2018黄浦高三英语一模参考答案
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考英语试题及答案 (4)
上海十三校2018届高三调研考英语试卷2017.12 考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30. B. $13. C. $35. D. $60.2. A. In the florist’s. B. In the post office. C. In a bakery. D. At a fruit stand.3. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed.D. Surprised.4. A. Secretary and boss. B. Student and teacher.C. Patient and nurse.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.6. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.7. A. Jim looks nice in his new shirt. B. Jim looks nicer in his old shirt.C. Jim does not look nice in his old shirt.D. Jim isn’t well-dressed.8. A. He can teach her that program. B. He is going to ask Dick for help.C. He's busier than Dick.D. He taught himself that program.9. A. The man can speak German. B. The man knows nothing about German.C. The man can read in German.D. The man knows both English and German.10. A. She doesn’t like the get-together. B. The man has told her about the get-together.C. She is ignorant of the get-together.D. A get-together will be held next weekend.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They could be used everywhere. B. Customers had to pay for things in full.C. They were very popular before the 1920s.D. Everyone could get this kind of credit card.12. A. Because this card could be used at many shops.B. Because they could pay for things a little at a time.C. Because they could spend more money with credit card.D. Because they didn't need to carry a lot of cash with them.13. A. Part of the development of credit cards. B. How to use credit cards.C. How credit cards help businessmen.D. The number of credit card users.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Exactly during the explosion. B. When the plane was full of smoke.C. When the engines were turned off.D. Before the engines sounded scary.15. A. Never to put off anything in life. B. To reach out to people around.C. To see his daughter grow up.D. To be a goodfather.16. A. An emergency crash-landing guide. B. A speech on one’s air travel experience.C. An introduction of an adventure novel.D. A safety training for air passengers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,u se one word that best fits each blank.(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowly toward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for --- perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon.(28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races.I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achieve the results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have (33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence, (34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered (35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?"Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases (40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerlythe child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often41 to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be 42 to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. Onthe other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning 43 , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new thingsfor himself.Parents 44 greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be 45 strict in money matters. Others are severe over timesof coming home at night or punctuality for meals. Ingeneral, the controls imposed 46 the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of 47 standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and 48 it the next day is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach(说教), their children may grow confused, and 49 insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden 50 of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fitsthe context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and fromthe withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiatea(n) 52 response; in this situation, one mightfeel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places withlow population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommendto patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. Duringtherapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternativeapproaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offenceD. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevantD. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitorD. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C.patient D. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switchD. exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhanceD. ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C.decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducingD. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artisticD. poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. ratherD. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzeeshave in common with us. They can hunt with spears,play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social(亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showeda definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food withothersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure(B)The Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high schoolseniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) anda Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combinedMath and Critical Reading scores)●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistryor Physics)●have completed eight semesters of Englishand mathematics and two semesters each of biologyand chemistry by the time they graduate from highschool●complete all components of your CommonApplication for undergraduate admission byNovember 1 of your senior year●complete a supplemental application formfor the Honors Program in Biochemistry &Molecular Biology●include a counselor recommendation, threeletters of recommendation from teachers insupport of your application to the Honors Programand a personal statementSend all Dual Admission HonorsProgram application materials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of Admission70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply forthe programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work withtop biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wantsto go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirementfor application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and onescience.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introdu ce a very famous university “Universityof Miami”.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to applyfor the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he cancontact Director of the Honors Program except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the KarolinskaInstitute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available —because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected thatthis enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exerc ise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to easedepressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By 2050, half of the world’s p opulation will reside （居住）in the tropics—the relatively warm belt that circles the globe—according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region’s influence will grow in coming decades, the authors of the 500-page work predict.The project, initially launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made “extraordinary progress” in many areas. For example, there’s been a 14% increase in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed (胜过) the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years; it now represents approximately 18.7% of global economic activity, up from 14.5% in 1980.Nevertheless, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increasedmodestly, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. “As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics,” concludes the report.The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the prevalence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be concerned about in the report. “While we’ve made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropicsthat are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The growth of both __________ displays that the influence of the tropics will increase in the future.79. What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?80. According to the report, some organisms can experience population drop and extinction because of their __________.81. An expanded tropical zone will threaten health and safety issues; apart from that, what are the other existing challenges mentioned in the passage?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)2. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。
上海市2018年黄浦区高三英语一模. 高考英语系列
上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Before dinner. B.During the meal.C.After dinner.D.Tomorrow evening.2. A.In a hotel. B.At a bus station.C.In a cinema.D.At an airport.3. A.Salesman and customer. B.Boss and secretary.C.Doctor and patient.D.Doctor and nurse.4. A.4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A.The lecture. B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The air quality.6. A.Confident. B.Nervous. C.Uninterested. D.Annoyed.7. A.Visit the company. B.Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D.Apply for a job with PICC.8. A.He is fearless. B.He is forgetful.C.He is helpful.D.He is thoughtful.9. A.Talking about sports. B.Writing up local news.C.Reading newspapers.D.Putting up advertisements.10. A.She expects to see him soon. B.She agrees with the man.C.She doesn’t believe he can do it.D.She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and the passages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through14are based on the following conversation.11. A.The scientific steps to write a paper. B.A funny story that they read recently.C.An assignment of a creative writing course.D.A detective case that was just finished.12. A.She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B.She was happy that she finished the story easily.C.She was expected to finish the story in a month.D.She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A.Change to another topic. B.Give the story an ending first.C.Do work for another course.D.Write everything occurring to her.14. A.Buy jewels for her mother. B.Locate the security camera.C.Do some research for her writing.D.Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15. A.They don’t attach importance to scores. B.They attract fewer and fewer students.C.They will take place next week.D.They will no longer exist.16. A.To inspire young people to practice more.B.To encourage young people to be creative.C.To motivate young people to keep learning.D.To urge young people to start up companies.17. A.To bring more economic benefits. B.To help students memorize better.C.To change the present education system.D.To develop teachers’multi-skills.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18. A.More communication with others. B.Construction of the life journey.C.Revealing of determination.D.Loss of the social identity.19. A.Depression and isolation. B.Walking around the corner.ck of sleep.D.Getting impatient.20. A.Making it possible to get a pay rise.B.Providing people with new business.C.Giving people time to think about their life again.D.Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter15people died during Easter in1967,the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign‘Welcome to the mountains,but be responsible’.Fjellvettreglene,the‘mountain code’(21)______encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature,has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture.It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment(22)______(assist) yourself and others,seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally,Norway(23)______(experience)an11%increase in tourism in the past decade.From just1,000 tourists in the whole of2010,Trolltunga,a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain,(24)______ (see)1,800visitors in one2017day alone.Why?Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook.A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike.They just want proof(25)______they did it.But, while good for the economy,this tourism boom has become a threat(26)______Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper,(27)______(abandon)tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike,Norway’s leading hiking group,Friluftsliv,also has called for regulations on the number of tourists(28)______(hike)to sse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said,“On a busy day,you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture.To control this,we’d like to regulate(29)___________people can hike in a day.Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find(30)______stuck up here.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedWorld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan,a rural pub in England has been named“the world’s best restaurant”by TripAdvisor.After scoring up positive feedback,the review website31the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32Travelers'Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly,this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance.Tommy Banks,a(n)33young cook,is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in2013at the age of24.Secondly,it's not really a pub anymore.Like many rural UK pubs,the Black Swan had been in34for many years before2006,when Banks'family took over.After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled,they decided to make it a dining35.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36,offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly37location.It's usually booked up well in advance with38coming from near and far.During CNN's visit,neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another39 two of the Banks brothers'old school teachers,on a trip up from York—40the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme41”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t42our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough44to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a46for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）–then investors cannot fall back on47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)48return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can49in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment50.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction（拍卖）sales51in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more52budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most53approach is probably to buy something you like and can54and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)55benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.socialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Post-00s is a documentary about growing up.It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork,their relationship with peers,their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family,and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of10years,during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers.In other words,the show’s“characters”grow older for real,and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age”stories,as they’re known,have a special appeal.They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life,and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them.And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance,we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.After all,there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back–this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood,a2014film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the64th Berlin International Film Festival.During a period of12years,the film follows the life of Mason Jr–played by US actor Ellar Coltrane–from when he was6to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its“ordinariness”.Mason Jr isn’t some child genius...He is a quietly spoken,fairly typical American boy,growing up in the Texas suburbs.He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside,they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary–the power of life itself.56.In the documentary,we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT__________.A.how they deal with their studiesB.how they help look after brothers or sistersC.how they get along with people of their ageD.how much they long to be independent of their parents57.What do Post-00and Boyhood have in common?A.They’re intended to win an award for best director.B.The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C.They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’growth.D.The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58.Audience are interested in“coming-of-age”stories because__________.A.they can see the truth of lifeB.they know the characters wellC.they are much fond of gossipD.they appreciate stories of daily life59.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Post-00s are different geniusesB.Actors are ordinary charactersC.Documentary is real lifeD.Life is one big story(B )B BC SHOPrming.Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I&II:The Complete Collection(page41)–inspiring look at our planet’s wildest,most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock:Complete Seasons1-4and The Abominable Bride Giftset(page13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult,dangerous,accurate,and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British.Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian(page7).The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook(page9)with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads“A Christmas poem”(page8)for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots,T-shirts,shortbread,mugs and more–just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder,suspense,romance,robbery and clothing in this excitinghistorical drama!Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple.When it disappears again,suspicion falls on Franklin Blake,the man who loves her.But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey,the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever.A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes,based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins.3¾hours.DVD21024$34.99YOUR PRICE:￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins–perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside:pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees,and made from only finest ingredients–flour,butter,sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands,they follow a generations-old family procedure,first perfected by Joseph Walker in1898.While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic,the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts.Both tins:6〃h×4¾〃d;net wt4.4oz.Angel21042$19.98Santa21043$19.9860.Tom’s wife is a home baker,so he’d better refer to Page______for a Christmas present for her.A.8B.9C.13D.4161.Which of the following statements is TRUE about“The Moment”?A.It is an adapted drama lasting nearly4hours.B.The story,rather than the actors,is attracting.C.There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D.It is based on Wikie Collins’most famous detective novel.62.What can be learned about the shortbread?A.It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B.It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C.It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D.It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.(C)①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University,“It’s Australians’egalitarianism,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built.In Australia’s founding era in the late1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors.The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish,was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal,with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’.Because of this,an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers.They may not have had power,education or wealth,but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times.Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their newconditions in life’.Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look),became‘ava captains’.This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses.Words like‘good day’became‘g’day’,and barbecue was‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry,self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor.While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side.On one road trip,as I hit the state line and entered Victoria,I drove past some blackened trees,the leftovers of a recent bushfire.A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent,but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct.Behind the figure,someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire.I couldn’t help but laugh–it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.This,along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate,all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63.The underlined word“egalitarianism”is closest to__________in meaning.A.criminalityB.crueltyC.equalityernmentalism64.Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A.They use more slangs than other people.B.They give new meanings to existent words.C.They favour shortened forms of expressions.D.They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65.What can be inferred from paragraph4?A.Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B.Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C.Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D.Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66.The passage mainly talks about__________.A.how the late1700s impacted AustraliaB.why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC.what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD.how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.That turned out to be not exactly correct.B.But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C.But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D.But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E.Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F.For opponents of a wage increase,increasing the minimum wage could reduce total employment byabout500,000jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days,the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America.67For supporters,16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and900,000people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc,has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to$9this year and then$10next year.The company’s announcement will affect65,000Gap employees by2017.Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction.There’s certainly nothing wrong with that.68Also last week,Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage.69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase,but“obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”.She said that more than99percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage.It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending.So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose.70“That is assuming that consumer behavior would be,‘If they have more money,they’ll spend more money,’”she said.“That isn’t always necessarily true.If we had a crystal ball,we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through.But you just can’t.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no moree your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago,Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before–moved his team into an open concept office.His staff had been entirely working from home,but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily.It quickly became clear,though,that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy,not to mention Nagele himself.About three years after moving into the open office,Nagele moved the company into a10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space—complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office—about70%of US offices are open concept—and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors.But research that we’re15%less productive,we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces,has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost,one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork.However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead,as many of us know,we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member,or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus,like writing,advertising,financial planning and computer programming,some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces.The trouble with that,is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present.That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments.Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
2018上海高三英语一模汇编：完形填空
2018届高三英语一模汇编——完形填空1、2018黄浦一模Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme__41__”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t__42__our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you__43__ is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough__44__to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other__45__such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a__46__for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud(赝品)–then investors cannot fall back on__47__for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)__48__return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can__49__in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment__50__.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction(拍卖)sales__51__in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more__52__budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most__53__approach is probably to buy something you like and can__54__and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)__55__benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.social答案：41--45BDACA46--50CBADC51--55CDDAACameron Buckner,assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston,argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called“executive control”when it comes to making decisions,__41__considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is__42__for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking,or thinking about thinking.But supported by a review of previously published research,Buckner__43__that a wide variety of animals—elephants,chimpanzees(黑猩猩),ravens(大乌鸦)and lions,among others—__44__reasonable decision-making.“These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the__45__they are evaluating for their goal,they possess a subjective,internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,”he wrote.The question has been__46__since the days of the ancient philosophers,as people considered what means to be human is.One way to address that,Buckner said,is to__47__exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans,and Buckner notes that serious__48__in the 1970s and80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language,__49__—found that although they were able to express simple ideas,they did not engage in__50__thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable__51__to study the issue,but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments.Buckner,working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A.Reber,mental biologist at the University of Vienna,last year__52__the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds,__53__their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper,Buckner offers several examples to support his__54__.His goal,Buckner said,was to organize experimental research,“to see that we’re gathered enough evidence to say that animals really are__55__in a unique way.”41.A.secretly B.unintentionally C.scarcely D.consciously42.A.required B.qualified C.acquired D.prepared43.A.concerns plains C.conclude D.convinces44.A.turn down B.engage in C.refer to D.argue about45.A.option B.scheme C.regulation D.random46.A.dismissed B.ignored C.debated D.answered47.A.evaluate B.determine C.overlook D.initiate48.A.results B.successes C.achievements D.attempts49.A.for example B.this is to say C.on the contrary D.as a result50.A.obvious B.feasible C.private plex51.A.mystery B.tradition C.evidence D.fiction52.A.substituted B.published C.reflected D.maintained53.A.adapting B.symbolizing C.investigating D.revenging54.A.agreement B.implement C.requirement D.argument55.A.passionate B.reasonable C.confused D.ridiculous答案：41--45DACBA46--50CBDAD51--55CBADB8Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity.But is there really a(n)__41__ between intoxication(醉酒)and inspiration?A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity.The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in__42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems:”Sometimes a reduced ability to__43__one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,”they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that__44__attention and focus,in particular,stimulants(兴奋剂), would have the opposite effect on creative thinking__45__,very little research has been done on the issue,and what results exist so far have been mixed.The outcomes may well vary according to individual__46__to the drugs.__47__, some research has found that while stimulants can__48__test performance for those who are less intelligent,for the smartest folks,the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity,this may also explain why artists,writers and musicians appear to be more__49__to have an addiction.Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be__50__to drugs in the first place,as a possible source of inspiration.And then,if reduced executive function is__51__in part for their initial talent,this,too,could make them more easily influenced by__52__once they start using.Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness,addiction and art,the authors__53__that their study findings don’t give people__54__to get drunk to“inspire the muse(冥想).”Co-author Jennifer Wiley,associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago,told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest:”We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to__55__.There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two,however,may occasionally help.41.A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration42.A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.Assessing43.A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control44.A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase45.A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore46.A.Additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts47.A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the otherhand48.A.conceal B.executive C.improve D.delete 49.A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult 50.A.AttractedB.contributedC.respondedD.withdrawn 51.A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible 52.A.confusion B.Ambition C.Addiction D.exhaustion53.A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution54.A.sacrifice B.privacy C.Appreciation D.license55.A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.Affection答案：41--45CBADA46--50BACBA51--55ACDDB12、2018静安一模The sights,sounds,and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental.More likely,they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called“sensory marketing”to create an emotional association to a(n) __41__product or brand.By relating to people in a far more__42__way through everyone’s own senses,sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider__43__product factors like price, features,and utility.Sensory marketing,by contrast,seeks to resort to the consumer’s life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people,as consumers,will act according to their emotional urge more than to their __44__reasoning.In this way,an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product,rather than a plain but cheap__45__.In the past,communications with customers were mainly monologues—companies just‘talked at’consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues,with customers providing__46__.Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations,with products finding their won voices and consumers responding__47__to them.Based on the implied messages received through five senses,consumers,without noticing it,tend to apply human-like personalities to brands,leading to intimate relationship and,hopefully for the brands,persistent__48__. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits.Most brands are considered to have either“sincere”or“exciting”personalities.“Sincere”brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while“exciting”brands like Apple,and Ferrari are as imaginative and__49__.In general,the consumers tend to form__50__relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones,this explains the relatively enduring history of the“Sincere Brands”.Certainly,with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the__51__cells in a person’s body,sight is considered the most important of all human senses.Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable“sight experience”of the product for consumers which extends to packaging,store interiors,and printed advertising to form a(n)__52__image for the brand.In other words,no aspects of a product design is left to__53__anymore,especially color.Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color__54__the product at all?If not, customers,though not realizing it themselves,will__55__the brands in all possible ways-sales,reputations,etc. Therefore,brands,isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?41.A.specific B.qualified C.average D.adequate 42.A.economic B.personal C.artificial D.mechanic43.A.obvious B.potential C.accessible D.concrete 44.A.imaginable B.objective C.psychological D.gradual 45.A.alternative B.reward C.sample D.exhibit pliment B.fund C.prospect D.feedback47.A.temporarily B.subconsciously C.occasionally D.attentively48.A.loyalty B.philosophy C.endurance D.regulationd B.daring C.steady D.classic50.A.far-fetched B.hard-won C.long-lasting D.easy-going51.A.individual B.sensory C.present D.general52.A.overall B.ambitious C.dramatic D.additional53.A.chance B.maintenance C.progress D.leadership54.A.accept B.overlook C.fit D.treat 55.A.shape B.punish C.signify D.exploit答案：41-45ABDBA46--50DBABC51--55BAACB13、2018青浦一模Travel,a home coming tourIn the UK travel is an enriching life experience that will make your resume stand out amongstother applicants. Travel is not simply a pursuit of__41__but also“character-b uilding”，“defining”and potentially“career-boosting”.Most of the people I know here at university__42__the desire to travel and escape the stresssurrounding us.But Idon’t think,as UK students,we can blame our addiction to international travel simply on a stressful life.Yes,Ihave a lotto handle and it’s a fine__43__act managing my part-time job,my degree and my social life to a perfect level.In a trulyopen world,we can get anywhere,see anything and experience every culture under the sun,at the click of a button,thepurchase of a__44__.Many people I met while working in China were surprised at the number of countries I’d travelled pared to friends and family I consider myself vastly__45__.I’ve never set foot across the pond in the U.S.A and Canada,let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from__46__.I was also met by__47__at how little travelling I had done within my own borders.This was something I had not really considered before.How much of my own country had I really seen and experienced?To those from a place as vast and varied as China,Britain was really so__48__in comparison and so to have spent20years there and not seen every part of it was quite surprising.I had a conversation with a Chinese colleague over the reasoning behind our use of golden Cotswold stone,which sounds dull for most people.As a student of history,I found anything__49__fascinating.However it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting.What was curious was that it was something I had never even considered,and yet here was someone__50__on something I had simply taken for granted.We continued our discussion,yet I was left__51__that I could not answer her question.In China,as well as a wealth of new culture that fascinated me,I discovered that there were parts of the UK’s culture,history,the very structure of my identity that were so different,so unique from China that I also__52__a newly found interest in my own heritage.In this respect,travelling enables you with two things.Firstly you develop a(n)__53__with new cultures, understanding customs,experiencing cuisines and absorbing the sights and smells of every new city.For many employers this__54__to new locations is seen as tremendous in your personal resume.But alongside increased employability,through international,cross-cultural conversations,you develop an interest in your own history,culture, and customs.You return to your home__55__an understanding of other people’s fascination with it and your own sense of love for its peculiarities.41.A.leisure B.wealth pany D.personality42.A.question B.refuse C.detect D.experience43.A.balancing B.forcing C.judging D.disturbing44.A.course B.stamp C.diploma D.ticket45.A.under-stuffed B.under-travelled C.under-used D.under-expanded46.A.official B.vacant plete D.accurate47.A.excitement B.hatred C.astonishment D.disgust 48.A.youngB.beautifulC.remoteD.small 49.A.historical B.dramatic C.religious D.perfect 50.A.piledB.hookedC.reliedD.carried51.A.exhausted B.embarrassed C.puzzled D.convinced52.A.exchanged B.lost C.gained D.traded53.A.observation B.resolution C.fascination D.illustration54.A.relation B.preference C.agreement D.adaptability55.A.objecting to B.filled with C.bothered by D.searching for答案：41--45ADADB46--50CCDAB51--55BCCDB15、2018金山一模AlphaGo has struck again,defeating Ke Jie,the world’s number one Go player,3-0.After his defeat,the youngChinese prodigy said AlphaGo sees the__41__of Go while he could only see a small area around him.This win, coupled with last year’s victory over Lee Se-dol,shines a light on the awe-inspiring__42__of technology and places AlphaGo among the greatest Artificial Intelligence(AI)systems created to date.The AI industry is certainly making great advancements,constantly surprising the public with new and interesting tools and making life__43__.Twenty years ago,just connecting to the Internet was a__44__.Now,we can do just about anything on our phones,from online banking to__45__shows.The shifting sands of technology have placed so many paths in front of humanity that it is hard to__46__even the immediate future.We may talk about how AI can make our lives better,but we also consider the risks.Many stories and films__47__ around the theme of AI vs.human.One that comes to my mind now is The Terminator.The film is about an AI system called Skynet,which was__48__to protect humans.What the programmers did not expect was that Skynet began to think.It came to the conclusion that humans were a danger to its existence,so it started a global nuclear war and tried to “__49__”humanity.AlphaGo’s recent achievements highlight the__50__that technology and AI can bring about.They also serve to remind us of the__51__and risks we may not have had time to think about.Some of us used to__52__the possibility of creating an actual“thinking”AI system,or believe that humans will always be able to__53__an AI system,but certain facts have now been placed in front of us.All that’s left to be done is to__54__the actual“thinking”part of advanced AI systems like AlphaGo to more fields.Once that happens,human beings will be pretty much__55__.If we do not fully understand the risks of AI systems,we might be flying too close to the“sun”,and like Icarus in Greek mythology,we will fall.41.A.fun B.secret C.universe D.potential42.A.intelligence B.advancements C.risks D.threats43.A.easier B.slower C.harder D.faster44.A.mess B.headache C.loss D.leisure45.A.live B.instant C.immediate D.direct46.A.tell B.frame C.predict D.encounter47.A.reveal B.reverse C.resolve D.revolve48.A.processed B.modified C.introduced D.developed49.A.help B.isolate C.terminate D.investigate50.A.benefits B.possibilities C.signals D.incident51.A.questions B.tragedies C.treasures D.disasters52.A.analyze B.develop C.doubt D.preview53.A.outsmart B.overhead C.outnumber D.overtake54.A.adopt B.shrink C.adapt D.control55.A.intelligent B.powerful C.patriotic D.outdated答案：41-45CBABA46--50CDDCB51--55ACACD15。
上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版 精品
2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。
2018高三英语一模答案
2018年高中三年级一模英语参考答案一、选择题（1-60）：1.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.A7.B8.C9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.D 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.D 35.B 36.G 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.D 49.B 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C57.A 58.D 59.B 60.C二、英语知识运用第二节（61-70）：61. failure 62. as 63. includes 64. fiercely 65. the66. to practice 67. winning 68. where 69. backgrounds 70. was defeated三、短文改错：Hi Sandra,You’ll never guess over I’m writing this email from a cave! We’re on holiday in Spain now.71We spent a few days in Barcelona first. It’s a great place but we had a good time though I didn’t72. andfeel well one day. Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada.73. cameAnd guess what? We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of tourist. Then someone74. touristssaid, “Why not trying the cave dwellings (住宅) here?” We thought he was joking, but here we75. trywere really in a cave dwelling and it’s wonderfully. Tomorrow we’re going to visit a palace 76. are 77. wonderfulin Granada. We’re enjoying it very much that we d on’t want to leave this amazed place. We’re78. so 79. amazingnever going to have enough time ∧explore everything!80. toTake care!Ben（注：第71题若把over改为at或about，第78题若在that前加so或把that改为so，亦可。
2018届高三英语一模汇编
2018 届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解 C【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D 、Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read 、( C )① Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life、According to Dr Tanya King,senior lecturer from Victoria ’s Deakin University, “ It ’ s Australians ’ egalitarianism, sense of humor andinformal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude 、”②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built 、 In Australia ’ s founding era in the late 1700s,criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors 、 The criminalclass, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved forimmigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be‘ rewarding criminality 、 Because’ of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers、 They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality 、③ The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times 、 Philologist Sidney Bakeronce wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life ’、 Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated evenfurther –so ‘ have Captains Cook’(have a look), became ‘ avacaptains、 This’same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses、 Words like ‘ good day ’ became ‘ g’ day ’ , and‘barbecuebarbie、’was④ The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians ’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺得）sense of humor、 While in many countries it ’ s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side 、 On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire 、 A road sign warning drivers aboutwildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct 、 Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal fire’、s tailIcouldnwason ’ t help but laughit –was a brilliant reminder of the country ‘ nothing upsets’s us ’-authoritarianandanti attitude 、⑤ And one thing you can ’ t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country ’ s plentiful amounts of space、 This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians ’ relaxed attitude 、63、 The underlined wor d “ egalitarianism ” is closest to __________ in meaning、A 、 criminalityB 、 crueltyC 、 equalityD 、governmentalism64、 Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A、 They use more slangs than other people、B、 They give new meanings to existent words 、C、 They favour shortened forms of expressions 、D、 They coin terms in memory of criminal times 、65、 What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A、 Kangaroos ’ nglivi conditions are getting tougher 、B、 Forest fires threaten Australians life to a great’ extent 、C、 Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria 、D、 Australians ’ jokes may not becarelessas as they seem on the surface、66、 The passage mainly talks about __________、A、 how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB、 why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC、 what contributes to Australians relaxed lifestyle’D、 how Australians present their attitude towards life答案 ;63-66CCDD【虹口区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages、 Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements、 For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、 (C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker,cheaper electronic systems、 Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world ’ s commodities exchange 、 On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit ( 公然叫价交易厅） in Dublinto handle Brentcrude futures （布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准） contract for pricing two-thirds of theworld ’ s oil 、[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London ’ Internationals Petroleum Exchange (IPE), whichtrades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, anAmerican benchmark grade 、 The new pit is a response to the IPE ’ s efforts to modernise、 On the same day asNYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-out cry session:now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch 、[3]The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds ( 对冲基金 ) or energy companies, preferopen-outcry because it allows for more liquidity 、 Although most other exchanges are heading in the oppositedirection, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX,pressure from“ locals--self-employed” traders—is helpingto support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronicsystems、 Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor、Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lastinguntil2017, for its trading floor in London、[4]Dublin ’news pit is “ showingpromise ”says, Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a fewtechnical glitches 、 On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over athird of the volume in the IPE s new morning’ electronic session 、 By the year’ s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, itshould be clear whether the venture will be feasible、It would stand a better chance if it moved to London、Itmay yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain、[5]In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不行连续得 )、Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task、 Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contractsfrom the Chicago Board of Trade 、 It has made little progress 、 And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contractsbefore, without success 、[6]Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? Therehave been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen、 Some say that the freewheelingNYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix 、 For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete untilone has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic、63、 According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________、A 、 both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB、 partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC、 rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD、 both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64、 The word“ glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means、A 、 backwardnessB 、disappointments C、 engineers D 、problems65、 From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________ 、A 、2018 届高三英语一模汇编trading volume in the IPE morning’snewelectronic session is fallingB、 London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC、 Britain ’ s regulators are efficientless than those of IrelandD、 the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66、 We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________ 、A 、 it ’ s very unlikely that theNYMEX and the IPE could combine theirbusinesses B、 the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC、 the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD、 the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案： 63-66: C D B A【浦东新区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D 、Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read 、C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly、But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities、The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities、 If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned 、 But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J 、 Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isntrue、The mouth is home to many species of microbes、Most are good、Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar 、 This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay 、 To try to find out whether a child ’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr 、 Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins 、Their “ volunteers were” 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months、The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection 、 This was when the researchers swabbed the children’ s gingival sulci （ the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect ）to find out what was there、 The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel （ a tooth ’ s hard, outer layer ） ; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well 、Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities、Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds 、 This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth ’ecologys fades with time 、Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents 、 Brushing, however, may not be the only approach 、 Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur 、 It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too、 This is an area of on going research 、 But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host 、63、 What does “ hypothesis refer” to in paragraph 1?2018 届高三英语一模汇编A 、 Children ’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay 、B、 Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay 、C、 Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing 、D、 Somegenes are more likely to lead to dental cavites 、64、 Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out 、A 、 whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB、 which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC、 what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD、 why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65、 Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A 、 Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed 、B、 The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time 、C、 The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities 、D、 Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins 、66、 What can we learn from the last paragraph?A 、 The existence of multiple microbes benefits children ’、s oral ecosystemB、 What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child 、’ s oral ecosystemC、 Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay 、D、 Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem 、答案： 63-66 DADA【长宁区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、 For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work 、 Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies( 补助 ) by foreigngovernments 、 Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped” their products in the United States at “less than fair value 、”Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief( 救援 )、Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped 、 As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships 、 The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company、 Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect、 Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States 、 If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports — and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad — the United States company ’ sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties、Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations( 控告 ) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads 、 The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate （结合公司） with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations 、 The “ UnitedStates” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “ Canadian ” companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt 、63、 The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________2018 届高三英语一模汇编A 、arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporationsB、warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC、recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD、advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports 、64、 What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________ 、A 、 A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value 、B、 A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US 、C、 The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts 、D、 The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US 、65、 What is the function of the last paragraph?A 、 It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch、B、 It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier、C、 It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph 、D、 It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier 、66、 Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A 、 They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS 、B、 Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits 、C、 They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations 、D、 Those helping one unit within a parent company won ’ t necessarily、helpother units答案： BDCD【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、 For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、(C)More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms( 生物体 ) liveon the Earth 、 For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity( 多样性 )、 Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today、Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways 、 He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms 、Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing、 Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species、 When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name 、 Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species 、 Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism 、Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog、Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层得 )groupings 、 Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms、These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals 、 He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics、Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus icationsystem as’ wellsclasasifhis method of grouping organisms according to observablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’ s original groupings、Thebroadest level of life is now a domain、Allliving thingsfit into only three domains、Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms、Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species、In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms、 The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms 、 They are also the smallestcellular organisms、 Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category、The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celledor simple multicellular organisms 、 Protists do not have much in common 、 They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom 、 Fungi compose a third kingdom 、 Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls, giving them a tube-like structure 、 However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do 、Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms、 Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi 、63、The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________ 、A 、 demonstrate Linnaeus ’ s method of classificationB、 introduce the need for a better system of namingorganismsC、 criticize the complexity of Linnaeus ’ s namingsystemD、 illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism64、Which of the following can be learned fromthe passage?A 、 The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus ’ s systemngisforclassifyinolonger in use 、B、 Linnaeus ’ s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains、C、 Linnaeus ’ s original system of classification isused today with little modifications、D、 Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms、65、 Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protists?A 、 They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms 、B、 They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics 、C、 They are limited to single-cell organisms 、D、 They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms 、66、 Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passage?A 、 The Father of Modern TaxonomyB、 Classifying OrganismsC、 Development in Life FormsD、 Linnaeus ’ s Classification System答案： 63-66 DDAB【闵行区】Section BDirections: Read the following four passages、 Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinishedstatements、 For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read ．(C)One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationandthe growing mult-language trend 、“ One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many African countries is thefact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states 、” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Educationin South Africa at the University of Cape Town 、In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade 、 Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters、 One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “ Toubon law ” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince、Suct h en efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is anatural process、It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “ purity ofa” language by law 、 Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its ownlanguage、 English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power、 Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things 、 English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France 、The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon — especially theneed to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields 、 Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend 、63、 Neville Alexander believes that?A 、 mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB、 globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC、 globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD、 lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64、 Theunderlined word “ futile ” (in paragraph 2) most probably means“、“A 、 workable B、 practical C、 useless D 、 unnecessary65、 Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedin the passage?A 、 Theythink language protection laws are ineffective 、B、 Theywant their language to spread to other countries 、C、 Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages 、D、 Itreduces a language ’ s ability to acquire international importance、66、 Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?A 、 Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education 、B、 Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English 、C、 Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language 、D、 Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages 、答案： DCCB【普陀区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、 For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read 、(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we areat all able to、 At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter than weare、 Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves、 And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “ intelligenceexplosion、Theprocess could”get out of control 、The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are 、 And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us 、Just think about howwe relate to ants 、We don ’ t hate them、 We don ’ t go out of our way to harm them、 In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them、 We step over them on thesidewalk 、 But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation 、 The concern is that we will oneday build machines that, whether theyconscious or not, could treat us withsimilar disregard 、The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines 、 We have problems that we desperatelyneed to solve 、 So we will do this, if we can、The train is already out of the station, and there ’ s no brake to pull、 If we build machines that aremore intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop2018 届高三英语一模汇编in ways that wecan ’ t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can imagine’t 、So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns 、 This machinewould be the perfectlabor-saving device 、 It can design the machine that can build the machine which cando any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials 、 So we ’ retalking about theend of human labour、 We’ realso talking about the end of mostintellectual work 、 So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy ( 配置 ) a superintelligent AI? This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial ( 陆地得 )or cyber, with unbelievable power 、Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive(感知 ) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seemslikelythat whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedin the next moment、But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have to admit that we are inthe process of building some sortof god 、 Now would be a good time to make sure it ’ s a god we、can live with63、 When an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, 、A 、 it will make itself better andmay go beyond human controlB、 it will help people to thefullest, especially in physical workC、 it will threaten people byrobbing them of jobsD、 it will view itself as humanrace64、 The underlined word “ divergence ” in Paragraph 2 almost means the“same”、asA 、 connectionB 、 hatred C、competition D、 disagreement65、 How is the passage mainlydeveloped?A 、 By making comparisons 、B、 By showing valid evidence 、C、 By giving assumptions 、D、 By analyzing statistics 、66、 Which of the following is thebest title of the passage?A 、 For the God ’ s sake, stop AI andbe yourselves!B、 Can we build AI without losingcontrol over it?C、 For or against AI, that is thequestion!D、 How does superintelligence servethe people?答案： 63-66 ADCB【金山区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、 Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D 、 Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read 、(C)For many years, humans have tried to find thesecret to staying young 、 Although it has yet to be discovered, wemay be closerthan ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process 、A recent study by researchers from DukeUniversity in the US found that cutting one ’dailys intake of calories couldslow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to youryouthful looks a littlelonger 、Previous research has shown that calorierestrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice 、 So researchers wondered if itcould have the same effect on people 、To find out, Daniel Belsky and her teamexamined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based inthe US,which involved 220 people 、 During the two-year study, 145 people in therestriction group cut their calorieintake by 25 percent 、 Meanwhile, 75 peoplein the control group maintained their normal diets、。
黄浦区2018年高考英语模拟考试题(含答案)
黄浦区2018年高考模拟考英语试卷2018.4（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a fruit store. B. In a gym. C. At a restaurant. D. At a watch shop.2. A. 4:30. B. 5:00. C. 5:10. D. 5:15.3. A. Boss and secretary. B. Nurse and patient.C. Salesman and customer.D. Teacher and student.4. A. The tickets are more expensive than expected. B. The tickets sold online are cheaper.C. It is difficult to get the tickets on the spot.D. It’s better to buy the tickets offline.5. A. He wants to be a musician in the future.B. He shows more interest in English learning.C. He displays great music talent in the exhibition.D. He doesn’t make enough effort s in English learning.6. A. He wants to get some sleep. B. He needs time to write a paper.C. He has a literature class to attend.D. He is troubled by his sleep problem.7. A. It looks old. B. It looks new.C. It doesn’t need painting.D. It doesn’t run well.8. A. Extremely dull. B. Hard to understand.C. Lacking a good story.D. Not worth seeing twice.9. A. Plan his budget carefully. B. Buy a gift for his mother.C. Ask someone else for advice.D. Give her more information.10. A. She didn’t like telling jokes. B. She went to school after 9 a.m.C. She may not have gone to school today.D. She may have been late for school.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two longer conversations and one short passage, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversations and the passage. The conversations and the passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.11. A. He found his TV was broken. B. He missed a good TV program.C. He felt bored with the TV program.D. He lost his meal tickets in the cafeteria.12. A. He lost fifty dollars. B. His time was wasted.C. His brain wasn’t very a ctive.D. He watched just one program.13. A. Part of the brain is not in use.B. Part of the brain becomes more passive.C. It takes longer to process visual information.D. It processes complex information less actively.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following dialogue.14. A. From the newspaper. B. From her classmates.C. From her friends.D. From the man.15. A. Plant more trees in the school yard. B. Organize a picnic on Thursday.C. Build a parking lot for students.D. Protect the natural beauty on campus.16. A. Attend a meeting. B. Attend a class.C. Visit her friends.D. Go to the parking lot.17. A. Lend her pen to the man. B. Go to the administration.C. Support the student action union.D. Give out the handouts.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. There are numerous languages in existence.B. Most public languages are essentially vague.C. People differ greatly in their ability to communicate.D. Big gaps exist between private and public languages.19. A. It is a sign of human intelligence. B. It improves with constant practice.C. It is something we are born with.D. It varies from person to person.20. A. How various languages are related to each other.B. How children learn to use language in particular ways.C. How private languages are developed from public ones.D. How people of different ages create their own languages.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife S ecrets of Nigeria’s Last WildernessResearchers from Chester Zoo, working with the Nigeria National Park Service, surveyed over 1,000 square kilometres of the national park. Known (21) _____ its mountain rainforests and rolling grasslands, it is home to some of West Africa’s most threatened animals.The cameras (22) _____ (spot) some animals that have never been recorded before in the area and others, like chimps（黑猩猩）, (23)_____ are rarely seen. Stuart Nixon, the Africa Field Programme Co-ordinator at Chester Zoo, said confirmation of the locations of chimps was an important discovery. “Gashaka’s been regarded for many years as (24) _____ (have) the biggest population of this Nigeria-Cameroon chimp,” he said. “We consider it the most important population—that’s really (25) _____ we need to count it and see what the status of the chimp is right now—that will eventually affect what we know about this subspecies elsew here.”The chimp (26) _____ (endanger) across its range in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its total population is down to fewer than 9,000 individuals, of which about 1,000 are thought (27) _____ (live) within the borders of the national park. “It’s an amazing tool to use these camera traps and to reveal that this park—which is a (28) _____ (forget) wilderness, really, for Nigeria—still has a really important store of important species for Nigeria and Africa in general,” said Stuart Nixon.Chester Zoo is funding guards for the rangers and providing training in wildlife monitoring and protection. “This work is helping us learn more about the secrets of one of our last wilderness areas and we must continue to work together to ensure (29) _____ survival for future gener ations,” said Stuart Nixon, “(30) _____ all this beauty were lost, it would be a terrible tragedy for all.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.W hy India’s ‘Pink City’ is a P hotographer’s HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India’s wonders. It __31__ some of the country’s m ost decorative royal palaces—elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several __32__ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron（网格状）city planning.A romantic dusty pink type—which has __33__ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink to welcome Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert—gives Jaipur its __34__ as the “Pink City”. This __35__ beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair—who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them—said that the images they __36__ in Jaipur received a lot of response online. “A lot of our followers hadn’t seen this side of India, so we’re happy we were able to show this side of the country.” Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city’s most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its buildings. “The first gates you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different __37__ of the color—from bright pinks to red dish browns.”The building is a(n) __38__ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal women to observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng’s most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building’s lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different __39__ to editing than with images of other cities. “I toned down my usual editing process because thepink was so bright in reality,” he said, “I wanted the photos to __40__ the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a “healthy” __41__ might be is far from easy.Some negative experiences on social media—like __42__ how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in __43__ is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on childr en’s __44__ comfort, including happiness, mental health and social life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more __45__ effect.The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to __46__ comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. __47__, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not __48__. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually __49__ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater __50__ of friendship or emotional problems.So how much time should our children spend looking at screens? It is difficult to be __51__ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people __52__ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not __53__ trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for __54__ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very __55__ predictions are possible.41. A. amount B. comparison C. experience D. medium42. A. accounting for B. boasting of C. commenting on D. worrying about43. A. general B. particular C. private D. public44. A. domestic B. material C. physical D. psychological45. A. complex B. dramatic C. harmless D. predictable46. A. improved B. maximum C. relative D. small47. A. As a rule B. In contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still48. A. convincing B. definite C. probable D. true49. A. estimating B. experiencing C. reducing D. tracing50. A. connection B. power C. promotion D. risk51. A. balanced B. independent C. precise D. subjective52. A. agree B. forget C. object D. remember53. A. equally B. readily C. reluctantly D. weakly54. A. emotion therapy B. social media C. TV broadcasting D. video game55. A. confident B. optimistic C. rough D. wildSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty; in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there? I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world, and walk where no man has before. Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage of discovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas’s library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally, my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine, and sciences of practical importance for a sea-going adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56. What does the author think of the Pole?A. It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It’s too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _____.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain’s rec ognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _____.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD. pride(B)Subject Art & Design, Craft & Creative, BeautyDelivery method OnlineStudy level Professional development, Short, AccreditedRef FACE-GUARDPrice £30, was £299, use code: GUARD90Face Painting Academy DiplomaStart a career in Face Painting or simply learn for fun.Do you have a love for entertaining people?Are you artistic and want to impress people with a new skill?Have you ever thought about doing a course in face painting so you can earn fantastic money?If so then with this course you could become a qualified face painter just like hundreds of other people who have taken our courses. For a one-off fee（一次性付款）you can study online and complete the diploma in about 28 hours.The comprehensive syllabus(教学大纲) is supported by 16 instructional videos so you can learn all the designs with ease, and you will learn a wide range of designs including dog, rabbit and spider man. With 14 modules to cover, you can become an accomplished face painter.Your qualification will be recognized and can be checked for validity by all of your future clients too! Take a step in the right direction and get your Face Painting Academy Diploma today.£30, was £299, use code: GUARD90Module 1 Your Introduction to Becoming a Face PainterModule 2 The Equipment and Materials You Will Need for Face PaintingModule 3 Health & Safety and Risk AssessmentsModule 4 Starting / Running Your Own BusinessModule 5 Pricing and CostsModule 6 Marketing Your Business & Social MediaModule 7 The Do’s and Don’ts and What to Do If Your Business Doesn’t Go WellModule 8 How to do a Dog / Cat Face Paint DesignModule 9 How to do a Butterfly / Dolphin Face Paint DesignModule 10 How to do a Monkey / Frog Face Paint DesignModule 11 How to do a Rabbit / Swan Face Paint DesignModule 12 How to do a Tiger / Dinosaur Face Paint DesignModule 13 How to do a Spiderman / Batman Face Paint DesignModule 14 How to do a Minnie Mouse / Princess Face Paint Design59. The course is intended mainly for those _____.A. keen on showing off new skillsB. eager to get an academy diplomaC. interested in learning face paintingD. equipped with a unique taste for art60. You can save $_____ if signing up for the course now.A. 30B. 269C. 299D. 32961. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the course?A. It is presented both online and offline.B. It provides not only lessons on business.C. The diploma can be obtained in one day.D. Some clients will be invited to examine your qualification.62. In which module are you likely to learn how to advertise your business?A. Module 4.B. Module 6.C. Module 7.D. Module 10.(C)All ac ross America, students are anxiously finishing their “What I Want To Be …” college application essays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that’s the only way to become workforce re ady. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about “hard skills”.Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company’s establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities of Google’s top emp loyees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others; being supportive of one’s colleagues; being a go od critical thinker and problem solver; and being able to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer. Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Adminstration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skills even in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company’s most important and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of emp loyees who don’t always have to be the smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity, curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list: emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted, is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational.63. The underlined word “contradict” most probably means “_____”.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to _____.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD. impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C. Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.For Self-driving Cars, Car Washes are a NightmareCar washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully self-driving vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.__67__ For example, soap remainder or water spots could effectively “blind” a self-driving car. A traditional car wash’s heavy brushes could jar the vehicle’s sensors, disturbing their standardization and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. __68__ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle’s ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving vans of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google’s parent company. Avis chief innovation officer Arthur Orduña told CNN, “There are spe cial processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean the vans quite often.”__69__ But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive, AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber (微纤维) cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.__70__ This should ease some need for manual cleaning. But because self-driving vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn’t imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Dangerous Downsides of PerfectionismIn one of my earliest memories, I’m drawing. I don’t remember what the picture is supposed to be, but I remember the mistake. My marker slips, an unintentional line appears and my lip trembles. The picture has long since disappeared. But that feeling of deep frustration, even shame, stays with me.That’s the thing about perfectionism, a crucially self-defeating way to move through the world. It makes you better at your career and relationships and life in general. Culturally, we often see perfectionism as a positive.But the disadvantage of perfe ctionism isn’t just that it holds you back from being your most successful, productive-self. Perfectionistic tendencies have been linked to a long list of clinical issues: depression, social anxiety disorder, eating disorders, and most damaging of all, suicide (自杀).“Based upon the 60-odd studies that we’ve done, the higher the perfectionism is, the more psychological disorder s you’re going to suffer,” says York St John University’s Hill. “Factors often labeled ‘healthy’ perfectionism, like striving for excellence, aren’t actually perfectionism at all. T hey’re just conscientiousness(尽职尽责)—which explains why people with those tendencies often have different results in studies. Perfectionism isn’t interpreted by working hard or setting high goals. It’s that critical inner voice.”Take the student who works hard and gets a poor mark. If she tells herself, “I’m disappointed, but it’s okay; I’m still a good person overall,” that’s healthy. If the message is, “I’m a failure. I’m not good enough,” that’s perfectionism.Perfectionists can make smooth sailing into a storm, a brief ill wind into a category-five hurricane. Eventually, the behaviours perfectionists adapt, actually, do make them more likely to fail.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他一直提醒自己不要对他人太苛刻。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）
2018届上海市各区⾼三英语⼀模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-t hree years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module(登⽉舱)was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle(轻声笑), saying: “It w as never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his ach ievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger(记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the ag e of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of NeilArmstrong and give him a wink (眨眼⽰意),” his family said to Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.Keys: 56-59: C D D BSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of mill ennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big storyKeys: 56-59 DDBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night orpregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ” in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpfulKeys: 56-59 ADDBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Companies Take Punitive Steps Against Smoker ,Overweight Workers(By Tim Jones)Get ready to say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals,junk food and that after-work cigarette you always enjoy smoking at-least if you intend to have a job and health insurance.The rule of the workplace are changing and personal behavior and lifestyle habits -those unrelated to what you do at work are -now fair game for employers determined to cut health-care costs. If you smoke ,you may not get hired and you could get fired,If you cholesterol is too high,you can pay higher premiums for you insurance .The same goes for blood pressure and body mass.The requirement accepted by a growing number of companies are encroaching on privacy and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance ,as well as employment.The Cleveland Clinic on Sept.I started nicotine testing in pre-employment physicals .If nicotine is found ,applicants will not be hired.We -yco Inc,a company based in Lansing,Michigan,drew national attention in 2005 when it fired four employees who used tobacco .We-yco performs random testing every 3 months ,usually of about 30 employees .Workers are required to blow into a Breathalyzer-link device that measures carbon monoxide levels .If the reading is high ,employees are required to take a urine test.If they fail the urinalysis twice ,they will be dismissed.Although thousands of employees have put in place inspiration for their workers to live healthier lifestyles,the vast majority of employers have not yet adopted the approach of punishing employees who do not satisfy medical or behavioralrequirements.But punitive measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace,according to lawyer and groups that follow insurance and employment trends, because health-care costs are double-digit rates annually.Gray Climes ,vice president of Meritain Health Michigan ,which now owns We-yco, noted that firings did not violate Michigan law and that 150 employees at the Okemos-based company have ,over time ,accepted the rules . It really comes down to a personal choice as far as you want to be employe d here.”Climes said .Climes said that since 2005,when we-yco made the wellness policy that includes that the smoking ban ,health insurance costs have increased by 2 percent ayear,well below the national average.56.What is the author’s advice on getting employed?A. Paying high er premiums of health insurance.B. Quitting smoking and keeping away from junk foodC. Taking a urine test before applying for a good job.D. Studying hard and knowing more about the company.57.The italicized words encroaching on in the passage mean .A. enrichingB. recoveringC. protectingD. invading58.We-yco Ine,drew national attention in 2005 because .A. four of its employees were fired just for smokingB. four of its employees violated Michigan lawC. Its health insurance costs have increased rapidlyD. A device was used to measure carbon monoxide levels59.What is the most probable title of this passage?A. Health insurance costs are increasingB. urine tests are required for every employeeC. most of the employer get tough on healthD. employees are provided with good health careKeys:66-59 BDACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customerslining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At t hat moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably meansthat __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writingKEYS: 56-59 DCCBSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Korean Americans at GBS High SchoolGlenbrook South (GBS) High School is in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is an award-winning school with a highly competent teaching staff. It has over 400 Asian Pacific. American students-over 17 percent of die students in the school. Of these, the majority are Korean American. This is very unusual in a state where Korean Americans are less than 1 percent of the population. The interactions of the Korean American students at UBS were the subject of an article in Asian Week magazine.Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school were most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Koreanidentity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude. Alice 18 years oldI used to spend time only with Korean American friends Although I felt secure with those friends, I found myself motivated to form closer relationship with non-Koreans, too. I felt I was missing out on new experiences and challenges.Paul 16 years oldI have some Korean American friends, but I spend most of my time with white friends. I’m often the only Asian American in the group, but I don’t mind. What I like about the white culture is that I can be more radical. I can be as loud and funny as I want to be. I don’t see as much of that among the Asian students.John 17 years oldIn junior high school, most of my friends were white. After coming to GBS, my sense of my Korean American identity was restored, and I decided to have mainly Korean American friends. I feel that my Korean American friends and I mainly understand each other better. For example, we understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; I felt my white friends couldn’t really understand.Without belittle(轻视）the importance of what these students had to say, it’s imp ortant to remember that their opinions at this phase of their lives ate bound to change as they grow into adulthood. But these honest opinions can help us better understand issues of culture relations, and their honesty might help Americans from different cultural groups to get along better in the future.56. The passage mainly discusses .A. how Korean American students interact among themselves and with othersB. why Illinois is a very special stateC. how an Illinois high school welcomes Korean American studentsD. different opinions of the friends of Korean American students57. Which statement best summarizes Alice's attitude?A. She feels that her white friends don’t rea lly understand herB. She likes her Korean American friends but wants to have non-Korean friends too.C. She feels she is missing out on experiences with her Korean American fiends.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案已经校对)(20200223154055)
One【2018届上海市虹口区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-t hree years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “g leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is aman whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time,Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partnershad only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module(登月舱)was approaching the moon’s surface, thecomputer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it wasan unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touchedthe ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. Butas never a concern to me because IArmstrong responded with a chuckle(轻声笑), saying: “It wknew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gaveievement. He stopped giving his signatures wheninterviews and didn’t like talking about his achhe found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger(记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he feltknowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the ag e of 82, but he will be remembered. “The nexttime you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of NeilArmstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.Keys: 56-59: C D D BTwo【2018届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of mill ennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationshipwith peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growingdesire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from anyother TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words,the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosityof looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as ifwe truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in-writing of theadvance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re script（剧本）and there’s no turning back –this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award forbest director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the filmfollows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when hefinished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child geniu He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likesriding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to lookunderneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.coming-of-age” stories because __________.58. Audience are interested in “A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big storyKeys: 56-59 DDBAThree【2018届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comesto mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims thathis unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job,and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night orpregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ” in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpfulKeys: 56-59 ADDBFour【2018届上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Companies Take Punitive Steps Against Smoker ,Overweight Workers(By Tim Jones)Get ready to say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals,junk food and that after-work cigarette you always enjoy smoking at-least if you intend to have a job and health insurance.The rule of the workplace are changing and personal behavior and lifestyle habits -those unrelated to what you do at work are -now fair game for employers determined to cut health-care costs.If you smoke ,you may not get hired and you could get fired,If you cholesterol is too high,youcan pay higher premiums for you insurance .The same goes for blood pressure and body mass.The requirement accepted by a growing number of companies are encroaching on privacy and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance ,as well as employment.The Cleveland Clinic on Sept.I started nicotine testing in pre-employment physicals .If nicotine is found ,applicants will not be hired.We -yco Inc,a company based in Lansing,Michigan,drew national attention in 2005 when itfired four employees who used tobacco .We-yco performs random testing every 3 months ,usuallyof about 30 employees .Workers are required to blow into a Breathalyzer-link device that measures carbon monoxide levels .If the reading is high ,employees are required to take a urine test.If they fail the urinalysis twice ,they will be dismissed.Although thousands of employees have put in place inspiration for their workers to live healthier lifestyles,the vast majority of employers have not yet adopted the approach of punishing employees who do not satisfy medical or behavioral requirements.But punitive measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace,according to lawyer and groups that follow insurance and employment trends, because health-care costs are double-digit rates annually.Gray Climes ,vice president of Meritain Health Michigan ,which now owns We-yco, notedthat firings did not violate Michigan law and that 150 employees at the Okemos-based company have ,over time ,accepted the rules . It really comes down to a personal choice as far as you want to be employe d here.”Climes said .Climes said that since 2005,when we-yco made the wellness policy that includes that the smoking ban ,health insurance costs have increased by 2 percent ayear,well below the national average.56.What is the author’s advice on getting employed?A. Paying high er premiums of health insurance.B. Quitting smoking and keeping away from junk foodC. Taking a urine test before applying for a good job.D. Studying hard and knowing more about the company.57.The italicized words encroaching on in the passage mean .A. enrichingB. recoveringC. protectingD. invading58.We-yco Ine,drew national attention in 2005 because .A. four of its employees were fired just for smokingB. four of its employees violated Michigan lawC. Its health insurance costs have increased rapidlyD. A device was used to measure carbon monoxide levels59.What is the most probable title of this passage?A. Health insurance costs are increasingB. urine tests are required for every employeeC. most of the employer get tough on healthD. employees are provided with good health careKeys:66-59 BDACFive【2018届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The differen between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more timesthan unsuccessful people.” I personallyexperienced the wisdom of that understanding right aftermy first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore customerslining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, Iwas put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside theroom exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As eachminute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like neverbefore in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm everyday, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading intomy clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes andthen whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’-aged couple walked intobig joke. At t hat moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middlethe room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There wassomething different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But Ididn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife.She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing ithad served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my bookcaught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keepme moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives aremade all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means 59. By saying “that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writingKEYS: 56-59 DCCBSix【2018届上海市闵行区高三英语一模】Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Korean Americans at GBS High SchoolGlenbrook South (GBS) High School is in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States.It is an award-winning school with a highly competent teaching staff. It has over 400 Asian Pacific. American students-over 17 percent of die students in the school. Of these, the majority are Korean American. This is very unusual in a state where Korean Americans are less than 1 percentof the population. The interactions of the Korean American students at UBS were the subject of an article in Asian Week magazine.Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school were most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Koreanidentity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude.Alice 18 years oldI used to spend time only with Korean American friends Although I felt secure with those friends, I found myself motivated to form closer relationship with non-Koreans, too. I felt I wasmissing out on new experiences and challenges.Paul 16 years oldI have some Korean American friends, but I spend most of my time with white friends. I’m often the only Asian American in the group, but I don’t mind. What I like about the white cultureis that I can be more radical. I can be as loud and funny as I want to be. I don’t see as much of that among the Asian students.John 17 years oldIn junior high school, most of my friends were white. After coming to GBS, my sense of my Korean American identity was restored, and I decided to have mainly Korean American friends. Ifeel that my Korean American friends and I mainly understand each other better. For example, we understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; I felt my white friends couldn’t really understand.Without belittle(轻视）the importance of what these students had to say, it’s imp ortant to remember that their opinions at this phase of their lives ate bound to change as they grow into adulthood. But these honest opinions can help us better understand issues of culture relations, and their honesty might help Americans from different cultural groups to get along better in the future.56. The passage mainly discusses .A. how Korean American students interact among themselves and with othersB. why Illinois is a very special stateC. how an Illinois high school welcomes Korean American studentsD. different opinions of the friends of Korean American students57. Which statement best summarizes Alice's attitude?A. She feels that her white friends don’t rea lly understand herB. She likes her Korean American friends but wants to have non-Korean friends too.C. She feels she is missing out on experiences with her Korean American fiends.。
上海市黄浦区2018～2019学年高三上学期期末质量调研考试(一模)英语试题(解析版)
绝密★启用前上海市黄浦区2019届高三上学期期末质量调研测试（一模）英语试题（解析版）2018 年 12 月 14 日(完卷时间: 120 分钟满分: 140 分)第 I 卷(共 100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. Waiter and guest.B. Trainer and trainee.C. Policeman and driver.D. Teacher and student.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: Madam, why didn’t you wear your seat belt?W: I’m sorry, sir. Will I have to pay a fine?Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。
2.音频A. At Susan Baker’s.B. At the computer company.C. In his own office.D. In a restaurant.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: Good morning. This is Susan Baker at Sunshine Computer Company. Is Michael Smith there?M: Sorry, he is out for lunch. May I take a message?Q: Where is Michael Smith most probably now?【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。
2018上海高三英语一模汇编：完形填空
2018届高三英语一模汇编——完形填空1、2018黄浦一模Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme__41__”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t__42__our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you__43__ is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough__44__to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other__45__such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a__46__for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud(赝品)–then investors cannot fall back on__47__for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)__48__return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can__49__in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment__50__.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction(拍卖)sales__51__in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more__52__budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most__53__approach is probably to buy something you like and can__54__and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)__55__benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.social答案：41--45BDACA46--50CBADC51--55CDDAACameron Buckner,assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston,argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called“executive control”when it comes to making decisions,__41__considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is__42__for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking,or thinking about thinking.But supported by a review of previously published research,Buckner__43__that a wide variety of animals—elephants,chimpanzees(黑猩猩),ravens(大乌鸦)and lions,among others—__44__reasonable decision-making.“These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the__45__they are evaluating for their goal,they possess a subjective,internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,”he wrote.The question has been__46__since the days of the ancient philosophers,as people considered what means to be human is.One way to address that,Buckner said,is to__47__exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans,and Buckner notes that serious__48__in the 1970s and80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language,__49__—found that although they were able to express simple ideas,they did not engage in__50__thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable__51__to study the issue,but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments.Buckner,working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A.Reber,mental biologist at the University of Vienna,last year__52__the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds,__53__their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper,Buckner offers several examples to support his__54__.His goal,Buckner said,was to organize experimental research,“to see that we’re gathered enough evidence to say that animals really are__55__in a unique way.”41.A.secretly B.unintentionally C.scarcely D.consciously42.A.required B.qualified C.acquired D.prepared43.A.concerns plains C.conclude D.convinces44.A.turn down B.engage in C.refer to D.argue about45.A.option B.scheme C.regulation D.random46.A.dismissed B.ignored C.debated D.answered47.A.evaluate B.determine C.overlook D.initiate48.A.results B.successes C.achievements D.attempts49.A.for example B.this is to say C.on the contrary D.as a result50.A.obvious B.feasible C.private plex51.A.mystery B.tradition C.evidence D.fiction52.A.substituted B.published C.reflected D.maintained53.A.adapting B.symbolizing C.investigating D.revenging54.A.agreement B.implement C.requirement D.argument55.A.passionate B.reasonable C.confused D.ridiculous答案：41--45DACBA46--50CBDAD51--55CBADB8Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity.But is there really a(n)__41__ between intoxication(醉酒)and inspiration?A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity.The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in__42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems:”Sometimes a reduced ability to__43__one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,”they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that__44__attention and focus,in particular,stimulants(兴奋剂), would have the opposite effect on creative thinking__45__,very little research has been done on the issue,and what results exist so far have been mixed.The outcomes may well vary according to individual__46__to the drugs.__47__, some research has found that while stimulants can__48__test performance for those who are less intelligent,for the smartest folks,the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity,this may also explain why artists,writers and musicians appear to be more__49__to have an addiction.Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be__50__to drugs in the first place,as a possible source of inspiration.And then,if reduced executive function is__51__in part for their initial talent,this,too,could make them more easily influenced by__52__once they start using.Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness,addiction and art,the authors__53__that their study findings don’t give people__54__to get drunk to“inspire the muse(冥想).”Co-author Jennifer Wiley,associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago,told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest:”We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to__55__.There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two,however,may occasionally help.41.A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration42.A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.Assessing43.A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control44.A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase45.A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore46.A.Additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts47.A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the otherhand48.A.conceal B.executive C.improve D.delete 49.A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult 50.A.AttractedB.contributedC.respondedD.withdrawn 51.A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible 52.A.confusion B.Ambition C.Addiction D.exhaustion53.A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution54.A.sacrifice B.privacy C.Appreciation D.license55.A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.Affection答案：41--45CBADA46--50BACBA51--55ACDDB12、2018静安一模The sights,sounds,and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental.More likely,they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called“sensory marketing”to create an emotional association to a(n) __41__product or brand.By relating to people in a far more__42__way through everyone’s own senses,sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider__43__product factors like price, features,and utility.Sensory marketing,by contrast,seeks to resort to the consumer’s life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people,as consumers,will act according to their emotional urge more than to their __44__reasoning.In this way,an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product,rather than a plain but cheap__45__.In the past,communications with customers were mainly monologues—companies just‘talked at’consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues,with customers providing__46__.Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations,with products finding their won voices and consumers responding__47__to them.Based on the implied messages received through five senses,consumers,without noticing it,tend to apply human-like personalities to brands,leading to intimate relationship and,hopefully for the brands,persistent__48__. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits.Most brands are considered to have either“sincere”or“exciting”personalities.“Sincere”brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while“exciting”brands like Apple,and Ferrari are as imaginative and__49__.In general,the consumers tend to form__50__relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones,this explains the relatively enduring history of the“Sincere Brands”.Certainly,with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the__51__cells in a person’s body,sight is considered the most important of all human senses.Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable“sight experience”of the product for consumers which extends to packaging,store interiors,and printed advertising to form a(n)__52__image for the brand.In other words,no aspects of a product design is left to__53__anymore,especially color.Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color__54__the product at all?If not, customers,though not realizing it themselves,will__55__the brands in all possible ways-sales,reputations,etc. Therefore,brands,isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?41.A.specific B.qualified C.average D.adequate 42.A.economic B.personal C.artificial D.mechanic43.A.obvious B.potential C.accessible D.concrete 44.A.imaginable B.objective C.psychological D.gradual 45.A.alternative B.reward C.sample D.exhibit pliment B.fund C.prospect D.feedback47.A.temporarily B.subconsciously C.occasionally D.attentively48.A.loyalty B.philosophy C.endurance D.regulationd B.daring C.steady D.classic50.A.far-fetched B.hard-won C.long-lasting D.easy-going51.A.individual B.sensory C.present D.general52.A.overall B.ambitious C.dramatic D.additional53.A.chance B.maintenance C.progress D.leadership54.A.accept B.overlook C.fit D.treat 55.A.shape B.punish C.signify D.exploit答案：41-45ABDBA46--50DBABC51--55BAACB13、2018青浦一模Travel,a home coming tourIn the UK travel is an enriching life experience that will make your resume stand out amongstother applicants. Travel is not simply a pursuit of__41__but also“character-b uilding”，“defining”and potentially“career-boosting”.Most of the people I know here at university__42__the desire to travel and escape the stresssurrounding us.But Idon’t think,as UK students,we can blame our addiction to international travel simply on a stressful life.Yes,Ihave a lotto handle and it’s a fine__43__act managing my part-time job,my degree and my social life to a perfect level.In a trulyopen world,we can get anywhere,see anything and experience every culture under the sun,at the click of a button,thepurchase of a__44__.Many people I met while working in China were surprised at the number of countries I’d travelled pared to friends and family I consider myself vastly__45__.I’ve never set foot across the pond in the U.S.A and Canada,let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from__46__.I was also met by__47__at how little travelling I had done within my own borders.This was something I had not really considered before.How much of my own country had I really seen and experienced?To those from a place as vast and varied as China,Britain was really so__48__in comparison and so to have spent20years there and not seen every part of it was quite surprising.I had a conversation with a Chinese colleague over the reasoning behind our use of golden Cotswold stone,which sounds dull for most people.As a student of history,I found anything__49__fascinating.However it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting.What was curious was that it was something I had never even considered,and yet here was someone__50__on something I had simply taken for granted.We continued our discussion,yet I was left__51__that I could not answer her question.In China,as well as a wealth of new culture that fascinated me,I discovered that there were parts of the UK’s culture,history,the very structure of my identity that were so different,so unique from China that I also__52__a newly found interest in my own heritage.In this respect,travelling enables you with two things.Firstly you develop a(n)__53__with new cultures, understanding customs,experiencing cuisines and absorbing the sights and smells of every new city.For many employers this__54__to new locations is seen as tremendous in your personal resume.But alongside increased employability,through international,cross-cultural conversations,you develop an interest in your own history,culture, and customs.You return to your home__55__an understanding of other people’s fascination with it and your own sense of love for its peculiarities.41.A.leisure B.wealth pany D.personality42.A.question B.refuse C.detect D.experience43.A.balancing B.forcing C.judging D.disturbing44.A.course B.stamp C.diploma D.ticket45.A.under-stuffed B.under-travelled C.under-used D.under-expanded46.A.official B.vacant plete D.accurate47.A.excitement B.hatred C.astonishment D.disgust 48.A.youngB.beautifulC.remoteD.small 49.A.historical B.dramatic C.religious D.perfect 50.A.piledB.hookedC.reliedD.carried51.A.exhausted B.embarrassed C.puzzled D.convinced52.A.exchanged B.lost C.gained D.traded53.A.observation B.resolution C.fascination D.illustration54.A.relation B.preference C.agreement D.adaptability55.A.objecting to B.filled with C.bothered by D.searching for答案：41--45ADADB46--50CCDAB51--55BCCDB15、2018金山一模AlphaGo has struck again,defeating Ke Jie,the world’s number one Go player,3-0.After his defeat,the youngChinese prodigy said AlphaGo sees the__41__of Go while he could only see a small area around him.This win, coupled with last year’s victory over Lee Se-dol,shines a light on the awe-inspiring__42__of technology and places AlphaGo among the greatest Artificial Intelligence(AI)systems created to date.The AI industry is certainly making great advancements,constantly surprising the public with new and interesting tools and making life__43__.Twenty years ago,just connecting to the Internet was a__44__.Now,we can do just about anything on our phones,from online banking to__45__shows.The shifting sands of technology have placed so many paths in front of humanity that it is hard to__46__even the immediate future.We may talk about how AI can make our lives better,but we also consider the risks.Many stories and films__47__ around the theme of AI vs.human.One that comes to my mind now is The Terminator.The film is about an AI system called Skynet,which was__48__to protect humans.What the programmers did not expect was that Skynet began to think.It came to the conclusion that humans were a danger to its existence,so it started a global nuclear war and tried to “__49__”humanity.AlphaGo’s recent achievements highlight the__50__that technology and AI can bring about.They also serve to remind us of the__51__and risks we may not have had time to think about.Some of us used to__52__the possibility of creating an actual“thinking”AI system,or believe that humans will always be able to__53__an AI system,but certain facts have now been placed in front of us.All that’s left to be done is to__54__the actual“thinking”part of advanced AI systems like AlphaGo to more fields.Once that happens,human beings will be pretty much__55__.If we do not fully understand the risks of AI systems,we might be flying too close to the“sun”,and like Icarus in Greek mythology,we will fall.41.A.fun B.secret C.universe D.potential42.A.intelligence B.advancements C.risks D.threats43.A.easier B.slower C.harder D.faster44.A.mess B.headache C.loss D.leisure45.A.live B.instant C.immediate D.direct46.A.tell B.frame C.predict D.encounter47.A.reveal B.reverse C.resolve D.revolve48.A.processed B.modified C.introduced D.developed49.A.help B.isolate C.terminate D.investigate50.A.benefits B.possibilities C.signals D.incident51.A.questions B.tragedies C.treasures D.disasters52.A.analyze B.develop C.doubt D.preview53.A.outsmart B.overhead C.outnumber D.overtake54.A.adopt B.shrink C.adapt D.control55.A.intelligent B.powerful C.patriotic D.outdated答案：41-45CBABA46--50CDDCB51--55ACACD15。
1 2018届黄浦区高三英语一模(作文有范文)
黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）2017年12月15日上午第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resumé.C. Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC.8. A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful.9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements.10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesn’t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished.12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurring to her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera.C. Do some research for her writing.D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist.16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’ (21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it. But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just toget a picture. To control this, we’d like to reg ulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?“With extreme 41 ” is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. “We don’t42 our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides. It doesn't produce income or earnings. What you 43 is exclusively based on supply and demand, and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,” he said.To invest in art as a true investment, you need a starting fund of at least $5,000. But it’s not just about having enough 44 to buy the painting in the first place. Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels, and to protect them from sun damage or other 45 such as a spilled cup of coffee. And if you do put it on your wall, then your insurance costs are likely to be high. If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall, then you're likely to be a 46 for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong – for example, an artwork turns out to be a fraud（赝品）– then investors cannot fall back on 47 for any repayment.41. A. accuracy B. carefulness C. enthusiasm D. generosity42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend43. A. get back B. look into C. take out D. turn to44. A. desire B. energy C. money D. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measures D. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. target D. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategy D. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthier D. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go ahead D. go up50. A. funds B. levels C. selections D. rates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recovered D. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obvious D. socialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence – their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we tru ly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr –played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietlyspoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing experie nce EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in “coming-of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big story( B )B BC SHOPEntertaining. Informing. Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) –inspiring look at our planet’s wildest, most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13)–entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7). The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9) with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!NEWTHE MOMENTWelcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in this exciting historicaldrama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen froma Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, the man wholoves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid with a thieving past,and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of theMoonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins. 3¾hours.DVD 21024 $34.99 YOUR PRICE: ￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins – perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients – flour, butter, sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.Angel 21042 $19.98Santa 21043 $19.9860. Tom’s wife is a home baker, so he’d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.A. 8B. 9C. 13D. 4161. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “The Moment”?A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D. It is based on Wikie Collins’ most famous detective novel.62. What can be learned about the shortbread?A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitari anism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a sy mbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances,Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, a long with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence canbelieve the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction. There’s certainly nothing wrong with that. 68Also last week, Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage. 69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase, but “obviously it’s something that we look at closely,as any other company would”. She said that more than 99 percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage. It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending. So it’s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose. 70 “That is assuming that consumer behavior would be, ‘I f they have more money, they’ll spend more money,’” she said. “That isn’t always necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can’t.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
上海市黄浦区2018届高三上学期期终调研测试英语试卷(含答案)
黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resumé.C.Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC.8. A. He is fearless. B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful.9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements.10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesn’t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished.12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurringto her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera.C. Do some research for her writing.D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don’t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist.16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits. B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers’ multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway’s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of peo ple who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we’d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accommodationB.annualC.declineD.destinationE.dinersF.hostedG.ingredients H.precisely I.ranked J.remote K.talentedIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels, and to protect them from sun damage or other 45 such as a spilled cup of coffee. And if you do put it on your wall, then your insurance41. A. accuracy B. carefulness C. enthusiasm D. generosity42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend43. A. get back B. look into C. take out D. turn to44. A. desire B. energy C. money D. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measures D. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. target D. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategy D. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthier D. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go ahead D. go up50. A. funds B. levels C. selections D. rates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recovered D. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obvious D. socialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-00s is a documentary about gr owing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials’experiences on their path toward adolescence–their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show’s makers followed a group of kids from when they we re infantsthrough to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show’s “characters” grow older for real, and their stories are all real.“Coming-of-age” stories, as they’re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someon e else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there’s no re-writing of the script（剧本）and there’s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of Mason Jr – played by US actor Ellar Coltrane – from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood’s appeals comes from its “ordinariness”. Mason Jr isn’t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary – the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-00’s growing exper ience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they longto be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. They’re intended to win an award for best director.B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They’re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids’ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers. 58. Audience are interested in “coming -of-age” stories because __________.A. they can see the truth of lifeB. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life 59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big story ( B )BBC SHOPEntertaining. Informing. Inspiring.WHAT A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) – inspiring look at our planet’s wildest, most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…fr om mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13) – entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7). The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9) with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!THE MOMENTWelcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in this exciting historical drama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, the man who loves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid Blake must with a thieving past, and doctor who experiments with opium （鸦片）? discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerfultale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detectivenovel by Wikie Collins. 3¾ hours.DVD 21024 $34.99 YOUR PRICE: ￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins –perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients – flour, butter, sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins willhold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.Angel 21042 $19.98Santa 21043 $19.9860. Tom’s wife is a home baker, so he’d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.A. 8B. 9C. 13D. 4161. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “The Moment”?A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D. It is based on Wikie Collins’ most famous detective novel.62. What can be learned about the shortbread?A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitari an spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated evenfurther –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thin g you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favourshortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition sare getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before – moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting t he breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as ifwe’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模
黄浦区 2018 学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语（满分 140 分，完卷时间120 分钟）Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ： After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___21___ toilet seat, Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.you’re wrong. around 10 times as manyIn one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from ahospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before___22___ （ die ） from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___23___（confess ） to the crime.___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Mostcause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all you, ”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton- Marcell. “That ’s biological information. ”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from___25___ of your friends and family. They ’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day inthe future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants ’ homes, ___26___ countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on eachobject to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___27___ （ early ）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identifythe person who ___28___ （ use） a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeksat room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show ___29___ people have gone and what they have touched. Theycould prove ___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?Section BDirections ： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be usedonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. measurementB. similarC. remarkablyD. monetaryE. astronomyF.alteredG. civilization H. defined I. independence J. invariably K. dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile ’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able tocontrol and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the watersubsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil.Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during thedry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, duringthe New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ tothe way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicinewere also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts （囊肿） . Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition （迷信） . And while a great deal of timewas dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16 th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What isnow mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ . The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Damin 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country ’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections ： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C,and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71%of Earth ’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture,industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is___43___ for agriculture,but locally in heavily irrigated（浇灌）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for waterresources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequatewater supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failedto materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dryduring 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top.In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turnoff the taps, in April.This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres,and working ___50___ with industry and agricultureto reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day.___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycleon full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices wereinstalled at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This isnot without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___.It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of alack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of DayZero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water managementstrategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What ’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatSection B(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to- wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia ”is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson ’s award -winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affectingstory of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents anda talent for drawing. An introverted( 内向的 ) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jessforms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and hispictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they cancontrol and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmareand the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia ” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain ofbeing different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads,“Bridge to Terabithia”is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprisedat the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror.In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delic ate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia”is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and artfrom the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imag ination is both welcome and essential.56.The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.A.lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB.looked down on their individual realitiesC.formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD.wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace“traumatized ”(paragraph 4)?A. criticizedB. ignoredC. delightedD. shocked58.The two children most likely ________.A.skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB.created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC.disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD.won against the bullies at school with strong performances59.Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A.The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B.The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C.“Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.D.Children shouldn ’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.(B)Hot Air BalloonsA hot air balloon ismade up of 3 mainparts:The EnvelopeThe actual fabricballoon which holdsthe airThe BurnerThe unit which pushesthe heat up into theenvelopeThe BasketWhere the passengersand pilot standThe basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air. This is because hot airis lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume. Mass can be defined by the measure ofhow much matter something contains. The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amountof heated air to lift it off theground.The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the groundand into the air. The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight toensure that the balloon continues to the stable. Naturally, the hot air will not escape from the hotat the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly, the floating power keeps itmoving up.To move the balloon upwards, the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to theburner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope. It works in much the same way as a gas grill:the more you open the valve, the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.The “Parachute Valve ” at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground. It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a ropewhich runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket. If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down, he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve, letting hot air escape, decreasingthe inner air temperature. This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the windblows in different directions at different altitudes. If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction, he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.60.The purpose of this article is to __________.A. explain how hot air balloons workB. illustrate why hot air balloons are usefulC. describe hot air balloons’ structureD. inform readers about how hot air balloons are made61. What would happen if the“Parachute Valve” could not be released after it was opened?A. The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up.B. The balloon would climb up more rapidlyC. The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.D. The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.62.Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?A. The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.B. An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.C. A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.D. A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.(C)The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable.Temperatures change around 470°C(900°F), result of a runway greenhouse effect, and the pressure of its atmosphere, thick with carbon dioxide andsulfuric acid(硫酸), is some 90 times that of Earth’s. Lead(铅) would flow like water on Venus, andwater cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years.theNow NASA’S Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape: active volcanoes. Last week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramaticimages ever made of its surface. The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet onceassumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.The most amazing image is of Venus’s second tallest mountain, Maat Mons, which rises 8km(5 miles) .Most of the planet ’s many peaks, including (6 -mile-) high Maxwell Montes, look bright in the radar picturesMagellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover. That means they are strong reflectors of radarwaves. But Maat Mons is dark; like the Stealth bomber, it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.This interesting fact, say project scientists, is a strong hint that the mountains has recently beencovered with lava(熔岩). Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly inthe hot , chemically reactive atmosphere, creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide( this mineral, the scientists believe, that can easily be seen on radar. If Maat Mons doesn 硫化铁 ). It is ’t have any,it has probably been resurfaced, perhaps within the past few years.Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands: earlier images of the planet showedvast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑). That would be easy to explain on a Planet likeEarth, where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion. But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus, the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow. Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows, including dome like upwellings and hardened streamed of rocktrailing down the sides of Venusian peaks. There are also signs of other geologic activities, includingdramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building.But the evidence can’t indicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago. The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yetproved, but Magell an, which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet’s surface, may eventually settle the issue.63. Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?A. Carbon dioxideB. Sulfuric acidC. Liquid waterD. Active volcanoes64. The scientists believe that _________ shows up easily on radar.A. geological changeB. iron sulfideC. mountain mineralD. lava flow65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.B. The wind erosion on Venus is caused by periodic lava flowsC. Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be seen on EarthD. Other geologic activities have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomenon.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. NASA’S Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus.B. There is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus.C. Some evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts.D. Magellan will conduct a follow-up complete survey of the Venus’ surface.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them.B. Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facialstructures of people.C. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might changethe texture of social interactions.F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize eachother and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.Nowhere To Hide:What Machines Can Tell From Your FaceThe human face is a remarkable piece of work. 67 So is the face ’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, forsigns of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide theirfeelings, intentions or nature.68 In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers ’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple ’s new iPhone is expected to use i t to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Somebreakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. 69 Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. Andyet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.70 Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot everyprohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone ’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transacti onal.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and i s predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world.At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketingnew forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sportand physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel.It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category.Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famoussports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another formof celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sportspersonalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise ” arrange f or passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals whotravel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.第 II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 好多人对他们的潜能全无所闻。
2018-2019学年浦东新区高三年级英语一模测试卷（含答案）
浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper. and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A. Blue.B. Green.C. Y ellow.D. Purple2. A. 7:15.B. 7:45.C. 8:00. D. 8:15.3. A. In a restaurant.B. At the man's house.C. In a supermarket.D. In the hospital.4. A. The CEO won't be free at that time.B. The lecture hall isn't big enough.C. The equipment in the lecture hall is out of order.1 / 18D. The lecture hall is not reserved early enough.5. A. An athlete.B. A fitness instructor.C. A mechanic.D. A medical doctor,6. A. Take a deep breath.B. Take some aspirin.C. See a doctor.D. Drive to the hospital.7. A. The man shouldn't order food in such awful weather.B. The delay of the delivery is caused by the awful weather.C. There is a problem with the policy of food delivery.D. The man should have his delivery fee returned.8. A. Having an outing.C. Preparing for a party.B. Ordering various drinks.D. Choosing suitable drinks.9. A. Thoughtful. B. Terrified.C. Apologetic.D. Annoyed.10. A. He followed his grandmother's steps of cooking.B. He has a great talent for cooking.C. He is a green hand in cooking.D. He improved the dish of his grandmother.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two Passages and one longer conversation.After eachpassage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.2 / 18Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following lecture.11. A. Literature.B. Business.C. Cooking.D. History.12. A. Christopher Columbus.B. People in Mexico.C. Hernando Cortez.D. Daniel Peter.13. A. The development of chocolate.B. The introduction of Cortez.C. The contributions of Columbus.D. The usage of cocoa beans.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. Les Misréables.B. Red.C. My Week with Marilyn.D. The Theory of Everything.15. A. He rose to fame overnight.B. He has been a household name.C. He was recommended by Prince Harry.D. He first appeared in a stage play in 200416. A. His small brown spots on the face.3 / 18B. His graduation from famous schools.C. His remarkable gift for performing on stage.D. His involvement in various styles of performance.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A cheftends to work at entry level jobs.B. A chef works in a non-professional setting.C. A chef has the ability to create the recipe.D. A chef is as professional as a cook.18. A. He received the training in the culinary (烹饪) school.B. He stuck to the traditional recipe without any change.C. He had a natural skill in cooking the cuisine.D. His latest book was on the list of NYT bestseller list.19. A. Make some easy dishes like chopping vegetablesB. Cook with the accurate measurement and no spice.C. Make an efficient and delicate cooking.D. Cook with creativity and passion.20. A. Working as a chef.B. Dos and don'ts about a chef.C. Tips for cooking.D. Recommendation of a bestseller.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A4 / 18Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is Climate Change Consuming Y our Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world's endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warner world but a (21) ______ (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to globalwarming (22) ______ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impactingthe quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt theimpact while (23) ______ may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) ______ one cup of coffee a day, the effects ofclimate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have beenthreatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result?Significant cuts in coffeeyield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the presentcoffee-producing areas (25) ______ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if currentclimate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat andundergoing warming of their own. (26) ______ (cause) a decline in fish population, including inlobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) ______ eggs find it hard tosurvive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marinebacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) ______(take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying "crack" which you get when you are eating crabs andlobsters? It could be silenced (29) ______ shellfish have been struggling to build their calciumcarbonate(碳酸钙) shells which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) ______we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.5 / 18Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3.000workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaderon topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see overthe next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate theworkforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers."Obligated workers" refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Jocl Defries, 33, father of one kid andpartner at London V odka said, "A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternityleave(陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job."Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills ratherthan ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want6 / 18employeebenefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treatpersonal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with hergrandmother's care said, "My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my careerat my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatevermakes me happy at the time,"(选自卫报：https:///business/workplace-wellbeing/flexible-working-and-lifelong-learning /)Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision---you apply to one school, and admission is binding (有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you're done with the whole painful process by December. But most students andparents don't realize that schools have hidden ___43___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students:it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for theircollege and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have tomake one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under ___46___ admissions, seniors have to choose which school to attend until May 1;early decision effectivelysteals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni(校友) and make a more ___47___ decision.For any given student in America, whatever their levels are, there are a number of schoolsthat are a great ___48___.When students become too fixed on a particular school early in theadmissions7 / 18process, that fixation can lead to49 severe disappointment if they don't get inor, if they do, it is likely that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further ___50___, may not actually be right for them.Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge. That advantage goes largely to studentswho already have ___51___ advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be thosewho have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a moreadvantaged background. ___52___, there's an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how(招生诀窍) to ___53___ figure out the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they wouldbe thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably ___54___ under early decision.For students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing theirminds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely ___55___ thefield of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole rangeof thrilling options.(选自时代周刊：/2013/10/29/early-decision-better-for-colleges-than-for-students/)8 / 18Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.9 / 18(A)One recent night while I was leafing through pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked, "A prejudice had something incommon with an ideal" In other words, ideas ideals------ general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others------can often lead us to unreasonable ideas, It got me thinking about howwe often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people bythe color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.I grew up in a multi-racial comer of America. The different groups were often subject tonarrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “po orly educated,”and Asians w ere “go od at math.”These labels were taught to us from a young age. They wo rmed their way into our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination(歧视).Y ou can also see these over-generalized description being made against today's Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worthy among millennial(千禧一代) being described as “monkish,”or “dad-fashion(复古作风)”which has given the “greasy middle-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the conscientiousness of our society. But thesegeneralizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.It's about time that we, as a society, walked away from generalizations and stereotypes. Ileave you with the words of Marin Luther King Jr. from his famous “ Ihave a Dre am” speech: I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their shin, but by the content oftheir character.”By reserving judgment and really getting to mow the individual, you might just find your emotional ideas have no foundation.56. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?A. By describing people's personalities.B. By truly getting to know those around.C. By observing their noticeable features.D. By fallowing Martin Luther King's speech.57. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because ______.10 / 18A. people live in places of various racesB. people are born with unreasonable ideasC. prejudices slightly influence people's beliefsystemD. people usually make judgments without thinking twice58. Examples of “millennial” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal ______.A. generalizations have unfavorable position in societyB. generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged ChineseD generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry59. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. the common prejudiceB. people's expectation of themselvesC. the groundless worriesD. the famous speech of Martin Luther King(B)When you cross deep water driving too fast, you risk splashing water up into the air boxand having it get sucked into the internal engine, which is more common than you think. Thereare a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it:1. First drain the fuel tank, fuel lines and the oil. While it's draining, put a fan on the wiring and dry it out. Remove and clean the carburetor(化油器).2. Take the plugs out of the engine and turn it over to force any water out. Water will come outwith the oil. Add oil to the engine and tum it over again, without the plug in. Let it sit for a while, then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it (it will look like a white milkysubstance if there is water mixed wit h the oil). If it’s there, drain it again and start over unti l there is little or no white showing in the oil.11 / 183. Now re-install the spark plug, add gas, thon try to start the engine. Y ou should have a can ofether (乙醚) handy just in case it's stubborn, but don't use too much. If it starts, let itrun fora few minutes without making it work faster.4. After it runs for several minutes, shut it off, drain the oil and change the filter(过滤网), Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and checks again for milky colored oil. If you havenone, you should be good to go.5.If you cannot start the engine, you may have already ruined it and you will probably need toseek a professional to repair it. or, more likely, you'll have to replace it.60. According to the passage, a driver turns the engine over after oil is added to it so that he can ______.A. drain the oil and change the filter without any difficultyB. re-install the spark plug and get ready to start the car againC. make a milky substance which is the mixture of water and oilD. see whether there is any water in theengine by clocking the oil61. The underlined word "stubborn" in paragraph 4 may probably means ______.B. hard to switch onA. reluctant to changeD. unable to take inC. insufficient to bum62. This passage may be mast helpful to ______.A. a policeman who knows much about car accidentsB. a secretary who has just driven across a small pondC. a driver who is incapable of fixing the car by himselfD. a teacher who is to carry out her routine car maintenance12 / 18(C)One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantlypush into new territory. Without growth and innovation, businesses eventually fade away. Those with staying power, however, have mastered an often-overlooked factor that allows them to focus on the future clearly: empathy(共情). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others-empathy in its purest form -is the force that moves businesses forward.Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditionalworkplace-competitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they needto not just see or hear the activity around them, but also relate to the people they serve.Some may think they want the results from doggedly(顶强地) pursuing their goals without much thought for other people. This attitude works for some, but at some point-often sooner rather than later-everyone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal andprofessional connections. These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicatedinterest in others and their businesses. Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needsthe support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals. True empathy combines understanding both the emotional and the logical rationale(根据) that goes into every decision.Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person's connection to thepeople and marketplace that surround them. A biological principle known as co-evolutionexplains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in co-evolution-type relationships. Business successdepends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, andrelate to their environment. When businesses fail, it is often because leaders have stoppedfocusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations.Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in theirorganizations both internally and externally.To develop an effective workforce, we must be willing to give in and meet people wherethey are. This can be frustrating and uncomfortable, particularly when you feel like your positionmakes more sense or offers a better solution. A critical part of developing empathy, however, is learning to understand, respect and implement another individual's point of view rather than forcing your own.13 / 1863. In the author's opinion, if a company wants to achieve success, it must ______.A. frequently develop in new areasB. always stay pure and powerfulC. concentrate on its future developmentD. value much thought for others64. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. empathy generally depends on logical reasonsB. supports from others help to achieve ambitionsC. competition rarely exists in traditional workplacesD. striving for goals on one's own is the key to success65. Which of the following examples can best illustrate the co-evolution principle?A. The boss is too occupied to realize that his employees income is below the average.B. The head of the news agency offers little bonus to the journalists who work extra hours.C. The principal promises flexible working hours after the school moves to the countryside.D. The factory director insists on increasing the output despite the declining market demand.66. What can be the best title of this passage?A. Empathy and Business SuccessB. The Formation of EmpathyC. Empathy and AggressivenessD. The Importance of EmpathySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.14 / 18We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed.Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only otherprofession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ----- and we still have the numbers... by a lot. ____67____”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”“Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New Y ork who is part of the national group BadassTeachers Association (BA T).____68____ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions aroundissues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising---and not.If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren'tall that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often"stressful; 27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educatorsfeel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeV os.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we're seeing more stories aboutthe importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Y et, self-caredoesn't seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. ____69____We think it's time to change that, though. So in honor ofWorld Mental Health Day, we areworking to change the dialogue about teacher mental health, Below are some of the topchallenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care. along with15 / 18possiblesolutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators. ____70____ And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in thefirst place-be a good teacherIV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online Pharmacy (药店) : A Foreseeable T rendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefitto all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration(FDA) restrictions prevent manyAmericans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, onlinepharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.While some drugs sold online aren't FDA-approved, customers shouldn't be preventedfrom buying them. Many of the herbal remedy(草药) online pharmacies offer have been used forhundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Othermedicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren't harming the people who use them intheir own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years.in France and other European countries, yet it's just now being tested in the U.S.Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time andmoney to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know moreabout available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having toconsult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Muchof it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, andpharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs atlower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn't be blamed forseeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies16 / 18andstores.V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72. 这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思。
2018年度高三英语一模汇编
2018届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解C【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr T anya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’(have a look), became ‘avacaptains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh –it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism”is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB.crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’living conditions are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australians’life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians’relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards life答案;63-66 CCDD【虹口区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brentcrude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPEdid away with its morning open-out cry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders—is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well asacross the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches”in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB.disappointmentsC. engineersD.problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案：63-66: C D B A【浦东新区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr. Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their “volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteriawhich were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of on going research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63.What does “hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A.Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B.Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C.Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D.Somegenes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A.whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB.which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC.what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD.why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65.Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A.Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B.The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C.The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B.What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C.Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D.Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.答案：63-66 DADA【长宁区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficientgrounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties.Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the“Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________A. arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporationsB. warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC. recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD. advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily helpother units.答案：BDCD【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms(生物体) liveon the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity(多样性). Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today.Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name. Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species.Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的)groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics.Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classificationsystem as well as his method of grouping organisms according toobservablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. Allliving things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms. The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallestcellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of namingorganismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s namingsystemD. illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned fromthe passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system forclassifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification isused today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms.65. Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification System答案：63-66 DDAB【闵行区】Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read．(C)One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationand the growing mult-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states.”said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Education in South Africa at theUniversity of Cape T own.In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “Toubon law”in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity”ofa language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France.The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially theneed to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields.Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend.63.Neville Alexander believes that?A.mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB.globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC.globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. Theunderlined word “futile”(in paragraph 2) most probably means ““.A.workableB. practicalelessD. unnecessary65. Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedin the passage?A. Theythink language protection laws are ineffective.B. Theywant their language to spread to other countries.C. Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages.D. Itreduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance.66. Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?A. Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education.B. Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D.Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.答案：DCCB【普陀区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter thanweare. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligenceexplosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about howwe relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them.In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on thesidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will oneday build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us withsimilar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines. We have problems that we desperatelyneed to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that aremore intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that wecan’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfectlabor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’retalking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of mostintellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的)or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seemslikely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedin the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sortof god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63.When an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, .A.it will make itself better andmay go beyond human controlB.it will help people to thefullest, especially in physical workC.it will threaten people byrobbing them of jobsD.it will view itself as humanrace64.The underlined word“divergence”in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “”.A.connectionB. hatredpetitionD. disagreement65.How is the passage mainlydeveloped?A.By making comparisons.B.By showing valid evidence.C.By giving assumptions.D.By analyzing statistics.66.Which of the following is thebest title of the passage?A.For the God’s sake, stop AI andbe yourselves!。
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黄浦区2018学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试
英语试卷参考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1-5 CDCBA 6-10 DCCAC
11-13 CDC 14-16 BDA 17-20 DCCB
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those
26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that
Section B
31. G 32. J 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. E 38. I 39. H 40. F
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D
Section B
56-59 CDBB 60-62 ADD 63-66 CBAD
Section C
67-70 FDAE
IV. Summary Writing
71.
The tourism industry is developing fast/prosperously with different forms, among which sport tourism grows fastest. Sport tourism is defined as travel related to sport/physical activities and consists of/includes three main categories. The first is watching sporting events/games. The second includes visiting famous sports-related attractions/places and meeting well-known/famous sports people/personalities. And the third is active participation. (52words)
V. Translation
72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents).
73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline.
74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries.
/Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship.
75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions.
VI. Guided Writing
Omitted.
高三年级英语第1页共1页。