新理念第四册翻译完整版
新概念英语第四册课文+翻译
新概念英语第四册课文+翻译
《新概念英语4》主要内容包括《新概念英语》是世界闻名的英语教程。
本版是《新概念英语4》一书出版30年来经作者亲自修订的唯一新版。
这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系,帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能——听、说、读、写,使学生能在学习中最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。
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新版除保留原版的精华外,又增加了以下重要特色:
专为中国的英语学习人士而改编,根据中国读者的需要增添了词汇表、课文注释、练习讲解和课文的参考译文;
剔除了所有过时内容,其中过时的课文由新课文取代,并配以全新的练习和插图;
对原有教学法进行调整,更利于学生加强交际能力;
内容更简洁精炼,取消过去单独出版的繁琐补充材料,将其精化纳入主要教材;
版面加大,方便翻阅;每课书相对独立,以利课堂教学。
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新概念英语第四册课文+翻译《新概念英语4》主要内容包括《新概念英语》是世界闻名的英语教程。
本版是《新概念英语4》一书出版
30年来经作者亲自修订的唯一新版。
这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系,帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能听、说、读、写,使学生能在学习推荐度:点击下载文档文档为doc格式
本文已影响 266人。
新概念英语第四册
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情,那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念英语第四册课文详解(L1-25)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man第一课发现化石人by ROBIN PLACEfrom Finding fossil man1-1. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.【译文】我们能读到五千年前近东发生之事,那里的人最先学会了书写。
【单词和短语】read:此处为不及物动词,意为“读到,获悉”(to find out information from books,newspapers etc.),后接of或about,例如:He reads about the war. 他读到关于战争的消息。
Did you read of their accident in the newspapers?你在报上看到他们遭遇意外事故的消息了么?5,000 years:五千年。
另学习millennium,意为“一千年”,复数为millennia。
5,000 years即为5 millennia。
the Near East:近东,指地中部沿岸地区,包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部,有时还包括巴尔干半岛。
1-2. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.【译文】但时至今日世上某些地方的人还不会书写。
【单词和短语】even now:此处意为“甚至到现在”,例如:Even now he won’t believe me. 他甚至到现在还不相信我。
even now另有两解,一为“就在此刻”,例如:Perhaps even now the time has arrived.也许正是此刻时机来到了。
另一为“尽管这样,虽然情况如此”(in spite of what has happened),例如:I have explained everything,but even now she doesn’t understand.我什么都解释了,但是尽管如此她还是不明白。
新概念英语第四册Lesson14~16原文及翻译
新概念英语第四册Lesson14~16原文及翻译新概念英语第四册Lesson14原文及翻译The Butterfly Effect蝴蝶效应Why do small errors make it impossible to predict the weather system with a high degree of accuracy?Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather -- and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards -- any prediction deteriorates rapidly. Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spacedone foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want. Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 1202, then 12.03...The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not know about, tiny deviations from the average. By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.JAMES GLEICK, ChaosNew words and expressions 生词和短语forecastn. 预报speculativeadj. 推测的blizzardn. 暴风雪deteriorate v. 变坏multiplyv. 增加cascadev. 瀑布似地落下turbulent adj. 狂暴的dust devil小尘暴,尘旋风squalln. 暴风eddyn. 旋涡gridn. 坐标方格sensorn. 传感器humidityn. 温度meteorologist n. 气象学家Princetonn. 普林斯顿(美国城市名)New Jerseyn. 新泽西(美国州名)fluctuationn. 起伏,波动deviationn. 偏差参考译文世界上的两三天以上的天气预报具有很强的猜测性,如果超过六七天,天气预报就没有了任何价值。
新概念英语第四册课文及翻译
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课堂笔记 New words and expressions ⽣词短语 recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数⼀次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第⼀个⾳节带重⾳,名前动后 叙述:recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict: a little emotional narrate: temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
portray:描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说,传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.⼈类学家 anthrop:⼈ philosophere :philo+sopher|爱+智慧=哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家(对⼈有爱⼼的⼈) anthropology :⼈类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科:biology ⽣物学geography 地理学 ecology ⽣态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前⾯ forefather,forebear ,predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.=leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹,踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace=i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧⽯ flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化⽯cobble 鹅卵⽯ Notes on the text 课⽂注释 read of 读到 谈到:speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east:近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east ⾮限定性从句,表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前,不⽤⽐较,直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留,保存(腌制) 如果句中有only,那后⾯的表语结构就要⽤to do sth,⽽不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的⼈ fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先⽣ migration :移民1)migrant v. migrate:迁移,迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people+s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千⽅百计,费尽周折=explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however-anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet-不加标点,only at the beginning of the sentence therefore-⾃由 so-⾃由 tool:⼩⼯具 instrument:实验器械 equipment:设备 shape:成型;教育,改造 may also have:表推测 peel:果⽪ leather:⽪⾰ hide:兽⽪ cowhide:⽜⽪ without (any) trace:⽆影⽆踪。
最新新概念第四册Lesson37~39课文翻译及学习笔记
新概念第四册Lesson37 课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。
What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. Wherethe cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one manlooking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.It is precisely the samewith a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be surethat the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation;and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.RAYMOND FROST The Backward Society【New words and expressions 生词和短语】hub n. (活动的)中心disunited分裂的adj.correspondingly adv. 相应地backward. 落后的adjincur v. 承担administer v. 管理adminstrative adj. 行政管理的analogous adj. 类似的overheads n. 一般费用initiative n. 主动,积极性checker n. 检查人员foreman n. 监工dividend n. 红利unduly adv. 过度地【课文注释】1. disunited adj. 分裂的例句:Moreover, whe nthe employees are dis un ited, un happ in ess is bound to set in.更何况大家都不团结时,不愉快事件频频You are wretched, disunited individuals.你们糟透了,分崩离析了。
新理念英语阅读初一第4册原文与译文
WORD格式可编辑Finn McCool was an Irish giant.Hwas big and strong,and he had won many battles.But,Finn was tired of fighting.One day,Finn met Oonagh,a clever ginatess.Finn and Oonagh liked each other,so they decided to live togetherin a quiet cave by the sea.Finn liked to sit and look outover the water.He could just make out Scotland,far away in the distance.There’sno place like home,said Finn,contentedly.Smack!A heavy rock landed near Finn.”Who threw that?”roared Finn,jumping up.”I did!”came a loud voice.”The mighty Benandonner of Scotland.””I’ve heard thatthe Irish giant Finn McCool is now old and feeble.You call yourself a fighter?I could whip you with one hand behind my back!”yelled Benandonner.”Come over here and say that!”yelled Finn,angrily.”I’m the strongest giant in this land.”“It’s only the water that’s stopping me from coming to fight you,Finn McCool!”Benandonner shouted back.”Afraid of water,are you?”yelled Finn.”Afraid?No!”shouted Benandonner.”I just don’t know how to swim.””I’ll make a causeway,”yelled Finn.”Then you’ll have to come over and fight,giant togiant.”Finn began to pull great slabs of rock off the cliff.He threw them into the waterto make a path.The slabs were heavy,and it was a long way from Ireland to Scotland.It took Finn a week to finish the causeway.He threw down the last slabs late onenight,and then walked back over the causeway to his cave.”I’m tired.I’m going to bed now.I need to get some strength before I face Benandonner,”Finn told Oonagh.In the morning,Oonagh woke early.She went outside because someone was making a lot of noise. Benandonner was walking over the causeway,shouting,”I’m coming to get you,Finn.”Oonagh could see that Benandonner was much bigger than Finn.She rushedin to warn Finn, but he was still asleep.Oonagh knew that Finn was so tired he might lose the fight.Suddenly, Oonagh had a plan. She woke Finn and made him put on her biggest dress.Rippng open a pillowcase, she tied it around Finn’head.She made F inn lie down and pretend he was asleep,and then she put their biggest blanket over him.Finally,shesat down and waited.Soon, Benandonner came storming into their cave,shouting,”Where’s that feeble Finn?I’m ready to fight him!”Jumping to her feet,Oonagh whispered angrily to Benandonner,”Be quiet!Finn’s not here,and I don’t want the baby woken.Take your noise outside!” Benandonner looked over at the blanket in the corner.He walkedtowards it.Benandonner looked down at the baby.He couldn’t believe it.The baby was huge.Ifthe baby is this size,what size is its father?he thought.He reached down to pat the 专业技术分享。
【新概念英语美音版第四册】全册课文及翻译
全册课文及翻译《新概念英语4》主要内容包括《新概念英语》是世界闻名的英语教程。
本版是《新概念英语4》一书出版30年来经作者亲自修订的唯一新版。
这套经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系,帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能——听、说、读、写,使学生能在学习中最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。
《新概念英语》(New Concept English)作为享誉全球的最为经典地道的英语教材,以其严密的体系性、严谨的科学性、精湛的实用性、浓郁的趣味性深受英语学习者的青睐,《新概念英语》在中国有40多年的历史,每年有数百万学习者,早已成为英语学习者的必选读物。
四册(流利英语)高级班----体味英语的精髓(Fluency in English)四册涵盖了文化、经济、哲学、艺术、体育、政治、美学、心理学、社会学、教育学、伦理学、天文学等三十多个学科门类,语言文字精美独到,句型结构复杂多变而又不失简洁酣畅。
同时诸多文章里蕴涵着深厚的哲思、美学及西方文化中独特的思维方式,这使得该教材成为每一位欲真正掌握英语语言精华的学习者不可多得、不可不学的教材。
教师将与你共同体味其中的奥妙。
完全掌握后,为雅思级别。
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人First listen and then answer the following question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。
Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas2-- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations4of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.ROBIN6PLACE Finding fossil man我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情,那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念第四册Lesson28~30课文翻译及学习笔记
【导语】新概念英语⼀共144课。
整本书⽆论是语法还是词汇,题材还是语句,都有其出彩之处。
正是因为如此,新概念英语更是经久不衰,深受⼴⼤英语学习者的喜爱。
为您整理了“新概念第四册Lesson28~30课⽂翻译及学习笔记”,希望可以帮助到您!新概念第四册Lesson28课⽂翻译及学习笔记 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳,然后回答以下问题。
What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor? This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same a theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them. Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors -- to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves. 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 sceptical adj. 怀疑的 forefathers n. 祖先 fervently adv. 热情地 curative adj. 治病的 astronomical adj. 天⽂学的 tangible adj.实实在在的 remedy n. 药物 ointment n. 药膏 prescribe v. 开药⽅ indisposition n. ⼩病 disgusting n. 令⼈讨厌的 inconvenience n. 不便 【课⽂注释】 1.sceptical adj.怀疑的 例句:Mary is sceptical about the solution. 玛丽对这个解决办法表⽰怀疑。
新概念第四册21课文翻译
新概念第四册21课文翻译Lesson 21William S. Hart andthe early 'Westerrf film威廉.s•哈特和早期限的'西部'影片First listen and then answer the following question.听录音,然后回答以下问题。
How did William Hart,s childhood prepare him for his acting role in Western films?William S・ Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns・ From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or thehonest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the old West・He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier・ And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos・Hart^ s good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians・ Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple・ We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.CARL FOREMAN Virtue and a Fast Gun from The ObserverNew words and expressions 生词与短语Supremeadj.protagonistn.主角outlawn.逃犯,亡命之徒framedadj.遭到陷害的viciousadj.恶毒的mythologyn.神话 vanished adj.消失了的 absurdly adv.荒诞地 arena n.竞技场在 encroaching adj.逐步渗入的 Indiann.印第安人 bewilderv.使手足无措 alien adj.外来的 taboon.戒律disinheritV.剥夺...继承权undeclaredadj.未经宣布的hypocrisyn.伪善chicaneryn.诈骗impendingadj.迫近的,近在眉睫的immolationn.杀戮coden.准则本文参考译文威廉.S.哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。
第四册课文翻译
1.a艺术家追求成名,如同狗自逐其尾,一旦追到手,除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家,其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢!”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地,最乐观地说也困难重重,许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒,也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此,希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣,这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名,大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长,并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红,代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的,大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此,艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊,他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力,也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后,就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍,会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动,但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来,如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗同样,像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家,希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革,这让他们名利双收,但也让他们付出了代价,那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿,过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你,而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人,就像政客一样,必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井,因此一个艺术家若能保持真我,会格外让人惊叹。
【新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson37、38、39】】新概念第四册课文
【新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson37、38、39】】新概念第四册课文【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程,以其全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练,深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习,大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记,希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.This may be illustrated by paring the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall; and thebusiness will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.It is precisely the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people aordingly.A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.RAYMOND FROST The Backward Societyhub n. (活动的)中心disunited adj. 分裂的correspondingly adv. 相应地backward adj. 落后的incur v. 承担administer v. 管理adminstrative adj. 行政管理的 analogous adj. 类似的overheads n. 一般费用initiative n. 主动,积极性checker n. 检查人员foreman n. 监工dividend n. 红利unduly adv. 过度地1.disunited adj. 分裂的例句:Moreover, when the employees are disunited, unhappiness is bound to set in.更何况大家都不团结时,不愉快事件频频。
新概念第四册翻译Lesson34Adolescence
新概念频道为⼤家整理的新概念第四册翻译Lesson 34 Adolescence,供⼤家参考。
更多阅读请查看本站频道。
Lesson 34 Adolescence 青春期First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳,然后回答以下问题。
What do adolescents respect in parents?Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and make them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves. Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.DOTID OFLUM Journey Through AdolescenceNew words and expressions ⽣词与短语 adolescence n. slur n. 青春期 adolescent n. 底毁 disloyalty n. 青少年(12-18岁)spiteful adj. 恶意的,怀恨的 disillusionment n. 幻灭感 evaluation n. 评价 infallibility n. ⼀贯正确 resent v. 怨恨 sincerity n. 诚挚 victorian adj. 维多利亚式的 retreat v. 后退 unreasoning adj. 不凭理智的 authoritarian adj. 专制的 cow v. 吓唬本⽂参考译⽂当家长听到孩⼦赞扬⾃⼰朋友的家时,总感到不安,认为孩⼦在嫌弃⾃家的饭菜、卫⽣、或家具,⽽且愚蠢地让孩⼦看出⾃⼰的烦恼。
新概念第四册课文及翻译中英
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情,那里的人最早学会了写字。
新理念大学英语课后翻译中文及答案
十年之前,南希做了许许多多美国人梦寐以求的事。
她辞去了经理职位,在邻近地区开了一家家用器具上商店。
想南希那样的人做出这种决定主要是想改善生活质量。
然而,经营小本生意绝非易事。
在时失去稳定的收入后,南希不得不消减日常开支。
有时候她甚至没钱支付她所需要的种种保险的费用。
幸运的是,通过自己的努力,她已经度过了最困难的时期。
她决心继续追求她所向往的更加美好的生活。
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income,Nancyhad to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.亨森获得自由后不久就一心帮助逃亡奴隶。
现代新理念英语少儿版四册
1.首先要知道各个地方的省会城市或者首都 (注意:课本中的城市图片不一定是省会或者首都) 黑龙江的省会城市——哈尔滨 江苏的省会城市——南京 浙江的省会城市——杭州 山西的省会城市——太原 中国的首都——北京 英格兰的首都——伦敦 澳大利亚的首都——堪培拉 美国的首都——华盛顿 2.列举几个地方的人文地理—— a.黑龙江:黑龙江的省会城市哈尔滨是最冷的城市;黑 龙江省的漠河是中国最北部的城市,漠河是不夜城, 昼达19小时每天;黑龙江省的松花江,盛产优质的大 豆和玉米。 b.江苏:太湖是五大淡水湖泊之一;江苏是我国著名的 鱼米之乡;盛产名茶碧螺春;历史人物有——古代有 祖冲之,吴敬梓,苏东坡.近代有徐悲鸿,梅兰芳, 现代有周恩来,华罗庚
7京浙江的省会城市浙江的省会城市杭州杭州山西的省会城市山西的省会城市太原太原中国的首都中国的首都北京北京英格兰的首都英格兰的首都伦敦伦敦澳大利亚的首都澳大利亚的首都堪培拉堪培拉美国的首都美国的首都华盛顿华盛顿2
现代新理念英语少儿版四册
Lesson 9 Where do you live? 一:Subject----Where do you live? (four classes) 二:Teaching date---- April 12, 2008 三:Teaching target----(教学目标) This lesson talk about personal information . 1.Asked by a person come from, where to live, Leads to the theme sentence: Where are you from? Where do you live? 2.Master the general application of the present time.
新理念英语阅读初一第4册原文与译文
Finn McCool was an Irish giant.Hwas big and strong,and he had won many battles.But,Finn was tired of fighting.One day,Finn met Oonagh,a clever ginatess.Finn and Oonagh liked each other,so they decided to live togetherin a quiet cave by the sea.Finn liked to sit and look out over the water.He could just make out Scotland,far away in the distance.There’s no place like home,said Finn,contentedly.Smack!A heavy rock landed near Finn.”Who threw that?”roared Finn,jumping up.”I did!”came a loud voice.”The mighty Benandonner of Scotland.””I’ve heard that the Irish giant Finn McCool is now old and feeble.You call yourself a fighter?I could whip you with one hand behind my back!”yelled Benandonner.”Come over here and say that!”yelled Finn,angrily.”I’m the strongest giant in this land.”“It’s only the water that’s stopping me from coming to fight you,Finn McCool!”Benandonner shouted back.”Afraid of water,are you?”yelled Finn.”Afraid?No!”shouted Benandonner.”I just don’t know how to swim.””I’ll make a causeway,”yelled Finn.”Then you’ll have to come over and fight,giant to giant.”Finn began to pull great slabs of rock off the cliff.He threw them into the water to make a path.The slabs were heavy,and it was a long way from Ireland to Scotland.It took Finn a week to finish the causeway.He threw down the last slabs late one night,and then walked back over the causeway to his cave.”I’m tired.I’m going to bed now.I need to get some strength before I face Benandonner,”Finn told Oonagh.In the morning,Oonagh woke early.She went outside because someone was making a lot of noise. Benandonner was walking over the causeway,shouting,”I’m coming to get you,Finn.”Oonagh could see that Benandonner was much bigger than Finn.She rushed in to warn Finn, but he was still asleep.Oonagh knew that Finn was so tired he might lose the fight.Suddenly, Oonagh had a plan. She woke Finn and made him put on her biggest dress.Rippng open a pillowcase, she tied it around Finn’head.She made Finn lie down and pretend he was asleep,and then she put their biggest blanket over him.Finally,she sat down and waited.Soon, Benandonner came storming into their cave,shouting,”Where’s that feeble Finn?I’m ready to fight him!”Jumping to her feet,Oonagh whispered angrily to Benandonner,”Be quiet!Finn’s not here,and I don’t want the baby woken.Take your noise outside!” Benandonner looked over at the blanket in the corner.He walked towards it.Benandonner looked down at the baby.He couldn’t believe it.The baby was huge.If the baby is this size,what size is its father?he thought.He reached down to pat thebaby’s head.Finn bit Benandonner’s head as hard as he could.”Argh!”cried Benandonner.”Now you’re woken the baby!”shouted Oonagh,rushing over.”Wait until I tell his father that you’re over here making trouble!He’ll be after you!”Suddenly, Benandonner was nervos.”If Finn’s baby is this big and strong,how big and strong is Finn?”he said to himself.He turned and ran back over the causeway,pulling up the rocks to stop Finn from coming after him.Finn and Oonagh started laughing as they watched Benandonner running back across the causeway.Picking up some mud,Finn threw it with all his might.The mud missed Benandonner,but it landed with a splash close by.After that, Benandonner never gave Finn any more trouble.He lived quietly in his cave in Scotland,while Finn lived in his cave in Ireland.The mud that Finn threw at Benandonner was named the Isle of Man.Finn McCool是一个爱尔兰巨人。
新概念英语第四册翻译
新概念英语第四册翻译Unit 11. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in whichit has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming everynight, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for nottrying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; wewould do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same istrue of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.unit21. If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it wouldhave attracted a larger audience.2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibilityfor her to become a successful actress.3. I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4. As their products find their way into the international market,their brand is gaining in popularity.5. She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious bythieves and that all hermoney was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it soundbelievable.6. No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, butthis brought more criticism of him.XII1 .If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous,it wouldhave attracted a larger audience.‘2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibilityfor her to become a successful actress.3 .I never had formal training,I just learned as I went along?4. As their products find their way into the international market,their brand is gaining in popularity.5 .She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious bythieves and that all hermoney was gone,but she doubted whether she could make it soundbelievable.6 .No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, butthis brought more criticism of him.unit31. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and themayor has decided to look into theaffair in person.2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and goingback to work. Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, whichentitles you to a discount on goods.4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result theyarrived three hours later than they hadplanned.5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resignweeks later.6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, onestep at a time and his business isthriving.unit4XI.1. Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money ona new house.2. Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment andrelaxation as they did in the past.3. In order to be successful, a business must keep pace withdevelopments in the marketplace.4. Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls forthe job.5. For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all thebooks are at their disposal.6. We should make full use of the platform to strengthencommunication, expand cooperation in moreareas and seek further development through joint effortunit51. This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2. There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as wellturn to Professor Wang for help.3. Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation indifferent areas, and hope that thecooperation can be furthered.4. On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get anew policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds andcome up with constructivesuggestions".5. His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talkat length to himself and his petsand the television.6. After all, money is not everything. The richest people are notnecessarily the happiest.unit61. Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would youjust ignore it?2. We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless toargue with him.3. He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of theexperiment, but opinions differed amongmembers of the group on it.4. Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which Iwasn't able to do before.5. The ability to visually distinguish between red and green isessential to becoming a driver.6. The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis toshare their information with eachother。
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新理念第四册翻译Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】第一篇我希望Chapter1假期当贝利,罗恩和皮特步行上学的时候,他们抱怨。
“我讨厌学校。
”贝利抱怨。
“我讨厌阅读和写作。
”“是的。
”罗恩抱怨。
“我讨厌所有的科目。
”“我也是,老兄。
”皮特同意。
“我厌倦了如此努力地学习。
”贝利抱怨。
“我厌倦了做奴隶。
”罗恩抱怨。
“老兄,学校像坏气味。
”皮特说。
“是的。
”罗恩同意。
“至少我们学校很快要放假了。
”“老兄,我们为什么不出走,去太平洋度假呢”皮特说。
“那里没有学校。
”“我们怎么到达那里”贝利问。
“我们可以借我叔叔的游艇。
”罗恩说,“他现在没有用它。
”皮特举起一只手到耳边。
“听着,老兄。
”他说,“自由在召唤,咱们走吧!”男生们互相击掌庆贺,开始筹划他们的假期。
Chapter2横渡太平洋一周后,那三个朋友在航海横渡太平洋。
贝利船长驾着船。
“这个要比去上学好!”他大喊。
罗恩捉了一些鱼。
“是的,这个要比阅读和写作好。
”他呼喊回应。
于是皮特就煮了一些鱼。
他用力嗅着大海的空气,咧开嘴笑了。
一天又一天过去了,他们航海横渡了太平洋。
没有学习,没有学校,只有广阔的大海和蓝色的天空。
三个男生是如此高兴。
Chapter3坏风暴一天,蓝色的天空变黑了。
轻柔的微风变成了狂风。
电闪雷鸣。
巨浪猛扑进船里。
船在风暴肆虐的海上摇滚。
“我希望我是在学校看书。
”贝利抱怨。
“我希望我是在写故事。
”罗恩抱怨。
“我希望我是在干燥的陆地上。
”皮特抱怨。
船像一个沙滩球在波浪上颠跳。
突然,一个大浪猛扑进来。
船翻个底朝天。
男生们爬上船底。
他们认为船要沉了,他们要被淹死了。
但是然后,正当这种危急情况快要开始的时候,风暴停了,太阳出来了。
Chapter4小岛当男生们看到他们靠近一个小岛的时候,他们很开心。
他们游到那个小岛。
岛上到处长有椰子树,香蕉树和菠萝树。
他们喜欢黄色的沙滩和清澈的蓝色池塘。
“老兄,这比看书要好!”皮特微笑。
男生们喜爱他们的小岛假期。
他们度过了游泳,钓鱼和大笑的几天时光。
但是几天后,他们厌倦了吃同样的食物,做同样的事情。
“我感到无聊。
”皮特说,“我宁愿读50本书也不愿意再吃一个椰子。
”“我也感到无聊!”罗恩同意。
“我宁愿做100道数学题也不愿意再吃一个菠萝。
”“我宁可航海回家。
”皮特抱怨。
Chapter5大瓶子贝利观看着一个绿点在波涛上上下浮动。
“那是什么”他问皮特和罗恩。
当那个绿点来得更近,三个朋友观看着。
“它是一个瓶子。
”罗恩说。
“我要拿到它。
”他把它拿回来,让它立在沙滩上。
它是一个又旧又大的绿色瓶子,瓶口有一个大软木塞。
罗恩尽力想拔出木塞,但没拔出来。
然后贝利拿过瓶子,拔啊拔啊,但还是没拔出来。
然后皮特扭转了下。
他用脚夹住瓶子,紧紧抓住软木塞,拔啊拔啊……突然,随着一大团烟雾,软木塞射出瓶口。
男生们抬头看,看见一个巨大的妖怪站在他们上方。
“谢谢你们!”那妖怪咆哮,“你们救了我的命。
因为释放了我,我将答应你们每人一个愿望。
你希望得到什么”妖怪转向贝利。
“我希望回到学校。
”贝利说。
“我想要在课堂上看书。
”有一道闪电和一声霹雳,贝利回到学校看书了。
“你的愿望是什么”妖怪问罗恩。
“我想要和贝利一样。
”罗恩说。
“我想要回到学校,写故事。
”妖怪俯视着皮特。
“你的愿望是什么”他问。
皮特挠挠他的头,但他想不出什么愿望。
妖怪不耐烦了。
“快点!”他咆哮。
“我已经在那个瓶子里两千年了,快点!你有什么愿望”“我不知道……”皮特说。
“没有我的朋友会很寂寞。
噢,我希望他们都还在这里。
”有两道闪电和两声霹雳……第二篇太空垃圾,陨星和彗星Chapter1拥挤的天空从地球看,天空呈现得很平静。
在白天,太阳照射下来。
在夜里,月亮和星星发光、闪烁。
一切表现得平静,安宁。
但事实上,有几百万个物体快速掠过天空。
这些物体包括太空垃圾,陨星和彗星。
Chapter2太空垃圾从地球到太空太空垃圾专指在地球上开始,在太空中结束的物体。
相信在太空有一百多万块垃圾。
虽然它们大多数足够小,能放进一个人的手里。
有几类太空垃圾是被宇航员扔掉的物品,如塑料袋和饮料杯。
其它普通种类的太空垃圾,是被设计在执行任务中从火箭主体脱离的零件。
太空垃圾也可能包括从宇宙飞船和人造卫星掉落的设备部件。
飞速掠过太空太空垃圾不是飘浮穿过太空。
它以每小时2万8千公里的速度飞速掠过太空。
太空垃圾能对宇宙飞船和人造卫星造成威胁。
如果一块乒乓球那样大小的疾飞的金属击中一个宇宙飞船,造成的冲击力将会相当于有人在这个宇宙飞船里引爆了25支炸药。
重返每年,几百块太空垃圾掉落到地球的大气层。
它们中大多数是如此小,以至于它们到达地球表面之前就烧没了。
那些定会击中地球的太空垃圾通常会落进水里。
因为几乎四分之三的地球表面是水域。
地球上的大多数人住得靠近其他人。
所以有广阔的陆上地区很少有人居住。
即使当太空垃圾撞击陆地,它通常掉落在远离人们居住的地区。
太空实验室落到地球的最着名的太空垃圾是美国太空站实验室。
1979年7月11日,太空实验室重新回到地球的大气层。
它分裂成很多块,掉落在澳大利亚的偏远地区,以及澳大利亚西海岸的印度洋里。
澳大利亚西部的一个城镇,埃斯佩兰斯,决定自己回归美国。
相信埃斯佩兰斯城因为乱丢垃圾而送给美国政府400美元的罚款。
Chapter3陨石陨石是掉落到地球的太空岩石,行星或其它的太空星体碎块。
有些陨石是彗星碎块。
有几块陨石已经被证明是月球或火星的碎块。
大多数陨石来自小行星。
小行星是在太空运行的巨大岩石。
我们太阳系中的大多数小行星是在火星和木星之间运行。
研究陨石陨石给科学家们提供了许多关于太阳系的信息。
科学家们对于弄清楚在陨石里有什么金属很感兴趣。
这个信息给他们提供了可能存在于其它行星上的生命类型的线索。
已经研究过来自月球陨石的科学家们,已经算出地球和月球最有可能在几十亿年前来自同一个行星。
破坏地球流星每天都进入地球大气层。
大多数流星是如此小,以至于它们在击中地球表面之前就烧化了。
然而,在地球历史上已经有过好几个时期,陨石已经造成了如此大的破坏,以至于人类可能已经无法生存。
人们相信陨石使恐龙变得灭绝了。
Chapter4彗星彗星是冰冻的气体、冰和急速穿越太空的尘埃的混合体。
当行星和恒星形成时,这些气体、冰和尘埃遗留下来。
彗星只有在靠近太阳的时候才能从地球上看到。
最着名的彗星是哈雷彗星。
大约每隔76年它才能从地球上被看到一次,最后一次出现在1986年。
慧核,慧发和慧尾一颗彗星有三个主要部分——慧核,慧发和慧尾。
慧核是由冰冻气体和水组成的小固体部分。
慧发是围绕着慧核的由尘埃和气体组成的巨大云团。
慧尾是由被逸出气体从慧核推出的微小尘埃颗粒组成的。
彗星的直径通常是几百万公里长。
第三篇地震Chapter1地震是什么?地震是地球表面的晃动。
地震是由地球的岩石外壳的快速运动而引起的。
每年大约有50万次可探测到的地震。
它们出现在全世界的多个地方,包括在海洋底下。
地震中的大部分都很小,不会造成任何破坏,但大地震可能是毁灭性的。
科学家研究了地球的表层来了解地震。
科学家已经能够解释地震是如何发生的,为什么会发生。
研究地震的科学称为地震学。
研究地震的科学家称地震学家。
Chapter2地壳的层很久以前,人们相信地球是固体的,但是今天,科学家们知道地球是由层构成的。
地球的中心叫做地心。
地心是非常热的。
内核是一个由铁制成的实心球体,外核主要由液态铁制成。
地幔围绕着地心,它由炽热的岩石构成。
地幔的下部是柔软的,可以缓慢移动。
地幔和地心构成了地球的大部分。
地球的最上层叫做地壳,是由岩石构成的。
它是地球所有层次中最薄的。
它在海洋底下最薄,在大陆底下要厚得多。
Chapter3地壳构造的板块地壳和地幔的上部是由巨大的、漂移在地幔下部的盘状岩石板块组成,所以它们总是在不断地运动。
大多数时候,这些板块移动得如此慢,以至于人们感觉不到。
这些巨大的岩石被称为构造板块。
它们大小不同,每一块都有个名字。
当板块的边缘相遇的时候,板块能伸展成碎片,滑过对方,或者互相推挤,直到一个板块被迫伸展到另一个板块下面。
Chapter4断层地壳板块的运动使地球的岩石地壳产生裂缝。
这些裂缝被称为断层,它们在板块的边缘形成。
有些断层很容易看见。
大多数断层被固定在原来的地方,但板块一直缓慢地移动。
随着时间的推移,这对岩石形成压力,当岩石的压力太多时,他们会沿着裂缝处突然断裂。
冲击波朝各个方向传播,使地面震动。
这就是地震,这也是为什么大多数地震发生在构造板块边缘附近的原因。
Chapter5测量地震科学家们使用被称为地震仪的机器来测量地震。
来自地震仪的信息帮助科学家计算出地震的大小,以及它发生的时间和地点。
一个小地震在地震仪上产生一个小的摆动,一个大地震就产生一个大的摆动。
科学家给地震一个等级数字来描述它的大小。
这个等级数字越大,地震就越大。
有几个不同的等级,但科学家们经常使用震级来测量震源的大小。
1960年发生在智利的9.5级地震,是自1900年以来世界上最大级别的地震。
里氏震级测量地震仪上记录的最大摆动。
修订后的麦加利地震烈度测量地震对地球表面的破坏,里氏震级较高的地震可能在很少有人居住的地区破坏不大。
相同的地震会在修订后的麦加利震级较低。
Chapter6预防地震科学家们不确切地知道地震何时发生,但他们知道地震在某些地区更可能发生。
住在这些地区的人们都得为地震做好准备。
地震在日本很常见。
在地震中,孩子们坐在桌子下面,以免被落下的物体伤害。
如果他们在外面,他们尽力搬到开阔地带。
有些人随手携带头盔以防万一发生地震。
Chapter7地震幸存者我的名字叫穆罕默德。
在2003年12月26日,一场毁灭性的地震,袭击了我的家乡伊朗巴姆市。
它摧毁了大部分的城市,杀死了2万6千多人。
成千上万的人失去了他们的家园。
地震袭击的时候正是凌晨。
我和我的家人在屋外睡着了。
夜里早些时候,一场小地震吓醒我们,所以我们决定睡在外面,这个决定救了我们的命。
地震使得地面摇晃。
它似乎在我们身下的波涛里上升。
我很害怕。
大多数房屋由泥瓦建成。
它们倒塌了,人们被埋在下面。
遍及全市,人们帮着挖出幸存者。
我和父亲帮着救援了我们的一些邻居。
巴姆两千多年历史了,以它的历史和美丽而闻名。
6.6级的地震把大部分城市变为一堆废墟。
其它国家的人们来帮助我们。
他们带来食物,水,衣服,帐篷和药。
在巴姆人们已经开始重建家园,但是这个城市不再原样了。
第四篇电Chapter1介绍电电是一种能量形式。
它就在我们身边。
今天,世界上大多数人每天用电,给不同的事物供应电源。
人们在家、学校、工作和汽车上使用电。
200多年前,没有什么是用电驱动的。
在过去,人们知道电,但他们不知道如何使用电能。
静电是被发现的第一种电能。
直到1800年发明了电池,电流才被发现。