地质工程专业英语修订版

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地质专业英语

地质专业bismuth glance 辉铋矿bit 钻头bit pressure 钻压bit weight 钻压bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous shale 沥青质页岩bitummen ratio 沥青比值black iron ore 磁铁矿black jack 铁闪锌矿black lead 石墨blast furnace 高炉blasthole 炮眼blasthole drilling 钻炮眼blasting 爆破blasting cap 雷管bleached zone 淋溶带blind fault 隐伏断层blind ore body 盲矿体blind shaft 盲井blind valley 盲谷blind zone 盲区block 滑车block and tackle 滑轮组block caving 分块崩开采法block mountain 断块山block movement 地块运动block structure 块状结构block upwarping 地块隆起blowaut 井喷blowing 井喷bog 沼地bog formation 沼泽化bog iron ore 沼铁矿bog peat 低位泥炭boghead 藻煤boghead coal 藻煤boiling line 钢丝绳bolson 干燥盆地bomb 火山弹bonanza 富矿体bore hole 钻孔bore pit 探井borer 钻工boring 钻进boring bar 钻杆boring bit 钻头boring head 钻头boring machine 钻机boring method 钻井方法boring pump 钻眼用泵boring rod 钻杆boring rod set 钻杆装置boring rope 钻机用的钢丝绳boring stick 土钻boring tube 钻管boring with line 钢绳冲唤钻进boudinage 香肠构造bouguer anomaly 布格异常bouguer gravity anomaly 布格重力异常boundary 边界boundary conditions 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线bourne 间歇河box fold 箱状褶皱brachy fold 短褶皱brachyanticline 短背斜brachysyncline 短向斜branch 枝branch line 支线branch vein 支脉bright coal 光亮型煤broad leaved forest 阔叶林broad leaved tree 阔叶树brown algae 褐藻类brown coal 褐煤brown mud 褐泥bryophyta 苔藓植物bryophytes 苔藓植物bryozoa 苔藓动物类bulk flotation 全浮选bulk sampling 大块取样burgy 煤粉burial metamorphism 埋藏变质buried karst 埋藏型岩溶butte 孤山cable belt 缆摔带运输机caking ability 粘结度caking coal 粘结煤caking index 粘结指数caking property 粘结性calc alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calcite 方解石caledonian folding 加里东褶皱caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动carat 克拉carbargillite 碳质页岩carboapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon 碳carbon compound 碳化合物carbonate 碳酸盐carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate sediments 碳酸盐质沉积carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonic period 石炭纪carboniferous 石炭纪的carboniferous period 石炭纪cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的catastrophic theory 灾变论catastrophism 灾变论category 类category of reserves 储量级别cavern 岩洞cavern water 溶洞水cavernous 洞穴状的caving 塌落caving line 崩落线cavity filling deposit 洞穴填充矿床cement bond logging 固井测井cement grout 水泥浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement seal 水泥封闭cement slurry 水泥浆cement substance 粘合质cement water factor 水灰比cement water ratio 水灰比cementation 胶结cementation borehole 水泥灌浆钻孔cementation zone 胶结带cementing 水泥灌浆cementum 水泥质cenozoic 新生代cenozoic era 新生代central plain 湖心平原central type volcano 中心式火山chain silicates 链硅酸盐chalk 上白垩纪;白垩chamber of ore 矿袋chambered vein 囊状矿脉champion vein 巨矿脉change in type of geosyncline 地槽类型转化channel precipitation 河道沉淀chert 燧石chronolithologic unit 年代地层单位chronologic scale 地质年代表chronology 年代学circum pacific 环太平洋的circum pacific calc alkaline petrographic province 环太平洋钙碱性岩石区civil engineering 土木工程clarain 亮煤clarite 亮煤clarke number 克拉克值clarodurite 微亮暗煤clasolite 碎屑岩cleat 割理clino unconformity 斜交不整合clinometer 地质罗盘closed fault 闭合断层closed fold 闭合褶皱closed joint 闭式节理cluster 群;串coal 煤coal accumulating basin 聚煤盆地coal accumulating palaeostructure 聚煤古构造coal analysis 煤分析coal ash fusion temperature 煤灰熔点coal ball 煤层石球coal basin 煤盆地coal bearing formation 含煤地层coal bearing property 含煤性coal bearing ratio 含煤系数coal carbonization 煤之碳化coal deposits 煤矿床coal diagenesis 煤成岩酌coal district 煤产地coal dressing 选煤coal field 煤田coal field gas 煤田气coal for gasification 气化用煤coal forming period 聚煤期coal forming process 成煤酌coal gas 煤气coal geology 煤炭地质学coal measures 煤系coal metamorphism 煤变质酌coal mine 煤矿coal miner 煤矿工coal mining 采煤coal oil mixture 煤焦油混合物coal petrology 煤岩学coal preserving structure 赋煤构造coal property 煤质coal reserves 煤储量coal seam 煤层coalescing alluvial fan 复合冲积扇coalification 煤化酌coalification jump 煤化酌跃变coalman 煤矿工coaly 含煤的coarse grained texture 粗粒结构coarse sand 粗砂coarsness 粗粒度coastal plain 海滨平原coastal sand dune 海岸沙丘coastal terrace 海岸阶地coastal vegetation 海滨植被coastline 海岸线coating 覆盖层code minier 矿山法则code of stratigraphic nomenclature 地层命名法规coeffcient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of discharge 量系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of relaxation 松弛系数coefficient of restitution 抗冲系数coefficient of safety 安全系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of variation 变化系数coefficient of variation of grade 品位变化系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coeruleite 铜矿coke 焦炭coke button 焦渣coking 焦化coking capacity 结焦性coking coal 炼焦煤coking property 结焦性coking quality 结焦性collapse 崩落collapse basin 塌陷盆地collapse caldera 塌陷破火山口collapse doline 塌陷漏斗collapse lake 塌陷湖colony 群体columnar ore shoot 矿柱columnar section 地层柱状剖面图columnar structure 柱状构造compaction 压缩compaction fold 致密褶皱compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensation water 补偿水compensator 补偿器complex fault 复断层complex fold 复褶皱complex rock 复合岩concentrating mill 选矿厂concentration 浓度concentration gradient 浓度梯度concession 开采权condition of similarity 相似条件conditional equilibrium 条件平衡conditional instability 条件性不稳定性conduit 火山口conformable 整合的conformable contact 整合接触conjugate faults 共轭断层conjugate point 共轭点conjugate shear planes 共轭剪切面conjugate stress 共轭应力conjugated joint 共轭节理contact metamorphic deposit 接触变质矿床contact metamorphic zone 接触变质带contact metamorphism 接触变质contact metasomatism 接触交代contact mineral 接触矿物contact plane 接触面contemporaneous 同时的contemporaneous deformation structure 同生变形构造contemporaneous erosion 同时侵蚀contemporaneous fault 同生断层contemporaneous heterotopic facies 同时异相content 品位content of gas 瓦斯含量continental facies 陆相continental flysch formation 陆相复理式建造continental river 大陆河continental sea 内陆海continental sediment 陆相沉积continental shelf 陆棚continental slope 大陆坡coral 珊瑚core 岩心core analysis 岩心分析core bit 岩心钻头core boring method 取心钻探法core breaker 岩心提取器core drill 岩心钻core drilling 岩心钻进core extractor 岩心提取器core grabber 岩心爪correlation of coal seams 煤层对比correlation of strata 地层对比correlation table 对比表craton 稳定地块cratonization 克拉通化酌cretaceous period 白垩纪crozzling coal 炼焦煤crude oil 原油crust of weathering 风化壳crustal fault 地壳断裂cryptodome 潜圆丘cryptovolcanic structure 潜火山构造cryptozoic eons 隐生宙crystal 晶体cuticle 角质层cuticular 表皮的debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deformation 应变deformation band 变形带degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degree of hardness 硬度delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸dendrochronology 年轮年代学deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖development machine 掘进机development well 确定油田边界的井devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造dormant volcano 休火山drill hole 钻孔drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆driller's log 钻井记录drilling bit 钻头drilling derrick 钻塔drilling exploration 钻探drilling rig 钻机drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dry analysis 干法分析dry gas 干瓦斯durain 暗煤dyas 二迭系dyke 岩脉dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学galery 巷道gangue 脉石gangue rock 脉石岩gap 峡谷;间隙;海谷gap in the succession of strata 地层间断gas coal 气煤gas flame coal 长焰煤gasify 煤气化enetic type of ore deposit 矿床成因类型genetic types of coal 煤成因类型geoanticline 地背斜geoarchaeology 地质考古学geoastronomy 宇宙地质学geobarometer 地质压力计geobasin 地盆geochemical 地球化学的geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学均衡geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical behaviour of elements 元素的地球化学性状geochronology 地质年代学geochronometry 地质年代测定法geodynamics 地质力学geogeny 地球成因学geographical latitude 地理纬度geographical longitude 地理经度geologic setting 地质构造geologic time 地质年代geological age 地质时代geological background 地质背景geological compass 地质罗盘geological conditions 地质条件geological record 地质编录geological reserves 地质储量geological section 地质剖面geological survey 地质勘查geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 大地构造学gneiss 片麻岩gneissic 片麻状的grade of coal 煤级grance coal 光亮型煤granite 花岗岩grit 粗砂岩grout 水泥浆guyot 平顶海山hand drilling 人工打钻heading machine 掘进机high moor 高位沼泽high volatile bituminous coal a 气煤high volatile bituminous coal b 长焰煤high volatile bituminous coal c 焰煤hillside creep 滑坡hoist 升起hoisting cable 提升铜丝绳hoisting crane 升降起重机hole boring 井孔钻进hole deviation 钻眼偏斜hole drilling 井孔钻进hole mouth 井口hole size 钻孔直径holespacing 炮眼间距holocene 全新世horizontal angle 水平角horizontal fault 水平断层horizontal slip 水平滑动horizontal stratum 水平岩层horst 地垒horst block mountain 地垒式断块山humate 腐殖酸盐humic acid 胡敏酸humic coal 腐殖煤humification 腐殖化humin 胡敏素huminite 腐殖煤humosapropelic coal 腐殖腐泥煤humus 腐殖质hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hypabyssal 半深成的hypautochthonous coal 微异地生成煤hypsographic map 等高线地形图ice age 冰期ice barrier 冰障ice cap 冰帽idiochromatic 自色的igneous 火成的igneous rock 火成岩imbricate 叠瓦状imbricated fault 叠瓦状断层imbricated structure 叠瓦构造imbricated texture 叠瓦状结构immediate roof 直接顶immerse 浸入impact 冲击碰撞impact crusher 冲撞破碎机impermeability 不渗透性impermeable seam 不透水层impervious bed 不透水层impervious horizon 不透水层impregnate 浸染impregnated structure 浸染状构造impregnation 浸透impregnation deposit 浸染矿床impsonite 焦性沥青incipient peneplain 初期准平原incipient peneplane 初期准平原inclination 倾角inclined bed 倾斜层inclined boring 倾斜钻进inclined drilling 倾斜钻进inclined fold 歪斜褶皱inclined plane 倾斜面inclined seam 斜矿层inclined shaft 斜井inclined slice 倾斜分层incompetent bed 弱岩层induced fan 抽风机induced infiltration 诱导渗透industrial classification of coal 煤工业分类industrial grade 工业品位inferred reserves 推算储量infrastructure 下层构造infusorial earth 硅藻土ingression 海侵inherent ash 固有灰分initial dip 原始倾斜initial form 原始地形inland 内地inland basin 内陆盆地inland lake 内陆湖inland sea 内海inlet 峡湾interbedded 夹层的interbedded stratum 夹层interbedding 互层intercalary strata 夹层intercontinental sea 陆间海intercratonic basin 克拉通内盆地interglacial 间冰期的interglacial epoch 间冰期interior basin 内陆盆地interlayer 夹层intermediate hinterland 中间地块intermediate massif 中间地块intermediate rock 中性岩intermount basin 山间盆地interpolation 内插法interregional unconformity 区域不整合intrusion 侵入intrusive rock 侵入岩inverted fold 倒转褶皱inverted order 倒转层位isobath 等深线isohypse 等高线isopach 等厚线isopach map 等厚图isotopic age determination 用同位素的时代测定isotopic analysis 同位素分析isotopic dating 用同位素的时代测定jack hammer 凿岩锤jet 煤精joint 节理;关节joint set 节理组joint surface 节理面jura 侏罗纪jurassic period 侏罗纪kaolin 高岭土kaolinite 高岭石karst 岩溶karst denudation plane 岩溶剥蚀面karst landform 岩溶地貌karst landscape 岩溶景观karstenite 硬石膏katamorphism 碎裂变质katazone 深变质带kink 弯曲kink fold 折带褶曲lacuna 地层缺失lacustrine deposits 湖沉积lacustrine formation 湖积建造lacustrine terrace 湖成阶地lagoon 泻湖lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediments 泻湖沉积land facies 陆相land subsidence 地盘沉陷latitude 纬度lava 熔岩lava bed 熔岩层lava cascade 熔岩瀑布lava column 熔岩柱lava cone 熔岩锥lava crater 熔岩火口lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flood 熔岩泛lava flow 熔岩流lava sheet 熔岩席layer of shale 夹层layered gneiss 层状片麻岩llead lead method 铅法年龄测定lead zinc ore 铅锌矿leaf by leaf injection 层层侵入legend 图例lens 扁豆状矿体lensoid ore body 透镜状矿体leucocrate 淡色岩leucocratic rock 淡色岩levee 天然堤level 水准level surface 水准面lignification 褐煤化lignified 褐煤化的lignite 褐煤limb 翼limb of fold 褶皱翼limestone 石灰岩limestone cave 灰岩洞linear fold 线状褶皱linked vein 链状矿脉liptobiolith 残植煤lit by lit injection 层层贯入lit par lit intrusion 间层侵入lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithogenesis 岩石成因lithosphere 岩石圈lithospheric fault 岩圈断裂lithotype 煤岩类型littoral terrace 海滨阶地local unconformity 局部不整合log 钻孔柱状图;测井记录log interpretation 测井记录解释logging 测井long flame coal 长焰煤low volatile bituminous coal 低挥发分烟煤low volatile coal 低挥发分煤lump coal 块煤maceral 煤显微组分macrosporangium 大孢子囊macrospore 大孢子macrosporophyll 大孢子叶macrostratigraphy 宏观地层学macrostructure 宏观结构magma 岩浆magmatic rock 岩浆岩magnetic north 磁北magnetite 磁铁矿malachite 孔雀石malacolite 白透辉石mantle 地幔map interlinking 接图marginal sea 边缘海marginal trough 边缘地槽marine deposit 海洋沉积marine erosion 海蚀marl 泥灰岩marlaceous face 泥灰岩相marsh 沼泽marsh peat 湿地泥炭massif 地块massive 块状的massive coal 块煤mature 成孰的mature stage 壮年期mature valley 壮年谷maturity 壮年期maximum basin relief 最大盆地起伏meadow 草地meagre coal 贫煤measuring reel 卷尺measuring stick 量尺measuring tape 卷尺measuring tube 量筒mechanical weathering 机械风化medium grained sand 中粒沙medium grained texture 中粒结构medium sand 中砂medium thickness seam 中厚层medium volatile bituminous coal 中度挥发烟煤megabreccia 巨形角砾岩meridian 子午线meridional circulation 经向环流meridional structural system 经向构造体系mesocrate 中色岩mesocratic 中色的mesodialyte 中性石mesogeosyncline 陆间地槽meta ripples 不对称波痕metallogenic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic factors 成矿因素metallogenic map 成矿图metallogenic province 成矿区metallogeny 矿床成因论metamorphic 变质的metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic diffusion 变质扩散酌metamorphic event 变质事件metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度metamorphic map 变质图metamorphic reaction 变质反应metamorphic rock 变质岩metasomatism 交代metasomatosis 交代变质metasome 交代矿物mica 云母microspore 小孢子microtectonics 显微构造mid oceanic ridge 洋中脊mid oceanic ridge basalt 中央海脊玄武岩mill 选矿厂mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral assemblage 矿物集合mineral association 矿物组合mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineralized zone 矿化带minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining losses 开采损失mining right 采矿权miocene 中新世moisture content 水分含量moisture content of coal 煤水分monoclinal 单钭的monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱monoclinal mountain 单面山morass 沼泽moss bog 藓类沼泽mountain range 山脉mountain ridge 山脊mountain system 山系muscovite 白云母muscovite schist 白云母片岩nappe 推复体natrium 钠natural asphalt 天然沥青natural coke 天然焦炭neo ice age 新冰期neogene 新近纪neutral humus 中性腐殖质nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nonbedded 非成层的noncoking coal 非粘结性煤nonconformity 不整合normal fault 正断层normal fold 正褶皱normal order 正常层序normal succession 正常层序north latitude 北纬north pole 北极obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲oligocene 渐新世onlap 海侵超覆open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore formation 矿石建造ore pillar 矿柱ore reserve 矿储藏量orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenic cycle 造山旋回overfold 倒转褶皱overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxygen content of coal 煤中氧paired metamorphic belt 双变质带paleogene 古近纪paleogeographical map 古地理图paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotypal 古相的paleozoic era 古生代paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parent rock 母岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩peneplain 准平原percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩period 纪periostracum 角质层permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪petrofacies 岩相petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pistacite 绿帘石placer deposit 砂积矿床plain 平原plain of accumulation 堆积平原plain of denudation 剥蚀平原plain of marine erosion 海蚀平原plant ash 植物灰plate 板plate collision 板块碰撞plate kinematics 板块运动学plate margin 板块边缘plate movement 板块运动plate tectonics 板块构造plateau 高原plateau basalt 高原玄武岩platform 台地platform anteclise 台背斜pluvial age 洪积时期polder 堤围泽地possible ore 可能矿量possible reserves 可能储量post glacial age 冰期后的时期post glacial period 冰后期precambrian 前寒武纪primary peneplain 始准平原primary sedimentary structure 原始沉积构造primeval forest 原始森林primitive 原始的probable reserves 可能储量process of crustal movement 地壳运动过程prognostic map 预测图proluvial fan 洪积扇prospect hole 勘探钻孔prospect opening 勘探巷道prospect pit 探井prospect shaft 勘探立井prospect tunnel 勘探平硐prospecting 勘探prospecting bore 勘探钻孔prospecting by drilling 钻进勘探prospecting pit 勘探试坑prospecting well 探井proved ore 证实的矿量proved reserves a级储量proximate analysis of coal 煤工业分析psammite 砂质岩psammitic 砂屑的psammitic rock 砂质岩psephitic 砾状的psephitic rock 砾质岩pulverized coal 粉煤pyrite 黄铁矿quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz crystal 水晶rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度raw coal 原煤recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recrement 矸石reef 礁regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regressive sequence 海退层序rejects 尾矿relative age 相对时代retrogradation 海蚀后退reverse fault 逆断层rhythm 韵律ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角rill 小溪rock facies 岩相rock formation 岩系rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机row 煤层run 走向run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿rutile 金红石sac shaped 囊状的safe yield 可靠产量sag 凹陷salt dome 盐丘salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 咸沼;盐沼saprolite 腐泥土sapropel 腐殖泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic groundmass 腐泥基质sapropelite 腐泥岩sapropelites 腐泥岩sapropelitic group 腐泥化组saprophages 腐生物saprophytes 腐生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥scaffold 脚手架schist 片岩schistosity 片理sea level 海平面sea level fluctuation 海面升降sea water intrusion 海水浸入seam floor 底盘seam roof 顶盖岩seam thickness 层厚secondary recovery 二次开采sediment 沉积sedimentary cover 沉积盖层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary formation 沉积建造sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary model of coal 煤沉积模式sedimentary nappe 沉积推复体sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentary structure 沉积构造sedimentary system 沉积体系sedimentation basin 沉积盆地sedimentation rate 沉淀速度semianthracite 半无烟煤semibituminous coal 半沥青煤semibright coal 半亮煤semidull coal 半暗煤serpentine 蛇纹石serpentite 蛇纹石shield 地盾shiver 页岩siderite 菱铁矿silt 粉砂silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silurian 志留纪slate 板岩slide 滑动slide fault 滑动断裂slime 淤泥sphenoid 楔状sphenolith 岩楔spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy spicule 海绵骨针spongy structure 海绵构造spontaneous combustion of coal 煤自燃发火spore 孢子spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coal 孢子煤spore coat 孢壁sporinite 孢子体sporinitic liptobiolith 孢子残殖煤stable humus 稳定腐植质steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 高倾斜steepness 陡度strand deposits 沿滨沉积strata 地层stratiform 层状的stratiform ore deposit 层状矿床stratigraphic overlap 地层超复stream bed 河床stream channel 河道sstrike 走向strike fault 走向断层strike joint 走向节理strike line 走向线sublittoral zone 潮下带submarine coal field 海底煤田sulfur content of coal 煤中硫量sulfur metasomatism 硫交代table mount 平顶海山table mountain 平顶山table reef 平顶礁tail 尾tail assay 尾料分析tail fin 尾tailings 尾渣tailings grade 尾矿品位talc 滑石talus 山麓talus breccia 倒石锥角砾岩tar sand 沥青沙taxite 斑杂岩technologic properties of coal 煤工艺性tectogene 深坳槽tectonic 构造的tectonic axis 构造轴tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic facies 构造相tectonic level 构造层位tectonic map 大地构造图temperate climate 温带气候temperate lake 温带湖temperate zone 温带tendency 倾向tensile force 张力tensile strength 抗张强度tensile stress 张应力tension 张力tension deep fracture 张性深断裂tension fracture 张破裂tension joint 张节理terrestrial facies 陆相terrestrial sediments 陆地沉积层terrigenous deposit 陆源沉积test boring 勘探钻井test hole 探井test piece 试验片test pit 探井test well 探井theodolite 经纬仪theory of isostasy 地壳均衡说theory of pediplanation 山麓剥蚀平原学说theory of polycycle 多旋回说thermal capacity 热容量thin bed 薄层thin out of coal seam 煤层尖灭three dimensional seismic method 三维地震勘探法thrust 逆冲断层thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆逆断层面tidal current 潮流tidal delta 潮汐三角洲tidal efficiency 潮汐率tidal terrace 后滨阶地tidal zone 潮汐带tide 潮汐tilt 倾斜tilted aquifer 倾斜含水层tilted block 倾斜地块tilted stratum 倾斜层top slicing system 下向分层采矿法topographic map 地形图topography 地形学topset bed 顶积层transgression 海进transgressive injection 不整合侵入transgressive overlap 海侵超覆transgressive unconformity 海侵不整合triassic 三叠期triassic period 三迭纪tropical climate 热带气候tropical lake 热带湖tropical zone 热带true dip 真倾角true thickness 真厚度turf 泥炭turfary 泥炭沼泽ultimate analysis of coal 煤炭元素分析ultimate plain 终平原ultrabasic rock 超基性岩ultrabasite 超基性岩unconformable 不整合的unconformity 不整合underground gasification of coal 煤炭地下气化underground water 地下水underhand stoping 下向梯段回采underlying bed 下伏层underlying seam 下层unsymmetric fold 不对称褶皱upland 高地upland moor 高位沼泽uplifted plain 上升平原upper confining bed 上覆隔水层upper roof 老顶upstream water 上层带水vadose zone 通气层valley 谷valley bog 河谷沼泽valley fill 河谷填积valley glacier 谷冰川valuation 评价vegetable mould 沼泽泥vegetable remains 植物残余vegetation zone 植被带vein 矿脉vein deposit 脉矿床venner rock 表层vent 火山口vibrator 振动器振子vibratory drilling 振动钻进vibratory percussive drilling 振动冲魂井vibratory rotary drilling 振动旋转钻井vitrain 光亮型煤vitrinite 镜质组vitrite 微镜煤volatile 挥发性的volatile components 挥发组分volatile content 挥发组分含量volcanic 火山的volcanic arc 火山岛弧volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic ash soil 火山灰土volcanic association 火山岩组合wall 墙壁wall rock alteration 围岩蚀变water separator 脱水器water solubility 水溶性water stage 水位water table 地下水面weakly caking coal 弱粘煤weathering crust 风化壳weathering residues 风化残留物wedging out 尖灭wedging out of coal seam 煤层尖灭weighted average 加权平均值well boring 钻井well diameter 钻孔直径well drilling 钻井winning assembly 采掘设备winning drum 卷筒提升机wire line 钢丝绳workability of rock 岩石可采性workable deposit 可开采矿床workable thickness 可采厚度working 开采xylem 木质部xyloid coal 木煤xylovitrain 木质镜煤young stage 幼年期young valley 幼年谷zone of contact 接触变质带zone of faulting 断裂带zone of fracture 破裂带zone of leaching 淋滤带。

地质工程-专业英语

Unit 1 Basic GeologyLesson1 GeologyPhysical GeologyMineralogy 矿物学petrology岩石学geomorphology 地磁学geophysics 地球物理学geochemistry 地球化学sedimentology 沉积学structural geology构造地质学economic geology经济地质学Historical GeologyPaleontology 古生物学stratigraphy 地层学paleogeography古地理学Precambrian前寒武纪Paleozoic古生代Mesozoic中生代Cenozoic新生代Lesson6 Geologic Time ScaleLate Late Permian 晚二叠世晚期proterozoic元古代后缀gene为纪，后缀cene为世，后缀zoic为代。

Paleogene古近纪mass extinctions大灭绝Cretaceous白垩纪nonmarine陆相Eons宙eras代periods纪epochs世ages期Extent地理分布Paleozoic：Permian二叠Carboniferous石炭Devonian泥盆Silurian志留超群super—group 群group 组formation 段member 亚段sub-member岩石lithology chronology年代Lesson 8 RocksAggregation集合Rock is aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of minerals forming the Earth's crust.Perology 岩石igneous火成的sedimentary沉积的metamorphic变质的Igneous Rocks火成岩Solidification岩石固结成岩作用volcanic neck火山颈pyroclastics火山灰stock岩株Extrusive rocks 喷出岩intrusive rocks 侵入岩dacite英安岩basalt 玄武岩andesite安山岩texture结构grains颗粒Metamorphic RocksMarble大理岩quartzite石英massive块状subject to承受于foliation片理slaty cleavage板状解理schist片岩mica云母hornblende schist角闪石gneiss石英Regional metamorphic rocks区域变质岩shearing stress剪切力hydrostatic stress静水压力Contact metamorphic rocks 接触变质岩ingeous intrusion火山侵入体Cataclastic or dynamic metamorphic动力变质岩Burial metamorphic rocks 埋藏变质岩brutal history 埋藏史Lesson 14 Classification of Sedimentary RocksHydrocarbon=petroleum=oil+gasDerived from生于，来源于Grains颗粒dissolved into溶解成weathering风化作用erosion溶蚀作用(wind，waves，rivers ）compaction压实作用recrystallization重结晶cementation胶结作用Ultimately 最后的Detrital碎屑的biogenic生物的chemical化学的devise to设计pigeonhole分类exclusively独有的organism 生物iron formation铁沉积层artificial人工的salient 主要的detrial sedimentary 碎屑岩clasts碎屑discrete不连续terrigenous陆源碎屑erode 剥蚀debris碎屑weathering site搬运区gravel砾sand砂mud泥depositional basin沉积盆地intrabasinal盆内rework再改造contemporaneous同期ooide鲕粒shale板岩siltstone粉砂岩laminae页理ciliciclastic 硅质碎屑lithification岩石化cementation胶结subcategory次级分类conglomerates砾岩distinguish lecture杰出讲师some大约sandstone砂岩turbudite浊积岩framework grains 颗粒骨架debris flow碎屑流pore space孔隙matrix杂基matrix porosity 基质clast碎屑precipitate沉淀deposit沉积saturation饱和度metabolism新陈代谢precipitate骨骼carbonate盐oil shale油母页岩kerogen干酪根extramarital婚外的intracratonic内克拉通盆地extra basinal盆外的methane甲烷paraffins石蜡intraclasts 内碎屑shield地盾(无覆盖层）platform地台carbonate rock台地碳酸盐limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩calcite方解石restricted platform局限台地toilet tissue手纸facial tissue面巾nonorganic无机dissolution溶解dissolve溶解saturation饱和halite食盐evaporate 蒸发岩anhydrite硬石膏gypsum石膏brines盐水evaporate蒸发iron formations 铁沉积层Phanerozoic显生宙ironstones铁沉积岩salnity含盐度nevertheless不过clastic（fragmental）sediments沉积物pyroclastic火山碎屑的volcaniclastic火山碎屑terrigenous陆源source rock原岩glass shards玻屑meteoritic陨石extraterrestrial星体的velocity 速度cataclastic碎裂的coarse—grained粗粒angular 棱角状restricted extent分布局限landslides滑脱caverns溶洞（大的) cavity溶孔pore孔隙conglomerate砾岩breccias角砾岩fracture zones裂缝带crumple起皱fragment破碎texture结构fine grained细粒coarse粗的medium中等粒径thirckly—bedded ss 厚层砂岩massive块状mudstone泥岩fluvial=river braided辨状河lake湖permeability渗透率sorting分选poorly-sorted分选差well-sorted分选好thin section薄片seismic section地震剖面rounding磨圆porosity孔隙度micro—macro- stratification层理flat surface平的bedding plane 层面Aeolian dune风成沙丘glacial冰川gravels砾pebbles（4～8cm）砾stratified分层的coral珊瑚limestone灰岩clastic碎屑diagenesis成岩作用alluvial冲积扇turbidite浊积岩delta三角洲abyssal fan 深海barrier inland障壁岛lagoon泻湖levy 天然堤flood plain泛滥平原splay决口扇dessert甜点splay斜面rifting破裂Lesson 17 Sedimentary Environments and FaciesSubtle（trap）隐蔽圈闭adjacent相邻的submarine海底的parameters参数variation 变化subtle微小的subaqueous水下的catchment area集水区terrestrial陆相的fauna 动物flora植物overgraze过度defoliation落叶deforestation采伐森林overcultivation 过度耕种catastrophic灾难性的erosion剥蚀moderating缓解skeleton骨架Lowliest低级aquilibrium平衡consensus共识Glacial冰的tilate 冰碛物fluvial河流的lacustrine湖泊的paludal沼泽Delta三角洲estuary 河口lagoon泻湖tidal潮泙barrier bar障壁坝Neritic浅海bathyal半深海abyssal深海realms域Basin and range coupling盆山耦合Cliffed coastlines 悬崖海岸线submarine canyons海底峡谷current-scoured shelves水冲浊蚀大陆架subaqueous水下沉积物sedimentary cover沉积盖层nondeposition沉积间断peneplanes 准平原weathering profiles风化剖面Attribute属性，归属于frequency频率seismic impendence波阻抗lateral侧向stratigraphic unit地层单元metamorphic rocks变质岩Delta plain，delta front，prodeltaDistributary channel分支河道mouth bar河口坝sub—tidal潮下inter-tidal潮间supra —tidal潮上sub—salt盐下supra-salt盐上paleontologic古生物的paleontology古生物学reef facies生物礁相tidal flat facies潮坪相petrology岩石学shoreface facies滨岸相tidalite潮积相criteria标准feminist女权主义者assistant助理point—bar facies点沙坝insulting侮辱spectrum范围，光谱geometry几何foreshore滨前相backshore 滨后相demonstration演示arkosic sandstone长石质砂岩setting背景lithiarenite岩屑砂岩braid bar辨状河心滩dolomitization白云岩化outcrop露头subsurface:core岩心side core井壁取心drilling cutting钻井岩屑Lesson 23 FoldsUndulated bends波状弯曲laminated strata成层状岩石stratigraphy地层学defame诽谤plastic deformation塑性变形the surface of unconformity角度不整合disconformity平行不整合basement基底vertical垂直的the continental Earth's crust大陆地壳Massive composition大块岩体tension应力状态endogenic processes 内营力作用the dislocation rocks岩石的变形alternation互层morphology形态morphological形态学the genetic classification成因分类supplementary互补的properties特征the morphological classification形态学分类the position of axial surface轴面产状Symmetrical folds对称褶皱asymmetrical folds不对称褶皱inclined folds倾斜褶皱overturned folds倒转褶皱inverted folds翻转褶皱recumbent folds平卧褶皱fan扇形blunt钝的normal fold正常褶皱isoclinal folds等斜褶皱fan—shaped folds 扇形褶皱sharp folds尖棱褶皱blunt folds钝状褶皱coffer（box)folds箱状褶皱thickness厚的Limestone石灰岩rockunit页岩sandstone砂岩supra tidal潮汐sub在下面的subsurface地下Similar folds相似形褶皱concentric folds同心状褶皱anticlinal folds背斜形褶皱synclinal folds向斜形褶皱linear folds线状褶皱brachy-formed fold短轴褶皱dome—shaped fold 穹窿状褶皱folds of the oval shape椭圆形褶皱the cross dimensions纵横维度bowl—like folds似碗状褶皱elevated提起through沟，槽hinges枢纽the axial line轴线go round 转动periclinal closure穹窿状闭合the core of the folds褶皱核部Lesson 24 FaultsFracture裂缝offset错位joint解理plate margins板块边缘dissipated释放geometry 几何学geometrical几何的exploitation剥削crucial关键的Reserve资源earthquake hazards地震灾害ruptures断裂，破裂fissures裂缝distinct 清晰adjoining邻近的dip-slip faults 倾滑断层strike-slip faults走滑断层hanging wall 上盘footwall下盘up-thrown block上升盘down-thrown block下降盘conjugate共轭Elaborate讨论morphological形态学genetic成因学grabens地垒shear zone剪切带brittle fault脆性断层vertical垂向的normal faults正断层reverse faults逆断层shear faults剪切断层gaping faults张开断层overthrusts逆冲断层napples推覆体Map（从平面上来看）cross-section剖面right右left左subsurface 地下transtensional 扭张的faulting断层活动transcompressional扭压Lesson 41 Sedimentary basinsPassive margin basin intracratonic foreland pull—apart basin走滑盆地deposition沉积tectono-stratigraphy构造层序stratigraphic package层系sequence层序succession层系Basin analysis integrated basin studies盆地综合研究basin fill盆地充填subsidence沉积Oil：generation生expulsion排migration运accumulation聚集（油气藏油气田）pre —rift裂前盆地syn—rift post-rift sagging rift basin裂谷盆地foreland basin前陆盆地back—arc basin弧后盆地fore-arc superimposed basin 叠合盆地anastomosed网状underlie 在…下面overlie 在…上面compressional 压性盆地polyhistory basin多历史的盆地hydrocarbons油气intervening盆地之间igneous岩浆岩metamorphic变质岩cornerstone基石traps圈闭acreage区块acre鹦鹉footage钻井进尺Drillable可钻prospect远景fairways区带with reference to参照genesis成因evolution演化chapter章section章节syncline向斜pene准peneplain准平原mountain chain山链dedolomitization去白云岩化dolomite白云岩。

工程地质专业英语

1 1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering2 1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method3 1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering4 1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics5 1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics6 1. 综合类土"soil, earth"7 1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics8 1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics9 1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering10 1. 综合类应力路径stress path11 1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method12 2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock13 2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration14 2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit15 2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit16 2. 工程地质及勘察残积土"eluvial soil, residual soil"17 2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding18 2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar19 2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock20 2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water21 2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral22 2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age23 2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map24 2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater25 2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault26 2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure27 2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration28 2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit29 2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit30 2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite31 2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide32 2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil33 2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock34 2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace35 2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint36 2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage37 2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst38 2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals39 2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate40 2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide41 2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation42 2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流"mud flow, debris flow"43 2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals44 2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff45 2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake46 2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock47 2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water48 2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock49 2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome50 2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone51 2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴"spit, sand spit"52 2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure53 2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock54 2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone55 2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz56 2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle57 2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water58 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon59 2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst60 2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock61 2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩"magmatic rock, igneous rock"62 2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉"dike, dgke"63 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering64 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock65 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock66 2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass67 2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale68 2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral69 2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica70 2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral71 2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱"fold, folding"72 2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section73 3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil74 3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil75 3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill76 3. 土的分类充重塑土77 3. 土的分类冻土"frozen soil, tjaele"78 3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil79 3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil80 3. 土的分类粉土"silt, mo"81 3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay82 3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite83 3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil84 3. 土的分类红粘土"red clay, adamic earth"85 3. 土的分类黄土"loess, huangtu(China)"86 3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite87 3. 土的分类泥炭"peat, bog muck"88 3. 土的分类年粘土clay89 3. 土的分类年粘性土"cohesive soil, clayey soil"90 3. 土的分类膨胀土"expansive soil, swelling soil"91 3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil92 3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil93 3. 土的分类人工填土"fill, artificial soil"94 3. 土的分类软粘土"soft clay, mildclay, mickle"95 3. 土的分类砂土sand96 3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土"collapsible loess, slumping loess"97 3. 土的分类素填土plain fill98 3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart99 3. 土的分类碎石土"stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus"100 3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay101 3. 土的分类无粘性土"cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil"102 3. 土的分类岩石rock103 3. 土的分类伊利土illite104 3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil105 3. 土的分类淤泥"muck, gyttja, mire, slush"106 3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil107 3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil108 3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill109 3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil110 3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil111 3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess112 4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits113 4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation114 4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density115 4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight116 4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity117 4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency118 4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数"coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient"119 4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy120 4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure121 4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure122 4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight123 4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density124 4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index125 4. 土的物理性质含水量"water content, moisture content"126 4. 土的物理性质活性指数127 4. 土的物理性质级配"gradation, grading "128 4. 土的物理性质结合水"bound water, combined water, held water"129 4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits130 4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配"particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil"131 4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity132 4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio133 4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity134 4. 土的物理性质粒度"granularity, grainness, grainage"135 4. 土的物理性质粒组"fraction, size fraction"136 4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water137 4. 土的物理性质密度density138 4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness139 4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil140 4. 土的物理性质平均粒径"mean diameter, average grain diameter"141 4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature142 4. 土的物理性质三相图"block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram" 143 4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil144 4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure145 4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility146 4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit147 4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture148 4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure149 4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles150 4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil151 4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil152 4. 土的物理性质团粒"aggregate, cumularpharolith"153 4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter154 4. 土的物理性质相对密度"relative density, density index"155 4. 土的物理性质相对压密度"relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction"156 4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure157 4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation158 4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility159 4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit160 4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index161 4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water162 4. 土的物理性质有效粒径"effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size " 163 4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density164 4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight165 4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight166 4. 土的物理性质自由水"free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water"167 4. 土的物理性质组构fabric168 4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density169 4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content170 5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy's law171 5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping172 5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line173 5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient174 5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function175 5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil176 5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net177 5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling178 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage179 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge180 5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity181 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force182 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure183 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability184 5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability185 5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function186 5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient187 6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation188 6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation189 6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson's ratio190 6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq's solution191 6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation192 6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure193 6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure194 6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement195 6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio196 6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement197 6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation198 6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation199 6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method200 6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure201 6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress202 6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus203 6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement204 6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification205 6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation206 6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience207 6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience208 6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index209 6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building210 6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation211 6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method212 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure213 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure214 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数A pore pressure parameter A215 6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数B pore pressure parameter B216 6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin's solution217 6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart218 6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus219 6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep220 6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement221 6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement222 6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation223 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation224 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus225 6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium226 6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus227 6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure228 6. 地基应力和变形压缩层229 6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility230 6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility231 6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility232 6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index233 6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress234 6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress235 6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength236 6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement237 7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron's consolidation theory238 7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot's consolidation theory239 7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio240 7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure241 7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation242 7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin243 7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation244 7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation245 7. 固结固结consolidation246 7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation247 7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation248 7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve249 7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation250 7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation251 7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure252 7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve253 7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio254 7. 固结井阻well resistance255 7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect256 7. 固结潜变（台）creep257 7. 固结砂井sand drain258 7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drainedground259 7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method260 7. 固结时间因子time factor261 7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi's consolidation theory262 7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation 263 7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure264 7. 固结压密（台）consolidation265 7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation266 7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve267 7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation268 7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress269 7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure270 7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve271 7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve272 7. 固结主固结primary consolidation273 7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation274 7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure275 7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition276 8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose277 8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength278 8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction279 8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength280 8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength281 8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test282 8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils283 8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength284 8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter285 8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate286 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength287 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter288 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 289 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength290 8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb's equation291 8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr's envelope292 8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory293 8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction294 8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion295 8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture296 8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion297 8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength298 8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength299 8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction300 8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept301 8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope302 8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter303 8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress304 8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction305 8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion306 8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope307 8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter308 9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model309 9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model310 9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model311 9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model312 9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion313 9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model314 9. 本构模型动剪切强度315 9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model316 9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model317 9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model318 9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus319 9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion320 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion321 9. 本构模型加工软化work softening322 9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening323 9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law324 9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model325 9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model326 9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model327 9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion328 9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model329 9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model330 9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model331 9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule332 9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion333 9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model334 9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory335 9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model336 9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus337 9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model338 9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface339 9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 340 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型341 9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion342 9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model343 9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion344 9. 本构模型塑性形变理论345 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix346 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus347 9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory348 9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model349 9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation350 9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus351 9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model352 9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model353 9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model354 9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model355 9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model356 10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure357 10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum358 10. 地基承载力地基"subgrade, ground, foundation soil"359 10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil360 10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil361 10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil362 10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil363 10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen's ultimate bearing capacity formula 364 10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium365 10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio366 10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure367 10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure368 10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof's ultimate bearing capacity formula369 10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory370 10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton's ultimate bearing capacity formula371 10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory372 10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic's ultimate bearing capacity formula 373 10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure374 11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure375 11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure376 11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium377 11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest378 11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest379 11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb's earth pressure theory380 11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction381 11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine's earth pressure theory382 11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state383 11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium384 11. 土压力土压力earth pressure385 11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure386 11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure387 12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose388 12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method389 12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope390 12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method 391 12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices392 12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method393 12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method394 12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method395 12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope396 12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method397 12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method398 12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method399 12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method400 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope401 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis402 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 403 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 404 12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose405 12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method406 12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis407 13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity408 13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves409 13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method410 13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping411 13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction412 13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site413 13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils414 13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq415 13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor416 13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils417 13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils418 13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils419 13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping420 13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress421 13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil422 13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle423 13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity424 13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency425 13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction426 13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential427 13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction428 13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils429 13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement430 13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil431 13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio432 14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall433 14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施434 14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall435 14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙436 14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall437 14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall438 14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall439 14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead440 14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall441 14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall442 14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall443 14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall444 14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall445 14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall446 15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile447 15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure448 15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile449 15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile450 15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile451 15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile452 15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod453 15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall454 15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring455 15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage456 15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile457 15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles458 15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall459 16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts460 16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage461 16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping462 16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base463 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering464 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit465 16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit466 16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well467 16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method468 16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system469 16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point470 16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 471 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling472 16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point473 16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point474 16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts475 17. 浅基础杯形基础476 17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation477 17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum478 17. 浅基础次层（台）substratum479 17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing480 17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method481 17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation482 17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation483 17. 浅基础高杯口基础484 17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation485 17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction486 17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure487 17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing488 17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure489 17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)490 17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation491 17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing492 17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation493 17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation494 17. 浅基础墙下条形基础495 17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin's method496 17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation497 17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis498 17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation499 17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing500 17. 浅基础下卧层substratum501 17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation502 17. 浅基础柱下条形基础503 18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile504 18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis505 18. 深基础场铸桩（台) cast-in-place pile506 18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile507 18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation508 18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation509 18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile510 18. 深基础承台pile caps511 18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient512 18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile513 18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile514 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 515 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 516 18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 517 18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap518 18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall519 18. 深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile520 18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula521 18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile522 18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile523 18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile524 18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles525 18. 深基础钢桩steel pile526 18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap527 18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile528 18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles529 18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method530 18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile531 18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩532 18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling533 18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile534 18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile535 18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile536 18. 深基础木桩timber piles537 18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock538 18. 深基础群桩pile groups539 18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups540 18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups541 18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 542 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation543 18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力544 18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile545 18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩546 18. 深基础桩piles547 18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test548 18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation549 18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile550 18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile551 18. 深基础最后贯入度final set552 19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction553 19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading554 19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick555 19. 地基处理地工织物"geofabric, geotextile"556 19. 地基处理地基处理"ground treatment, foundation treatment"557 19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting558 19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage559 19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法560 19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting561 19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement562 19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile563 19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading564 19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method565 19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation566 19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile567 19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting568 19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material569 19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting570 19. 地基处理硅化法silicification571 19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile572 19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting573 19. 地基处理换填法cushion574 19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile575 19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法576 19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting577 19. 地基处理挤密桩"compaction pile, compacted column"578 19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method579 19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method580 19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth581 19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting582 19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method583 19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method584 19. 地基处理纠偏技术585 19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning586 19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating587 19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring588 19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning589 19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation590 19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment591 19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting592 19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment593 19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction594 19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation595 19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure596 19. 地基处理褥垫pillow597 19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground598 19. 地基处理砂井sand drain599 19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground600 19. 地基处理砂桩sand column601 19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area602 19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method603 19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting604 19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment605 19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method606 19. 地基处理石灰桩"lime column, limepile"607 19. 地基处理树根桩root pile608 19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio609 19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method610 19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting611 19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain612 19. 地基处理碎石桩"gravel pile, stone pillar"613 19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法614 19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation615 19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer616 19. 地基处理土工织物"geofabric, geotextile"617 19. 地基处理土桩earth pile618 19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique619 19. 地基处理外掺剂additive620 19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting621 19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting622 19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking623 19. 地基处理预压法preloading624 19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading625 19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method626 19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction627 19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column628 19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement629 19. 地基处理振密、挤密法"vibro-densification, compacting"630 19. 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio631 19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping632 19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning633 19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio634 20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity635 20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test636 20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site637 20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method638 20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor639 20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation640 20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration641 20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration642 20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 643 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation644 20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method645 20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient646 20. 动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system647 21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site648 21. 地基基础抗震地震"earthquake, seism, temblor"649 21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake650 21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 651 21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum652 21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity653 21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude654 21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period655 21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake656 21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor657 21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement658 21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity659 21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient660 22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test661 22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test662 22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test663 22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test664 22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test665 22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus666 22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test667 22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test668 22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test669 22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method670 22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test671 22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method672 22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test673 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test674 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test 675 22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test676 22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test677 22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test678 22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test679 22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test680 22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test681 22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test682 22. 室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test683 22. 室内土工试验击实试验684 22. 室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test685 22. 室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande's method686 22. 室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test687 22. 室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test688 22. 室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test689 22. 室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test690 22. 室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test。

(完整版)地质工程专业常用英文词汇

1论述引入相应的观点概论概率观点化宏观的增补规划证明证明赔偿算法鉴别式有限元方法样本单元法赤平投影法赤平投影扰乱位移法扰乱能量法条分法极限均衡法界面元法摹拟计算程序数值剖析计算工作量解的独一性多层结构模型非线性横观各向同性各向同性各向异性非均质性界限条件本构方程初始条件初始状态岩土工程土木匠程基础工程最不利滑面交替控制论大批现场检查组合式互相作用稳固性评论均质性介质层组构1 地形地貌工程地质条件地形地貌条件地形地貌微地貌地貌单元坡度地形图河谷expound(explain), stateintroduce intocorrespondingconceptionoverviewprobabilityconceptualizemacroscopiccomplementplandemonstrate, certify, attestconfirmationcompensate, make up, imbursealgorithmdiscriminantfinite element method(FEM)sample element method(SEM)stereographic projection method(SPM)stereographic projectioninterference displacement method(IDM)interference energy method(IEM)method of sliceslimit equilibrium methodboundary element methodsimulatecomputer programnumerical analysiscalculation loaduniqueness of solutionlaminated modelnonlinearlateral isotropyisotropyanisotropyheterogeneityboundary conditionconstitutive equationinitial conditionrest conditiongeotechnical engineering,civil engineeringfoundation engineeringthe most dangerous slip surfacealternatecyberneticsmass field surveyscombined typeinteractionstability evaluationhomogeneitymediumlayer, stratumfabricgeographic and geomorphicengineering geological conditionsgeographic and geomorphic conditionsland formrelieflandform unit, geomorphic unitgraderelief mapriver valley河流河床冲沟河漫滩阶地冲积平原三角洲古河流冲积扇洪积扇坡积裙分水岭盆地岩溶地貌溶洞落水洞土洞2 地层岩性地层岩性岩体岩层岩层母岩相变硬质岩软质岩硬质的软质的基岩岩组覆盖层交织层理层面片理层理板理(叶理)波痕泥痕雨痕造岩矿物黏土矿物高岭土蒙脱石伊利石云母白云母黑云母石英长石正长石斜长石辉石角闪石方解石结构结构组构矿物构成结晶质非晶质产状火成岩river courseriver bed(channel)gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)floodplain(valley flat)terracealluvial plaindeltafossil river course, fossil stream channelalluvial fandiluvial fantalus aprondividebasinkarst land feature, karst landformsolution cave, karst cavesinkholeKarstic earth cavegeostrome (stratum, strata)lithologic character, rock propertyrock massbed stratumlayer, rock stratummatrix, parent rockfacies changestrong rock, filmweak rockcompetentincompetentbedrockpetrofabricoverburdencross beddingbedding planeschistositybeddingfoliationripple-markmud crackraindrop imprintsrock-forming mineralsclay mineralkaolinitemontmorilloniteillitemicamuscovitebiotitequartzfeldsparorthoclaseplagioclasepyroxene, picritehornblendecalcitestructuretexturefabric(tissue)mineral compositioncrystallineamorphousattitudeigneousgeomorphology,microrelief2岩浆岩火山岩(熔岩) 火山侵入岩喷出岩深成岩浅成岩酸性岩中性岩基性岩超基性岩岩基岩脉(墙)岩株岩流岩盖岩盆岩墙岩床岩脉花岗岩斑岩玢岩流纹岩正长岩粗面岩闪长岩安山岩辉长岩玄武岩细晶岩伟晶岩煌斑岩辉绿岩橄榄岩黑曜岩浮岩火山角砾岩火山集块岩凝灰岩堆积岩碎屑岩黏土岩粉砂质黏土岩化学岩生物岩砾岩角砾岩砂岩石英砂岩粉砂岩钙质粉砂岩泥岩页岩盐岩石灰岩白云岩泥灰岩泥钙岩泥砂岩砂质泥质硅质的有机质magmatic rocklavavolcanointrusive(invade) rockeffusive rockplutonic rockpypabysal rockacid rockinter-mediate rockbasic rockultrabasic rockrock base (batholith)dikerock stockrock flowrock laccolith (laccolite)rock lopolithrock dikerock sillvein dykegraniteporphyryporphyriterhyolitesyenitetrachytedioriteandesitegabbrobasaltaplitepegmatitelamprophyrediabaseduniteobsidianpumicevulcanic brecciavolcanic agglomeratetuffrocksilty claystonechemical rockbiolithconglomeratebrecciasandstonequartz sandstonesiltstonecalcareous siltstonemudstoneshalesalinelimestonedolomitemarlargillo-calcareousargillo-arenaceousarenaceousargillaceoussiliceousorganic matter粗粒中粒堆积物漂石、顽石卵石砾石砂粉土黏土粘粒砂质黏土粘质砂土壤土、亚黏土coarse grainmedium-grainedsediment (deposit)bouldercobblegravelsandsiltclayclay grainsandy clayclayey sandloam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚黏土sandy loam浮土、表土黄土红土泥灰软泥淤泥冲积物(层)冲积的洪积物(层)洪积的坡积物(层)残积物(层)残积的regolith (topsoil)loesslateritepeatoozemire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clayalluvionalluvialproluvium, diluvium, diluviondiluvialdeluviumeluviumeluvial风积物(层)湖积物(层)海积物(层)冰川堆积物(层)崩积物(层)残积黏土变质岩板岩千枚岩片岩片麻岩石英岩大理岩糜棱岩混淆岩碎裂岩3 地质结构地质结构结构结构大地结构结构运动造山运动起落运动水平运动完好性起伏度尺寸效应围压效应产状因素产状走向偏向倾角褶皱褶曲单斜eolian depositslake depositsmarine depositsglacier (drift)depositscolluvial deposits, colluviumresidual claymetamorphic rockslatephylliteschistgneissquartzitemarblemylonitemigmatitecataclasitegeologic structurestructural texturegeotectonictectogenesisorogenyvertical movementhorizontal movementperfection(integrity)wavinesssize effectconfining pressure effectelements of attitudeattitude, orientationstrikedipdip angle, angle of dipfoldfoldmonoclinesedimentaryclastic rockclay rock3向斜背斜穹隆挤压上盘下盘断距订交断层正断层逆断层平移断层层理微层理地堑地垒断层泥擦痕断裂破裂带节理节理组裂隙微裂隙劈理原生裂隙次生裂隙张裂隙剪裂隙卸荷裂隙裂隙率结构种类岩体结构岩块结构体块度结构面脆弱结构面临空面碎裂结构板状结构薄板状块状的层状的巨厚层薄层状的脆弱夹层夹层夹泥层夹泥连通性切层影响带完好性破裂胶结泥化尖灭错动错动层面断续的破裂共轭节理散状透镜状的岩石碎片岩屑薄膜层理高角度缓倾角反倾互层起伏的波状起伏的粒径结构层挤压均一的剪切错动面切割切割的致密结构岩糜棱岩断层角砾岩方解石脉碎块岩角砾岩粉岩屑固结定向摆列结构应力剩余应力4 水文地质条件水文循环大气圈水圈岩石圈地表径流地下径流流域流域面积汇水面积地下水地表水大气水气态水液态水固态水上层滞水潜水承压水吸着水介质缝隙孔隙水压力浸透压力扬压力静水压力外静水压力动水压力crumbleconjugated jointlooselens-shaped a.cragcuttings, debrismembrane, filmstratificationhigh dip anglelow dip angleanti-dipinterbed v.Interbedding n.unplanarundulate, undulatingparticle sizetectonospherecompressionhomogeneousshear faulted, bedding zonedissectiondissectedclose, compacttectonitemylonitefault brecciacalcite veinclastic rockbrecciarock powderdebris, debryconsolidationoriented spreadtectonic stressresidual stresshydrogeological conditionshydrologic cycleatmospherehydrospheregeospheresurface runoffsubsurface runoffvalley, drainage basindrainage area, river basin areacatchment areaground water, subsurface watersurface wateratmospheric wateraqueous (vapour) waterliquid watersolid waterperched waterphreatic waterconfined waterhygroscopic (adsorptive) watermediumvoidpore water pressureosmotic pressure, seepage forceuplift pressurehydrostatic pressureexternal hydrostatic pressurehydrodynamic pressure nsynclineanticlinedomesqueezeupper sectionbottom wall, footwall, lower wallseparationintersectfaultnormal faultreversed faultparallel faultbedding, stratificationlight stratificationgrabenhorst, fault ridgegouge, pug, selvage, fault gougestria, striationfracturefracture zonejointjoint setfissure, crackfine fissure, microscopic fissurecleavageoriginal jointepigenetic jointtension jointshear jointrelief crackfracture porositystructural patternrock mass structureblock massstructural elementblocknessstructural planeweak planefree facecataclastic textureplaty structurelamelloselumpy, massivelaminatedgiant thick-laminatedfinely laminatedweak intercalated layerinter bedding,degree of integralitycrumblecementargillizationtaper-outdiastrophismfaulted bedding planeintermittentclayey intercalationinter-clayconnectivityinsequentaffecting zoneintercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layerintegrity Integrate.v. & a.4浸透力外水压力内水压力水力联系水力折减系数水头损失浸透门路浸透系数潜水位水位水头含水层seepage pressureexternal water pressure internal water pressure hydraulic interrelation hydraulic reduction coefficient water head lossfiltration path, seepage path penetration coefficientwater table levelwater level, stage levelwater headaquifer弱含水层(弱透水层) aquitardaquicludepermeable layer, pervious layer不透水层(隔水层) aquifuge, impervious layer,潜水含水层承压含水层承压面潜水面浸润线不透水界限地下分水岭粘滞性富水性透水性(浸透性) 淋滤(溶滤作用) 反滤层水锈渗滴饱和潜水位变化带气象因素饱水带包气带包气带水上层滞水孔隙水裂隙水岩溶水联合水吸着水薄膜水毛细水重力水凝固水地下水埋藏条件地下水埋藏深度压水试验抽水试验impermeable layer, aquiclude phreatic aquiferconfined aquifer, artesian aquifer bearing surfacephreatic surface, water table phreatic curveimpervious boundarygroundwater ridgeviscosityabundancepermeabilitylixiviation, leachinginverted gravel filterincrustationseepsaturation, saturatedzone of variable phreatic level meteorological factorzone of saturationaeration zone, zone of aeration aeration zone waterperched waterpore waterfissure waterkarstic waterbound water, combined water hydroscopic waterpellicular watercapillary watergravitational watercondensation watercondition of groundwater occurrence depth of groundwater occurrence packer permeability testpumping test5 物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanicala.折服准则米赛斯折服准则朗肯土压力理论剑桥模型yield criteriaVon Mises yield criteria Ranking’s earth pressure theory Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型本构方程局部剪切损坏整体剪切损坏Duncan-chang model constitutive equationlocal shear failuregeneral shear failure岩体完好性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数埋深试件挠度里氏震级设计烈度基本烈度场所烈度地震烈度优秀周期持力层超载围岩压力附带压力应力废弛应力路迳卸荷浸透率饱和度含水量均匀粒径颗粒颗粒级配级配粒度factor of safetyembedment depthcouponsdeflectionRichter scaledesign intensitybasic intensitysite intensityseismic intensity, intensity scalepredominant periodsustained yieldsurchargesurrounding rock stresssuperimposed stressstress relaxationstress pathunloadspecific permeabilitydegree of saturationmoisture contentmean diametergrain, granule, particledistribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distributiongraduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, gradingcoarseness grain size, granularity, lump 不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factorgradation, size gradingpore watervoid ratio (ration)air voidsporositycrackitykarstitydensityunit weight, bulk weightbuoyant unit weightreduction factordissipation of pressurecoefficient of resistancesoftening coefficientwater contentconsistencyplastic limitliquid limitplasticity indexliquidity indexrheologicalcreepplasticbrittleness(fragility)sticknessrigidityelasticviso-elasticityelasto-plasticitycompressibilityhomogeneitynonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)isotropyanisotropytotal stress颗粒分级孔隙水孔隙比缝隙率孔隙率裂隙率溶隙率密度重度浮重度折减系数压力消失抗力系数融化系数含水量稠度塑限液限塑性指数液性指数流变蠕变塑性脆性粘性刚性弹性的粘弹性弹塑性压缩性均质性非均质性各向同性各向异性总应力滞水层透水层5有效应力超孔隙水压力孔隙水压力抗压强度抗拉强度抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度峰值抗剪强度长久抗剪强度剩余抗剪强度负磨擦力磨擦角内磨擦角外磨擦角effective stressexcess pore pressurepore water pressurecompressive strengthtensile strengthshear strengthundrained shear strenghtpeak share strengthlong-term shear strengthresidual shear strengthnegative skin friction, dragdown angle of frictionangle of internal frictionangle of external friction内聚力粘聚力假凝集力粘着力摩尔圆包络线住手角峰值模量弹性模量压缩模量变形模量卸荷模量切线模量剪切模量割线模量旁压模量泊松比固结固结系数固结度超固结比应变压缩比压缩系数压缩指数初始曲线正常固结土欠固结土超固结土被动土压力主动土压力静止土压力覆盖压力初始应力地应力场有效应力动应力动荷载偏爱荷载循环荷载地应力初始应力应力场纵波液化势液化指数交角cohesioncohesionpseudo-cohesionadhesionMohr’s circleenvelopeangle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose anglepeakmodulusmodulus of elasticity ，Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulusmodulus of compressibilitymodulus of deformationunloading modulustangent modulusshear modulussecant moduluspressurmeter moduluspoisson ’s rationconsolidationcoefficient of consolidationdegree of consolidationover consolidation rationstraincompressibility ratiocoefficient of compressibilitycompression indexvirgin curvenormally consolidated soilunder-consolidated soilover-consolidated soilpassive earth pressureactive earth pressureearth pressure at restoverburden pressureinitial stressground(geostatic) stress fieldeffective stressdynamic stressdynamic loadeccentric loadsinclined loadsground stress, geostatic stressinitial stressstress fieldlongitudinal waveliquefaction potentialliquefaction indexangular岩石抗力系数允许承载力临塑压力接触压力coefficient of rock resistanceallowable bearing capacitycritical pressurecontact pressure6 工程地责问题工程地责问题定性评论定量评论极限均衡法不良地质现象风化变形位移engineering geological problemqualitative estimatequantitative estimatelimit equilibrium methodunfavorable geological conditionweatheringdeformationdisplacement不均匀位移相对位移沉陷山崩崩塌滑坡、地滑切层滑坡深层滑坡浅层滑坡顺层滑坡滑动面differential movementrelative displacementsettlementavalanche, topplingtoppling, toppling collapsecreep, slideinsequent landslidedeep slideshallow slideconsequent landslide滑动带滑床滑坡体古滑坡sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surfacesliding zoneslide bedslide(sliding) massfossil landslide推移式滑坡牵引式滑坡管涌渗漏流砂渗流液化7 工程勘探slumping slideretrogressive slidepiping, internal erosionleakagequicksandseepageliquefactionengineering investigation工程地质勘探engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘探geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质评论engineering geological evaluation勘察survey岩芯采用率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获取率RQD (岩石质量指标) rock quality designation程序(步骤)勘探阶段选点踏勘初步设计初步规划初步勘探初步踏勘可行性研究阶段初步设计阶段施工阶段踏勘地质测绘工程地质测绘钻探物探洞探钎探procedureinvestigational stagereconnaissanceprimary designpreliminary schemepreliminary prospectingground reconnaissancefeasibility stagepreliminary stageconstruction sagereconnaissance, inspectiongeological surveyengineering geological mappingborehole operation, boringgeophysical explorationexploratory aditsrod sounding钻杆drill rod坑探槽探天然建材检查exploring miningtrenchingnatural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘探报告geotechnical investigation report 判定identification, appraisal判定书判定人校核总监比率地形图地貌图地质图expertise report identifier, surveyorverificationchief inspectorproportion geographic map geomorphological map geological map工程地质图engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)结构地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图地质详图quarternary geological map detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图横剖面图展现图节理玫瑰图基岩等高线层底等高线岩层界限岩面高程坐标分层地质点勘探点勘探线勘探孔平洞竖井探槽探井钻孔机钻孔套钻孔管钻孔岩芯岩芯钻探展转钻探(进) 冲击钻探钢砂钻探铁砂钻进跟管钻进振动钻进泥浆钻探金刚石钻进单动式双层空气钻探钻机钻头螺旋钻头勺钻longitudinal sectioncross sectionreveal detail maprose of jointsbed rock contourcontour of stratum bottomstrata boundaryelevation of bed rock surfacecoordinatebed separationgeological observation point exploratory point (spot)exploratory lineexploration holeaditriser, shaft, vertical shaftexploratory trenchexploratory pitborehole, drill holeordinary drill holesleeve drill holepipe drill holecorecore drillingrotary drillingchurn drilling, percussion drillingshot drillingiron shot drillingfollow-down drillingvibro-boring, vibro-drillingmud flush drillingdiamond drillingsingle actingdouble layerair flush drillingdrilling rigdrill bit, drilling bitaugerspoon bit套管岩芯管冲刷掖正循环冲刷反循环冲刷泥浆泥皮护壁止水扫孔钻进平硐竖井钻探casingcore barrelflush fluiddirect circulation reverse circulationmud, slurrymud cakedadoseal, water sealcleaning bottom of hole drillingaditshaftdrilling boring8 工程地质试验击实试验压缩试验固结试验单轴试验现场剪切试验单剪试验直剪试验慢剪试验单剪试验快剪试验三轴剪切试验三轴压缩试验动三轴试验compaction testcompression testconsolidation test uniaxial compression test in-situ shear testsimple shear testdirect shear testslow testsimple shear testquick testtriaxial shear test triaxial compression test dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)6固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验原位测试现场监测现场检测观察孔静力触探试验标贯试验consolidated drained test(slow test)in-situ teston-site(in-site) monitoringon-site (in-site) inspectionobservation boreholecone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone teststandard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验岩石试验应力排除法应力恢复法套孔法9 岩土体加固掌子面顶拱底拱洞室开挖超挖风钻开挖断面塌落细骨料混凝土细骨料point load testrock teststress relief methodstress recovery methodover-coring methodbreast, driving face,heading face, tunnel facevaultinvertexcavationoverbreakpneumatic drillexcavated sectionslumpconcrete made with fine aggregatefine aggregate, fine adjustment 6料场土料矿渣性能stock groundearth materialcinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag function, performance, property, nature凝固coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格初凝初凝时间终凝配合比塌落度水化热水灰比粉煤灰梅花状发射浇注钢筋网加固锚杆锚索锚紧端锚桩采石场开挖清基明挖爆破光面爆破预裂法10 水工概论坝址坝踵坝段坝顶坝肩左坝肩副坝三坝址标高上游水位正常库水位地下洞室压力隧洞无压隧洞交通洞灌浆洞明流洞孔板洞排砂洞尾水洞排水洞导流洞地道围岩围岩应力应力集中覆盖层冒顶底鼓回弹岩爆qualified, on test, up to standardinitial setinitial setting timefinal setmix proportionslumpheat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heatwater-cement ratiofly ashquincuncial patternshotcretepouringcoiremeshreinforceanchored bar, rock boltanchored cableanchor stationanchored pegquarryexcavationcleanup foundationopen-cutexplosionsmooth blastingpresplittingtoe of damheelmonolithcrestshouldersleft dam abutmentsaddle damthe third dam siteheight markheadwaternormal reservoir levelunderground opening (tunnel)pressure tunnelgravity tunnelaccess tunnelgrouting tunnelfree-flow tunnelorifice tunnelsediment tunneltailrace tunneldrainage tunneldiversion tunneltunnelsurrounding rock, ambient rocksecondary stress staticstress concentrateover burdencave in, roof fallbottom heavereboundrock burst冻结法超载衬砌围堰堤近坝岸坡施工(缩短)缝心墙freezing methodover breakliningcofferdamdikeabutmentsconstruction jointcore截水墙防渗墙排水井排水幕减压井反滤层灌浆资料水力劈裂帷幔线上游围堰混凝土防渗墙截流导水墙cutoff walldiaphragm walldrainage wellsdrainage curtainrelief wellsfilter zonegrouthydraulic fracturingcurtain lineupstream cofferdamconcrete cutoff wallinterim completionchannel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘隔墙混凝土护坦副厂房闸门室中闸室开关站电梯井尾沟渠特殊溢洪道lined plunge pooldivider wallsconcrete apronauxiliary powergate chambermid gate chamberswitch yardelevator shafttail raceemergency spillway11 桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥悬索桥锚碇重力式嵌岩锚Jiangyin Bridgesuspension bridgeanchoragegravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前(后)锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩墩散索鞍猫道主缆索股主鞍主跨边跨引桥钢箱梁埋深北塔墩基础基础浅基础深基础联合基础筏形基础钢模桩基桩群桩桩基础桩承台towerpiersplay saddlefootbridgemain cablecable strandmain saddle, tower saddlemain spanside spanapproachsteel box main girderembedment depthnorth tower basefoundation, footingshallow foundationdeep foundationcombined footingraft(mat) foundationsteel formpilefoundation pilepile groupsfoundationpile caphouserockpile高桩承台低桩承台磨擦桩端承桩嵌岩桩板桩旋喷桩灌输桩沉管灌输桩支护桩刚性桩柔性桩侧向受荷桩轴向受荷桩预制桩振动打桩振动钻进沉箱沉井(沉箱) 地下连续墙支撑超载接触应力井点降水桩极限承载力承载力阻力桩端阻力表面磨擦力粘着系数负磨擦力安全系数压缩层附带应力持力层地基土临塑压力剪切损坏地基无效冲剪损坏渐进损坏允许荷载极限承载力沉降沉降差尾部倾斜倾斜坑底隆起静止土压力稳固数路堤地基办理垫层加固注浆灌浆帷幕挡土墙锚固喷浆锚杆盲沟振冲法high-rise pile capburied pile capfriction pileend bearing pilesocketed pilesheet pilejet-grouted pilecast-in-place piledriven cast-in-place pilesoldier piles, tangent pilesrigid pileflexible pilelaterally loaded pileaxially loaded pileprecast concrete pilevibratory pile drivingvibratory drillingcaisson(open) caissondiaphragm wall, slurry wallbracingsurchargecontact pressurewell-point dewateringultimate bearing capacity of pilebearing capacityresistanceend resistanceskin frictionadhesion factornegative skin frictionfactor of safetycompressed layeradditional stress, superimposed stressbearing layer, sustaining layerfoundation soil, subsoilcritical pressureshear failurefoundation failurepunching failureprogressive failureallowable loadultimate bearing capacitysettlementdifferential settlementangular distortiontiltingbottom heaveearth pressure at reststability numberembankmentground treatment soil improvementcushionstabilizationinjectiongunitingcurtainretaining wallanchoringgunitingearth anchorFrench drainvibro jet12 监测仪器观察孔仪器观察读数装置传感器探头压力盒振弦式应变计伸长计、变位计板式沉降仪测斜仪测压计，渗压计垂线垂直度13 安全监控靠谱性检查监控模型监测资料靠谱性稳固性安全评估评定评论准则灾祸确立性方法论应急行动计划事故紧迫状态紧迫检查灾情等级灾祸评论风险评估observation bore/holeinstrumentationreadout devicetransducerprobepressure cellvibrating wire strain gaugeextension meterfoundation base/pateinclinometerpiezometerplumbplumbnessreliability checkingmonitoring and prediction modelmonitoringdatum, datareliabilitystabilitysafetyevaluation, appraiseassessment, assess, ratecriterionhazard, calamityDeterministic methodologyEAP(emergency action plan)accidentemergencyemergency inspectionhazard classificationhazard evaluationrisk assessment静力( Static Analysis )动力( Dynamic Analysis )蠕变( Creep Material Model )渗流( Fluid-mechanical Interaction )热力学( Thermal Option )headward erosion 溯源侵害scouring of levee or bank 淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 显然的Correspondingly adv. 相应地; 有关地; 同样地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上边稍有重复)一．综合类91. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4. soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载viscoelastic found 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6. stress path 应力路径二．土的分类1. residual soil 残积土 groundwater level地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwatertable 地下水位3. clay minerals 黏土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物5. landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘探 8. boulder 漂石 9. cobble 卵石 10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂 12. coarse sand 粗砂 13. medium sand 中砂 14. fine sand 细砂 15. silty sand 粉土 16. clayey soil 粘性土 17. clay 黏土18. silty clay 粉质黏土 19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土 21. clayey silt 粘质粉土 22. saturated soil 饱和土23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土24. fill (soil) 填土三．土的基本物理力学性质1. c c Compression index2. c u undrained shear strength3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effectiveoverburden stress p 0(c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designatednormally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. c vane cohesive strength from vane test5. e 0 natural void ratio plasticity index6. Ip7. K 0 coefficient“ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stresses σ 1and σ 28. K 0 ’ do main for effective stresses σ 1‘an 2 ’9. K 0n K 0 for normally consolidatedstate10. K 0u K 0 coefficient under rapidcontinuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclicloading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度5. low activity 低活性6. sensitivity 敏捷度7. triaxial test 三轴试验8. foundation design 基础设计 9. recompaction 再压缩 10. bearing capacity 承载力 11. soil mass 土体12. contact pressure 接触应力 13. concentrated load 集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无穷弹性体 15. homogeneous 均质 16. isotropic 各向同性 17o.f strip footing 条基18. square spread footing 方形独立基础19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层(土) 20. dead load =sustained load 恒载连续荷载 21. live load 活载22. short –term transient load 短期刹时荷载 23. long-term transient load 长久荷载 24. reduced load 折算荷载25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形 26. casing 套管27. dike=dyke 堤(防) 28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组四．浸透性和渗流1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage 浸透(流)7. leakage 渗流8. seepage (force) pressure 浸透压力 9. permeability 浸透性10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度11. coefficient of permeability 浸透系数u h19. U,U m degree ofconsolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and mdenote bottom of specimen and mean value, 21. respectively natural water content, liquid and13. N blow count ,standard penetrationtest14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from 16. oedemeter test effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration 18. resistance ,from static cone testq unconfined compressive strengt0 L p22. plastic limits, respectively ‘and σ ’pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficientk k permeability in horizontalσ ,σ principal stresses, σ1 2 1 2denote effective principal stressesh , vvertical directions, respectively五．地基应力和变形w w wand12.p。

(完整word版)地质专业英语

1我们研究地区位于距离重庆市大约60公里的一个叫做小张村的地方Our study area is located in xiaozhang village ，which is about 60 kilometers southwest from the chongqing city 。

2 关于海相中生代地层和火山作用的地址调查早在1959年就曾在该地进行过Geological survey on Mesozoic marine strata and volcanism was conducted as in 1959。

3 在这个地区,除了在小张村北面很小的一片地区侏罗系被白垩系玄武岩大量侵入以外，侏罗纪地层露头几乎是连续的.In this region, Jurassic strata is nearly continuous except that in local place of xiaozhang village the strata was intruded by massive cretaceous basalts .4 2005年夏季，在王教授的率领下,我们在这里进行了为期30天的野外地质工作。

In the summer of 2005, led by prof , wang ,we carried out 30 days"field work 。

5昨天下午我们在教室里成功召开了关于如何组织下一次野外考察的会议。

We successfully held the meeting on how to organize the next field survey yesterday afternoon .1 在所有的沉积层序的野外资料收集到之后，就要解释这些资料。

All field data of sedimentary successions have to be interpreted after collected .2 由于这种研究的目的是判断沉积过程和当时的环境，所以就要运用所有的野外资料来确定层序中的沉积相.Since this study aims decide deposition process and environment , all field data have to be applied to determine the sedimentary facies of the succession 。

地质专业课程中英文对照

地质专业课程中英文对照中文课程名称中文课程名称英文课程名称英文课程名称普通地质学General Geology 专业概论Outline of Speciality 大学生素质拓展指导Guide to College Students’ Quality Development 中国近现代史纲要Compendium of Chinese Neoteric & Modern History 思想道德修养与法律基础 Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Legal Basis 大学语文College Chinese 军事理论Military Theory 大学体育大学体育（（1）Physical Education (1) 计算机计算机与与信息技术应用基础 Application Basis of Computer and Information Techniques 结晶学与矿物学Crystal Mineralogy 形势与政策Current Affairs 建筑制图Architectural Drawing 大学物理大学物理（（上）College Physics (1) 大学物理实验大学物理实验（（上）College Physics Experiment (1) 马克思主义基本原理Basic Principles of Marxism 大学体育大学体育（（2）Physical Education (2) 岩石学岩石学（（含结晶光学含结晶光学）） Petrology (Crystal Optics Included) 大学物理大学物理（（下）College Physics (2) 大学物理实验大学物理实验（（下）College Physics Experiment (2) 大学英语大学英语（（3）College English (Ⅲ) 毛、邓、三Mao Zedong Though, Deng Xiaoping Theory, and Important Thought of Three Representatives 大学体育大学体育（（3）Physical Education (3) 金工实习Production Practice of Metal Technology 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 构造地质及大地构造Tectonic Geology and Tectonics 工程测量Engineering Surveying 大学英大学英语语（4）College English (Ⅳ) 大学体育大学体育（（4）Physical Education (4) 构造地质课程综合设计 Comprehensive Course Project of Tectonic Geology 矿物矿物、、岩石标本及薄片综合鉴定实习 Comprehensive Identification Practice of Mineral and Rock Specimens and Thin-sections 普通地质课程实习Course Practice of General Geology 地质测量课程实习Course Practice of General Surveying 专业英语专业英语（（2）Speciality English (Ⅱ) 生产实习Production Practice 专题讲演Keynote Speech大学生就业指导 Employment Guidance for College Students 电工技术Electrotechnology 电工电子实训Electrotechnics & Electronics Practice 毕业实习Graduation Practice 毕业设计Graduation Project 古生物地史学Historical Geology and Paleontology 地质CADGeology CAD 地球物理勘探Geophysical Prospecting 水文地质学Hydrogeology 煤、油、气地质学 Coal & Petroleum Geology 工程地质学Engineering Geology 专业英语专业英语（（1）Speciality English (Ⅰ) 矿产资源地质学 Mineral Resources Geology 矿产勘察理论方法 Theories and Methods of Mineral Exploration 矿产勘查课程设计Course Design of Mineral Exploration 地球物理勘探课程综合实习 Comprehensive Course Practice of Geophysical Prospecting 岩矿测试技术岩矿测试技术（（专业实验专业实验）） Rock and Mineral Analysis Techniques (Professional Experiment ) 地理信息系统Geography Information System 岩相古地理Lithofacies Paleogeography 矿产经济与管理 Economics and Management of Mineral Resources 遥感基础Fundamentals of Remote Sensing。

地质专业英语

地质工程专业英语

11地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel）冲沟gully, gulley，erosion gully，stream(brook）河漫滩floodplain(valley flat）阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course，fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature，karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum，strata）岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix，parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden 交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple—mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric（tissue)矿物组成mineral composition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade）rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base （batholith）岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite）岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike2岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo—calcareous 泥砂岩argillo—arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium—grained沉积物sediment (deposit) 漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud，sludge，warp clay冲积物(层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium，diluvium，diluvion 洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物(层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层)lake deposits海积物(层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift）deposits崩积物(层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection（integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude，orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall，footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst，fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug，selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass 结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy，massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick—laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding，intercalated bed, interlayer，intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter—clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. ＆a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper—out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens—shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane，film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n。

地质资源与地质工程专业英语

地质资源与地质工程专业英语Geological Resources and Geological Engineering专业英语是指与地质资源和地质工程相关的学科专业的英语表达。

以下是一些常用词汇和词组：1. Geological resources: 地质资源2. Mineral resources: 矿产资源3. Energy resources: 能源资源4. Water resources: 水资源5. Geological survey: 地质调查6. Geological mapping: 地质编图7. Geological exploration: 地质勘探8. Geological hazard assessment: 地质灾害评估9. Geological engineering: 地质工程10. Geotechnical engineering: 岩土工程11. Geochemistry: 地球化学12. Sedimentology: 沉积学13. Mining engineering: 采矿工程14. Environmental geology: 环境地质学15. Geological hazard mitigation: 地质灾害防治16. Geological modeling: 地质建模17. Geological mapping software: 地质编图软件18. Geological data analysis: 地质数据分析19. Geological fieldwork: 地质实地工作20. Geological research: 地质研究需要注意的是，地质资源与地质工程专业英语还包括一些特定领域和技术的术语，因此具体词汇表达可能会因不同学校和地区而有所不同。

以上仅是一些常用词汇，对于应对这个专业的英语学习有一定的帮助。

《工程地质专业英语》

《工程地质专业英语》教学大纲课程代码：课程名称：工程地质专业英语学时安排：总学时36学分：2适合专业：工程地质先修课程：《大学英语》，《工程地质学》，《工程岩土学》等教材：〈工程地质专业英语〉郑孝玉编，吉林大学校内讲义，2005，7参考书：编写人：郑孝玉➢教学目的和要求工程地质专业英语是工程地质专业4年级学生的选修课，是在学生学习和掌握了基础理论课，专业课及大学英语之基础上为培养和提高学生专业英语能力而设置的。

通过讲授和与学生交流为他们灌输一些相关专业词汇，表述方式及科学文献的翻译、课程写作技巧和规范等。

为将来学习和工作储备一些相关知识。

➢课程内容概要1．本课程教学内容●The Engineering Properties of Rocks1）rock index propertiesCertain index properties of rocks are of particular importance to the engineering, which are defined below.Specific gravity (G s and G b). G b is the specific gravity of the solid mineral material of the rock by itself. G b is the specific gravity of the complete rock, grain plus voids, with the voids empty except for air. Both are defined as a weight per unit volume.Saturation moisture content (i s). This is the total amount of water present in a rock with the voids full. The ratio of weight of water to dry weight of rock sample, expressed as a percentage, is the saturation moisture content (i s).Moisture content (W). This is the amount of water normally present in the voids of a rock , again expressed as a percentage (see i s) above. Rocks are rarely saturated with water, thus in normal circumstances w is less than is.Porosity (n). This is the ratio of volume of voids in a rock total volume of the sample. It is expressedas a percentage; 10% average, 5% is low and more than 15% is high.The factors that control the porosity of terrigenous sedimentary rocks and soils are as follows:(a)The degree of cementation(b)The sorting of the sediment(c)The packing of the grains(d)The shape of the grainsWater-yielding capacity. Not all of the water in a rock can be removed from it by flow under the force of gravity. Some is held as a film on the surface of the grains by capillary forces.Permeability(k). This is a measure of the fluid conductivity of the rock for a given hydraulic gradient.2）basic characteristics of soils2.1 the nature of soilsThe destructive process in the formation of soil from rock may be either physical or chemical. The physical process may be erosion by the action of wind, water or glaciers, or disintegration caused by alternate freezing and thawing m in cracks in the rock.The chemical process results in changes in the mineral form of the parent rock due to the action of water (especially if it contains traces of acid or alkali), oxygen and carbon dioxide. Chemical weathering results in the formation of groups of crystalline particles of colloidal size (<0.002 mm) known as the clay minerals.Particle sizes in soils can vary from over 100 mm to less than 0.001 mm. Most types of soil consist of a graded mixture of particles from two or more size ranges. All clay size particles are not necessarily clay mineral particles: the finest rock flour particles may be of clay size. If clay mineral particles are present they usually exert a considerable influence on the properties of a soil, an influence out of all proportion to their percentage by weight in the soil.2.2 particle size analysisThe particle size analysis of a soil sample involves determining the percentage by weight of particles within the different size ranges. The particle size distribution of a coarse-grained soil can be determined by the method of sieving. The soil sample is passed through a series of standard test sieves having successively smaller mesh sizes. The weight of soil retained in each sieve is determined and the cumulative percentage by weight passing each sieve is calculated. If fine-grained particles are present in the soil, the sample should be treated with a flocculating agent and washed through the sieves.The particle size distribution of a soil is presented as a curve on a semi-logarithmic plot, the ordinates being the percentage by weight of particles smaller than the size given by the abscissa. The flatter the distribution curve the larger the range of particle sizes in the soil; the steeper the curve the smaller the size range. A coarse-grained soil is described as well graded if there is no excess of particles in any size range and if no intermediate sizes are lacking. In general a well graded soil is represented by a smooth, concave distribution curve. A coarse-grained soil is described as poorly graded (a)if particles of both large and small sizes are present but with a relatively low proportion of particles of intermediate size (a gap-graded soil). Particle size is represented on a logarithmic scale so that two soils having the same degree of uniformity are represented by curves of the same shape regardless of their positions on the particle size distribution plot. The particle size corresponding to any specified value on the percentagesmaller scale can be read from the particle size distribution plot.2.3 plasticity of fine-grained soilsPlasticity is an important characteristic in the case of fine-grained soils, the term plasticity describing the ability of a soil to undergo unrecoverable deformation at constant volume without cracking or crumbling. Plasticity is due to the presence of clay minerals or organic material.Most fine-grained soils exist naturally in the plastic state. The upper and lower limits of therange of water content over which a soil exhibits plastic behaviour are defined as the liquid limit (LL or w L) and the plastic limit (PL or w P) respectively.2.4 soil compactionCompaction is the process of increasing the density of a soil by packing the particles closer together with a reduction in the volume of air: there is no significant change in the volume of water in the soil. In the construction of fills and embankments, loose soil is placed layers ranging between 75 mm and 450 mm in thickness, each layer being compacted to a specified standard by means of rollers, vibrators or rammers. In general the higher the degree of compaction the higher will be the shear strength and the lower will be the compressibility of the soil.The degree of compaction of a soil is measured in terms of dry density, i.e. the mass of solids only per unit volume of soil.The dry density of a given soil after compaction depends on the water content and the energy supplied by the compaction equipment (referred to as the compactive effort).The compaction characteristics of a soil can be assessed by means of standard laboratory tests. After compaction using one of the three standard methods, the bulk density and water content of the soil are determined and the dry density calculated. For a given soil the process is repeated at least five times, the water content of the sample being increased each time. At low values of water content most soils tend to be stiff and are difficult to compact. As the water content is increased the soil becomes more workable, facilitating compaction and resulting in higher dry densities. At high water contents, however, the dry density decreases with increasing water content, an increasing proportion of the soil volume being occupied by water.In Situ Testing1. penetrometersPenetrometer test evolved from the need to acquire data on subsurface soils which could not be obtained by other means. Basically a penetrometer consists of a conical point attached to a drive rod which is forced into the ground either by hammer blows or by jacking. Hence two types of penetrometer tests are recognized, the dynamic and the static. Both methods measure the resistance to penetration offered by the soil at any particular depth. Penetration of the cone forces the soil aside, creating a complex shear failure and thus provides an indirect measure of the in situ shear strength of the soil.Dynamic penetrometers were originally designed to determine the relative density of cohesionless soils but their use has been extended to include the design of pile foundations by determining the load and the required embedment of piles into the bearing strata.2．shear vane testBecause soft clays, may suffer disturbance when sampled and therefore give unreliable results whentested for strength in the laboratory, a vane test is often used to measure the in situ undrained shear strength. Vane tests can be used in clays which have a consistency varying from very soft to firm.3．plate load and jacking testsLoading tests can be carried out on loading plates. However, just because the ground immediately beneath a plate is capable of carrying a heavy load without excessive settlement, this does not necessarily mean that the ground will carry the proposed structural load. This is especially the case where a weaker horizon occurs at depth but is still within the influence of the bulb of pressure which will be generated by the structure.4．Pressure testsHydrostatic pressure chambers are used to measure the reaction of a rock mass to stress over large areas, giving values of Young’s modulus, elastic recovery, inelastic deformation and creep. The results are used to evaluate the behaviour of dam foundations and related strain distribution in the structure and to help estimate the behaviour of pressure tunnel linings. Hydrostatic chambers cover a much larger surface area than other test methods and so provide better results of mass behaviour. However, because of their cost these tests are used sparingly. A dilatometer can be used in a borehole to obtain data relating to the deformability of a rock mass. These instruments range up to about 300 mm in diameter and over 1 m in length and can exert pressures of up to 20 MN/m2 on the borehole walls.5．In situ shear testIn an in situ shear test a block of rock is sheared from the rock surface whilst a horizontal jack exerts a vertical load. It is advantageous to make the tests inside galleries, where reactions for the jacks are readily available. The tests are performed at various normal loads and give an estimate of the angle of shearing resistance and cohesion of the rock. In situ shear tests are usually performed on blocks, 700 ×700 mm, cut in the rock. These tests can be made on the same rock where it shows different degrees of alteration and along different directions according to the discontinuity pattern. The factor of safety against strain due to sliding may depend on a limited zone and it is therefore essential to find and investigate the weakest zones. It is sometimes difficult to obtain sufficiently undisturbed, as in the case of shales, to perform tests. This is also the case when the rocks are affected by residual stresses.Consolidation TheoryConsolidation is the gradual reduction in volume of a fully saturated soil of low permeability due to drainage of some of the pore water, the process continuing until the excess pore water pressure set up by an increase in total stress has completely dissipated: the simplest case is that of one-dimensional consolidation, in which a condition of zero lateral strain is implicit. The process of swelling, the reverse of consolidation, is the gradual increase in volume of a soil under negative excess pore water pressure. 1．the oedometer testThe characteristics of a soil during one-dimensional consolidation or swelling can be determined by means of the oedometer test. The test procedure has been standardized in Standards which specifies that the oedometer shall be of the fixed ring type. The void ratio at the end of each increment period can be calculated from the dial gauge readings and either the water content or dry weight of the specimen at the end of the test.2．compressibility characteristicsTypical plots of void ratio (e) after consolidation, against effective stress (σ/) for a saturated clay are shown that an initial compression followed by expansion and recompression. The shapes of the curves are related to the stress history of the clay.The compressibility of the clay can be represented by one of the following coefficients.The coefficient of volume compressibility (m v ), The compression index (C c ).3. Preconsolidation pressureWhenever possible the preconsolidation pressure for an overconsolidated clay should not be exceeded in construction. Compression will not usually be great if the effective vertical stress remains below /c σ:only if /c σis exceeded will compression be large.4. 1-D consolidation settlement5. degree of consolidation6. Terzaghi ’s theory of one-dimensional consolidationThe assumptions made in the theory are:1. The soil is homogenous.2. The soil is fully saturated.3. The solid particles and water are incompressible.4. Compression and flow are one-dimensional (vertical).5. Strains are small.6. Darcy ’s law is valid at all hydraulic gradients.7. The coefficient of permeability and the coefficient of volume compressibility remain constant throughout the process.8. There is a unique relationship, independent of time, between void ratio and effective stress.7. Second compressionSecondary compression is thought to be due to the gradual readjustment of the lay particles into a more stable configuration following the structural disturbance caused by the decrease in void ratio, especially if the clay is laterally confined. An additional factor is the gradual lateral displacements which take place in thick clay layers subjected to shear stresses. The rate of secondary compression is thought to be controlled by the highly viscous film of adsorbed water surrounding the clay mineral particles in the soil..Bearing CapacityIn order to avoid shear failure or substantial shear deformation of the ground, the foundation pressures used in design should have an adequate factor of safety when compared with the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation. The ultimate bearing capacity is the value of the loading intensity which causes the ground to fail suddenly in shear. If this is to be avoided then a factor of safety must be applied to the ultimate bearing capacity, the value obtained being the maximum safe bearing capacity.1. stress distribution in soilA reasonable approximation of how stress is distributed in soil uponloading can be obtained by assuming that the soil behaves in an elastic manner as if it was a homogenous material.2. Foundation failureThere are usually three stages in the development of a foundation failure.The weight of the material in the passive zones resists the lifting forces and provides the reaction through the other two zones which counteract downward motion of the foundation structure. Thus the bearing capacity is a function of the resistance to uplift of the passive zone. A surcharge placed on the passive zone or increasing the depth of the foundation therefore increase the bearing capacity.3. bearing capacity factorsA number of bearing capacity factors are used to determined the influence of the various characteristics of a soil and formation structure on the ultimate bearing capacity.4. contact pressureThe pressure acting between the bottom of a foundation structure and the soil is the contact pressure. The assumption that a uniformly loaded foundation structure transmits the load uniformly so that the ground is uniformly stressed is by on means valid. In fact, of course, the clay yields slightly and so reduces the stress at the edges. As the load is increased more and more local yielding of the ground material takes place until, then the loading is close to that which would cause failure, the distribution is probably very nearly uniform. Therefore at working loads a uniformly loaded foundation structure on clay imposes a widely varying contact pressure.5. allowable contact pressure for rock massesIf the rock mass contains few defects the allowable contact pressure at the surface may be taken conservatively as the unconfined compressive strength of the intact rock. Most rock masses, however, are affected by joints or weathering which may significantly affect their strength and engineering behaviour.●The stability of slopes1 the stability of slopes in soilsThe stability of slopes is critical factor in open excavation. This stability is usually expressed in terms of factor of safety (F), the design of potential stability increasing as the value of F increases above unity. A soil mass under given loads should have an adequate factor of safety will respect to shear failure, and deformation under given loads should not exceed certain tolerable limits.There are several methods available for analysis of the stability of slopes in soils. Most of theses may be classed as limit equilibrium methods in which the basic assumption is that coulomb’s failure criterion is satisfied along the assumed path of failure.1.1 analysis of stability in cohesive soil1.2 the Swedish method slices2 the stability of slopes in rocksThe design for a slope excavated in rock necessitates a well planned site investigation, indeed no design can be better than the quality of the geological input data. Such a site investigation must obtain as much information as possible on the character of the discontinuities within the rock mass in question, since the stability of a rock mass is frequently dependent upon the nature of the discontinuities. Information relating to the spatial relationships between discontinuities affords some indication of the modes of failure which may occur and information relating to the shear strength of the rock mass, or more particularly the shear strength along discontinuities, is required for use in the stability analysis. Furthermore data should be collected from all newly excavated faces in order to confirm or amend the original assumption made during design and, if necessary, to provide a basis for re-design.2.1 factors influencing rock slope stability2.2 types of failure in rock slopes●Methods of slope control and stabilizationIt is rarely economical to design a rock slope so that no subsequent rock falls occur, indeed many roads in rough terrain could not be constructed with the finance available without accepting some such risk. Therefore except there absolute security is essential, slopes should be designed to allow small falls ofrock under controlled conditions. For an economical design, about 10% of the slope area may require some treatment at a later date. Subsequent slope treatment may take the form of a reduction in the overall slope angle so as to increase the factor of safety. Obviously care must be taken to avoid damaging the slope when it is being trimmed by further blasting. Care also should be taken to maintain a constant slope line.1 reinforcement of slopesRock bolts may be used as reinforcement to enhance the stability of slopes excavated in jointed rock masses. They provide additional strength on critical planes of weakness within the rock mass.Reinforced earth walls are constructed by erecting a thin front skin at the face of the wall whilst at the same time the earth is placed. Strips of steel are fixed to the facing skin at regular intervals. They can be rapidly erected but only serve to support shallow translation slides. Gabions consists of strong wire mesh surrounding placed stones which are built to a given height. They provide a stable structure pervious to water.2 drainage of slopesDrainage is the most generally applicable method for improving the stability of slopes for the corrective treatment of slides, regardless of type, since it reduces the effectiveness of the principal causes of instability, namely, excess pore water pressure. In rock masses ground water also tends to reduce the shear strength along discontinuities. Moreover drainage is the only economic way of dealing with slides involving the movement of several million cubic metres.●Underground cavern1 location of underground cavernThe site investigation for an underground cavern has to locate a sufficiently large mass of sound rock in which the cavern can be excavated. Because caverns usually are located at appearance of weathering and consequently the chief considerations are rock quality, geological structure and ground water conditions. The orientation of an underground cavern is usually based on an analysis of the area and, where relevant, also on the basis of the stress distribution. It usually is considered necessary to avoid and orientation whereby the long axis is parallel to steeply inclined major joint sets.2 stability of underground caverns3 influence of joins4 excavation of underground caverns●Types of foundation structuresFootingsRafsPiersPiles●Dewatering●Some of the worst conditions are met in excavation which have to be taken below the water table. In such cases the water level must be lowered by dewatering. The method adopted for dewatering an excavation depends upon the permeability of the soil and its variation within the stratal sequence, the depth of base level below the water table, piezometric conditions in underlying horizons, the method ofproviding support to the sides of the excavation and of safeguarding neighbouring structures.●Methods of ground treatment1 grounting2 vibroflotation or vibrocompaction3 dynamic compaction●Geological factors in roof behaviorApart from the presence of high stress levels in relation to rock strength, strata behaviour in the roof of an underground mine is affected by a number of detailed geological features in the actual beds concerned among which the more significant factors are discussed below.1 presence of weak or unconsolidated materials2 deteroration with exposure3 bedding-plane discontinuities4 washout structures5 joint and fault pattern2．学生学习本课程的基本要求了解和掌握工程地质有关的专业词汇，规范的英语表达方式；通过教学是学生基本借助工具书可以流利阅读，翻译专业英语。

地质工程专业英语

1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata) 岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite文案大全构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro 玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained文案大全沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物（层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层）lake deposits海积物（层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss 石英岩quartzite岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect 产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault文案大全逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated 薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate, undulating粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere文案大全挤压compression均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone切割dissection切割的dissected致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation定向排列oriented spread构造应力tectonic stress残余应力residual stress4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions水文循环hydrologic cycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water 液态水liquid water固态水solid water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force扬压力uplift pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure水压力internal water pressure水力联系hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient水头损失water head loss渗透途径filtration path, seepage path渗透系数penetration coefficient潜水位water table level水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层aquiclude透水层permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,文案大全impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层phreatic aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面bearing surface潜水面phreatic surface, water table浸润线phreatic curve不透水边界impervious boundary地下分水岭groundwater ridge粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层inverted gravel filter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation, saturated潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level气象因素meteorological factor饱水带zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water 地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验packer permeability test 抽水试验pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则Von Mises yield criteria 朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-模型Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation局部剪切破坏local shear failure整体剪切破坏general shear failure岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass安全系数factor of safety埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale卓越周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress 附加压力superimposed stress文案大全应力松弛stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷unload渗透率specific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule, particle 颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distribution级配graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factor颗粒分级gradation, size grading 孔隙水pore water孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数reduction factor压力消散dissipation of pressure抗力系数coefficient of resistance软化系数softening coefficient含水量water content稠度consistency 塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力total stress有效应力effective stress超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght 峰值抗剪强度peak share strength长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength 负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角angle of friction摩擦角angle of internal friction外摩擦角angle of external friction 聚力cohesion文案大全粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线envelope休止角angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulus of elasticity，Young’s modulus, elastic modulus压缩模量modulus of compressibility 变形模量modulus of deformation 卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus旁压模量pressurmeter modulus 泊松比poisson’s ration固结consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation超固结比over consolidation ration 应变strain压缩比compressibility ratio压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index初始曲线virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil 欠固结土under-consolidated soil 超固结土over-consolidated soil 被动土压力passive earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure 静止土压力earth pressure at rest覆盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial stress地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力initial stress应力场stress field纵波longitudinal wave液化势liquefaction potential液化指数liquefaction index交角angular岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance容许承载力allowable bearing capacity 临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineering geological problem定性评价qualitative estimate定量评价quantitative estimate极限平衡法limit equilibrium method 不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移differential movement相对位移relative displacement文案大全沉陷settlement山崩avalanche, toppling崩塌toppling, toppling collapse 滑坡、地滑creep, slide切层滑坡insequent landslide深层滑坡deep slide浅层滑坡shallow slide顺层滑坡consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带sliding zone滑床slide bed滑坡体slide(sliding) mass古滑坡fossil landslide推移式滑坡slumping slide牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide管涌piping, internal erosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineering investigation工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation勘测survey岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation程序（步骤）procedure勘察阶段investigational stage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration 洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report鉴定identification, appraisal 鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map文案大全工程地质图engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology 地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom 岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point 勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft 探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling 冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger钻杆drill rod套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole 钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test文案大全压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test 现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test 动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验standard penetration test 十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面breast, driving face,heading face, tunnel face 顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment料场stock ground土料earth material矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag性能function, performance, property, nature凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格qualified, on test, up to standard初凝initial set初凝时间initial setting time终凝final set配合比mix proportion塌落度slump水化热heat of hydration,文案大全hydration heat, setting heat水灰比water-cement ratio粉煤灰fly ash梅花状quincuncial pattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt 锚索anchored cable锚紧端anchor station锚桩anchored peg采石场rock quarry开挖excavation清基cleanup foundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion光面爆破smooth blasting预裂法presplitting10 水工概论坝址toe of dam坝踵heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩left dam abutment副坝saddle dam三坝址the third dam site标高height mark上游水位headwater正常库水位normal reservoir level地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)压力隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞gravity tunnel 交通洞access tunnel灌浆洞grouting tunnel明流洞free-flow tunnel孔板洞orifice tunnel排砂洞sediment tunnel尾水洞tailrace tunnel排水洞drainage tunnel导流洞diversion tunnel隧道tunnel围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock围岩应力secondary stress static应力集中stress concentrate覆盖层over burden冒顶cave in, roof fall底鼓bottom heave回弹rebound岩爆rock burst冻结法freezing method超载over break衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝construction joint心墙core截水墙cutoff wall防渗墙diaphragm wall排水井drainage wells排水幕drainage curtain减压井relief wells反滤层filter zone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing帷幔线curtain line上游围堰upstream cofferdam混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall文案大全截流interim completion导水墙channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘lined plunge pool隔墙divider walls混凝土护坦concrete apron副厂房auxiliary power house闸门室gate chamber中闸室mid gate chamber开关站switch yard电梯井elevator shaft尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge悬索桥suspension bridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩tower墩pier散索鞍splay saddle猫道footbridge主缆main cable索股cable strand主鞍main saddle, tower saddle主跨main span边跨side span引桥approach钢箱梁steel box main girder埋深embedment depth 北塔墩基础north tower base基础foundation, footing浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation联合基础combined footing筏形基础raft(mat) foundation钢模steel form桩pile基桩foundation pile群桩pile groups桩基础pile foundation桩承台pile cap高桩承台high-rise pile cap低桩承台buried pile cap摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile板桩sheet pile旋喷桩jet-grouted pile灌注桩cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles 刚性桩rigid pile柔性桩flexible pile侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving振动钻进vibratory drilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall 支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contact pressure井点降水well-point dewatering桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity文案大全of pile承载力bearing capacity阻力resistance桩端阻力end resistance表面摩擦力skin friction粘着系数adhesion factor负摩擦力negative skin friction安全系数factor of safety压缩层compressed layer附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure剪切破坏shear failure地基失效foundation failure冲剪破坏punching failure渐进破坏progressive failure容许荷载allowable load极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity 沉降settlement沉降差differential settlement尾部倾斜angular distortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳定数stability number路堤embankment地基处理ground treatment soil improvement垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall 锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain振冲法vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔observation bore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readout device传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressure cell振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge 伸长计、变位计extension meter板式沉降仪foundation base/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action文案大全plan)事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergency inspection灾情等级hazard classification灾害评价hazard evaluation风险评估risk assessment静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）蠕变（Creep Material Model）渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）热力学（Thermal Option）headward erosion溯源侵蚀scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope文案大全。

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1阐述expound(explain), state河道river course引入introduce into河床river bed(channel)相应的corresponding冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)概念conception河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)概论overview阶地terrace概率probability冲积平原alluvial plain概念化conceptualize三角洲delta宏观的macroscopic古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel补充complement冲积扇alluvial fan规划plan洪积扇diluvial fan证明demonstrate, certify, attest坡积裙talus apron证实confirmation分水岭divide补偿compensate, make up, imburse盆地basin算法algorithm岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform判别式discriminant溶洞solution cave, karst cave有限元方法finite element method(FEM)落水洞sinkhole样本单元法sample element method(SEM)土洞Karstic earth cave赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM)赤平投影stereographic projection 2 地层岩性干扰位移法interference displacement method(IDM)地层geostrome (stratum, strata)干扰能量法interference energy method(IEM)岩性lithologic character, rock property条分法method of slices岩体rock mass极限平衡法limit equilibrium method岩层bed stratum界面元法boundary element method岩层layer, rock stratum模拟simulate母岩matrix, parent rock计算程序computer program相变facies change数值分析numerical analysis硬质岩strong rock, film计算工作量calculation load软质岩weak rock解的唯一性uniqueness of solution硬质的competent多层结构模型laminated model软质的incompetent非线性nonlinear基岩bedrock横观各向同性lateral isotropy岩组petrofabric各向同性isotropy覆盖层overburden各向异性anisotropy交错层理cross bedding非均质性heterogeneity层面bedding plane边界条件boundary condition片理schistosity本构方程constitutive equation层理bedding初始条件initial condition板理（叶理）foliation初始状态rest condition波痕ripple-mark岩土工程geotechnical engineering,泥痕mud crack土木工程civil engineering雨痕raindrop imprints基础工程foundation engineering造岩矿物rock-forming minerals最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface粘土矿物clay mineral交替alternate高岭土kaolinite控制论cybernetics蒙脱石montmorillonite大量现场调查mass field surveys伊利石illite组合式combined type云母mica相互作用interaction白云母muscovite稳定性评价stability evaluation黑云母biotite均质性homogeneity石英quartz介质medium长石feldspar层layer, stratum正长石orthoclase组构fabric斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite1 地形地貌geographic and geomorphic角闪石hornblende工程地质条件engineering geological conditions方解石calcite地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions构造structure地形land form结构texture地貌geomorphology, relief组构fabric(tissue)微地貌microrelief矿物组成mineral composition地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit结晶质crystalline坡度grade非晶质amorphous地形图relief map产状attitude河谷river valley火成岩igneous12岩浆岩magmatic rock粗粒coarse grain火山岩（熔岩） lava中粒medium-grained火山volcano沉积物sediment (deposit)侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock漂石、顽石boulder喷出岩effusive rock卵石cobble深成岩plutonic rock砾石gravel浅成岩pypabysal rock砂sand酸性岩acid rock粉土silt中性岩inter-mediate rock粘土clay基性岩basic rock粘粒clay grain超基性岩ultrabasic rock砂质粘土sandy clay岩基rock base (batholith)粘质砂土clayey sand岩脉（墙）dike壤土、亚粘土loam岩株rock stock砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam岩流rock flow浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite)黄土loess岩盆rock lopolith红土laterite岩墙rock dike泥灰peat岩床rock sill软泥ooze岩脉vein dyke淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay花岗岩granite冲积物（层）alluvion斑岩porphyry冲积的alluvial玢岩porphyrite洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion流纹岩rhyolite洪积的diluvial正长岩syenite坡积物（层）deluvium粗面岩trachyte残积物（层）eluvium闪长岩diorite残积的eluvial安山岩andesite风积物（层）eolian deposits辉长岩gabbro湖积物（层）lake deposits玄武岩basalt海积物（层）marine deposits细晶岩aplite冰川沉积物（层） glacier (drift)deposits伟晶岩pegmatite崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium煌斑岩lamprophyre残积粘土residual clay辉绿岩diabase变质岩metamorphic rock橄榄岩dunite板岩slate黑曜岩obsidian千枚岩phyllite浮岩pumice片岩schist火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia片麻岩gneiss火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate石英岩quartzite凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble沉积岩sedimentary rock糜棱岩mylonite碎屑岩clastic rock混合岩migmatite粘土岩clay rock碎裂岩cataclasite粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock 3 地质构造生物岩biolith地质构造geologic structure砾岩conglomerate结构构造structural texture角砾岩breccia大地构造geotectonic砂岩sandstone构造运动tectogenesis石英砂岩quartz sandstone造山运动orogeny粉砂岩siltstone升降运动vertical movement钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone水平运动horizontal movement泥岩mudstone完整性perfection(integrity)页岩shale起伏度waviness盐岩saline尺寸效应size effect石灰岩limestone围压效应confining pressure effect白云岩dolomite产状要素elements of attitude泥灰岩marl产状attitude, orientation泥钙岩argillo-calcareous走向strike泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous倾向dip砂质arenaceous倾角dip angle, angle of dip泥质argillaceous褶皱fold硅质的siliceous褶曲fold有机质organic matter单斜monocline2向斜syncline破碎crumble背斜anticline共轭节理conjugated joint穹隆dome散状loose挤压squeeze透镜状的lens-shaped a.上盘upper section岩石碎片crag下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall岩屑cuttings, debris断距separation薄膜membrane, film相交intersect层理stratification断层fault高角度high dip angle正断层normal fault缓倾角low dip angle逆断层reversed fault反倾anti-dip平移断层parallel fault互层interbed v.层理bedding, stratification Interbedding n.微层理light stratification起伏的unplanar地堑graben波状起伏的undulate, undulating地垒horst, fault ridge粒径particle size断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge构造层tectonosphere擦痕stria, striation挤压compression断裂fracture均一的homogeneous破碎带fracture zone剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone节理joint切割dissection节理组joint set切割的dissected裂隙fissure, crack致密close, compact微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure构造岩tectonite劈理cleavage糜棱岩mylonite原生裂隙original joint断层角砾岩fault breccia次生裂隙epigenetic joint方解石脉calcite vein张裂隙tension joint碎块岩clastic rock剪裂隙shear joint角砾breccia卸荷裂隙relief crack岩粉rock powder裂隙率fracture porosity岩屑debris, debry结构类型structural pattern固结consolidation岩体结构rock mass structure定向排列oriented spread岩块block mass构造应力tectonic stress结构体structural element残余应力residual stress块度blockness结构面structural plane 4 水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions软弱结构面weak plane水文循环hydrologic cycle临空面free face大气圈atmosphere碎裂结构cataclastic texture水圈hydrosphere板状结构platy structure岩石圈geosphere薄板状lamellose地表径流surface runoff块状的lumpy, massive地下径流subsurface runoff层状的laminated流域valley, drainage basin巨厚层giant thick-laminated流域面积drainage area, river basin area 薄层状的finely laminated汇水面积catchment area软弱夹层weak intercalated layer地下水ground water, subsurface water 夹层inter bedding,地表水surface water intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer大气水atmospheric water夹泥层clayey intercalation气态水aqueous (vapour) water夹泥inter-clay液态水liquid water连通性connectivity固态水solid water切层insequent上层滞水perched water影响带affecting zone潜水phreatic water完整性integrity n.承压水confined waterIntegrate v. & a.吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) waterdegree of integrality介质medium破碎crumble空隙void胶结cement孔隙水压力pore water pressure泥化argillization渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 尖灭taper-out扬压力uplift pressure错动diastrophism静水压力hydrostatic pressure错动层面faulted bedding plane外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure断续的intermittent动水压力hydrodynamic pressure3渗透力seepage pressure安全系数factor of safety外水压力external water pressure埋深embedment depth内水压力internal water pressure试件coupons水力联系hydraulic interrelation挠度deflection水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient里氏震级Richter scale水头损失water head loss设计烈度design intensity渗透途径filtration path, seepage path基本烈度basic intensity渗透系数penetration coefficient场地烈度site intensity潜水位water table level地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale水位water level, stage level卓越周期predominant period水头water head持力层sustained yield含水层aquifer超载surcharge弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard围岩压力surrounding rock stress滞水层aquiclude附加压力superimposed stress透水层permeable layer, pervious layer应力松弛stress relaxation不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,应力路迳stress pathimpermeable layer, aquiclude卸荷unload潜水含水层phreatic aquifer渗透率specific permeability承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer饱和度degree of saturation承压面bearing surface含水量moisture content潜水面phreatic surface, water table平均粒径mean diameter浸润线phreatic curve颗粒grain, granule, particle不透水边界impervious boundary颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,地下分水岭groundwater ridge grain composition, size distribution粘滞性viscosity级配graduation,富水性abundance grain-size distribution, gradation, grading透水性（渗透性） permeability粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump 淋滤（溶滤作用） lixiviation, leaching不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,反滤层inverted gravel filter variation coefficient, variation factor水锈incrustation颗粒分级gradation, size grading渗滴seep孔隙水pore water饱和saturation, saturated孔隙比void ratio (ration)潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level空隙率air voids气象因素meteorological factor孔隙率porosity饱水带zone of saturation裂隙率crackity包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration溶隙率karstity包气带水aeration zone water密度density上层滞水perched water重度unit weight, bulk weight孔隙水pore water浮重度buoyant unit weight裂隙水fissure water折减系数reduction factor岩溶水karstic water压力消散dissipation of pressure结合水bound water, combined water抗力系数coefficient of resistance吸着水hydroscopic water软化系数softening coefficient薄膜水pellicular water含水量water content毛细水capillary water稠度consistency重力水gravitational water塑限plastic limit凝结水condensation water液限liquid limit地下水埋藏条件 condition of groundwater occurrence塑性指数plasticity index地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence液性指数liquidity index压水试验packer permeability test流变rheological抽水试验pumping test蠕变creep塑性plastic5 物理力学性质脆性brittleness(fragility)物理力学physical mechanics n.粘性sticknessPhysico-mechanicala.刚性rigidity屈服准则yield criteria弹性的elastic米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield criteria粘弹性viso-elasticity朗肯土压力理论 Ranking’s earth pressure theory弹塑性elasto-plasticity剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model压缩性compressibility邓肯 -张模型Duncan-chang model均质性homogeneity本构方程constitutive equation非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)局部剪切破坏local shear failure各向同性isotropy整体剪切破坏general shear failure各向异性anisotropy岩体完整性指数 intactness index of rock mass总应力total stress4有效应力effective stress岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure容许承载力allowable bearing capacity孔隙水压力pore water pressure临塑压力critical pressure抗压强度compressive strength接触压力contact pressure抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength 6 工程地质问题不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strenght工程地质问题engineering geological problem峰值抗剪强度peak share strength定性评价qualitative estimate长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength定量评价quantitative estimate残余抗剪强度residual shear strength极限平衡法limit equilibrium method负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition摩擦角angle of friction风化weathering内摩擦角angle of internal friction变形deformation外摩擦角angle of external friction位移displacement内聚力cohesion不均匀位移differential movement粘聚力cohesion相对位移relative displacement假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion沉陷settlement粘着力adhesion山崩avalanche, toppling摩尔圆Mohr’s circle崩塌toppling, toppling collapse包络线envelope滑坡、地滑creep, slide休止角angle of repose,切层滑坡insequent landslide angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle深层滑坡deep slide峰值peak浅层滑坡shallow slide模量modulus顺层滑坡consequent landslide弹性模量modulus of elasticity ，滑动面Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulus sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface压缩模量modulus of compressibility滑动带sliding zone变形模量modulus of deformation滑床slide bed卸荷模量unloading modulus滑坡体slide(sliding) mass切线模量tangent modulus古滑坡fossil landslide剪切模量shear modulus推移式滑坡slumping slide割线模量secant modulus牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide旁压模量pressurmeter modulus管涌piping, internal erosion泊松比poisson ’s ration渗漏leakage固结consolidation流砂quicksand固结系数coefficient of consolidation渗流seepage固结度degree of consolidation液化liquefaction超固结比over consolidation ration应变strain7 工程勘察 engineering investigation压缩比compressibility ratio工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation压缩指数compression index工程地质条件engineering geological condition 初始曲线virgin curve工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation 正常固结土normally consolidated soil勘测survey欠固结土under-consolidated soil岩芯采取率 core recovery, core extraction超固结土over-consolidated soil岩芯获得率被动土压力passive earth pressure RQD （岩石质量指标） rock quality designation主动土压力active earth pressure程序（步骤）procedure静止土压力 earth pressure at rest勘察阶段investigational stage覆盖压力overburden pressure选点踏勘reconnaissance初始应力initial stress初步设计primary design地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field初步规划preliminary scheme有效应力effective stress初步勘探preliminary prospecting动应力dynamic stress初步踏勘ground reconnaissance动荷载dynamic load可行性研究阶段feasibility stage偏心荷载eccentric loads初步设计阶段preliminary stage循环荷载inclined loads施工阶段construction sage地应力ground stress, geostatic stress踏勘reconnaissance, inspection初始应力initial stress地质测绘geological survey应力场stress field工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping 纵波longitudinal wave钻探borehole operation, boring液化势liquefaction potential物探geophysical exploration液化指数liquefaction index洞探exploratory adits交角angular钎探rod sounding5钻杆drill rod 坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report鉴定identification, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图 engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图 geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图 geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图 logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger6套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test 标贯试验standard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9 岩土体加固breast, driving face,掌子面heading face, tunnel face顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate 细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment67料场stock ground冻结法freezing method土料earth material超载over break矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag衬砌lining性能function, performance, property, nature围堰cofferdam凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation堤dike合格qualified, on test, up to standard近坝岸坡abutments初凝initial set施工（收缩）缝 construction joint初凝时间initial setting time心墙core终凝final set截水墙cutoff wall配合比mix proportion防渗墙diaphragm wall塌落度slump排水井drainage wells水化热heat of hydration,排水幕drainage curtainhydration heat, setting heat减压井relief wells水灰比water-cement ratio反滤层filter zone粉煤灰fly ash灌浆材料grout梅花状quincuncial pattern水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing喷射shotcrete帷幔线curtain line浇注pouring上游围堰upstream cofferdam钢筋网coiremesh混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall加固reinforce截流interim completion锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt导水墙channel training wall锚索anchored cable正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork锚紧端anchor station消力塘lined plunge pool锚桩anchored peg隔墙divider walls采石场rock quarry混凝土护坦concrete apron开挖excavation副厂房auxiliary power house清基cleanup foundation闸门室gate chamber明挖open-cut中闸室mid gate chamber爆破explosion开关站switch yard光面爆破smooth blasting电梯井elevator shaft预裂法presplitting尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway10水工概论坝址toe of dam11 桥梁及基础工程坝踵heel江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge坝段monolith悬索桥suspension bridge坝顶crest锚碇anchorage坝肩shoulders重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage左坝肩left dam abutment北锚碇前（后）锚面副坝saddle dam front(back) surface of northern anchorage三坝址the third dam site塔墩tower标高height mark墩pier上游水位headwater散索鞍splay saddle正常库水位normal reservoir level猫道footbridge地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)主缆main cable压力隧洞pressure tunnel索股cable strand无压隧洞gravity tunnel主鞍main saddle, tower saddle交通洞access tunnel主跨main span灌浆洞grouting tunnel边跨side span明流洞free-flow tunnel引桥approach孔板洞orifice tunnel钢箱梁steel box main girder排砂洞sediment tunnel埋深embedment depth尾水洞tailrace tunnel北塔墩基础north tower base排水洞drainage tunnel基础foundation, footing导流洞diversion tunnel浅基础shallow foundation隧道tunnel深基础deep foundation围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock联合基础combined footing围岩应力secondary stress static筏形基础raft(mat) foundation应力集中stress concentrate钢模steel form覆盖层over burden桩pile冒顶cave in, roof fall基桩foundation pile底鼓bottom heave群桩pile groups回弹rebound桩基础pile foundation岩爆rock burst桩承台pile cap78高桩承台high-rise pile cap12 监测仪器低桩承台buried pile cap观测孔observation bore/hole摩擦桩friction pile仪器观测instrumentation端承桩end bearing pile读数装置readout device嵌岩桩socketed pile传感器transducer板桩sheet pile探头probe旋喷桩jet-grouted pile压力盒pressure cell灌注桩cast-in-place pile振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile伸长计、变位计extension meter支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles板式沉降仪foundation base/pate刚性桩rigid pile测斜仪inclinometer柔性桩flexible pile测压计，渗压计piezometer侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile垂线plumb轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile垂直度plumbness预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving13 安全监控振动钻进vibratory drilling可靠性检查reliability checking沉箱caisson监控模型monitoring and prediction model沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson监测monitoring地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall资料datum, data支撑bracing可靠性reliability超载surcharge稳定性stability接触应力contact pressure安全safety井点降水well-point dewatering评估evaluation, appraise桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile评定assessment, assess, rate承载力bearing capacity评价准则criterion阻力resistance灾害hazard, calamity桩端阻力end resistance确定性方法论Deterministic methodology表面摩擦力skin friction应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)粘着系数adhesion factor事故accident负摩擦力negative skin friction紧急状态emergency安全系数factor of safety紧急检查emergency inspection压缩层compressed layer灾情等级hazard classification附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress灾害评价hazard evaluation持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer风险评估risk assessment地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure静力（ Static Analysis ）剪切破坏shear failure动力（ Dynamic Analysis ）地基失效foundation failure蠕变（ Creep Material Model ）冲剪破坏punching failure渗流（ Fluid-mechanical Interaction）渐进破坏progressive failure热力学（ Thermal Option ）容许荷载allowable load headward erosion 溯源侵蚀极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity scouring of levee or bank 淘刷沉降settlement strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar沉降差differential settlement weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar尾部倾斜angular distortion of continually aftershocks of7 or 8-degree intensity 倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳定数stability number Evidently明显的路堤embankment Correspondingly adv. 相应地 ;相关地 ; 相同地地基处理ground treatment soil improvement the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault垫层cushion oblique~bedding bank slope加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain专业外语(为方便记忆 ,跟上面稍有重复 )振冲法vibro jet一．综合类81. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载viscoelastic found 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6.stress path 应力路径二．土的分类1. residual soil 残积土groundwater level地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwatertable 地下水位3. clay minerals 粘土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物5. landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8. boulder 漂石9. cobble 卵石10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂12. coarse sand 粗砂13. medium sand 中砂14. fine sand 细砂15. silty sand 粉土16. clayey soil 粘性土17. clay 粘土18. silty clay 粉质粘土19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土21. clayey silt 粘质粉土22. saturated soil 饱和土23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土24. fill (soil) 填土三．土的基本物理力学性质1. c c Compression index2. c u undrained shear strength3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effectiveoverburden stress p 0(c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designatednormally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectivelycohesive strength from vane test natural void ratio plasticity indexcoefficientof “ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stresses σ1and σ 28. K 0’do main for effective stresses σ 1σ2’‘and 9. K 0nK 0 for normally consolidated state 10. K 0uK 0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulatinginstantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclicloading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a912. pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficientandk , k vpermeability in horizontalhvertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count ,standard penetrationtest 14. OCR over-consolidation ratio 15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from 16.oedemeter test effective overburden pressurep17. p s specific cone penetration18. resistance ,from static cone testqunconfined compressive strengthu19. U,U m degree ofconsolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20. u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and mdenote bottom of specimen and mean value,21. respectively natural water content, liquid andwwL wp22. plastic limits, respectively‘and σ ’σ ,σ 2principal stresses, σ112denote effective principal stresses四．渗透性和渗流1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage 渗透（流）7. leakage 渗流8. seepage (force) pressure 渗透压力9. permeability 渗透性10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五．地基应力和变形1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力 3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力 4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度5. low activity 低活性6. sensitivity 灵敏度7. triaxial test 三轴试验8. foundation design 基础设计9. recompaction 再压缩10. bearing capacity 承载力11. soil mass 土体12. contact pressure 接触应力13. concentrated load 集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体15. homogeneous 均质16. isotropic 各向同性17. strip footing 条基18. square spread footing 方形独立基础19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层（土）20. dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载21. live load 活载22. short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载23. long-term transient load 长期荷载24. reduced load 折算荷载25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形26. casing 套管27. dike=dyke 堤（防）28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组94. c vane5. e 06. I p7. K 01029.physical properties 物理性质10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向30.subgrade路基极限承载力31.well-graded soil 级配良好土11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验32.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土12.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承33.sieve 筛子载力34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔 -库仑破坏13.low pile cap 低桩承台条件14.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台35.FEM=finite element method有限元法15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单36.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法桩抗拔极限承载力37.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力16.silent piling 静力压桩38.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力17.uplift pile 抗拔桩39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量18.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数19.pile groups 群桩pression index 压缩指数20.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数42.swelling index 回弹指数（η）43.geostatic stress自重应力21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应44.additional stress 附加应力22.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术45.total stress 总应力23.final set 最后贯入度46.final settlement 最终沉降24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验47.slip line 滑动线25.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验六．基坑开挖与降水26.pile head=butt 桩头1.excavation 开挖（挖方）27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）2.dewatering （基坑）降水28.pile spacing 桩距3.failure of foundation 基坑失稳29.pile plan 桩位布置图4.bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起31.group action 群桩作用6.retaining wall 挡土墙32.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻7.pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻8.dewatering method 降低地下水位法34.pile cushion 桩垫9.well point system 井点系统（轻型）35.pile driving(by vibration)打桩（振动）10.deep well point 深井点36.pile pulling test 拔桩试验11.vacuum well point 真空井点37.pile shoe 桩靴12.braced cuts 支撑围护38.pile noise 打桩噪音braced excavation 支撑开挖39.pile rig 打桩机braced sheeting 支撑挡板八．地基处理（ ground treatment）七．深基础deep foundation 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建1.pile foundation 桩基础筑地基处理技术规范1)cast –in-place 灌注桩 2.cushion 垫层法注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌 3.preloading 预压法4.dynamic compaction 强夯法bored pile 钻孔桩 5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法异型灌注桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控 6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩pile-stone column 砂石桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础桩drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩under-reamed bored pier10.cement column 水泥桩3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩4)steel pile 钢桩12.jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法steel pipe pile 钢管桩13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法steel sheet pile 钢板桩14.lime-soil compaction pile灰土挤密桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩管桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）16.surface compaction表层压实法3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙17.surcharge preloading 超载预压法4.friction pile 摩擦桩vacuum preloading 真空预压法end-bearing pile 端承桩18.sand wick 袋装砂井5.(pile)shaft 桩身19.geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物6.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析posite foundation复合地基7.pile caps 承台（桩帽）21.reinforcement method 加筋法8.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力22.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验23.freezing and heating 冷热处理法10。

地质工程专业英语翻译

地质工程专业英语翻译Unit1 Cosmic Beginnings宇宙的起源地球的历史上是何时何地开始的?只有在过去的几十年里,这个问题才有了一个比较科学的回答来解释。

当然存在一个较好的说法是地球的起源时间是当组成地球的物质在宇宙中开始与太空中组成太阳系其它成员的物质分离的时候。

虽然故事很可能开始在这里,许多重要的问题仍悬而未决。

一些有必要提及的物质构成了地,这将推动更偏远的起源问题。

现在我们知道从其他星球上得到的第一手观察的物理条件，这让我们可以尽早寻求合理的答案，为什么地球是不同于早期火星和月球。

为了理解差异和相似之处,我们必须研究包括太阳的整个太阳系。

为了了解恒星太阳所属的类,我们需要知道更多关于银河系的其他天体。

当我们超过银河系的领域到太空中的其他部分来获得能说明的证据就更不容易了。

现在我们知道（太空中）有很多不同种类的星系，也包括很多像我们一样的。

那么这些不同的种类是怎么开始的然后变得不同的呢？这个问题现在是在天文学研究的最前沿而且很明显它是能够真正理解太阳系的关键。

显然，没有太阳就没有其他行星，没有星系就没有太阳，没有宇宙就没有星系，没有空间和物质也就没有宇宙。

[笔者认为这里倒着翻译从大到小更好一些]因此，我们的关于地球物质起源的探究路线，最终也会带领我们去（探究）空间和物质的起源，这是一个很重大的课题，伴随着很多模糊的和未知或不可知的次要领域。

太阳系在太空中是一个巨大的,平坦的，透镜状的区域，行星和大部分的更小的组件沿着一个几乎完整的面绕着太阳转。

这个结构好比与螺旋星系和土星和它的卫星或不明飞行体一样。

虽然太阳系在细节上也不像这些集合体,但是带有平坦的螺旋圈或旋臂仍然是现代起源理论的起点。

早在1644年，伟大的法国哲学家和数学家笛卡尔就提出了太阳系形成于一团松散的，原始的云状物质。

他认为，太阳和行星是这团物质通过旋转、涡流而成的积聚物。

在1755年，康德考虑了牛顿于1687年描述的万有引力定律后发表了一个更为详细的理论。

地质工程专业英语资料讲解

1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding 层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike精品文档岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained 沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物（层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层）lake deposits海积物（层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny精品文档升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass 结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate, undulating粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression精品文档均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone切割dissection切割的dissected致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation定向排列oriented spread构造应力tectonic stress残余应力residual stress4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions 水文循环hydrologic cycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water液态水liquid water固态水solid water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 扬压力uplift pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure 水力联系hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient 水头损失water head loss渗透途径filtration path, seepage path渗透系数penetration coefficient潜水位water table level水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层aquiclude透水层permeable layer, pervious layer 不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层phreatic aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面bearing surface潜水面phreatic surface, water table浸润线phreatic curve不透水边界impervious boundary地下分水岭groundwater ridge粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层inverted gravel filter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation, saturated潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level 气象因素meteorological factor饱水带zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration 包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water 吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater精品文档occurrence压水试验packer permeability test抽水试验pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则Von Mises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ran king’s earth pressure theory剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation局部剪切破坏local shear failure整体剪切破坏general shear failure岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数factor of safety埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale卓越周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress附加压力superimposed stress应力松弛stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷unload渗透率specific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule, particle颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distribution级配graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity, variation coefficient, variation factor 颗粒分级gradation, size grading孔隙水pore water孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数reduction factor压力消散dissipation of pressure抗力系数coefficient of resistance软化系数softening coefficient含水量water content稠度consistency塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力total stress有效应力effective stress超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度peak share strength长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角angle of friction精品文档内摩擦角angle of internal friction外摩擦角angle of external friction内聚力cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线envelope休止角angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulus of elasticity，Young’s modulus, elastic modulus压缩模量modulus of compressibility变形模量modulus of deformation卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus旁压模量pressurmeter modulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation超固结比over consolidation ration应变strain压缩比compressibility ratio压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index初始曲线virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土under-consolidated soil超固结土over-consolidated soil被动土压力passive earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest覆盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial stress地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field 有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力initial stress应力场stress field 纵波longitudinal wave液化势liquefaction potential液化指数liquefaction index交角angular岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance 容许承载力allowable bearing capacity临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineering geological problem 定性评价qualitative estimate定量评价quantitative estimate极限平衡法limit equilibrium method不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移differential movement相对位移relative displacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche, toppling崩塌toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑creep, slide切层滑坡insequent landslide深层滑坡deep slide浅层滑坡shallow slide顺层滑坡consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带sliding zone滑床slide bed滑坡体slide(sliding) mass古滑坡fossil landslide推移式滑坡slumping slide牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide管涌piping, internal erosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineering investigation工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological精品文档condition工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation勘测survey岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation 程序（步骤）procedure勘察阶段investigational stage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report鉴定identification, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling 泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit 桶式钻头bucket auger钻杆drill rod套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation精品文档反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test) 固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验standard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method 旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法stress relief method 应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面breast, driving face,heading face, tunnel face顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment料场stock ground土料earth material矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag性能function, performance, property, nature凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格qualified, on test, up to standard初凝initial set初凝时间initial setting time终凝final set配合比mix proportion塌落度slump水化热heat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heat水灰比water-cement ratio粉煤灰fly ash梅花状quincuncial pattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt锚索anchored cable锚紧端anchor station锚桩anchored peg采石场rock quarry开挖excavation清基cleanup foundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion精品文档光面爆破smooth blasting预裂法presplitting10 水工概论坝址toe of dam坝踵heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩left dam abutment副坝saddle dam三坝址the third dam site标高height mark上游水位headwater正常库水位normal reservoir level地下洞室underground opening (tunnel) 压力隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞gravity tunnel交通洞access tunnel灌浆洞grouting tunnel明流洞free-flow tunnel孔板洞orifice tunnel排砂洞sediment tunnel尾水洞tailrace tunnel排水洞drainage tunnel导流洞diversion tunnel隧道tunnel围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock 围岩应力secondary stress static应力集中stress concentrate覆盖层over burden冒顶cave in, roof fall底鼓bottom heave回弹rebound岩爆rock burst冻结法freezing method超载over break衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝construction joint心墙core截水墙cutoff wall防渗墙diaphragm wall排水井drainage wells排水幕drainage curtain减压井relief wells反滤层filter zone 灌浆材料grout水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing帷幔线curtain line上游围堰upstream cofferdam混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall截流interim completion导水墙channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘lined plunge pool隔墙divider walls混凝土护坦concrete apron副厂房auxiliary power house闸门室gate chamber中闸室mid gate chamber开关站switch yard电梯井elevator shaft尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge悬索桥suspension bridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩tower墩pier散索鞍splay saddle猫道footbridge主缆main cable索股cable strand主鞍main saddle, tower saddle主跨main span边跨side span引桥approach钢箱梁steel box main girder埋深embedment depth北塔墩基础north tower base基础foundation, footing浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation联合基础combined footing筏形基础raft(mat) foundation钢模steel form桩pile基桩foundation pile群桩pile groups精品文档桩基础pile foundation桩承台pile cap高桩承台high-rise pile cap低桩承台buried pile cap摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile板桩sheet pile旋喷桩jet-grouted pile灌注桩cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles刚性桩rigid pile柔性桩flexible pile侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving振动钻进vibratory drilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contact pressure井点降水well-point dewatering桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile 承载力bearing capacity阻力resistance桩端阻力end resistance表面摩擦力skin friction粘着系数adhesion factor负摩擦力negative skin friction安全系数factor of safety压缩层compressed layer附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer 地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure剪切破坏shear failure地基失效foundation failure冲剪破坏punching failure渐进破坏progressive failure容许荷载allowable load极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity沉降settlement沉降差differential settlement尾部倾斜angular distortion 倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳定数stability number路堤embankment地基处理ground treatment soil improvement垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain振冲法vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔observation bore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readout device传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressure cell振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge伸长计、变位计extension meter板式沉降仪foundation base/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)精品文档精品文档事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergency inspection灾情等级hazard classification灾害评价hazard evaluation风险评估risk assessment静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）蠕变（Creep Material Model）渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）热力学（Thermal Option）headward erosion溯源侵蚀scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault oblique~bedding bank slope精品文档。

岩土工程专业英语

一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short岩土专业英语1vane shear test|十字板剪切试验a semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engin eer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD)consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU)consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strengt h|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundation vi bration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineerin g| 国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low activity|低活性low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile spacing|桩距pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surfa ce|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrin kage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interaction anal ysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of b uilding|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation s oil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singl e pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数yield surface|屈服面zonal soil|区域性土岩土工程专业英语词汇岩土工程专业外语（硕士）一. 综合类1. geotechnical engineering岩土工程2. foundation engineering基础工程3. soil, earth土4. soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5. soil dynamics土动力学6. stress path应力路径7. numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1. residual soil残积土groundwater level 地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3. clay minerals粘土矿物4. secondary minerals次生矿物5. landslides滑坡6. bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8. boulder漂石9. cobble卵石10. gravel砂石11. gravelly sand砾砂12. coarse sand粗砂13. medium sand中砂14. fine sand细砂15. silty sand粉砂16. clayey soil粘性土17. clay粘土18. silty clay粉质粘土19. silt粉土20. sandy silt砂质粉土21. clayey silt粘质粉土22. saturated soil饱和土23. unsaturated soil非饱和土24. fill (soil)填土25. overconsolidated soil超固结土26. normally consolidated soil正常固结土27. underconsolidated soil欠固结土28. zonal soil区域性土29. soft clay软粘土30. expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31. peat泥炭32. loess黄土33. frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1. cc compression index2. cu undrained shear strength3. cu/p0′ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0′(cu/p0)NC, (cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. cvane cohesive strength from vane test5. e0 natural void ratio6. Ip plasticity index7. K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28. K0’domain for effective stressesσ1‘ andσ2’9. K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10. K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K0d K0 coefficient under cyclicloading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12. kh, kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13. N blow count, standard penetration test14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. pc preconsolidation pressure, from oedemeter test16. p0′ effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18. qu unconfined compressive strength19. U, Um degree of consolidation, subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. σ1,σ2 principal stresses,σ1′andσ2′denote effective principal stresses23. Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24. degree of saturation饱和度25. dry unit weight干重度26. moist unit weight湿重度27. saturated unit weight饱和重度28. effective unit weight有效重度29. density密度30. compactness密实度31. maximum dry density最大干密度32. optimum water content最优含水量33. three phase diagram三相图34. tri-phase soil三相土35. soil fraction粒组36. sieve analysis筛分37. hydrometer analysis比重计分析38. uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39. coefficient of gradation级配系数40. fine-grained soil (silty and clayey) 细粒土41. coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy) 粗粒土42. Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43. ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44. AASHO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45. ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1. Darcy’s law达西定律2. piping管涌3. flowing soil流土4. sand boiling砂沸5. flow net流网6. seepage渗透（流）7. leakage渗流8. seepage pressure渗透压力9. permeability渗透性10. seepage force渗透力11. hydraulic gradient水力梯度12. coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1. soft soil软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress有效应力4. total stress总应力5. field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6. low activity低活性7. sensitivity灵敏度8. triaxial test三轴试验9. foundation design基础设计10. recompaction再压缩11. bearing capacity承载力12. soil mass土体13. contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14. concentrated load集中荷载15. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16. homogeneous均质17. isotropic各向同性18. strip footing条基19. square spread footing方形独立基础20. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21. dead load =sustained load恒载(持续荷载)22. live load活载23. short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24. long-term transient load长期荷载25. reduced load折算荷载26. settlement沉降27. deformation变形28. casing套管29. dike=dyke堤（防）30. clay fraction粘粒粒组31. physical properties物理性质32. subgrade路基33. well-graded soil级配良好土34. poorly-graded soil级配不良土35. normal stresses正应力36. shear stresses剪应力37. principal plane主平面38. major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39. Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40. FEM=finite element method有限元法41. limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42. pore water pressure孔隙水压力43. preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44. modulus of compressibility压缩模量45. coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46. compression index压缩指数47. swelling index回弹指数48. geostatic stress自重应力49. additional stress附加应力50. total stress总应力51. final settlement最终沉降52. slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1. pile foundation桩基础1) cast –in-place灌注桩diving casing cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2) belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3) precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4) steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5) prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2. caisson foundation沉井（箱）3. diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4. friction pile摩擦桩5. end-bearing pile端承桩6. shaft竖井；桩身7. wave equation analysis波动方程分析8. pile caps承台（桩帽）9. bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10. lateral load test of pile单桩横向载荷试验11. ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12. static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13. vertical allowable load capacity of single pile单桩竖向容许承载力14. low pile cap低桩承台15. high-rise pile cap高桩承台16. vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17. silent piling静力压桩18. uplift pile抗拔桩19. anti-slide pile抗滑桩20. pile groups群桩21. efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22. efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23. dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24. final set最后贯入度25. dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26. pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27. pile head=butt桩头28. pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29. pile spacing桩距30. pile plan桩位布置图31. arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32. group action群桩作用33. end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34. skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35. pile cushion桩垫36. pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37. pile pulling test拔桩试验38. pile shoe桩靴39. pile noise打桩噪音40. pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1. technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2. cushion垫层法3. preloading预压法4. dynamic compaction强夯法5. dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6. vibroflotation method振冲法7. sand-gravel pile砂石桩8. gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9. cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10. cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11. cement column水泥桩12. lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16. chemical stabilization化学加固法17. surface compaction表层压实法18. surcharge preloading超载预压法19. vacuum preloading真空预压法20. sand wick袋装砂井21. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物22. composite foundation复合地基23. reinforcement method加筋法24. dewatering method降低地下水固结法25. freezing and heating冷热处理法26. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27. ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28. collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29. artificial foundation人工地基30. natural foundation天然地基31. pillow褥垫32. soft clay ground软土地基33. sand drain砂井34. root pile树根桩35. plastic drain塑料排水带36. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1. Terzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2. Barraon’s consolid ation theory巴隆固结理论3. Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4. over consolidation ratio (OCR)超固结比5. overconsolidated soil超固结土6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9. primary consolidation主固结10. secondary consolidation次固结11. degree of consolidation固结度12. consolidation test固结试验13. consolidation curve固结曲线14. time factor Tv时间因子15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1. undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2. residual strength残余强度3. long-term strength长期强度4. peak strength峰值强度5. shear strain rate剪切应变速率6. dilatation剪胀7. effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8. total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9. Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10. angle of internal friction内摩擦角11. cohesion粘聚力12. failure criterion破坏准则13. vane strength十字板抗剪强度14. unconfined compression strength无侧限抗压强度15. effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16. effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1. elastic model弹性模型2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型。

地质工程专业英语演讲

地质工程专业英语演讲地质工程专业英语演讲1、地质工程是研究什么的？What is the geological engineering？Geological engineering is a science, about relationship between engineering and geological body. It includes foundation engineering, geological disaster prevention, geotechnical engineering, survey and design and so on. Engineering usually refers to the upper-work .The Geologic body includs foundation and groundwork.But the upper-warks is under the influence of geologic hazard.2、什么是地质灾害？重点介绍滑坡？Geological disasters is including landslide and mud-rock flow. (泥石流)Because time is short, today I introduces landslide mainly.3、滑坡的危害？Landslide hazard is mainly aimed at engineering and residential areas It destroys residential area, highway and railway.Damaged roads and Cause casualties4、滑坡的形成机理？This is a picture of forming theory.5、滑坡的防治Control methodsThe construction should build against the direction of rock stratum. Before building by the lake or reservoir（水库）, We must do engineering treatment When necessary, artificial reforming（人工处理） is conducted to sliding surface. Do reinforcement at the bottom of the landslide.Filling in the cracks of the landslide timely.。

(完整word版)地质工程专业英语

(完整word 版)地质工程专业英语11地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions 地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions地形 land form地貌 geomorphology ， relief 微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landform unit ， geomorphic unit 坡度 grade地形图 relief map 河谷 river valley 河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully ， gulley ， erosion gully ， stream(brook ）河漫滩 floodplain （valley flat ）阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvial plain 三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course ， fossil stream channel冲积扇 alluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial fan 坡积裙 talus apron 分水岭 divide 盆地 basin 岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞 solution cave, karst cave 落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome （stratum ， strata ）岩性 lithologic character, rock property岩体 rock mass 岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum 母岩 matrix, parent rock 相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock ， film 软质岩 weak rock 硬质的 competent 软质的 incompetent 基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric 覆盖层 overburden 交错层理 cross bedding 层面 bedding plane 片理 schistosity 层理 bedding 板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple —mark 泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物 clay mineral 高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite 伊利石 illite 云母 mica白云母 muscovite 黑云母 biotite 石英 quartz 长石 feldspar 正长石 orthoclase 斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene ， picrite 角闪石 hornblende 方解石 calcite 构造 structure 结构 texture组构 fabric （tissue)矿物组成 mineral composition 结晶质 crystalline 非晶质 amorphous 产状 attitude 火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock 火山岩（熔岩）lava 火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive （invade ） rock 喷出岩 effusive rock 深成岩 plutonic rock 浅成岩 pypabysal rock 酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasic rock岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock 岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith （laccolite) 岩盆 rock lopolith 岩墙 rock dike 岩床 rock sill 岩脉 vein dyke 花岗岩 granite 斑岩 porphyry 玢岩 porphyrite 流纹岩 rhyolite 正长岩 syenite(完整word 版)地质工程专业英语2粗面岩 trachyte 闪长岩 diorite 安山岩 andesite 辉长岩 gabbro 玄武岩 basalt 细晶岩 aplite 伟晶岩 pegmatite 煌斑岩 lamprophyre 辉绿岩 diabase 橄榄岩 dunite 黑曜岩 obsidian 浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock 碎屑岩 clastic rock 粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone 化学岩 chemical rock 生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate 角砾岩 breccia 砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartz sandstone 粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone 页岩 shale 盐岩 saline 石灰岩 limestone 白云岩 dolomite 泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous 泥砂岩 argillo —arenaceous 砂质 arenaceous 泥质 argillaceous 硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter 粗粒 coarse grain 中粒 medium —grained 沉积物 sediment （deposit ）漂石、顽石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel 砂 sand 粉土 silt 粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain 砂质粘土 sandy clay 粘质砂土 clayey sand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam 浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil ）黄土 loess 红土 laterite 泥灰 peat 软泥 ooze 淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge ， warp clay 冲积物（层） alluvion 冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial 坡积物（层） deluvium 残积物(层) eluvium 残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eolian deposits 湖积物（层） lake deposits 海积物(层） marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift ）deposits崩积物（层） colluvial deposits ， colluvium 残积粘土 residual clay 变质岩 metamorphic rock 板岩 slate 千枚岩 phyllite 片岩 schist 片麻岩 gneiss 石英岩 quartzite 大理岩 marble 糜棱岩 mylonite 混合岩 migmatite 碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologic structure 结构构造 structural texture 大地构造 geotectonic 构造运动 tectogenesis 造山运动 orogeny升降运动 vertical movement 水平运动 horizontal movement 完整性 perfection （integrity) 起伏度 waviness 尺寸效应 size effect围压效应 confining pressure effect 产状要素 elements of attitude 产状 attitude ， orientation 走向 strike 倾向 dip倾角 dip angle ， angle of dip 褶皱 fold 褶曲 fold单斜 monocline(完整word 版)地质工程专业英语3向斜 syncline 背斜 anticline 穹隆 dome 挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘 bottom wall ， footwall ， lower wall断距 separation 相交 intersect 断层 fault正断层 normal fault 逆断层 reversed fault 平移断层 parallel fault层理 bedding ， stratification 微层理 light stratification 地堑 graben地垒 horst ， fault ridge 断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage ， fault gouge 擦痕 stria, striation 断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone 节理 joint节理组 joint set裂隙 fissure ， crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 original joint 次生裂隙 epigenetic joint 张裂隙 tension joint 剪裂隙 shear joint 卸荷裂隙 relief crack裂隙率 fracture porosity 结构类型 structural pattern 岩体结构 rock mass structure 岩块 block mass结构体 structural element 块度 blockness结构面 structural plane 软弱结构面 weak plane 临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastic texture 板状结构 platy structure 薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive 层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick —laminated 薄层状的 finely laminated软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer 夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed ， interlayer ，intermediate layer夹泥层 clayey intercalation 夹泥 inter —clay 连通性 connectivity 切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone 完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. & a. degree of integrality 破碎 crumble 胶结 cement泥化 argillization 尖灭 taper-out 错动 diastrophism错动层面 faulted bedding plane 断续的 intermittent 破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugated joint 散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shaped a. 岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings ， debris 薄膜 membrane ， film 层理 stratification 高角度 high dip angle 缓倾角 low dip angle 反倾 anti —dip互层 interbed v 。

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地质工程专业英语集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN]1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphicunit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvial plain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇 alluvial fan洪积扇 diluvial fan坡积裙 talus apron分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性 lithologic character, rock property岩体 rock mass岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric 覆盖层 overburden交错层理 cross bedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals粘土矿物 clay mineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineral composition结晶质 crystalline非晶质 amorphous产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock喷出岩 effusive rock深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasic rock岩基 rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite)岩盆 rock lopolith岩墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite斑岩 porphyry玢岩 porphyrite流纹岩 rhyolite正长岩 syenite粗面岩 trachyte闪长岩 diorite安山岩 andesite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt细晶岩 aplite伟晶岩 pegmatite煌斑岩 lamprophyre辉绿岩 diabase橄榄岩 dunite黑曜岩 obsidian浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartz sandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous 泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous 砂质 arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter 粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandy clay粘质砂土 clayey sand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil)黄土 loess红土 laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物（层）eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层）lake deposits海积物（层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits 崩积物（层） colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土 residual clay变质岩 metamorphic rock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble糜棱岩 mylonite混合岩 migmatite碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologic structure结构构造 structural texture大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny升降运动 vertical movement水平运动 horizontal movement完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 waviness尺寸效应 size effect围压效应 confining pressure effect 产状要素 elements of attitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘 bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed fault平移断层 parallel fault层理 bedding, stratification微层理 light stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 original joint次生裂隙 epigenetic joint 张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 relief crack裂隙率 fracture porosity结构类型 structural pattern岩体结构 rock mass structure岩块 block mass结构体 structural element块度 blockness结构面 structural plane软弱结构面 weak plane临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastic texture板状结构 platy structure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated 薄层状的 finely laminated软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer 夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality 破碎 crumble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faulted bedding plane 断续的 intermittent破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugated joint 散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shaped a.岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings, debris薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的 unplanar波状起伏的 undulate, undulating粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous剪切错动面 shear faulted, bedding zone 切割 dissection切割的 dissected致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 fault breccia方解石脉 calcite vein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidation定向排列 oriented spread构造应力 tectonic stress残余应力 residual stress4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions 水文循环 hydrologic cycle大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surface runoff地下径流 subsurface runoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainage area, river basin area汇水面积 catchment area地下水 ground water, subsurface water地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour) water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water上层滞水 perched water潜水 phreatic water承压水 confined water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 pore water pressure渗透压力 osmotic pressure, seepage force扬压力 uplift pressure静水压力 hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 external water pressure内水压力 internal water pressure水力联系 hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient水头损失 water head loss渗透途径 filtration path, seepage path渗透系数 penetration coefficient潜水位 water table level水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard滞水层 aquiclude透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面 bearing surface潜水面 phreatic surface, water table浸润线 phreatic curve不透水边界 impervious boundary地下分水岭 groundwater ridge粘滞性 viscosity富水性 abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层 inverted gravel filter水锈 incrustation渗滴 seep饱和 saturation, saturated潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level气象因素 meteorological factor饱水带 zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration包气带水 aeration zone water上层滞水 perched water孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水 bound water, combined water 吸着水 hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验 packer permeability test抽水试验 pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则 yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield criteria 朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory剑桥模型 Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型 Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation 局部剪切破坏local shear failure整体剪切破坏general shear failure 岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass安全系数factor of safety埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity 地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale卓越周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress 附加压力superimposed stress应力松弛stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷 unload渗透率specific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule,particle颗粒级配 distribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distribution级配 graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factor颗粒分级gradation, size grading 孔隙水 pore water孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度 density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数 reduction factor压力消散 dissipation of pressure抗力系数 coefficient of resistance软化系数 softening coefficient含水量 water content稠度 consistency塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变 rheological蠕变 creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的 elastic粘弹性 viso-elasticity弹塑性 elasto-plasticity压缩性 compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力 total stress有效应力 effective stress超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure孔隙水压力 pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度 shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度peak share strength长期抗剪强度long-term shearstrength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength 负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角 angle of friction内摩擦角angle of internalfriction外摩擦角angle of externalfriction内聚力cohesion粘聚力 cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力 adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线 envelope休止角 angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle峰值 peak模量 modulus弹性模量 modulus of elasticity，Young’s modulus, elastic modulus压缩模量 modulus of compressibility 变形模量 modulus of deformation卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus旁压模量pressurmeter modulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结 consolidation固结系数 coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation 超固结比 over consolidation ration 应变 strain压缩比 compressibility ratio压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility压缩指数 compression index初始曲线 virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土under-consolidated soil 超固结土over-consolidated soil 被动土压力passive earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest覆盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial stress地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力 ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力 initial stress应力场 stress field纵波longitudinal wave液化势liquefaction potential 液化指数liquefaction index交角angular岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance容许承载力allowable bearing capacity临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题 engineering geological problem定性评价 qualitative estimate定量评价 quantitative estimate极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method不良地质现象 unfavorable geological condition风化 weathering变形 deformation位移 displacement不均匀位移differential movement相对位移relative displacement 沉陷 settlement山崩 avalanche, toppling崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse 滑坡、地滑 creep, slide切层滑坡 insequent landslide深层滑坡 deep slide浅层滑坡 shallow slide顺层滑坡 consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带 sliding zone滑床 slide bed滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass古滑坡 fossil landslide推移式滑坡 slumping slide牵引式滑坡 retrogressive slide管涌 piping, internal erosion渗漏 leakage流砂 quicksand渗流 seepage液化 liquefaction7工程勘察 engineering investigation工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation勘测survey岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction 岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation程序（步骤）procedure勘察阶段investigational stage 选点踏勘 reconnaissance初步设计 primary design初步规划 preliminary scheme初步勘探 preliminary prospecting初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration 洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnical investigation report鉴定identification, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit 螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit 冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger钻杆drill rod套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole 钻进 drilling平硐 adit竖井 shaft钻探 drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验 compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验 uniaxial compression test 现场剪切试验 in-situ shear test单剪试验 simple shear test直剪试验 direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验 triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验 triaxial compression test 动三轴试验 dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrainedtest(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验 consolidated drainedtest(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验 cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验 standard penetration test十字板剪切试验 vane shear test, vanetest检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法 stress relief method应力恢复法 stress recovery method套孔法 over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面breast, driving face, heading face, tunnel face顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment料场stock ground土料earth material矿渣 cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag性能 function, performance, property, nature凝结 coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格qualified, on test, up to standard初凝initial set初凝时间initial setting time终凝final set配合比mix proportion塌落度slump水化热 heat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heat 水灰比water-cement ratio粉煤灰fly ash梅花状quincuncial pattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt 锚索anchored cable锚紧端anchor station锚桩anchored peg采石场rock quarry开挖excavation清基cleanup foundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion光面爆破smooth blasting预裂法presplitting10 水工概论坝址toe of dam坝踵 heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩left dam abutment副坝saddle dam三坝址the third dam site标高height mark上游水位headwater正常库水位normal reservoir level地下洞室 underground opening (tunnel)压力隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞gravity tunnel交通洞access tunnel灌浆洞grouting tunnel明流洞free-flow tunnel孔板洞orifice tunnel排砂洞sediment tunnel尾水洞tailrace tunnel排水洞drainage tunnel导流洞diversion tunnel隧道 tunnel围岩 surrounding rock, ambient rock围岩应力 secondary stress static应力集中 stress concentrate覆盖层 over burden冒顶 cave in, roof fall底鼓 bottom heave回弹 rebound岩爆 rock burst冻结法 freezing method超载 over break衬砌 lining围堰 cofferdam堤 dike近坝岸坡 abutments施工（收缩）缝 construction joint心墙 core截水墙 cutoff wall防渗墙diaphragm wall排水井drainage wells排水幕 drainage curtain减压井relief wells反滤层filter zone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂 hydraulic fracturing帷幔线curtain line上游围堰upstream cofferdam混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall截流interim completion导水墙channel training wall 正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘lined plunge pool隔墙divider walls混凝土护坦concrete apron副厂房auxiliary power house 闸门室gate chamber中闸室mid gate chamber开关站switch yard电梯井elevator shaft尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge悬索桥suspension bridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚 gravity socketed anchorage 北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩tower墩 pier散索鞍splay saddle猫道footbridge 主缆main cable索股cable strand主鞍main saddle, tower saddle主跨main span边跨side span引桥approach钢箱梁steel box main girder 埋深 embedment depth北塔墩基础north tower base基础 foundation, footing浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation联合基础 combined footing筏形基础raft(mat) foundation钢模steel form桩pile基桩foundation pile群桩pile groups桩基础pile foundation桩承台 pile cap高桩承台 high-rise pile cap低桩承台 buried pile cap摩擦桩 friction pile端承桩 end bearing pile嵌岩桩 socketed pile板桩 sheet pile旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile灌注桩 cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 driven cast-in-place pile 支护桩 soldier piles, tangent piles刚性桩rigid pile柔性桩flexible pile侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile预制桩precast concrete pile 振动打桩 vibratory pile driving振动钻进 vibratory drilling沉箱 caisson沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson地下连续墙 diaphragm wall, slurry wall 支撑 bracing超载 surcharge接触应力 contact pressure井点降水 well-point dewatering桩极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of pile承载力 bearing capacity阻力 resistance桩端阻力 end resistance表面摩擦力 skin friction粘着系数 adhesion factor负摩擦力 negative skin friction安全系数 factor of safety压缩层 compressed layer附加应力 additional stress, superimposed stress持力层 bearing layer, sustaining layer地基土 foundation soil, subsoil 临塑压力 critical pressure剪切破坏 shear failure地基失效 foundation failure冲剪破坏 punching failure渐进破坏 progressive failure容许荷载 allowable load极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity 沉降 settlement沉降差 differential settlement尾部倾斜 angular distortion倾斜 tilting坑底隆起 bottom heave静止土压力 earth pressure at rest稳定数 stability number路堤 embankment地基处理 ground treatment soil improvement垫层 cushion加固 stabilization注浆 injection灌浆 guniting帷幕 curtain挡土墙 retaining wall锚固 anchoring喷浆 guniting锚杆 earth anchor盲沟 French drain振冲法 vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔 observation bore/hole仪器观测 instrumentation读数装置 readout device传感器 transducer探头 probe压力盒 pressure cell 振弦式应变计 vibrating wire strain gauge 伸长计、变位计 extension meter板式沉降仪 foundation base/pate测斜仪 inclinometer测压计，渗压计 piezometer垂线 plumb垂直度 plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型 monitoring and prediction model监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估 evaluation, appraise评定 assessment, assess, rate评价准则 criterion灾害 hazard, calamity确定性方法论 Deterministic methodology应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan)事故 accident紧急状态 emergency紧急检查 emergency inspection灾情等级 hazard classification灾害评价 hazard evaluation风险评估 risk assessment静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）蠕变（Creep Material Model）渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）热力学（Thermal Option）headward erosion溯源侵蚀scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope。