飓风VS龙卷风【英文】
每日一问43：龙卷风，飓风，台风的成因有什么不同？
每日一问43：龙卷风，飓风，台风的成因有什么不同？龙卷风，飓风，台风都是破坏力巨大的风，其中台风和飓风都指是极端强烈的热带气旋，国际上就是约定俗成地大西洋叫hurricane （飓风），西北太平洋叫typhoon（台风）。
台风相对龙卷风而言，尺度更大，覆盖范围更广。
台风龙卷风台风作为一种热带气旋，主要组成是一团旋转的热水汽团。
当海洋上的光照充足时，海水蒸发，在海面上形成大量的水汽，水汽向上空移动时，四周的冷空气过来补充，同时也会受热携带海面蒸发水汽继续上升，形成一个热带低压中心。
此时海面上空的水汽遇冷凝结，放热，低压中心温度升高，气压降低，热水气团向外扩张，直径变大。
在地球自转（地转偏向力）的作用下，热水汽团开始旋转，风速也越来越大，形成台风。
龙卷风一般是在雷暴雨天气下形成的快速旋转的空气柱。
龙卷风的形成一般可以分为四个阶段：首先是在风暴云的凝结过程中，空气中的水汽凝结放热，热量推动气流上升，水汽凝结越多，风暴云越大，上升气流也越强，同时在风暴云的底部形成富含水汽的云基；龙卷风的形成需要极其强大的上升气团，并且在气团上升的过程中，气团可以改变方向，并且更快的移动，由于受到垂直方向风的影响，上升气团在中部开始旋转，形成中度气旋，并且不断上升；外部干冷的空气在中度气旋的带动下旋转下沉，形成后侧下沉气旋，造成气旋内外较大的温度差异，内部温度越高，越能推动内侧气团上升，使得风力增强，带动更多的外部空气进入后侧下沉气旋，形成漏斗状的风暴云；漏斗状的风暴云向天空和地面延伸，当风暴足够大到底部接触地面，上部接触云基时，漏斗状的风暴形成柱状空气柱，形成龙卷风。
比较两者的起因发现，台风和龙卷风的形成都离不开上升气流的形成，台风的上升气流来源于海面阳光照射引起的温差，龙卷风的上升气流一般来源于风暴云凝结时放热引起的温差，台风的旋转动力主要来源于地球的自转，而龙卷风的旋转主要来源于空气扰动。
参考：1.龙卷风是如何形成的？ - 知乎2.《Stone小知识》--台风过境回答：勿用编辑：yrLewis。
台风和飓风区别英语作文
台风和飓风区别英语作文The Distinction between Typhoons and HurricanesTyphoons and hurricanes are both powerful tropical cyclonic storms that can cause significant damage and disruption, but there are distinct differences between the two. Understanding the key distinctions is crucial for individuals and communities to prepare for and respond to these natural disasters effectively.One of the primary differences between typhoons and hurricanes lies in their geographic location. Typhoons are tropical cyclones that occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, typically affecting regions such as East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines. In contrast, hurricanes are tropical cyclones that form in the Atlantic Ocean, the northeastern Pacific Ocean, or the central North Pacific Ocean, primarily impacting the eastern and central United States, the Caribbean, and Central America.Another critical distinction between typhoons and hurricanes is the terminology used to describe them. In the northwestern Pacific, these powerful storms are referred to as "typhoons," while in the Atlantic and northeastern Pacific, they are called "hurricanes." Thisdifference in terminology reflects the regional variations in the naming conventions used by meteorological agencies and organizations.The intensity of these storms is another key factor that sets them apart. Typhoons and hurricanes are both measured on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which categorizes them based on their maximum sustained wind speeds. However, the thresholds for each category can vary slightly between the two regions. For example, a Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic or northeastern Pacific has maximum sustained winds of 157 mph (252 km/h) or higher, while a Category 5 typhoon in the northwestern Pacific has maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) or higher.The formation and development of typhoons and hurricanes also differ in some aspects. Typhoons typically form over the warm waters of the western Pacific Ocean, near the equator, and often move in a northwesterly direction. In contrast, hurricanes typically form over the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean or the Caribbean Sea and often move in a northwesterly or northerly direction.Another key difference is the impact of these storms on the surrounding regions. Typhoons, due to their location in the northwestern Pacific, often affect densely populated areas in East Asia and Southeast Asia, where preparedness and response effortscan be crucial in mitigating the loss of life and property. Hurricanes, on the other hand, primarily impact the eastern and central United States, the Caribbean, and Central America, regions with varying levels of infrastructure and resources to cope with these natural disasters.In terms of the overall impact, both typhoons and hurricanes can be devastating, causing widespread destruction, flooding, and loss of life. However, the specific effects can vary depending on factors such as the storm's intensity, the region's vulnerability, and the local infrastructure's ability to withstand the impacts.In conclusion, while typhoons and hurricanes share many similarities as powerful tropical cyclonic storms, there are distinct differences in their geographic location, terminology, intensity thresholds, formation and development patterns, and the regions they primarily impact. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for individuals, communities, and governments to develop effective preparedness and response strategies to mitigate the devastating effects of these natural disasters.。
飓风英语
Two : maximum sustained winds :43-49 m / s 96-110 mph 83-95 kt 154-177 km / h
Typical Hurricane : Hurricane Bob - Hurricane Bonnie - Hurricane Frances - Hurricane Juan
Three : maximum sustained winds :50-58 m / s 111-130 mph 96-113 kt 178-209 km / h
Storm surge :6-8 ft 1.8-2.4 m
Minimum central pressure :28.50-28 .91 inHg 965-979 mbar
Potential Damage : Partial roof materials , doors and windows damaged , vegetation may be damaged. Floods may be a breakthrough that unprotected berth marina and boat would be threatened .
Storm surge : ≥ 19 ft ≥ 5.5 m
Minimum central pressure : <27.17 inHg <920 mbar
Potential Damage : Most of the buildings and roofs of houses were completely destroyed , some of the houses was completely blown away. Floods affected a wide range of areas , all buildings water near the coast , the settlers might need to evacuate.
飓风极端天气词汇（中英）
飓风“桑迪”热词飓风“桑迪”于美国东部时间29日晚8时许(北京时间30日上午8时许)在美国新泽西州海岸登陆。
目前“桑迪”仍在纽约等地肆虐。
Hurricane Sandy, one of the biggest storms ever to hit the United States, lashed the densely populated East Coast on Monday, shutting down transportation, forcing evacuations in flood-prone areas and interrupting the presidential campaign.飓风“桑迪”于周一席卷了人口密集的东海岸，致使交通停运、有洪灾风险的地区被迫清空，同时也使总统竞选活动受到影响。
“桑迪”是美国历史上最大的风暴之一。
Hurricane Sandy（飓风“桑迪”）带来的fierce winds（强风）、heavy rainfall（强降雨）和flooding（洪水）导致不少地区出现long power outages（长时间停电）情况，美国联邦政府、学校以及股市均因飓风关闭。
纽约、华盛顿、费城等population center（人口中心）均为“桑迪”的target area（袭击目标）。
有风险预测公司称，此次飓风造成的economic loss（经济损失）可能高达200亿美元。
台风（typhoon）和飓风（hurricane）是热带气旋（tropical cyclone）中强度最强的一级，因所在海域不同而名称各异，发生在印度洋和大西洋上的称为飓风．发生在西北太平洋上的叫台风。
相关词汇:typhoon 台风high wind 狂风tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical depression 热带低压eye 风眼heavy rain 大雨、暴雨torrential rain 倾盆大雨storm track 风暴路径orange alert 橙色预警red alert 红色预警safety precaution 安全预防措施tropical storm 热带风暴ebb away 衰退，渐逝power line 输电线warning system 报警系统traffic safety 交通（行车）安全early warning 早期预警densely-populated 人口密集的evacuation 撤离、疏散coastal areas 沿海地区direct economic loss 直接经济损失emergency response plan 应急预案breached dike 决口堤岸landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流transport infrastructure 交通基本设施Central Meteorological Office 中央气象局National Disaster Reduction Committee 国家减灾委员会flood control and drought relief headquarters 防洪抗旱总指挥部National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center 国家海洋环境预报中心sea dyke 海堤spill of toxic chemicals 有毒化学品泄漏container storage area 集装箱储放区high wave 狂浪development zone 开发区border protection troops 边防支队provincial meteorological observatory 省级气象台precipitation level 降雨量skirt 绕过passenger liners 定期客船极端天气词汇Terms and expressions about extreme weather extreme weather 极端天气adverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather沙尘天气forestation 植树造林Three-North Shelter Forestation Project “三北防护林”工程arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer秋老虎weather modification人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfall enhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象台风名字起源及2012年台风命名表一览简介西北太平洋地区是世界上台风（热带风暴）活动最频繁的地区，每年登陆我国就有六、七个之多。
Tornadoes_龙卷风
龙卷风湖南长沙市长沙县玮思学校 王 莹 编译What are tornadoes?什么是龙卷风？Tornadoes, also called twisters, are vertical funnels of rapidly spinning air.龙卷风也叫旋风，是垂直的漏斗状高速旋转的气流。
Tornadoes form when warm, humid air mix with cold, dry air. Tornadoes are born in thunderstorms and often come with hail.龙卷风形成于温暖、潮湿的空气与寒冷、干燥的空气对流时，是云层中雷暴的产物，同时常常伴有冰雹天气。
Where and when?什么时候，在哪里？These dangerous storms occur around the world, but the United States is a place with the most, with about 1000 tornadoes every year.这样危险的风暴在全世界范围内都会出现，但美国是龙卷风的高发地，每年约出现1000次。
Tornadoes can occur at any time of year, but they are more common from early spring to summer. Although they can form at any time of the day or night, most tornadoes form in the late afternoon.龙卷风在一年中的任何时候都有可能形成，但最常出现的时间段是早春到夏季之间。
尽管在一天之中，白天和夜里都有可能出现龙卷风，但大多数的龙卷风形成于傍晚时分。
Duration and Speed持续时间和时速When a tornado hits the ground, it may live for as little as a few seconds or as long as three hours. The average twister is about 200 meters wide and moves about 48 km/h. Most don’t travel more than 10 km before stopping.当龙卷风击中地面时，它可能会持续几秒钟，也可能会长达3个小时。
-英语作文-飓风(Hurricane)_小学英语作
英语作文:飓风(Hurricane)_小学英语作文--It is just a story that come out of my dream this wee hours.She has a rich father, but escaped from the family. Independence is what she cry for, while she is blind at the reality of this huge society.I believe she will regret soon.She is so sweet that she found a job easily after left home--she worked in a bar, dressing in a bunny-tail. Born as a elegant lady, she quitted when a old man tried to touch her. And then she met her Mr. Right, on the cold and cold street corner, when she was almost hungry to death.They have so much experience in common, except her father is more wealthy than his. Naturally they fall in love with each other. He never tell she what he do to make a living on, as it is not glorious. His boss is a hotelkeeper, who taked him in when he claimed he would not pay a coin for a meal he had just enjoyed. In other words, he paid the dinner with his life.What he have to do is just staring at the opponent, holding a pistol--or a machine gun-- in his hand. He is not a killer, and the bosswon't concent too. They just extort, while an unlucky guest's privacy get caught by the hidden camera in the hotelroom. God knows why there are so many unlucky guys. (英语作文网收集整理)It is a lovely night. Stars are shining in the sky, like sums of diamonds. Wind whispers at the two lovers' ears, along with their sweet words. She and he is having a date in the near open country.It's truly late, and his car is out of gas, so they attempt to hitchhike. It’s too long a time for a car passing by, and he decide to do everything to catch this restless car. He run into the road, waving hands, uttering loudly. The car have to stop, and come down a panic husty man, who can even not speak a word whole.'G-get a-away fro-om...'the man is rather excited.'But sir, you see, we beg you a ride' he explain patiently.'No-o way! I-I've to be hu-urry..''Do me a favor please...'But the man burst out and seize her suddenly, putting a clasp knife on her delicate neck. The man getting insane cried crazily:' get your ass off my way, your fu--'The mad man have no chance to complete his statement, because heshoot through the right center of his brow with the pistol witch have been pointed on lots of people.(整理:)A serious man's voice come to their ears from the vehicle radio:’the tornado will arrive half an hour later. We suggest...'Regaining his mind again, he take her arm and push her in the car:' hurry up. Drive off. And back home to your family.''How about you!' she cried.'You go! Alone! Quick!''No!' she grasp the car door, not let it shut.' come with me! You had no intention. you can be innocent.''Listen, I will never go. I have to face my life. I'm always taking it for that I just stand by a road forking and have not decide my direction, but now I have realized that I've walked so far on a blind lane. I have no way back.'。
飓风和龙卷风有什么区别？
飓风和龙卷风有什么区别？
飓风和龙卷风是两种不同类型的气象现象，尤其在自然灾害领域，它们可谓是非常臭名昭著的存在。
很多人容易混淆这两者之间的差别，今天我们就来一起探讨一下它们的区别。
一、主要形成原因
1. 飓风：飓风是由暴风圈引起的急剧气旋性气流，通常是在热带海洋地区形成的。
当空气上升并在一定高度形成立体气旋时，风速会迅速加快，形成飓风。
2. 龙卷风：龙卷风，也称龙卷风，是由低层大气中的暴力对流所引起的突然爆发，中心呈强烈的漩涡状并带有很强的垂直上升气流，是狭长的、快速旋转的气流。
二、形态和特点
1. 飓风：飓风的直径通常有200-500千米，风速可以达到每小时120公里以上，空气旋转的中心通常有一片宽阔的无风区，叫做“眼”。
2. 龙卷风：龙卷风就像一个巨大的漏斗，上部宽而下部窄，其直径一般为50-1000米，上升的气流会形成高速旋转的暴风漩涡，被喻为“空气上的锯齿”。
三、危害和影响
1. 飓风：飓风所带来的风暴潮、风雨等灾害，经常导致人员伤亡和财
产损失。
2. 龙卷风：龙卷风可以造成各种危害，如摧毁建筑物，拔起树木和电
线杆，破坏农作物等。
四、应对措施
1. 飓风：由于飓风的预警机制相对成熟，人们比较容易获得相关信息，可以提前采取措施，如紧急疏散，准备充足的食物和水等。
2. 龙卷风：由于龙卷风的突发性，应急措施相对有限，一旦遭遇龙卷风，应迅速就地避难，躲避在坚固的建筑物内等等。
综上所述，尽管两者都是自然灾害的代表，但其特征和危害各异，人
们还是需要了解它们之间的差别，并且在面对突发事件时提前做好准
备和防范。
台风和飓风和龙卷风的区别
台风：台风是热带气旋的一个类别。
在气象学上，按世界气象组织定义：热带气旋中心持续风速达到12级（即每秒32.7米或以上）称为飓风（hurricane）或本地近义字（local synonym），飓风的名称使用在北大西洋及东太平洋；而北太平洋西部（赤道以北，国际日期线以西，东经100度以东）使用的近义字是台风（typhoon）。
在台湾、日本等地，则将中心持续风速每秒17.2米以上的热带气旋（包括世界气象组织定义中的热带风暴、强烈热带风暴和台风）皆称为台风。
在非正式场合，“台风”甚至泛指包括热带低气压、热带风暴、强烈热带风暴和台风等所有在北太平洋西部出现的热带气旋。
龙卷风：龙卷风，又称龙卷、龙吸水等，是一种相当猛烈的天气现象，由快速旋转并造成直立中空管状的气流形成。
龙卷风大小不一，但形状一般都呈上大下小的漏斗状，“漏斗”上接积雨云（极少数情况下为积云云底），下部一般与地面接触并且时常被一团尘土或碎片残骸等包围。
大多数龙卷风直径约75米，风速在64千米每小时至177千米每小时之间，可横扫数千米。
还有一些龙卷风风速可超过480千米每小时，直径达1.6千米以上，移动路经超过100公里。
龙卷风和台风时速：龙卷风是一种伴随着高速旋转的漏斗状云柱的强风涡旋。
龙卷风中心附近风速可达100m/s～200m/s，最大300m/s，比台风近中心最大风速大好几倍。
中心气压很低，一般可低至400hPa，最低可达200hPa。
1979年10月12日，位于西北太平洋上的泰培中心风速每小时306km，最低气压870hPa，环流宽2174km，足以遮蔽半个美国。
飓风一词源自加勒比海言语的恶魔Hurican，亦有说是玛雅人神话中创世众神的其中一位，就是雷暴与旋风之神Hurakan。
而台风一词则源自希腊神话中大地之母盖亚之子Typhon，它是一头长有一百个龙头的魔物，传说其孩子就是可怕的大风。
至于中文“台风”一词，有人说源于日语，亦有人说来自中国。
飓风 hurricane
飓风hurricaneThe center of Hurricane Irma has made landfall on mainland Florida, just south of Naples, with winds of up to 105mph (169km/h) but has since been downgraded to a category two storm.飓风“艾玛”的中心已在佛罗里达州那不勒斯以南地区登陆，风速达每小时169公里，不过登陆时风力已减弱为二级风暴。
More than 2.5 million homes in the state are without power, and parts of the city of Miami are under water.佛罗里达州超过250万户家庭断电，迈阿密部分城区被淹。
Three storm-related deaths have been reported in Florida.该州已接到三起飓风相关的死亡报告。
关于风暴，我们经常听到3个意思相近的词：tornado、typhoon、hurricane。
tornado即龙卷风，主要发生在陆地上。
Typhoon和hurricane其实是一回事，都是热带气旋，只是飓风名称的使用多在北大西洋及东太平洋，所以我们经常听到美国发生飓风，如2005年著名的Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）和2012年的Hurricane Sandy（桑迪飓风），以及这次的Hurricane Irma（飓风“艾玛”）；而北太平洋西部使用的词是typhoon，于是我国就习惯称台风。
英文中描述台风或飓风“登陆”的表达为make landfall，而我们通常听到的“台风减弱为热带风暴”可以用weaken to tropical storm来表示，也可以像上文的例句一样用downgrade to a category X storm（减弱为X级风暴）。
飓风英语作文
飓风英语作文Hurricane English。
A hurricane is a powerful tropical storm that can cause immense damage to coastal areas. These storms are characterized by strong winds, heavy rains, and storm surges that can flood low-lying areas. Hurricanes are also known as typhoons or cyclones, depending on where they occur in the world.The formation of a hurricane begins with a low-pressure system over warm ocean waters. As the warm air rises, it cools and condenses into clouds, releasing heat energy that fuels the storm. As the storm grows, it begins to rotate due to the Coriolis effect, which is caused by the Earth's rotation. The storm can continue to intensify as long as it remains over warm water and has access to moist air.Hurricanes are classified by their wind speed using the Saffir-Simpson scale. Category 1 hurricanes have winds of74-95 mph, while Category 5 hurricanes have winds of over 157 mph. The higher the category, the more dangerous the storm can be. In addition to high winds, hurricanes canalso cause flooding from heavy rain and storm surges. Storm surges occur when the wind pushes water toward the shore, causing a rise in sea level that can flood coastal areas.Preparing for a hurricane is essential for those living in coastal areas. Residents should have an emergency planin place, including evacuation routes and supplies such as food, water, and first aid kits. It is also important to secure homes and buildings by boarding up windows and doors, and bringing in outdoor furniture and other loose items.During a hurricane, it is important to stay indoors and away from windows and doors. If flooding occurs, residents should move to higher ground and avoid driving through flooded areas. After the storm has passed, it is importantto wait for authorities to give the all-clear before returning to damaged areas.In conclusion, hurricanes are powerful and dangerousstorms that can cause immense damage to coastal areas. Itis important for residents to prepare for these storms by having an emergency plan in place and securing their homes. By taking these precautions, we can minimize the damage caused by hurricanes and keep ourselves and our communities safe.。
飓风与龙卷风
Hurricanes
• A tropical storm becomes a hurricane when its winds exceed 73 mph.
Hurricane Categories
• • • • • Category 1 – Winds between 74- 95 mph Category 2 – Winds between 96- 110 mph Category 3 – Winds between 111-130 mph Category 4 – Winds between 131-155 mph Category 5 – Winds above 156 mph
飓风与龙卷风 Hurricanes and Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Formation of a Hurricane
• Hurricanes are storms that form over tropical waters. The hurricanes that affect the eastern coast of the United States form off the western coast of Africa where the water is warm, the air is humid, and the winds converge.
Tropical Disturbance
• Hurricanes start out as a group of storms that begin to rotate when they meet converging winds. These storms create violent seas that send more moisture into the air. The water vapor rises and helps the wind increase in speed. If the storm holds itself together for 24 hours, we call it a tropical disturbance.
极端天气龙卷风的英语作文
极端天气龙卷风的英语作文Extreme Weather: Tornadoes。
Introduction。
Extreme weather events have become increasingly common in recent years, causing significant damage and loss of life. One such extreme weather phenomenon is the tornado, a violent and destructive rotating column of air that is often accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud. In this essay, we will explore the nature of tornadoes, their formation, and the devastating impact they can have on communities.Definition and Characteristics。
A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are typically characterized by a visible condensation funnel, which is the result of the water vaporpresent in the air being cooled and condensed by the low pressure and rapid air movement within the tornado. Tornadoes are known for their extreme wind speeds, whichcan reach up to 300 miles per hour (480 kilometers per hour) or more. These powerful winds, along with the debris that they pick up, make tornadoes a highly destructive force of nature.Formation。
介绍龙卷风英语作文
介绍龙卷风英语作文龙卷风（Tornado）是一种极端天气现象，是由强大的风暴系统在大气中形成的旋转气流。
龙卷风常常伴随着破坏性的风暴，给人类社会和自然环境带来严重影响。
以下是一篇关于龙卷风的英语作文。
Title: The Fury of Nature: Tornadoes。
Introduction:Tornadoes are one of the most awe-inspiring yet terrifying forces of nature. These violent windstorms, characterized by rotating columns of air, can cause widespread destruction in a matter of minutes. Understanding the science behind tornado formation, their impact on communities, and measures for protection is crucial in mitigating their devastating effects.Body:1. Formation and Characteristics of Tornadoes:Tornadoes typically develop within severe thunderstorms known as supercells. These storms are characterized by strong updrafts and downdrafts, creating an environment conducive to tornado formation. As warm, moist air rises and meets cooler, denser air, it caninitiate a rotating column called a mesocyclone. When this mesocyclone tightens and descends, it forms the funnel cloud that we recognize as a tornado.2. Impact on Communities:The impact of tornadoes on communities can be catastrophic. The high winds, often exceeding 200 miles per hour, can uproot trees, tear apart buildings, and toss vehicles like toys. The aftermath of a tornado includes widespread damage to infrastructure, homes, and businesses, leading to significant economic losses. Additionally, tornadoes can cause injuries and fatalities, highlighting the urgent need for effective disaster preparedness and response strategies.3. Tornado Alley and Frequency of Occurrence:Tornado Alley, a region in the central United States, is notorious for its high frequency of tornado occurrences. Factors such as geography, atmospheric conditions, and seasonal patterns contribute to the prevalence of tornadoes in this area. While tornadoes can occur throughout the year, they are most common during the spring and early summer months when warm, moist air masses clash with cooler air masses.4. Safety Measures and Preparedness:Given the destructive potential of tornadoes, it is crucial for individuals and communities to have robustsafety measures in place. This includes having designated storm shelters or safe rooms, creating emergency plans, and staying informed through weather alerts and warnings.Public awareness campaigns and drills also play a vitalrole in educating people about tornado safety and response protocols.Conclusion:In conclusion, tornadoes represent the fury of naturein its most powerful form. By understanding how these phenomena form, their impact on communities, and implementing effective safety measures, we can better prepare and protect ourselves against the destructiveforces of tornadoes. Through continuous research, education, and preparedness, we can mitigate the damage caused bythese natural disasters and ensure the safety andresilience of our communities.Word count: 498。
龙卷风英文简介
►
Although tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica, most occur in the United States. They also commonly occur in southern Canada, south-central and eastern Asia, east-central South America, Southern Africa, northwestern and southeast Europe, Italy, western and southeastern Australia, and New Zealand
How can I protect myself from a tornado?
► ►
What to Do During a Tornado If you are under a tornado WARNING, seek shelter immediately!
If you are in
A structure (e.g. residence, small building,school, nursing home, hospital, factory, shopping center, high-rise building)
Tornado
What causes tornadoes?
Thunderstorms develop in warm, moist air in advance of eastward-moving cold fronts. These thunderstorms often produce large hail, strong winds, and tornadoes. Tornadoes in the winter and early spring are often associated with strong, frontal systems that form in the Central States and move east. Occasionally, large outbreaks of tornadoes occur with this type of weather pattern. Several states may be affected by numerous severe thunderstorms and tornadoes. ► During the spring in the Central Plains, thunderstorms frequently develop along a "dryline," which separates very warm, moist air to the east from hot, dry air to the west. Tornado-producing thunderstorms may form as the dryline moves east during the afternoon hours. ► Along the front range of the Rocky Mountains, in the Texas panhandle, and in the southern High Plains, thunderstorms frequently form as air near the ground flows "upslope" toward higher terrain. If other favorable conditions exist, these thunderstorms can produce tornadoes. ► Tornadoes occasionally accompany tropical storms and hurricanes that move over land. Tornadoes are most common to the right and ahead of the path of the storm center as it comes onshore.
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HURRICANE DAMAGE
High winds
75-125 mph
Torrential rains
Flash floods
Storm surges as sea level rises
HURRICANE CLASSIFICATIONS
Category One -- Winds 74-95 mph Category Two -- Winds 96-110 mph Category Three -- Winds 111-130 mph Category Four -- Winds 131-155 mph Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 mph
Hurricanes form over warm (80 °F) tropical seas
Latitude 7-15 degrees North and South of the equator
Tornadoes form over land in the mid-latitudes
SIZE AND DURATION OF HURRICANES
Tornados vs. Hurricanes
WHAT DO HURRICANES AND TORNADOES HAVE IN COMMON?
Low Pressure Strong Winds Hazardous to Life and Property
HOW DO THEY DIFFER?
LOCATION OF TORNADOES
Most common in the United States Plains States, Midwest, and Florida In advance of a cold front Embedded in hurricanes
SIZE AND DURATION OF TORNADOES
Fujita Pearson Tornado Scale
F-0: 40-72 mph, chimney damage, tree branches broken F-1: 73-112 mph, mobile homes pushed off foundation or overturned F-2: 113-157 mph, considerable damage, mobile homes demolished, trees uprooted F-3: 158-205 mph, roofs and walls torn down, trains overturned, cars thrown F-4: 207-260 mph, well-constructed walls leveled F-5: 261-318 mph, homes lifted off foundation and carried considerable distances, autos thrown as far as 100 meters
Narrow intense storm 1/4 mile wide Path of 6 miles SW to NW
Tornado Hazards
Wind Speed 40 – 300 mph Strong updraft in the funnel Explosions due to pressure contrast
Location Size Duration Season of Occurrence Distinctive Hazards
WHEN DO THEY OCCUR?
Hቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrricane season
Late Summer and Fall
Tornado season
Spring and Early Summer