repentance, so that when they reach Canterbury, they could repent their vices and dirty secrets and hope to be cleansed of allsins.The season-springtime and the nature play very important roles in symbolism. The pilgrim begins in the April-springtime; it is the beginning of the poem. So the springtime here is the symbol of the fresh beginning of life. In spring, all the things begin to recover-------sweet showers, budding flowers, and signing birds and so on. All these images are the symbol of new life.3. According to the prio ress’s portrait, we know that she is depicted by Chaucer into beautiful, well -educated and elegant woman with a gentle and warm heart. Moreover, the author seldom mentions how she prays and helps the poor people. In the end of the prologue, the authors describes his golden brooch inscribed ambiguously Amor vincit omnia (Virgil's "Love conquers all"). This is very important for explaining her reason why she undertakes this pilgrimage. Although she is a nun, she longs for sweet and noble love hoping that she could go back to lead a secular life with her beloved man one day. She hopes to worship the saint and realize her wish.4. The narrator uses looks, speeches and actions to describe the prioress in space order from top to bottom.5. The Wife of Bath is the only woman, beside the Prioress and her companion Nun, on this pilgrimage. She has traveled all over the world on pilgrimages, so Canterbury is a jaunt compared to other perilous journeys she has endured. Not only has she seen many lands, she has lived with five husbands apart from other loves she has in her youth. Her elaborate dress is a sign of her character as well as her wealth, but she is still unhappy about her marriage; we can see from the 2nd line from the end “and knew the remedies for love’s mischance.”She hopes to confessher sins and get the forgiveness of the saint and beautiful love through the pilgrimage to Canterbury.6. Compared with the depiction of the prioress, the wife of Bath is not affirmed by Chaucer. From her the interaction with other women, we see that she easily lose temper. Moreover, her luxury clothing--- her red stockings symbolize her lustful nature, and her gap-teeth implies she has great desire for much more love and sex. The last line of the excerpt indicates that she is good at all the old tricks of the art. No matter in ancient or modern time, all her behaviors are not accepted to be a elegant lady by people.The three ravens1.what happens in this ballad？"The Three Ravens" is an English folk ballad. The ballad takes the form of three scavenger birds conversing about where and what they should eat. One mentions a recently slain knight, but they find he is guarded by his loyal hawks and hounds. Furthermore, a "fallow doe", an obvious metaphor for the knight's pregnant ("as great with young as she might go") lover or mistress comes to his body, kisses his wounds, bears him away, and buries him, leaving the ravens without an apparent meal. The narrator, however, gradually departs from the ravens' point of view, ending with “G od send euery gentleman/Such haukes, such hounds, and such a Leman” - the comment of the narrator on the action, rather than the ravens whose discussion he earlier describes.2.What is the mood of this ballad?The mood of this ballad is tragic. The knight died in battle, the ravens wanted to eat his corpse. Although the hero was gone, his hounds and hawks were accompanying him, protecting hisdead body. His mistress-doe got him up on her back and buried him near a lake; she died for love in the end, staying together with her lover. People are moved to shed tear by the love of constancy, which reflects people’s desire for persistent love.3.What is the theme?The theme is loyalty, love of constancy and eternity.The Merchant of Venice1.Portia is a very witty and clever young woman in the renaissance period. Beforeshe comes to the court of justice of V enice, she has known the case very well and got an elaborate plan for setting up the Jew-shylock. She is very clear about the flaw of the bond between shylock and Antonio. So she has to make the Jew state clearly in the public that the bond must be adhered to, he could not take back what he said in the end and but to carry on the bond. If he can not cut off a pound of flesh without a drop of blood, he must be a loser in the case.2.In the end of the act, shylock can not get back his principle. According to the lawsof V enice, if an alien tries to contrive the life of any citizen in a direct or indirect way, one half of his property will be given to the victim-Antonio, another half will be confiscated into the state of V enice, and the life of the offender’s lies in the mercy of the Duke. However,the kind duke pardons shylock before he asks it, Antonio appeal to the duke to quit the fine of one half of Jew’s goods , and his another half given to Antonio will be rendered to his daughter and son-in-law after shylock passes away. So we can see the Christians show a very generous spirit toward the Jew, and the story has a very happy ending on the surface.3.Y es, we have to say Shylock is a sympathetic character insome aspects.Shylock is a Jew, but he is still a human being who has blood and flesh just as every Christian has. He is strong-minded and respected by his own people; he is persistent in his belief. He loves his daughter though he loved money more. But he lives is in a world where his Jewish belief can not be tolerated and his people is regarded as a lower people, where he is contempted and abused often because of his Jewish religion, where he can neither own the land nor earn money freely because of his religious difference. Hence, he just can make a living as a usurer. Moreover, his rival-Antonio in business often lends money to others at very low interest rate. It is very natural for shylock to have a strong resentful feeling toward Antonio and to take a revenge on him. On the other hand, his friends-Lorenzo and Bassano frame a plot：they pretend to invite shylock to attend a party they hold, but Lorenzo elopes with shylock’s daughter-Jessica at the party, which intensifies the decision of his revenge on Antonio.So, we have to say shylock is sympathetic figure in the aspects of religious discrimination and the losing of his beloved daughter.4.It is not just and proper to force shylock to convert to Christianity.Yes, this kind of religious arrogance still exists today, such as the war between Israel-Judaism and the Arabic countries-Islamism. Jerusalem is their common holy place.The chimney sweeper3. Why was Tom happy and warm after the dream?In the dream, the angel tell Tom that he is a good boy because of T om’s hard work and obedience, and will have Godfor his father and be happy for ever. Tom is greatly inspired by angel’s words, believing that God would free him from the hardships. Someday, he would not be an orphan and possess love, joy and warmth a child should have enjoyed at that age.4. What role does religion play towards the boys according to the poem?Religion plays a very important role towards the boys; it is their spiritual pillar to live through the miserable and inhumane life. They worship and believe that God would bless and bring them happiness and warmth.1.In the two poems, the author skillfully employs the light and dark imagery to helpconvey his themes.In the first one, the poet uses the child’s name "Dacre", "white hair", "black coffins"and "naked and white body" to put his ideas. "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". I think the author has some implication here. It indicates the darkness of chimney sweepers' working and livin g condition. While Tom’s "white hair" and "naked and white body” symbolize the boys’naivety and pureness. And the black coffins represent the soot world they are living in and the doomed early death.In the second one, the poet emphasizes the children’s innocence and tragic fate by comparing the black clothes the boys wear with the snow.1.William writes the poem to protest the living conditions, working conditions, andthe overall treatment of young chimney sweeps in the cities of England, and make a harsh attack on the ignorance and indifference of the chimney sweepers’ parents and thecorruption and degeneration of the English church in the late 18th century.2.In the first one, we can see that the chimney sweepers are suffering frommisfortune and misery but they do not lose hope and confidence toward religious belief and have a positive attitude life.In the second one, they are very disappointed at their parents, the church and society. They just could weep, weep, looking so helpless and hopeless in the cold winter’s snow.Pride and Prejudice1．“It is a truth universally acknowledged ,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”The opening sentence means that everybody knows that a rich single man wants to marry a wife. The narrator reveals that the reverse is also true: a single woman, whose socially prescribed options are quite limited, is in want of a husband desperately. In this novel, it suggests that the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession, and the marriage is not the result of love but the result of the economic needs.2.In this novel, the couple Bennet does not have any son but five daughters.under the law of the time, if Mr. Bennet dies one day, the family estate will pass on to his nearest male relation, a clergyman called Mr. Collins. None of their daughters can inherit the property of their farther; the only way to ensure the comfortable and rich lives of their daughter is to let them marry men in possession of a large fortune. Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to keep their lives and become wealthier,especially for a woman without any possession. When a single man appears with a large fortune; four or five thousand a year, that will be good news for their girls. So Mrs. Bennet insists that her husband call on the new arrival immediately.Mr. Bennet has married a sexually attractive woman, later he finds she is an unintelligent, irritable, excitable and ill-bred woman. He is going to be driven crazy by his nervous, gossipy饶舌的and garrulous 唠叨的wife after marriage. It is obvious that they have no common interest in books and social and political views, it is a failing marriage. However, Mr. Bennet is a very amiable and somewhat eccentric man with a sense of sarcastic humour, and he can only derive amusement by teasing his "nervous" wife and three "silly" daughters--Mary, Kitty and Lydia. Although he has visited Mr. Bingley, he pretends to have no interest in doing so, tormenting his nervous wife.3. All of them are astonished by the good news Mr. Bennet brings, they are overjoyedand excited. Mr. Bennet speaks highly of her good husband, all of her daughters are talking about the young rich Mr. Bingley and the coming party.4. We can see that it is an unsuccessful marriage. Mr. Bennet can not put up with thenervousness, ignorance and chatter of his wife; he just isolates himself from hisfamily and finds refuge in his library and in mocking his wife. Austen shows that it is necessary to use good judgment to select a spouse; otherwise the two people will lose respect for each other. Hasty marriages acting on impulse, and based on superficial qualities will not survive and will lead to inevitable unhappiness.1. Humor refers to a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughterThese humors suggest that the tone of the novel is light, satirical, and vivid.2. Irony is a method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense. Jane Austen always used irony in her works to express her opinions about some phenomena and people.Mr. Bennett’s conversation is quite ironic and very satirical, because of his extreme politeness and playful innocence, which in result upsets Mrs. Bennet. That provides humor for the reader as a result of his dramatic character. Mrs. Bennett’s character is not ironic in the least, but it is the blending of both characters that bring about the irony. Such foils point out to the readers the ridiculousness of human nature.3. Dialogue plays a very important role to character development. It is one of the ways of direct emotional expression of characters’ personality and the basic means of character development in literature.In pride and prejudice, the author seldom describes the appearance of the characters and highlights the distinct personality of the characters by the means of dialogues between people. For instance, the first two chapters are almost made up of dialogues; the author makes the dialogues between Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Bennett displays their personalities fully. By employing the dialogues, Austen shows us Mr. Bennet is a man of intricate character and quick wit. His teasing tone and sarcastic humor are just beyond his wife’s u nderstanding. While Mrs.Bennet, an empty-headed woman, is simple and na?ve,eager to talk with any slight encouragement.The characters come alive through dialogue for their true nature reveals itself in the way the characters speak. Besides, the conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life.4. Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen’s great masterpiece, a sharp and witty comedy of manners in early 19th century English society. The women in Austen’s age, lived in a patri archal society, a world in which women were strictly limited, but men held all the advantages. And under such a society, women forfeited their personal personalities and own integrities. They could not entail their fathers’ estate, which was a quite affair to the daughters in the Bennets. They could do nothing to change unchangeable social rule. In this novel, for a woman, generally the only way to her is to get married besides being spinsterhood or governess. To marry a rich and high status man, is a path for the young women to gain financial security and social status. Here Austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudice, thereby implying that women should strive for their own love and happiness, but not accord with the social will.。
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1.Climax is the point at which one opposing force overcomes the other and conflict is resolved.高潮在这一点上,一个反对力量克服了其他和冲突解决。
2. round character and flat character: flat character is cartoon like, usu. exaggerated. Round character is lifelike, who has both advantages and disadvantages, grows as the plot develops and usu. undergoes some change.一样和平板字符:平淡的角色动画,usu.夸大。
圆形人物栩栩如生,谁都有各自的优势和劣势,随着情节发展,usu.经历一些变化。
3. Journey story is also called Picaresque novel, in which there is always a trip, and characters grow and develop along the journey, such as A Journey to the West, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.In this kind of story, there are lots of interesting episodes instead of all-unifying plot旅程的故事也被称为流浪汉小说,总有一个旅行,和人物沿途的成长和发展,比如《西游记》、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
在这样的故事,有很多有趣的情节,而不是all-unifying阴谋4. Gothic novel is an old genre since 18th century, from which detective story, fantasy story, mystery story derive. 哥特式小说是一个古老的风格自18世纪以来,侦探小说,幻想故事,神秘的故事中。
5. Novels of the soil focus on country life, and usu. more on its hardship than on its pleasure.土壤的小说关注乡村生活,和usu.更困难比快乐。
6. The plot development in a fiction or drama can be divided into five stages: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. 小说或戏剧的情节发展可分为五个阶段:博览会,上行,高潮,下降动作,决议。
7. Essays can be divided into narration, description, exposition, argumentation论文可以分为叙述、描述、博览会、论证8. American literature can be divided into5 stages:Colonial Period, Reason and revolution, romanticism, realism, modernism美国文学可分为5个阶段:殖民时期,理性和革命浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义9. Figure of speech: personification treats objects as human beings, which are described with human emotion and action.图的言论:化身把对象作为人类,与人类情感和行为描述。
10. Poetry can be divided into three types: narrative(ballard, epic, etc), dramatic, lyric.诗歌可分为三种类型:叙事(巴拉德、史诗等),戏剧性,抒情。
11. Allegory is a story in which events and human characters representabstract ideas and teach a moral lesson. While fable is usu. Written for kids,and the characters are often animals.寓言故事的事件和人物代表抽象的概念和给一个道德教训。
而寓言一般,为孩子们写的和人物往往是动物。
12. Noah Webster is a lexicographer, who onc e said “America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms.”诺亚·韦伯斯特词典编纂者,曾说过“美国必须像她那样独立的文学在政治、艺术作为武器一样出名。
”13. Washington Irving is the father of American Literature. His style includes entertainment, humor, vivid plot and characters, musical rhythm, historical elements. He wrote Rip V an Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, A History of New York, The Sketch Book华盛顿·欧文是美国文学之父。
他的风格包括娱乐、幽默、生动的情节和人物,音乐节奏,历史元素。
他写了里普·万·温克尔,无头骑士的传说,纽约的历史素描的书14. James Cooper is first major frontier novel writer, who starts the tradition of writing western frontier life. His Leatherstocking Tales center around the hunter Natty Bumppo, including Deerslayer, Pathfinder, The Last of Mohicans,Pioneers, Prairie詹姆斯·库珀是第一次重大前沿小说作家开始写作的传统西方前沿的生活。
他Leatherstocking 故事围绕猎人整洁的Bumppo,包括Deerslayer,探路者,最后的莫希干人,先锋,草原15. Edgar Allan Poe is short story writer, poet and literary critic. He is gloomy and pessimistic, loves morbid images, stressing the sole purpose of beauty, art for art’s sake. He wrot e The Raven, To Helen, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque埃德加·爱伦·坡短篇小说作家,诗人和文学评论家。
他是悲观,悲观,爱病态形象,强调美的唯一目的,为艺术而艺术。
他写了乌鸦,海伦,怪诞的故事和曲16. The speech of The American Scholar is considered as Am. Intellectual Declaration of Independence, uttered by Ralph Emerson,a transcendentalist who loves and appreciate nature as the source of truth and inspiration. He is optimistic and advocates self-reliance美国学者的演讲被认为是。
知识的独立宣言,由拉尔夫·爱默生说,一个爱和欣赏自然的先验论者的真理和灵感的来源。
他是乐观的,提倡自力更生17. Nathaniel Hawthorne is complicated in nature, who believes in original sin in mankind. His most famous work is The Scarlet Letter, in which the 4 major characters are Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, Pearl. It is also the first major psychological novel in U.S and the author shows his deep sympathy for women. The symbolic meaning of the letter “A” is changing with the development of the plot.纳撒尼尔·霍桑在本质上是复杂的,他相信在人类的原罪。
他最著名的作品是《红字》,4个主要人物的海丝特,丁梅斯代尔,齐灵渥斯,珍珠。
这也是美国第一个主要心理小说,作者展示了他深切的同情女性。
字母“A”的象征意义是随着情节的发展变化。
18. Henry Longfellow is a very popular poet in U.S. , who helps to popularize poetry itself in the nation. After he died, a memorial bust was placed in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey in London. He is still the only American so honored亨利·朗费罗是一个非常受欢迎的美国诗人,有助于推广诗歌本身的国家。
在他死后,纪念破产是放置在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人的角落在伦敦。
他仍然是美国唯一如此荣幸19. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. In the book the writer severely attacked the cruelty of slavery. This little book was so influential that it helped to energize anti-slavery forces in the North, while angering and embittering the South. 汤姆叔叔的小屋是由哈丽雅特·比彻·斯托写的。