高中英语必修一-定语从句讲解-练习

高中英语必修一-定语从句讲解-练习

定语从句讲解及练习

I.主语和谓语一致

1、关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：

The boy who is standing at the door is my son.

2、在one of the +复数名词+定语从句结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.

3、在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：

This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.

II. 正确使用that 和which

1、that 指物，有时也可以指人,which 指物，不能指人。which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that 则不能。例如：

Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?(正) Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?（误）

The room in which she lives is a large one.（正）The room in that she lives is a large one.（误）2、先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词next, last, very, any, little, no 等修饰时，用that 不用which 引导定语从句。例如：

This is the best film that I have seen.（正）This is the best film which I have seen.（误）

3、先行词是all, much, little, none等时，用that而不用which 引导定语从句。例如：

That’s all that I want to say.（正）That’s all which want to say.（误）

4、先行词是不定代词something, anything, anything, everything时，一般用that而不用which 引导定语从句。例如：Is there anything that you want in this shop?（正）Is there anything which you want in this shop?（误）

5、先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句。例如：

He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）

He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.（误）

6、先行词本身是that 时，一般用which引导定语从句。例如：

The predicate is that which is said of the subject.

7、在who开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。例如：

Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?

8、当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。例如：

Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. III. 定语从句要用关系词引导。例如：

I have three friends, none of whom can speak French.（正）

I have three friends, none of them can speak French.（误）

注：若把逗号“，”改为分号“；”误句也就变为正确的句子了。

IV. as 做关系代词的用法

1．关系代词常出现在the same…as, such…as, so…as, as…as 等结构中

This is not such a book as I expected.

I live in the same building as he (lives in).

Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

As many children as came here were my father’s pupils.

★the same…that…和the same…as…的区别

I have bought the same watch as you have.

我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）

This is the same watch that I lost.

这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）

2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

Mary was late for school, as often happened.

As is known to all, the earth is round.

★as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别

as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：

1．as has been said before 如上所述

2．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样

3．as is well known 众所周知

4．as was expected 正如预料的那样

5．as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样

6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样

which则不需要，例如：

The man died last night, which is a lie.

as 替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。

VI. 用关系代词还是关系副词

先行词是表时时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定与从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。例如：

This is the school where Mr Cheng works.

This is the school that Mr Cheng set up ten years ago.