主谓宾结构
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• 花死了。 • 每个人的学习方法都不同。 • 他们终于登上了山峰。 • 和平与发展是当今世界的两大 主题。 • 学开车很不容易。 • 优美的音乐令人陶醉。
• 冰雪融化了。 • 请喝茶。 • 校报还没有印出来。 • 小明十六岁了。 • 北京是祖国的心脏。 • 我们的前程很美好。
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• 英语的谓语有时态变化,这点和汉语 不同。如: • 我昨天买了一件外套。 • 我明天将要买一件外套。 • 主语都是“我”,宾语都是“一件外 套”,谓语一个是“买了”,另一个 是“将买”,两个“买”在英文中不 一样。 • I bought a coat yesterday. • I will buy a coat tommorrow.
• Peace and development are two major issues(主题) in the world today. • The ice and snow began to melt(融化). • Learning to drive is far from easy. • Please enjoy the tea. • The beautiful music is enjoyable(令人 愉快的). • Everyone's learning method is different.
• • • • • • • • • • •
I saw your notice on the Internet . I am willing to become your friend. we can chat on the Internet or send emails. I can tell you about Chinese customs, festivals, foods , history and so on. You can read some Chinese books, newspapers and magazines. I will introduce some good Chinese books to you. It is also important to watch some Chinese films and TV. You can try to learn some Chinese songs. I can teach you, of course. You can speak fluent Chinese very soon. I am looking forward to your reply.
• Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. 'It's none of your busines' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'
此外,系动词和名词(短语), 介词短语, V-ing形式,动词不定式,副词等连用也 可以构成谓语,如:
• I am a student. • Mr. Wu is our headmaster. • The little girl is my sister. • 我们把系动词和其他成分构成 的句型也叫“主+系+表”结构
谓语一定是动词吗?
• 谓语是句子不可缺少的语法成分。谓语是 对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出 “做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓 语一般由动词构成,位置一般在主语之后。 但是在汉语中,形容词也可以担当谓语, 如: • 她漂亮。 • 阿甘勇敢。 • 地大物博。 • “漂亮”,“勇敢” 和 “大”,“博” 都 是形容词作谓语。
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。 它往往位于谓语之后。 • I play football everyday. • Do not look at me. • The poachers kill thousands of antilopes every year. • people drink water. • I am disappointed with him. • I like watching movies. • 宾语由名词,代词,v-ing形式,不定式, 短语或从句来担任
谓语之后往往有宾语
• 宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受 者。如: • 我 踢 球。 • “我” 是主语,是陈述的对象。 • “踢” 是谓语,是我的动作。 • “球” 是宾语,是动作的对象或承受者。 • “我踢球”就是一个“主+谓+宾”结构的 简单句。
找出下面句子的谓语
• • • • • • 我喜欢英语。 老师在批评小明。 Jim正在睡觉。 他会说英语。 我买了一件衣服。 我将学习法语。
The flowers are dead. Li Ming is 16 years old. Beijing is our capital city. The school newspaper has not been printed(打印). • They climbed the top of the mountain. • Our future is very bright.
• • • • • •
Last week I went to the theatre. They climbed the mountain. please drink the tea. The ice melted. I did not enjoy the play. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. • They were talking loudly. • I look at the man and the woman angrily.
但是在英语中,形容词不能单独做 谓语,必须要和系动词连用,如: • • • • • • She is beautiful. Gump is brave. This place is small. Chinese people are hard-working. I feel well. The coat is not expensive.
找出下面句子的谓语并说出时态
• • • • • • • I haven' t seen him. We were having dinner. It is raining. I like American movies. I will visit the Great Wall. Many students hate Maths. We have spent much time and money.
我在互联网上看到了你的启示。 我愿意成为你的朋友。 这里是我的一些建议。 我们可以在网上聊天或者发电子邮件。 我可以告诉你中国的文化。 你可以读一些中文书刊。 我可以给介绍一些好书。 看电影也很重要。 你可以试着学习唱一些中文歌曲。 我可以教你。 你很快就能说一口流利的汉语。 我期待收到你的回复。
• • • •
主系表结构也叫主谓结构
• 系动词不像实意动词那样可以单独做谓语,所以 必须和表语连用合起来做谓语。如: • We are students. • 系动词+名词 • This is an interesting story. • 系动词+名词短语 • The flowers are sweet. • 系动词+形容词 • The book is on the desk. • 系动词+介词短语
句子的语法结构
主语
主语
• 主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。 表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。 • 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体,如 “我写字”中的“我”,就是主语,它做 出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语,而 “字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象, 它因此被称为宾语。 • 主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任:名词, 代词,V-ing形式,动词不定式或不定式短 语,从句等。
谓语动词能做宾语吗?
• • • • • • • 我喜欢游泳。 I like swim. I like swimming. 我想学英语。 I want learn English. I want to learn English. 谓语动词不能做宾语,只有v-ing形式和 to do 可以做宾语
英语中谓语常见的几种时态
• 一般现在时,一般过去时, 一般将来时,过去将来时; 现在进行时,过去进行时, 将来进行时,现在完成时, 过去完成时,将来完成时, 现在完成进行时
谓语不一定是一个动词,动词短语 作谓语也很常见。如:
• • • • • • Please look at the blackboard. I look forward to your reply. Jim fell in love with Marry. The plane has taken off. My car broke down. His novel will come out next month.
主系表结构也可以跟宾语
• 由系动词+表语构成的谓语有时也可以跟宾 语构成主谓宾结构,如: • I am crazy. • 主谓结构 • I am crazy about English. • 主谓宾结构 • 可以跟宾语的系表结构往往是“系动词+形 容词+介词”
找出下面句子的谓语
• • • • • • I am interested in English. I am happy with my grades. Learning English is hard. We are students. They are husband and wife. I am looking forward to your coming.
找出下面句子的谓语
• • • • • • I like English. I will learn Franch. He can speak English. I bought a computer. The teacher criticised Li Ming. I have been learning English for eight years.
找出下面句子的宾语,看看有几个? • • • • He gave me a book. My father bought me a computer. I will teach you English. 有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这 两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语(物), 另一个为间接宾语(人),这两个宾 语称为“双宾语”。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
主语
• 主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或 什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什 么事”。 • 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。 • 主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任: 名词,代词,V-ing形式,动词不定式 或短语,从句等。
什么又是谓语?
• 谓语是句子不可缺少的语法成分。谓语是 对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出 “做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓 语一般由动词构成,位置一般在主语之后。 例如: • 他正在睡觉。 • 昨天李明游泳了。 • 飞机已经起飞。 • 睡觉,游泳,起飞都是谓语动词。