英语考试中常用的术语

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英语术语的分类及语言特点

英语术语的分类及语言特点根据意义结构或语义范围，这类专门用语可分为常用术语、排他性专门涵义术语、专门法律术语和借用术语四种形式。

1.常用术语法律英语常用术语有两种概念：第一，不明确表示特定的法律概念，语域比较广，既常用于法律语言中，也是社会日常生活各方面不可缺少的词语，在两种语域中无语义差别，而且通俗易懂。

例如：conduct行为，write签字，witness证明，goods商品，individual个人，sum总额，signing签署，insurance保险，gambling赌博，rule规则，marriage婚姻，divorce离婚等等。

第二，表示特定的法律概念，但是随着应用范围的扩大和全民词汇发生密切联系而经常互相交换与影响，结果由原来只有法律工作者知晓的术语扩伸到全民词汇领域中。

例如：law法律，lawyer律师，debt债务，murder 谋杀，crime罪行，prison监狱，court法庭，contract合同，police警察，will遗嘱，fine罚款，punishment惩罚，sentence判决，judgement审判，robbery抢劫，theft偷窃等等。

随着法律知识的普及和法制的发展，这类术语全民化的数量会不断加大。

法律英语常用术语由于法律和全民通用，所以其最大特点就是常用性及适用场合广。

据此，这类术语一般文体信息较少，具有中性文体意义效果。

另外由于这类术语都是常用词，所以其构词能力较强，如law lawful和lawyer， crime criminal， contract contractual，而且有的具有多义性，应用时要注意词形变化和语境。

2.排他性专门涵义术语这种术语指排斥与法律概念无任何联系的一般涵义而保留特定的法律专门涵义的法律专门用语。

这类术语有两种涵义：一是法律方面的;二是普通意义方面的。

由于两种涵义截然不同，所以必须通过排斥与法律无关的普通涵义才能明晰地揭示特定的法律专门涵义。

经济学英语词汇

经济学英语词汇在研究和学习经济学的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。

以下是一些经济学中常用的英语词汇及其含义：1、Economic：经济的，与经济相关的。

2、Finance：金融，财政。

3、Accounting：会计，会计学。

4、Market：市场，市场营销。

5、Price：价格，价值。

6、Currency：货币，通货。

7、Interest Rate：利率。

8、Exchange Rate：汇率。

9、Stock：股票，股份。

10、Bond：债券。

11、Futures：期货。

12、Options：期权。

13、Commodity：商品，大宗商品。

14、Price Index：价格指数。

15、Economy Growth：经济增长。

16、Unemployment Rate：失业率。

17、Inflation：通货膨胀。

18、Interest Rate Policy：利率政策。

19、Monetary Policy：货币政策。

20、Fiscal Policy：财政政策。

21、Supply-Side Economics：供给侧经济学。

22、Demand-Side Economics：需求侧经济学。

23、Comparative Advantage：比较优势。

24、Gains from Trade：贸易收益。

25、Barriers to Trade：贸易壁垒。

26、Dumping：倾销。

27、DumpingMargin：倾销差价。

28、Economic Liberalization：经济自由化。

29、Privatization：私有化。

30、Liberalization：自由化。

31、Globalization：全球化。

32、Protectionism：保护主义。

33、Stagflation：滞胀，即经济停滞与高通货膨胀、失业以及不景气并存的经济现象。

34、Recession：经济衰退，经济连续两个季度出现负增长。

专升本英语一词多义的单词

专升本英语一词多义的单词专升本英语考试中，常见的一词多义的单词包括但不限于：
1. "set"，可以表示一组物品，也可以表示安置或设置，还可以表示固定的时间或地点。

2. "run"，可以表示奔跑，也可以表示管理或经营，还可以表示运行或流动。

3. "light"，可以表示轻的，也可以表示光线，还可以表示点燃或照亮。

4. "well"，可以表示健康的，也可以表示井，还可以表示很好地或充分地。

5. "book"，可以表示书籍，也可以表示预订，还可以表示记录或登记。

6. "point"，可以表示观点，也可以表示指向或指出，还可以表示要点或分数。

7. "bank"，可以表示银行，也可以表示河岸，还可以表示储存或存款。

以上仅是一些常见的一词多义的单词，考生在备考时需要注意词义的多样性，灵活运用单词的不同含义，以确保在考试中能够准确理解和使用这些单词。

希望这些例子能够帮助你更好地理解一词多义的单词。

英语常用名词

英语常用名词以下是一些英语常用名词及其相关内容：1. Book- 翻译：书；书籍；本子；册- 解释：“book”作为名词，最常见的意思是指印有文字、图片等供人阅读的印刷品，也就是我们平常所说的书。

也可指本子，比如练习本等，还可用于表示书籍的册数。

- 词干及前缀/后缀用法：“book”本身就是词干形式，可直接使用来表达其基本含义。

有时候会加上一些前缀或后缀来改变其意思或表示不同的情况。

例如，“e-”前缀构成“e-book”，表示电子书，是随着电子技术发展出现的新形式；“-case”后缀构成“bookcase”，意为书架，是与书相关的放置物品；“-store”后缀构成“bookstore”，指书店，是售卖书籍的地方。

- 造句及翻译：- I like reading books.（我喜欢读书。

）- This is an interesting book.（这是一本有趣的书。

）- She bought an e-book online.（她在网上买了一本电子书。

）- There are many books on the bookcase.（书架上有很多书。

）- We went to the bookstore to buy some textbooks.（我们去书店买了一些教科书。

）2. Chair- 翻译：椅子；主席位；讲座- 解释：主要指供人坐的有靠背的家具，即椅子。

在一些特定场合，如会议等，也可指主席的座位，还可引申为讲座的意思，比如“give a chair”（作讲座）。

- 词干及前缀/后缀用法：“chair”本身是词干形式，可直接用于表示椅子等基本含义。

加上“-man”后缀构成“chairman”，意为主席，指主持会议、组织等的人；“-woman”后缀构成“chairwoman”，指女主席。

另外，“wheel-”前缀可构成“wheelchair”，表示轮椅，是一种特殊的带有轮子的椅子，供行动不便的人使用。

英语常用修辞格复习

常用修辞格复习(定义并例证各术语) 一、使用语音手段的修辞格1．Alliteration（头韵）：2．Assonance（元韵）：3．Consonance（辅韵）：4．Onomatopoeia（拟声）：5．Aposiopesis（跳脱）：6．Apostrophe（呼告）：7．Pun（双关）：二、使用词汇手段的修辞格1．Simile（明喻）2．Metaphor（隐喻）3．Transferred epithet（移就）4．Personification（拟人）5．Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）6．Allusion（典故）7．Analogy（类比）8．Allegory（讽喻）9．Synecdoche（提喻）10．Euphemism（委婉语）11．Metonymy（借代）12．Parody（仿拟）13．Hyperbole（夸张）14．Irony（反语）15．Pun（双关）16．Antonomasia（换称）17．Synaesthesia（通感）18．Understatement（低调陈述）19．Zeugma（轭式搭配）20．Syllepsis（一笔双叙）21．Anticlimax（突降）22．Climax（层进）三、使用句法手段的修辞格1．Loose sentence（松散句）2．Periodic sentence（圆周句）3．Antithesis（对偶句）4．Parallelism（排比句）5．Repetition（反复）6．Ellipsis（省略）7．Inversion（倒装）8．Rhetorical question（反问句）A General Review on Figures of SpeechIdentify the figure(s) of speech used in the following sentences.1. "Your Heavens, give me that patience, patience I need!" (Shakespeare)2. Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence and if anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things. (The Bible)3. We felt strong, smug, secure.4. Return to her?…No, rather I abjure all roofs, and choose…To be a comrade with the wolf and owl…(Shakespeare)5. "One of my kids wrote four-letter words in his composition," the teacher said.6. When I was a child, I used to speak as a child, think as a child, reason as a child; when I became a man, I didaway with childish things. (The Bible)7. And do whate'er thou wilt, swift-footed time,To the wide world and all her fading sweets;But I forbid thee one most heinous crime. (Shakespeare)8. All are not apostles, are they? All are not prophets, are they? All are not teachers, are they? All are not workers of miracles, are they? (The Bible)9. Now, what advantage do we derive from hearing a man say that he has shaken off the yoke, that he does not believe that there is a God who watches over his actions, that he regards himself as sole judge of his conduct, and that he does not think of accounting for it to anyone but himself? Does he imagine that by saying this he is encouraging us to feel great confidence in him in the future and to expect comfort, advice, and help from him in the difficult situations of life? Do such men imagine that they have greatly rejoiced us by telling us that they think our soul is only a puff of wind or smoke, and still more by telling us so in an arrogant, self-satisfied tone? Is it a thing to be said cheerily? Is it not rather something to be admitted mournfully as though it were the saddest thing in the whole world? (Pascal)10. Good breeding consists in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the otherperson. (Mark Twain)11. Shall the potter be considered as equal with the clay, that what is made should say to its maker, "He did not makeme"；or what is formed say to him who formed it, "He has no understanding"? (The Bible)12. Greatness, in the works of architecture, may be considered as relating to the bulk and body of the structure.…Not to mention the Tower of Babel, of which an old author says there were the foundations to be seen in his time, which looked like a spacious mountain…（Joseph Addison)13. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Nowis the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of radial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. (Martin Luthur King)14. You earn your living and you urn your dead.15. Other things may be seized by might, or purchased with money, but knowledge is to be gained only by study,and study to be prosecuted only in retirement.(Samuel Johnson)16. For ours is the age of four "A's"：anxiety, apprehension, agonizing, and aspirin. (James Thurber)17. So will these unattractive and mysterious objects lead to a new world economic order, or will the game beplayed according to the usual industrial rules; from each according to his ability, to each according to his investments?18. 0 soul of mine, will you never be good and sincere, all one, all open, visible to the beholder more clearly thaneven your encompassing body of flesh? Will you never taste the sweetness of a loving and affectionate heart?Will you never be filled full and unwanting; craving nothing, yearning for no creature or thing to minister to your pleasures, no prolongation of days to enjoy them, no place or country or pleasant clime or sweet human company? (Marcus Aurelius)19. It is in art as in morals; no character would inspire us with an enthusiastic admiration of his virtue, if that virtueconsisted only in an absence of vice; something more is required; a man must do more than merely his duty to be a hero.(Joshua Reynolds)20. It is no use doing what, you like; you have, got to like what you do. (W Churchill)21. To be, or not to be; that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe sting and arrows of outrageous fortune:Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them…（Shakespeare）22. ... Let them recognize that there are only two kinds of person whom we can describe as reasonable; those whoserve God with all their heart because they have found him, and those who seek him with all their heart because, they have not found him. (Pascal)23. O, who can hold a fire in his handBy thinking on the frosty Caucasus?Or cloy the hungry edge of appetiteBy bare imagination of a feast?Or wallow naked in December snowBy thinking on fantastic summer's best? (Shakespeare)24. Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these standin our way. Let all theories be subjected to the bright clear light of practice. (Norman Bethune)25. I Came BackI came back to softness and comfort.I came back to Dr. White's.And I wonder why I ever went away.Because only Dr. White's gives me two kinds of comfort. The supper-comfort of their cotton-wool content that makes them so much softer. And the comfort of a safer, more absorbent towel, with a flush-away design, too，for even more convenience.I tried the rest, but I came back.Isn't it time you came back to Dr. White's?Dr. White's Two kinds of comfort. (Women, Apr. 1977)26. What may be done at any time will be done at no time. (Proverb)27. You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.28. He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine…(John Galsworthy)29. A little boy came up to his mother. "Ma," he said, "I have something to tell you. My teacher kissed me.”"Well, were you a good boy and did you kiss her back?""Of course not!" he denied indignantly, "I kissed her face.”30. I don't have any rich relations who well leave me money when they die. Whatever I get in life, I'll have to earnby the sweat of my brow.31. Magnus. Frankly, I have been accustomed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the mostefficient part of his head. (Bernard Shaw)32. No longer mourn for me when I am deadThen you shall hear the surly sullen bellGive warning to the world that I am fledFrom this vile world, with vilest worms to dwell…(Shakespeare)33. O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,Alone and palely loitering?The sedge has withered from the lake,And no birds sing.O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms,So haggard and so woe-begone?The squirrel's granary is full,And the harvest's done. (John Keats)34. O, my luve is like a red, red roseThat's newly sprung in June:O, my luve is like the melodieThat's sweetly played in tune. (Robert Bums)35. His behavior was一but I blush to mention that.36. He had passed many anxious hours before he got the phone call from his daughter.37. Music, when soft voices die,vibrates in the memory一odours, when sweet violets sicken，Live within the sense they quicken. (Shelly)38. Child-bearing, hard work, and constant anxiety were beginning to tell on Mrs Athelny; and sometimes her backached in the evening so that she had to sit down and rest herself. (W. S. Maugham) 39. "Now, sir," said my aunt to Mr. Micawber, as she put on her gloves, "we are ready for Mount Vesuvius, oranything else, as soon as you please.”"Madam," returned Mr. Micawber, "I trust you will shortly witness an eruption…”(Charles Dickens)40. Then the fish came alive, with his death in him, and rose high out of the water showing all his great length andwidth and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old man in the skiff. Then he fell into the water with a crash that sent spray over the old man and over all of the skiff. (Hemingway )美文欣赏4 （A formal official Letter）Liao Chengzhi' s Letter to Mr. Chiang Ching-KuoDear brother Ching-Kuo,No one ever expected that a strip of water should have become so vast a distance. It is now 36 years since our brief rendezvous in Nanjing. From our childhood friendship to our chats in the Soviet capital, everything in the past is still alive in my memory. But it's unfortunate that we haven't heard from each other for so many years. Recently I was told that you are somewhat indisposed and this has caused me much concern. Men in their seventies are often afflicted with illness. I sincerely hope that you will take good care of yourself.Over the past three years, our party has repeatedly proposed talks with your party to bury the hatchet and work jointly to accomplish the great cause of national reunification. But you have time and again announced that there should be "no contact, no talks and no compromise", which I think is inadvisable. Considering both the public interests and our close friendship which has lasted for generations, I regard it as my duty to offer some advice which I hope you will consider carefully.The peaceful reunification of the motherland would be a great achievement to be recorded in history. Taiwan is bound to return to the embrace of the motherland eventually. An early settlement would be in the interest of all. The compatriots in Taiwan would be able to live in peace and happiness, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan straits would no longer have to endure the pains of separation from their kith and kin, and the elders in Taiwan and those who have moved there from the mainland would all be properly placed and provided for. And this would contribute to the stability of Asia and the Pacific region as well as to world peace. You used to spur yourself on with the axiom: "The interests to be considered should be the interests of all; the fame to be sought should be a fame that would last forever.” If the great cause of reunification would be accomplis hed through your work, you will certainly win the esteem of the nation and the praise of all. You would be doing meritorious service to the country and your name would be inscribed in the temple of fame. It is preposterous to regard such a service as “guilt”. After all, putting up in that tight eastern comer is not a long-term solution. This is of course quite clear for a man as intelligent as you. Hesitation, procrastination or leaving the problem to other days would only lead to difficulty and distress and you, my brother, £®would hardly be able to escape the blame. Moreover, peacefulreunification is entirely an internal affair of China. Those outsiders who talk glibly about it have designs on our Taiwan. This is common knowledge. When a decision needs to be made, irresolution is bound to bring trouble. I hope you will consider this carefully.The Kuomintang, founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen endured countless hardships and finally overthrew the monarchy and established the republic; numerous revolutionaries advanced wave after wave and laid down their lives for the cause. History has recorded this as a glorious contribution. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party twice cooperated and on both occasions they made tremendous contributions to the country and the nation. We know something about the fast cooperation, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, though we were still young at that time. The second cooperation proceeded with your father in the chair and, as participants in it, we should know what it was all about. Though the matter was as complicated as could be, an all-round view of the situation would show that cooperation is beneficial to the country and the nation while division is detrimental to them. Since you are presiding over the administration of Taiwan, you have unshirkable responsibility for the realization of cooperation for the third time. It would be easier to talk the matter over when leaders on both sides used to be schoolmates and close friends who know one another well. I find it really hard for me to subscribe to those views which describe cooperation as "surrender", "humiliating", "suffering losses" or "being duped. In reviewing history or looking forward to the future, one should bear in mind the public interest, the interests of the country and the nation, and use this as the supreme criterion, instead of basing oneself on a party's selfish interests. Such talks as "reunifying China with the Three People's Principles" are regarded by all sensible people as unrealistic, deceptive and self-deceiving. People of¡£ generation know the true meaning of the Three People's Principles quite well and there is no need to argue about it. Neither is there any need to dwell on such assertions as Taiwan's "economic prosperity, democracy and easy livelihood", the truth of which the venerable gentlemen in Taiwan know clearly. For the sake of your party, I would think that if you would take up the historical responsibility and resolutely take part in peace talks to accomplish national reunification as required by time and tide, the two parties would be able to co-exist for a long time to come, supervising each other while joining in the glorious effort to revitalize China. Otherwise how the situation existing in that small corner could be maintained for long? This is a question those who are sensible are already turning over in their minds. It involves the survival and development of the Kuomintang and I hope you will think it over again.I recently read one of your writings in which you expressed "fervent hopes that my father's soul would be able to return to the homeland and be reunited with the forefathers". I was overwhelmed with emotion when I read this. The remains of your father are still placed temporarily at Cihu. After reunification, they would be moved back and buried in the native soil---in Fenghua, Nanjing or Lushan---in fulfillment of your filial wishes. You recently said, "filial devotion should be expanded into national devotion, which means love of the nation and dedication to the country". This is an excellent statement. Why don't you apply it to the great cause of national reunification? As far as the country and nation are concerned, this would be an expression of both loyalty and filial piety. Otherwise how could you account for yourself after your passing away? It is hoped that you would think more about it.Dear brother! Your life has been marked by frustration, which should not be attributed to fate. Everything depends on yourself. The good and ill to be judged in the next thousand years hinge on the decision made in a moment. The present international situation is capricious. Throughout Taiwan people of all strata are talking about their future. Time does not stay and brief is the day. A long night is fraught with dreams; time does not wait for us. I hope you, my brother, would be good at making the choice and repair the house before it rains. Vast is the expanse of sky and water. What are you waiting for, staying away from home?The longing for old friends grows with age. If it is convenient to you, I would pack and set out for a visit to Taibei to seek enlightenment from our elders. "For all the disasters the brotherhood has remained; a smile at meeting and enmity is banished.” When I look towards the distant southern sky, my heart is already there. No word is enough to express what I wish to say. It is hoped that you will take good care of yourself. I am waiting impatiently for a reply.Please convey my regards to your mother as well as to Fang-Liang, Wei-Kuo and the children.Best wishes to you,Liao ChengzhiJuly 24, 1982An informal Letter (A student to a teacher)Prof. ChenMar. 26, 1987I have just received your letter of March 21. 1 was happy to hear that you are well and that you are invited to give lectures in Xi'an Foreign Languages Institute during the summer vacation. How nice it will be to see you again!Things here are going smoothly; and I haven't a thing to be unhappy about. I'd like to thank you heartily for your deep concern about me and great confidence in me.For the next three weeks there will be a general checkup on our teaching work and studies. I have already drawn up a plan with the help of other teachers. According to the requirements of the administration of our university, I intend to do the work in this way:a) Organize two demonstration lessons, one for the first grade teachers, the other for the second grade teachers.b) The teachers will attend each other's classes at least once during the period.c) Organize meetings of students of different grades so as to solicit their opinions and suggestions.The plan is based on the consideration that good experience should be popularized and shortcomings overcome as soon as possible.Please let me have your advice and instructions in regard to this plan.I was very glad to know that you are getting on well with your book. I wish it would come out soon, for I'm sure I can get a great deal from it. I hope you and your wife are enjoying yourselves in Beijing.You say your wife will go to the U. S. next month to see your daughter. Who will take care of you during her one-month stay in the U. S? Don't hesitate to ask Huang Yaping, Qi Min and others for help when you need it.Best wishes,Your student，Ding Xiaoya。

(完整版)常用英语语法术语表_中英

常用英语语法术语表达语法 grammar句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank句子 sentence从句 clause词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concrete noun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses动态动词dynamic verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词adverb of adjunct连接性副词 adverb of conjunct疑问副词 interrogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender阳性 masculine阴性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 simple present tense一般过去时 simple past tense一般将来时 simple future tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic。

高考英语语法大全固定搭配用法总结

高考英语语法大全固定搭配用法总结考试英语语法大全：常规搭配用法总结高考专业术语大全：固定搭配用法总结【重点精华】1.It’sthefirsttimethat.(从句中用现在完成时)Itwasforthefirsttimethat(强调句，对状语forthefirsttime进行强调)It’s(high)timethat..(从句中用过去时或shoulddo)2.It’sthesamewithsb./Soitiswithsb.表示某人也如此(用于前句中每种既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词)3.beabouttodo/bedoingwhen.正要做/正在做就在那时.4.Aistwice/threetimesas+原级+asBA是B的两倍/三倍Aistwice/threetimesthen.ofB.A的是B的两倍/三倍Aistwice/threetimes+比较级+thanBA比B多两倍/三倍5.It’sawasteoftime/m oneydoing/todo做浪费时间/金钱It’snouse/gooddoing做是没有用的It’spossible/probable/(un)likelythat.很可能Itmakesgreat/nosensetodo做某事很有/没意义6.There’snouse/gooddoing.做没有用There’snosense/point(in)doing做没有意义Thereisnoneedforsth./todo.没有过必要做Thereis(no)possibilitythat(同位语从句)很可能/没可能7.The+比较级..,the+比较级越..,越.注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时;8.Itseems/appears(tosb.)thatsb.在某人看来某人=Sb.seems/appearstobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone..Itseems/look sasif.好象/似乎..9.It(so)happenedthatsb...某人碰巧..=Sb.happenedtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone..10.Itissaid/thought/believed/hoped/supposed.thatsb=Sb.issaidt obe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone.(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope 则不能变成简单句，因为无hopesb.todo结构)[要学习网一直在为调动你的学习积极性而努力]12..such.that.如此.以致于(引导结果状语从句).such..as像..的这种(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13.DoyoumindifIdosth.?/WouldyoumindifIdidsth.?你介意我做吗?14.Thechanceisthat../(The)Chancesarethat.很可能.15.Check/Makesure/Seetoit/Seethat..(从句中常用一般现在之时)确信/务必..16.dependonitthat..取决于seetoitthat.负责/设法做到.注意：除了except/but/in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语;17.Itis/was+介词短语/从句/名词/代词等+thatHow/When/Where/Whyis/wasitthat..?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为指出人的词时，还可用who 连接;强调主语时，定冠词从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致;注意与定语从句的区别)18.Howisitthat..(这几个句式都表示“怎么会.?”“怎么发生的?”)He+从句?Howdoes/eabout?(Howdiditcomeaboutthat.?)如:Heyouarelateagain?19.Thereseems/appears/happenstobe/mustbe/can’tbe/is(are,was, were)saidtobe/is(are,was,were)thoughttobe.表示“.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/据说有/认为有..”介词(如of)therebeingwant/wish/expecttheretobe要/希望/期待有..adj./adv.enoughfortheretobe.足够.会有.注意：therebeing/theretobe为therebe的非谓语形式;Itissaid/thoughtthatthereis/are=Thereis/was/are/weresaid(t hought)tobe.如：Eg:Ihaveneverdreamoftherebeingsuchagoodchanceforme.Itwon’tbe coldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight.20.疑问词+插入语+陈述语序?Eg:Whodoyouthinkhe’llhaveattendthemeeting?21.Butfor+n./pron.,sb./sth.would(not)havedone..要不是.,某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=Ifithadnotbeenfor..,./Iftherehadnotbeen..22.Itwon(’t)belongbefore+从句(从句中用一般现如今时)不久/很久就要.Itwas(not)longbefore+从句(从句中用一般过去之时)不久/很久才..23.Thosewho.(从句及主句中会复数谓语动词用复数形式).Anyonewho=Whoever..(从句及主句中谓语介词用单数单数形式)24.主句(一般现在时或最近时)...when从句.(might/shoulddo或might/shouldhavedone)表示”对比”,意思为“本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气Eg:Whyareyouherewhenyoushouldbeinschool?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceeded.本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25.Thereis./Sb.havenodoubtthat(同位语从句,that不可省略)毫无疑问Thereis/Sb.havesomedoubtwhether..(同位语从句不可用if)不确定是否Sb.doubtif/whether.某人怀疑是否Sb.don’tdoubtthat某人不怀疑26.immediately/directly/instantly/themoment+从句on/upon+n./doingNosoonerhadsb.donethan.(过去时)Hardlyhadsb.donewhen..(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一.就”;27.everytime/eachtime/thelasttime/thefirsttime/nexttime+从句(名词性短语引导一个时间状语句)anywhere/everywhere+从句(相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句)Eg:Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Nexttimeye,pleasebringyoursonalong.28.Ifonly/Iwish+从句(用过去类时态)表示虚拟语气,“要是.就好了”“但愿就好了!”29.Considering+n.或pron.或that从句/Seeingthat.考虑到/鉴于.Given+n./pron作状语,表示“在有的情况下”“如果有”“假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Eg:Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldhe lphiGivengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.Giventheirinexpe rience/thattheyareinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.30.There wasatimewhen.曾经有那么一度.31.otherthan与no,not,none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:Eg:ItwasnoneotherthanMr.Smith.这正是Smith先生.32.Notuntil.did/do/does/willsb.doItwas/isnotuntilthatsb33.It’s(un)likesb.todo/tohavedone做某事很像某人/做某事可不像某人34.ItremainstobeseenWh--words..是否.还有待于看.(不用that,if作连接词)35.Itonlyremainsforsb.todo剩余的只是要某人做某事.Eg:We’vegoteverythingready.Itonlyremainsforyoutocometodinner .36.Onemoment.,andnow刚才一会儿还在做而现在却..37.Notall/both/everyone表示部分否定38.Suchis/are..这(些)就是.(谓语代词单复数由后面名词决定)39.I’drather(not)do/havedone我宁愿..I’drather+从句(从句中用过去时或过去完成时)40.It’simportant/necessary/strange/surprising.+that(用陈述语气或shoulddo)41.Ilike/hate/appreciateitthat/when等从句(it表示后面从句的这种情况)Eg:Iappreciateitifyouwillgivemeahand.42.Bythetime+从句(一般现在时/过去时)，主句(将来完成时/过去完成时)43.,asisoftenthecasewithsb./asisusualwithsb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44incase/lest/forfearthat.(从句中用陈述言语或shoulddo)45.While置于句首可表示Aslongas或AlthoughEg:Whilethereislifethereishope.[要学习网一直在为调动你的学习积极性而努力]WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisbadones.46.cannot(never)too+adj.(adv.)/adj.(adv.)+enough“越越好”“非常”too+adj.(anxious/eager/willing/ready/glad等)+todo.表示肯定意思Eg:Ican’tthankyouenough.我非常感激你.Hewastoogladtoseehisfather.=Hewasverygladtoseehisfather.47.no t/neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：Eg:-----Doyouagreewithhissuggestion?-------Ican’tagreemore.48.Whatif..要是.怎么办?Eg:Whatifhedoesn’tcometomorrow?49.more..than与其.不如..Eg:Heismorenervousthanfrightened.50.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际透露的意思相反)Eg:Itistwoyearssincehedrank.他不能喝酒已两年了.高考英语语法大全：固定搭配用法阐述(一)1.It’sthefirsttimethat(从句中用现在完成时)Itwasforthefirsttimethat(强调句，对状语forthefirsttime进行强调)It’s(high)timethat(从句中用过去时或shoulddo)2.It’sthesamewithsb/Soitiswithsb表示某人也如此(前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词)3.beabouttodo/bedoingwhen正要做/正在做就在那时4.Aistwice/threetimesas+原级+asBA是B的两倍/三倍Aistwice/threetimesthen.ofB.A的是B的两倍/三倍Aistwice/threetimes+比较级+thanBA比B多两倍/三倍5.It’sawasteoftime/moneydoing/todosth做浪费时间/金钱It’snouse/gooddoing做是没有用的It’spossible/probable/(un)likelythat很可能Itmakesgreat/nosensetodo做某事很有/没意义6.There’snouse/gooddoing做没有用There’snosense/point(in)doing做没有意义Thereisnoneedforsth/todo没有过必要做Thereis(no)possibilitythat(同位语从句)很可能/没可能7.The+比较级,the+比较级越,越注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替从今以后时;8.Itseems/appears(tosb)thatsb在某人看来某人=Sb.seems/appearstobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedoneItseems/looksa sif好象/似乎9.It(so)happenedthatsb某人碰巧=Sb.happenedtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone10.Itissaid/thought /believed/hoped/supposedthatsb=Sb.issaidtobe/todo/tobedoing/t ohavedone(注意：这种片语里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hopesb.todo结构)12.suchthat如此以致于(引导结果状语从句)suchas像的这种(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13.DoyoumindifIdosth.?/WouldyoumindifIdidsth.?你介意我做吗?14.Thechanceisthat/(The)Chancesarethat很可能15.Check/Makesure/Seetoit/Seethat(从句中所常用一般现在时)确信/务必16.dependonitthat取决于seetoitthat负责/设法做到注意：除了except/but/in等介词可以直接留that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语;17.Itis/was+介词短语/从句/名词/代词等+thatHow/When/Where/Whyis/wasitthat?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who 连接;强调主语时，上面从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致;注意与定语从句的区别)18.Howisitthat(这几个句型都表示“怎么会?”“怎么发生的?”)He+从句?Howdoes/eabout?(Howdiditcomeaboutthat?)如:Heyouarelateagain?19.Thereseems/appears/happenstobe/mustbe/can’tbe/is(are,was, were)saidtobe/is(are,was,were)thoughttobe表示“.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/据说有/认为有”介词(如of)therebeingwant/wish/expecttheretobe要/希望/期待有adj./adv.enoughfortheretobe足够会有注意：therebeing/theretobe为therebe的非谓语形式;Itissaid/thoughtthatthereis/are=Thereis/was/are/weresaid(t hought)tobe如：Eg:They’veneverdreamoftherebeingsuchagoodchanceforme.Itwon’tbecoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight.20.疑问词+插入语+陈述语序?Eg:Whodoyouthinkhe’llhaveattendthemeeting?高考英语语法大全：固定搭配用法总结(二)21.Butfor+n/pron,sb./sth.would(not)havedone不是,某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=Ifithadnotbeenfor/Iftherehadnotbeen22.Itwon(’t)belongbefore+从句(从句中用一般现在时)不久/很久就要Itwas(not)longbefore+从句(从句中用一般过去时)不久/很久才23.Thosewho(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式).Anyonewho=Whoever(从句谓语及主句中谓语动词用单数方式)24主句(一般现在时或过往时)when从句(might/shoulddo或might/shouldhavedone)表示”对比”,意思为“本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气Eg:Whyareyouherewhenyoushouldbeinschool?你峭腹上学的怎么在这儿?Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceeded.本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25.Thereis/Sbhavenodoubtthat(同位语从句,that不可省略)毫无疑问Thereis/Sbhavesomedoubtwhether(同位语从句不可用if)不确定是否Sb.doubtif/whether某人怀疑是否Sb.don’tdoubtthat某人不怀疑26.immediately/directly/instantly/themoment+从句on/upon+n./doingNosoonerhadsb.donethan(过去时)Hardlyhadsb.donewhen(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一就”;27.everytime/eachtime/thelasttime/thefirsttime/nexttime+从句(名词性短语引导一个时间棒状语句)anywhere/everywhere+从句(相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句)Eg:Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Nexttimeye,pleasebringyoursonalong.28.Ifonly/Iwish+从句(用过去类时态)表示虚拟语气,“要是就好了”“但愿就好了!”29.considering+n.或pron.或that从句/seeingthat考虑到/鉴于Given+n./pron作状语,表示“在有的情况下”“如果有”“假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Eg:Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldhe lphiGivengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.Giventheirinexperience/thattheyareinexperienced,they’vedonea goodjob.30.Therewasatimewhen曾经有那么一度31.otherthan与no,not,none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:Eg:ItwasnoneotherthanMr.Smith.这正是Smith先生.32.Notuntildid/do/does/willsb.doItwas/isnotuntilthatsb33.It’s(un)likesb.todo/tohavedone做某事很像某人/做某事可不像某人34.ItremainstobeseenWh-words是否还有待于看.(不用that,if作连接词)35.Itonlyremainsforsb.todo剩下的只是要某人做某事.Eg:We’vegoteverythingready.Itonlyremainsforyoutocometodin ner.高考英语语法大全：下挂搭配用法总结(三)36.Onemoment,andnow刚才一会儿还在做而现在却37.Notall/both/everyone表示部分否定38.Suchis/are这(些)就是(谓语动词单复数由词语后面名词决定)39.I’drather(not)do/h avedone我宁愿..I’drather+从句(从句譬如过去定冠词时或过去完成时)40.It’simportant/necessary/strange/surprisingthat(用陈述语气或shoulddo)41.Ilike/hate/appreciateitthat/when等从句(it表示后面从句的这种情况)Eg:Iappreciateitifyouwillgivemeahand.42.bythetime+从句(一般现在时/过去时)，主句(将来完成时/过去完成时)43.asisoftenthecasewithsb./asisusualwithsb.(as引导而非限制性定语从句)44incase/lest/forfearthat(从句中用陈述语气或shoulddo)45.While置于句首可表示Aslongas或AlthoughEg:Whilethereislifethereishope.WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisbadones.46.cannot(never)too+adj(a dv)/adj(adv)+enough“越越好”“非常”too+adj(anxious/eager/willing/ready/glad等)+todo表示肯定意思Eg:Ican’tthankyouenough.我非常感激你.Hewastoogladtoseehisfather.=Hewasverygladtoseehisfather.47.no t/never等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：Eg:--Doyouagreewithhissuggestion?--Ican’tagre emore.48.Whatif要是怎么办?Eg:Whatifhedoesn’tcometomorrow?49.morethan与其不如Eg:Heismorenervousthanfrightened.50.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)Eg:Itistwoyearssincehedrank.他不喝酒已两年了.。

英语素材：排球常用术语英语Volleyball

排球常用术语英语V olleyballAttack:The attempt by one team to terminate the play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponent's side. 攻击，进攻；指一方队员将球打到对方的地面，使对方无法接起而终止比赛。

Attacker:Also "hitter" and "spiker." A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the purpose of terminating play in his or her team's favor. 主攻手，为了自己或自己球队的利益而进攻性打球的队员。

Block:The combination of one, two or three players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands. 拦网，由一人到三人组成联盟，在对方主攻手前跳起，用手拦挡进攻的球。

Bump:Descriptive slang for forearm passing.Cross-Court Shot:An individual attack directed at an angle from one end of the offensive team's side of the net to the opposite sideline of the defensive team's court.Dig:Slang for the art of retrieving an attacked ball close to the floor.Down Ball:An attacked ball from the opponent that the blockers assess as not being hit hard enough or being contacted too deep in the opponent's court to require a block attempt.Forearm Pass:One of the six basic volleyball skills. It is a ball-handling skill that a players uses to legally contact the ball at a level below the waist using the forearms as the contact surface.Free Ball:Any ball that the opponent returns easily, allowing the blockers enough time to get back into their attack-approach positions before the ball crosses the net.世界杯英语词汇：黄牌任意球世界杯赛场上擂鼓齐鸣，场外的你我不管是不是球迷，这一刻，总会把目光投向飞扬的足球……如若看过昨晚韩国队对多哥的比赛，想必您不会对下面这句话感到陌生：But seconds after Togo captain Jean-Paul Abalo was sent off for getting his second yellow card, Lee Chun-soo sent a free kick over the defensive wall and past Togo goalkeeper Kossi Agassa for the equalizer in the 54th minute.这句话里，有好几个足球术语：yellow card（黄牌）；free kick（任意球）；goalkeeper（守门员）；equalizer （拉平比分的得分）。

2024届高考英语阅读理解高频词清单

高中阅读理解高频词1.excite 激发2.scholar 学术3.perspective 视角4.practical 实际的5.application 应用6.suitcase 行李箱7.cupboard 橱柜，衣柜8.hallway 门厅，走廊9.authentic 原作的，正宗的10.master v.精通，掌握n.大师，主人11.shame 羞愧，羞耻12.a couple of 几个13.cardboard 纸板箱14.explode 爆炸15.bomb 炸弹16.efficiency 效率17.contractor 承包商，利约人18.tax paying 纳税19.bake 烘焙20.bunny 兔子21.plant 植物，工厂，发电厂22.wage 工资23.belt 传送带24.attach 系，贴，覆25.pile up 堆积26.reserve 预留，保留，储存27.technical 技术上的28.excuse 借口，原谅29.remove 移开，拿开30.stay on 继续停留31.move on 继续前进32.witness 目击，见证33.deliver 接生，传递，履行，发表34.breathtaking 激动人心的35.out-of-this world 极美的，世外桃源的36.put...into place 把......放在合适的位置37.highlight 突出，强调38.best- rated 评价非常高的39.recreation 娱乐，消遣40.be desired to do 旨在做......，被设计去做......41.windsurfing 风帆冲浪，帆版运动42.demonstration 演示，展示43.essential 必不可少的，必需品44.skateboarder 滑板运动员45.mechanics 机械学，力学46.switch 改变，切换，开关，切换，假发47.knee 膝盖48.elbow 肘部49.pad 护具50.knot 结51.helmet 头盔52.campsite 营地53.inappropriate 不合适的54.issue v.发行，发布，颁发n.议题，问题，期刊号55.certificate 证书56.discount 打折57.camp-goers 露营爱好者58.autographical 自传体的59.correspondence 通信，信件60.relatively 相对的，相当的61.memoir 回忆录62.integrate 合并，成为一体63.context 语境，上下文64.political 政治的65.intellectual 智力的66.artistic 艺术的67.humanitarian 人道主义的68.revolution 革命69.attendance 出席，出勤70.recharge 恢复体力，恢复精力71.collective 集体的，共同体的72.at all point 完全的，彻底的，73.construct 建造，构建74.discharge 释放75.reach across 横跨76.preface 前言mand 命令78.insist on 坚持panion 陪伴80.document 文件，记录，记载81.press 出版社82.insight 洞察83.reputation 名誉84.entry v.进入，加入n.参赛作品，参赛人数，账目，记录85.rank 等级，排名，地位ndfill 垃圾填埋87.sustainability 持续性88.peel 皮89.foodstuff 食品90.concrete 混凝土91.cement 水泥92.emission 排放物93.recipe 食谱，秘诀，烹饪法94.durability 持久性ponent 成分96.ground 渣，地面97.coaster 杯托98.dish 盘子99.patent 专利，100.currently 目前101.novel adj.新颖的n.小说102.prospect 展望，预期，前景103.innovation 革新，新鲜的事物104.solid adj.坚固的n.固体105.delicate 虚弱的，脆弱的，精致的。

系统集成项目管理考试常用英语

权力（Power）
责任分配矩阵（Responsibility Assignment Matrix，RAM）
存在/相互关系/成长发展（Existence/Relatedness/Growth，ERG）
五、项目成本管理
净现值（Net Present Value，NPV）
净现值率（Net Present Value Ratio，NPVR）
一、项目管理基础术语
项目（Project）
运营、操作（Operation）
一般管理（General Management）
项目管理（Project Management）
大型项目（Program）
子项目（Subproject）
项目阶段（Project Phase）
项目生命周期（Project Life Cycle）
应急规划（Contingency Planning）
风险回避（Risk Avoidance）
风险转移（Risk Transference）
竞争优势/竞争劣势/机会/威胁（Strengthness/Opportunity/Threat，
SWOT）
期望货币值（Expected Money Value，EMV）
阶段出口或终止点（Phase exit or kill point）
项目利益相关者/项目干系人（Stakeholder）
过程（Process）
控制（Control）
PDCA（P—Plan，计划；D—Do，执行；C—Check，检查；A—Act，处理）
项目管理知识体系（Project Management Body Of Knowledge，PMBOK）
浮动时间（Float）

外贸常用英文单词

英汉对照报关常用单词、词组1．invoice 发票2．invoice no. 发票编号3．port of shipment 起运地4．port of destination 目的地，到达地5．date of shipment 装船日期，出运口岸6．marks & no. 唛头7．commodity code 商品编码8．description 品名9．quantity 数量10．price 价格11．unit price 单价12．total amount 总价13．net weight 净重14．gross weight 毛重15．measurement 尺码16．packing 包装17．sales contract No. 售货合同编号18．packing list 装箱单19．package No. 包装箱号码20．total packages 包装总数21．case No. 箱号22．specification 规格23．country of origin 生产国别，原产国24．contract of purchase 订购合同英汉对照报关常用缩写语1．B/L (Bill of Lading) 提单2．L/C (Letter of Credit) 信用证3．D/P (Documents against Payment) 付款交单4．D/A (Documents against Acceptance) 承兑交单5．T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) 电汇6．CF，C/F (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费价格7．C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险费加运费价格8．F.O.B. (Free On Board) 装运港船上交货价格9．F.A.Q. (Fair Average Quality) 良好平均品质10．FCL (Full Container Load) 整箱货11．LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼箱货12．D/D (Demand Draft) 即期汇票13．P.A. (Particular Average) 单独海损14．F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险15．W.P.A. (With Particular Average) 水渍险16．G.A. (General Average) 共同海损17．LIBOR (London Inter Bank Offered Fate) 伦敦银行同业拆放利率18．EXW (Ex Works) 工厂交货19．FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人20．DAF (Delivered at Frontier) 边境交货21．DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货22．DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) 目的港码头交货23．DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) 未完税交货24．DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货报关员考试外贸英语常用业务术语在国际贸易中，contract 和sales confirmation 均可用来指合同，但是contract指的都是正式合同（long form contract ），sales confirmation 指的却是简式合同（short form contract）。

英语中常见术语

1、Business Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上17、Introductions 说明18、One Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行25、Safety First 安全第一26、Filling Station 加油站27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parting 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F. 快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递38、Insert Here 此处插入39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴55、Not for Sale 恕不出售56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手66、Complaint Box 意见箱67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所80、Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所81、Occupied （厕所）有人82、Vacant （厕所）无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处。

汽车专业英语术语汇总(复习资料)

UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS Body:车身chassis:底盘stream-lined:流线wind resistance:风阻Frame:车架the power train:传动系统the drive train:驱动系a unitized body:承载式车身unibody:整体式汽车车身suspension system:悬架系统steering system:转向系统braking system(制动系统) suspension system:悬架系统shock absorber:减振器control arm:控制臂、导向机构steering gears:转向器steering wheel:转向盘idler arm:随动臂tie rods:横拉杆power steering:动力转向Power booster:助力器master cylinder:制动主缸Disc brake:盘式制动drum brake:鼓式制动Brake pedal:制动踏板brake system:制动系统stopping power:制动力Hydraulic brakes:液压制动brake pedal:制动踏板brake fluid:制动液brake lines:制动管路cylinders:轮缸brake shoes:制动蹄drum:制动鼓disc brake:盘式制动器pliers:老虎钳squeeze:挤进,握紧;夹紧rotating disc:旋转制动盘Drum brake:鼓式制动器gasoline-burning piston engine:活塞式汽油发动机Diesel-fuel burning engines:柴油发动机Fuel system:供给系统exhaust system:排气系统Cooling system:冷却系统lubrication system:润滑系统ignition system:点火系统electric spark:电火花air-fuel mixture:可燃混合气cylinder:汽缸ignition switch:点火开关current:电流storage battery:蓄电池ignition coil:点火线圈Distributor:分电器spark plug:火花塞compression ignition engines:压燃式发动机charging circuit:充电电路regulator:电压调节器alternator (or generator):发电机mechanical energy:机械能electrical energy:电能maximum voltage:最大电压fuel system:燃料供给系统fuel pump:燃油泵Filter:滤清器carburetor:化油器fuel injection system:燃油喷射系统combustible mixture:可燃混合气manifold:进气管exhaust system:排气系统carbon monoxide:一氧化碳hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)oxides of nitrogen:氮氧化合物emission control system:排放控制系统cooling system:冷却系统combustion chamber:燃烧室coolant:冷却液Radiator:散热器water pump:水泵hollow:空的、空洞的block:汽缸体head:汽缸盖Defroster:(除冰(或霜)装置) Lubrication system润滑系统lubricant:润滑剂piston rings:活塞环cylinder walls:汽缸壁oil filter:机油滤清器Transmission:变速器wheel bearings:车轮轴承differential:差速器steering linkage:转向链接机构power train:传动系统transmission:变速器shift lever:变速杆clutch:离合器Transmission:变速器torque:转矩Differential:差速器drive /propeller shaft:传动轴universal joints:万向节axle movement:轴向运动flexible universal joints:活动万向节Differential:差速器UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEinternal combustion engine:内燃机liquefied petroleum gas(LPG):液化石油气Compressed natural gas(CNG):压缩天然气drive shaft:驱动轴rear-wheel-drive arrangement:后轮驱动布置形式front-wheel-drive arrangement:前轮驱动布置形式drive wheels:驱动轮mid-engine arrangement:发动机中置Pistons:活塞reciprocate:往复spark ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机compression ignition(CI) engine:压燃式发动机electric ignition system:电子点火系统spark plug:火花塞ignite:点燃cylinders:气缸combustion:燃烧compression-ignition engine:压燃式发动机diesel engine:柴油机Spray:喷入heavy-duty trucks:重型货车spark-ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机fuel system:燃料供给系统ignition system:点火系统lubricating system:润滑系统cooling system:冷却系统fuel system:燃料供给系统combustible mixture:可燃混合物air/fuel mixture:空气燃料混合气ignition system:点火系统spark plug:火花塞air/fuel mixture:可燃混合气lubricating oil:润滑油lubricating system:润滑系统oil pump:机油泵reservoir:贮存器; 油箱exhaust gas:排气cooling system:冷却系统exhaust system:排气系统emission-control system:排放控制系统starting system:启动系统Crank:转动曲柄starting motor:启动马达internal combustion engine:内燃机chemical energy:化学能heat energy:热能mechanical energy:机械能air/fuel ratio:空燃比Diesel engines:柴油机intake:进气connecting rod:连杆crankshaft:曲轴reciprocating movement/back and forth movement/up and down movement(往复运动) rotary motion/ turning motion:(旋转运动) crankshaft:曲轴Efficiency:效率potential energy:潜能mechanical energy:机械能overall efficiency:总效率compression ratio:压缩比air/fuel ratio:空燃比uppermost position/(TDC, top dead center:上止点lowest position/BDC, bottom dead center:下止点stroke:行程four stroke-cycle Gasoline Engine: intake stroke:进气行程compression stroke:压缩行程power stroke:作功行程exhaust stroke:排气行程revolution:转、圈connecting rod:连杆intake valve:进气门camshaft:凸轮轴pressure difference:压力差air/fuel mixture:空气/燃料混合气compression ratio:压缩比TDC:上止点exhaust valve:排气门exhaust gases:废气starter motor:启动马达ignition key:点火钥匙start position:启动位置Flywheel:飞轮UNIT 3 AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM (汽车润滑系统) 3.1 Lubrication Principles 润滑原理Friction:摩擦primary job:基本任务Residual oil:残留的机油Lubricant:滑润剂hydrodynamic:液力的oil adhesion:机油粘度sliding friction:滑动摩擦Pressure-Lubrication System压力润滑系统oil pan:油底壳block:汽缸体oil pump:油泵drain plug:放油螺塞oil-pan gasket:油底壳垫圈Passageway:油道oil filter:机油滤清器Crankcase:曲轴箱tube:管filter screen:滤网gear-type:齿轮泵rotor-type:转子泵full-flow filtering system:全流式滤清器pressure-relief valve:安全阀bypass valve:旁通阀camshaft(凸轮轴)main bearing:主轴承camshaft bearing:凸轮轴轴承Foam inhibitor:泡沫抑制剂UNIT 4 THE COOLING SYSTEM(冷却系统) exhaust system:排气系统cylinder wall:汽缸壁piston:活塞cylinder head:汽缸盖oil film:油膜fuel mileage:燃油经济性exhaust emissions:废气排放liquid cooling:水冷air cooling:风冷water jacket:水套thermostat:节温器water pump:水泵radiator:散热器radiator cap:散热器盖cooling fan:冷却风扇hoses:软管expansion tank:膨胀水箱overflow tank:溢流水箱4.1 Water Pump(水泵)centrifugal pump:离心泵centrifugal force:离心力4.2 Water Jacket(水套)hot spot:热点valve seat:气门座valve guide:气门导管cylinder wall:汽缸壁combustion chamber:燃烧室4.3 Radiator(散热器)heat exchanger:热交换器4.4 Pressure Cap(散热器盖)boiling point:沸点pressure release valve:减压阀, 安全阀overflow tube:溢流管overflow tank:溢流箱4.5 Thermostat(节温器)4.6 Fancooling fan:冷却风扇constant temperature:常温thermostatic switch:温控开关UNIT 5 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMFuel injection system:燃油喷射系统purely mechanical:纯机械的electronic fuel injection system:电子燃油喷射系统feedback control:反馈控制emission:排放solenoid valve:电磁阀injector:喷油器best power:最佳动力性best emission:最佳排放性best economy:最佳经济性rich condition:浓(混合气)工况lean condition:稀(混合气)工况5.3 Fuel System(燃油系统)fuel rail:油轨regulator:压力调节器return line:回油管fuel manifold:燃油歧管intake manifold:进气歧管5.4 Air Metering and Measurement 空气计量butterfly valve:传统碟形阀throttle body assembly:节气门体总成Mass Airflow:质量流量Speed Density:速度密度spring loaded flap:翼片potentiometer:电位计heated wire:加热电阻丝voltage signal:电压信号5.5 Most EFI systems measure the same basic 6 input 大多数EFI系统检测6个基本输入(信号)RPM(转速)ignition coil:点火线圈magnetic sensor:磁脉冲传感器Hall effect sensor:霍尔效应传感器Manifold Pressure (进气歧管压力)Throttle Position (节气门位置)Water Temperatureinjector pulse width:喷油器脉冲宽度Air Temperature5.6 Oxygen Sensor(氧传感器)closed loop systems:闭环系统oxygen content:氧含量air/fuel ratio:空燃比open loop mode:开环模式UNIT 6 EXHAUST SYSTEMexhaust system:排气系统Exhaust gas:废气combustion chamber:燃烧室muffler:消声器catalytic converter:催化转换器6.2 The Muffler(消声器)backpressure:背压exhaust valve:排气门6.3 The Exhaust Manifold and Headerexhaust manifold:排气歧管cylinder head:气缸盖intake manifold:进气歧管UNIT 7 THE IGNITION SYSTEM(点火系统) breaker point type ignition system:触点型点火系统electronic ignition system:电子点火系统distributorless ignition system: 无分电器点火系统)timing of the spark plug firing: 火花塞点火次序spark plug gap:火花塞间隙7.1 Point-Type Ignition System (触点型点火系统)electrical circuit:电路primary circuit:初级回路secondary circuit:次级回路breaker point:触点ignition switch:点火开关secondary winding:次级线圈high-tension lead:高压导线distributor:分电器coil:点火线圈distributor cap:分电器盖distributor rotor:分火头controlling element:控制元件primary current:初级电流Distributor:配电器7.2 Electronic Ignition Systems(电子点火系统)electronic control module:电子控制模块7.3 Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS) (无分电器点火系统)spark timing:点火正时Ignition Control Unit (ICU):点火控制单元Engine Control Unit (ECU):发动机控制单元firing order:点火顺序Top Dead Center (TDC):上止点UNIT 8 CLUTCHdrive line/drive train:传动系统Clutch:离合器transmission:变速器drive shaft:传动轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成clutch disc:离合器片pressure plate:压盘pressure plate cover:离合器盖friction mechanism:摩擦机构engine torque:发动机扭矩gear ratio:传动比clutch pedal:离合器踏板driven member:从动件transmission input shaft:变速器输入轴driving members:主动件crankshaft:曲轴torsional shock:扭转振动starter motor:启动马达splined hub:花键毂spline:花键diaphragm spring:膜片弹簧centrifugal force:离心力release bearing:分离轴承disengagement mechanism:分离机构hydraulic system:液压系统hydraulic mechanism:液压机构clutch master cylinder:离合器主缸hydraulic fluid:制动液clutch release cylinder:离合器分离缸UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(自动变速器)fluid coupling(液力偶合器)torque converter(变矩器rear wheel drive(后轮驱动)front wheel drive(前轮驱动).drive shaft(驱动轴)final drive(主减速器)rear axle(后轴)rear wheels(后轮)transaxle(驱动桥)Front axles(前桥)planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组) 9.1hydraulic system(液力系统)9.2Planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)sun gear(太阳轮)ring gear(齿圈)planet gears(行星轮)constant mesh(常啮合common carrier(行星架)input shaft(输入轴)output shaft(输出轴)9.2 Clutch pack(离合器组)clutch drum(离合器鼓)friction material(摩擦材料)9.3 One-Way Clutch(单向离合器)"sprag" clutch(超越离合器)neutral(空挡)9.4 Bands(制动带)9.5 Torque Converter(液力变矩器)(见阅读材料)Torque Converter(液力变矩器)manual transmission:自动变速器automatic transmission:自动变速器brake pedal:制动踏板gas pedal:加速踏板1. Pump(泵轮).2. Turbine(涡轮).3. Stator(导轮).4. Transmission fluid(传动液). Freewheel:自由轮lockup clutch:锁止离合器UNIT 10 THE DIFFERENTIAL(差速器) unlimited-slip, differential:不防滑差速器10.1 The Main Gears(主减速器)bevel gear:锥齿轮axle shaft:半轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成gear reduction:减速drive wheel:驱动轮drive shaft:传动轴spiral bevel gear:螺旋锥齿轮center line(centerline):中心线10.2 The Differential System(差速系统) axle shaft:半轴side gear:半轴齿轮UNIT 11 BRAKE SYSTEM(制动系统) kinetic energy:惯性能量momentum:动量thermal energy (heat):热能master cylinder:主缸brake pedal:制动踏板mechanical pressure:机械压力hydraulic pressure:液体压力brake line:制动管brake hose:制动软管slave cylinder:轮缸Brake fluid:制动液Shoe:制动蹄pad:制动块drums:制动鼓rotor:制动盘disk brake:盘式制动器drum brakes:鼓式制动器caliper:制动嵌brake shoe:制动蹄friction lining:摩擦衬片friction surface:摩擦表面emergency brake:紧急制动Power brake booster:动力制动助力器master cylinder:制动主缸brake pedal:制动踏板hydraulic actuator:液压传动机构wheel speed sensor:车轮速度传感器UNIT 14 ABS AND TCS14.1 Braking System Fundamentals, master cylinder:主缸wheel cylinders:轮缸caliper pistons:制动钳活塞rolling energy:旋转能量14.2 Antilock Braking Systems(防抱死制动系统)retarding force:制动力percent slip滑移率braking effectiveness:制动效能wheel speed sensors (WSS):车轮速度传感器。

英语考试用语大全(英语老师必备)

英语考试用语大全(英语老师必备)英语考试用语大全 (英语老师必备)本文档旨在提供为英语老师备考英语考试过程中需要用到的常用考试用语。

以下为各类考试中常见的用语及其解释：考试类型1. 选择题- `Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)`: 选择题- `True/False Question`: 判断题- `Fill in the Blank`: 填空题2. 解答题- `Short Answer Question`: 简答题- `Essay Question`: 论述题3. 阅读理解题- `Multiple Matching`: 多项匹配4. 写作题- `Letter Writing`: 书信写作- `Essay Writing`: 论文写作- `Report Writing`: 报告写作考试过程1. 考试时间- `Exam Duration`: 考试时间限制- `Time Allocation`: 时间分配- `Time Management`: 时间管理2. 考试注意事项- `Read the Instructions Carefully`: 仔细阅读考试指导- `Maintain a Clear Structure`: 保持清晰的结构- `Answer All Questions`: 回答所有问题- `Check for Spelling and Grammar Errors`: 检查拼写和语法错误- `Manage Time Effectively`: 有效管理时间3. 考试评分标准- `Scoring Criteria`: 评分标准- `Rubric`: 评分表评分和反馈1. 答题纸- `Answer Sheet`: 答题纸- `Fill in the Bubble`: 填涂选择题答案2. 评分要求- `Accuracy`: 准确性- `Clarity`: 清晰性- `Coherence`: 连贯性- `Grammar`: 语法- `Vocabulary`: 词汇- `Content`: 内容3. 评分等级- `Excellent`: 优秀- `Good`: 良好- `Average`: 平均- `Needs Improvement`: 需要改进以上为英语考试用语大全，英语老师可以根据需要选择适用的用语参考。

英语常用关键词汇

英语常用关键词汇你曾经因为一字之差而闹笑话吗?有哪些字是你刻骨铭心的惨痛经验?你觉得有哪些关键字汇让你顿足捶胸，或茅塞顿开?下面是小编给大家带来的英语常用关键词汇，欢迎大家阅读参考，我们一起来看看吧!英语常用关键词汇当考路考的考官说pull over时，你是否会不知所措?有人邀请你叁加Potluck Party时，你会不会空手赴宴?速食店里，店员问「for here or to go?」你是否会丈二金刚摸不着头脑，莫名其妙?Give me a ring! 可不是用来求婚的。

Drop me a line. 更非要你排队站好。

老美说「Hi! What's up!」你可别说「I am fine!」你曾经闹过这些笑话吗?让我们来看看，这些字，「你怎麽说?」Potluck Party ：一种聚餐方式，主人准备场地和餐具，叁加的人必须带一道菜或准备饮料，最好事先问问主人的意思。

Pull over!把车子开到旁边。

Drop me a line!写封信给我。

Give me a ring. = Call me!来个电话吧!For here or to go?堂食或外卖。

cool; That's cool! 等於台湾年轻人常用的囗语「酷!」What's up? = What's happening? = What's new? 见面时随囗问候的话「最近在忙什麽?有什麽新鲜事吗?」一般的回答是「Nothing much!」或「Nothing new!」Cut it out! = Knock it out!= Stop it! 少来这一套!同学之间开玩笑的话。

Don\'t give me a hard time! 别跟我过不去好不好!Get yourself together! 振作点行不行!Do you have the time? 现在几点钟?可别误以为人家要约你出去。

英语A级考试重点词汇

英语A级考试重点词汇英语 A 级考试是很多同学在学习英语过程中会面临的一项重要考试。

在备考过程中，掌握重点词汇是非常关键的。

以下是为大家整理的一些英语 A 级考试重点词汇，希望能对大家的备考有所帮助。

一、名词类1、 Accommodation：这个词常见的意思是“住处；住宿”，例如：“The hotel provides comfortable accommodation for tourists”（这家酒店为游客提供舒适的住宿。

）2、 Advantage：意思是“优势；有利条件”，比如：“The advantageof this method is its simplicity”（这种方法的优点是简单。

）3、 Application：常见释义为“申请；应用”，“I submitted an application for the job”（我提交了这份工作的申请。

）“The applicationof new technology has improved our production efficiency”（新技术的应用提高了我们的生产效率。

）4、 Communication：“交流；通讯”，“Good communication is important in a relationship”（良好的交流在一段关系中很重要。

）5、 Competition：“竞争；比赛”，“There is fierce competition in the job market”（就业市场竞争激烈。

）6、 Concentration：“集中；专心”，“You need to improve your concentration when st udying”（学习时你需要提高专注力。

）7、 Confidence：“信心”，“She has confidence in her ability to pass the exam”（她对自己通过考试有信心。

乒乓球比赛常用英语术语

乒乓球比赛常用英语术语English Answer：Serve.Ace: A serve that the opponent cannot return.Double fault: Two consecutive serves that miss the table or net.Let: A serve that touches the net and lands on the opponent's side of the table.Fault: A serve that does not land on the opponent's side of the table or is obstructed by the server's body.Return.Block: A defensive shot where the player holds the bat steady and blocks the ball back to the opponent.Chop: A shot where the player uses a backhand motion to slice the ball back to the opponent.Counterattack: A shot where the player takes the ball early and hits it back with power.Lob: A high shot that clears the net and lands deep on the opponent's side of the table.Rally.Forehand: A shot hit with the dominant hand on the same side of the body as the bat.Backhand: A shot hit with the non-dominant hand on the opposite side of the body from the bat.Drive: A flat, powerful shot hit directly at the opponent.Topspin: A shot hit with upward rotation so that itdips down over the net.Backspin: A shot hit with downward rotation so that it bounces up from the table.Point.Win: A point is won when the opponent fails to return the ball or it goes out of bounds.Fault: A point is lost when the player hits the ball out of bounds, touches the table, or obstructs the opponent's shot.Deuce: A tie score at 10-10.Match point: The point that wins the match.Other terms.Table: The surface on which the game is played.Rubber: The covering on the bat that provides friction and spin.Grip: The way the player holds the bat.Rally: A series of shots exchanged between two players.Tournament: A competition between multiple players.Chinese Answer：发球。