2001年05月托福考试听力文本

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2001年5月老托福阅读解析第四篇

2001年5月第四篇Questions 31-40Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s but has become even more influential toda y. The origins of ethology can be traced Line to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists,5 Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the carly following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the youngwill stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place 10 during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not presentduring this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead.Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in childDevelopment” the critical period. It refers to a limited times span during which the child is 15 biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitablystimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whethercomplex congnitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods.for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulationduring the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language 20 is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling,grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, 25 care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensurethat the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation andaffection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deepaffectional tie between parent and baby. Comment 1:如果在此期间母鹅不在,取而代之的是另一在主要特征上与它相似的对象,幼鹅就可能以那个对象来作印刻了。

2001年英语听力文本(1)

Part I Listening Comprehension听力原文Section A1. M: Hi, Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.W: Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? Here you are.Q: What would the man most probably do?2. M: Can you tell me the title of this oil painting?W: Sorry, I don’t know for sure. But I guess it’s an early 18th century work. Let me look it upin the catalog.Q: Where does this converation most probably take place?3. M: I’m worried about those classes I missed when I was sick.W: I’ll try to bring you up today on what we have done.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: Hey, Dan, I hear you are meeting Susan’s parents for the first time.M: Yeah, next weekend. Fortunately her father loves to fish, so we’ll have something to talk about.Q: What can be inferred about Dan?5. W: Professor White’s presentation seemed to go on forever. I was barely able to stay awake.M: How could you sleep through it? It’s one of the best that I’ve heard on th is topic.Q: What does the man think of Professor White’s presentation?6. W: I’m looking for a quality paper to type my essay. I don’t see any on the shelf.M: I saw some in the stock room in the morning. I’ll go and check.Q: What does the woman want to buy?7. M: It seems we’ll have another fine day tomorrow. Let’s go to the seaside.W: OK, but we’ll have to leave very early, or else we’ll get cut in the traffic.Q: What does the woman suggest?8. M: Do you know James? He’s in your class.W: Certainly, in fact he was the first person I got to know in my class. I still remember the look on his face when he showed up late on the first day of school.Q: Why did the woman remember James so well?9. W: The man at the garage thinks that I take good care of my car.M: So do I. I don’t see any scratches on the outside and the inside is clean, too.Q: What does the man think of the woman’s car?10. M: Wonderful day, isn’t it? Want to join me for a swim?W: If you don’t mind waiting while I get prepared.Q: What does the woman mean?Section BPassage OneA friend of mine told me that when he was a young man, he went to work as a teacher in one of the states of India. One day he received an invitation to dinner at the ruler’s palace. Very pleased, he went to tell his colleagues. They laughed and told him the meaning of the invitation. They had all been invited and each person who was invited has to bring with him a certain number of silver and gold coins. The number of coins varied according to theperson’s position in the service of the government.My friend’s income was not high, so he did not have much to pay. Each person bound before the ruler, his gold went onto one hip, his silver went onto another hip, and in this way he paid his income tax for the year. This was a simple way of collecting income tax.The tax on property was also collected simply: The ruler gave a man the power to collect a tax from each owner of land or property in a certain area if this man promised to pay the ruler a certain amount of money. Of course the tax collector managed to collect more money than he paid to the ruler. The difference between the sum of money he collected and the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What do we know about the speaker’s friend?12. What was the real purpose of the ruler’s invitation?13. What does the passage say about the tax collectors?Passage TwoAround the year 1000A. D. , some people from Northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes, they did not settle down again but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called the Romany people or Gypsies. There are Gypsies all over the world. And many of them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them, including 3 million in Eastern Europe. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where they travel, because they are different. People may be afraid of them, look down on them or think that they are criminals. The Nazis treated the Gypsies cruelly, like the Jews. And nobody knows how many of them died in Hitler’s death camps.Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like music and dancing, and they often work in fairs and traveling shows.Traveling is very important to them and many Gypsies are unhappy if they have to stay in one place. Because of this, it is difficult for Gypsies children to go to school. And Gypsies are often unable to read and write. In some places, the education authorities try to arrange special traveling schools for Gypsy children so that they can get the same education as other children. Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. Why did the ancestors of Gypsies leave their home?15. What is the attitude of some people towards Gypsies?16. What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?Passage ThreeAs the car industry develops, traffic accidents have become as familiar as the common cold. Yet their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve.Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes. At the very least it is a problem that involves three factors: the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all drivers exercised good judgement at all time, there would be few accidents. But this is rather like saying that if all people were honest, there would be no crime. Improved design has helped to make highways much safer. But the title of accidents continues to rise because to human failure and an enormous increase in the number of automobiles on the road. Attention is now turning increasingly to the third factor of the accident are the car itself. Since people assume that the accidents are bound to occur, they want to know how cars can be built betterto protect the drivers.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. What does the speaker think are the causes of automobile accidents?18. What measure has been taken to reduce car accidents?19. What remains an important factor for the rising number of road accidents?20. What’s the focus of people’s attention today according to the passage?。

年5月toefl听力文本及答案

2000年5月TOEFL 听力试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) They don’t enjoy swimming.(B) They won’t go swimming in the lake today. (C ) They don’t know how to swim. (D) They’ll swim in the lake tomorrow.2. (A) The style of sweater she’s wearin g is very common.(B) The man saw Jill wearing the sweater. (C) She wore the sweater for the first time yesterday.(D) She usually doesn’t borrow clothes fromJill.3. (A) He went to see the dentist a week ago. (B) The woman should cancel her appointment with the dentist.(C) The woman’s toothache will go away byitself.(D) The woman should have seen the dentist by now.4. (A) She’s planning a trip to Antarctica. (B) She thinks attending the lecture will behelpful to her.(C) Her geography class is required to attendthe lecture.(D)She has already finished writing her report.5. (A) The woman should join the chess club. (B) He’s not a very good chess player. (C) The woman needs a lot of time to playchess.(D) He’s willing to teach the woman how to play chess.6. (A) Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel. (B) Return the novel to Alice immediately. (C) Help the man find this own copy of thenovel.(D) Find out how much the novel costs.7. (A) He has already tasted the chocolatepudding.(B) Chocolate is his favorite flavor.(C) He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding (D) There is no more chocolate pudding left.8. (A) See the movie at a theater close by. (B) Wait until later to see the moive.(C) Consider seeing an English version of the movie.(D) Call the Pine Street Cinema to see what time the movie starts.9. (A) He doesn’t know how to find the student’s grade.(B) He doesn’t know if Dr. Wilson has finished grading the midterm exams.(C) He isn’t allowed to tell the student hergrade.(D) Dr. Wilson doesn’t want to be contacted while she’s away.10. (A) She had to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.(B)The man should have had his car inspected sooner.(C)The auto inspection center will be closedat the end of the month.(D)The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.11. (A) He can act as a subject in the experiment. (B) He thinks the woman’s experiment is difficult to understand.(C) He’s busy working on his own experment. (D) He’s willing to help the woman run the experiment.12. (A) Look for the misplaced check. (B) Ask the bookstore for a refund.(C) Borrow some cash from the woman. (D) Repair his desk.13. (A) He hadn’t heard that Karen had a new roommate.(B) Karen wouldn’t give specific reasons for her feelings.(C) He thinks that Karen shouldn’t be angry. (D) Karen won’t be getting a new roommate after all.14. (A)The woman didn’t submit the thesis proposal to him on time.(B) He returned the thesis proposal to the woman a week ago.(C) He hasn’t read the thesis proposal yet. (D) The thes is proposal isn’t acceptable.15. (A) It only cost $400.答案：BBDBD ACACB DABCC BDAAD CBBDC CADBD DADCB CAACC CDACD BBACB 倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。

2001年高考全国卷英语听力试题(含试题、听力音频、听力原文和答案)

绝密★启用前2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷英语听力试题2001年高考全国卷英语听力音频双击图标打开收听.mp3（请用电脑，双击上面图标，打开收听）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1.Where did this conversation most probably take place?A.At a concert.B.At a flower shop.C.At a restaurant.2.What did Paul do this morning?A.He had a history lesson.B.He had a chemistry lesson.C.He attended a meeting.3.What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A.He's anxious to see his sister.B.He wrote to his sister last month.C.He's expecting a letter from his sister.4.At what time does the train leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5.What is the man’s problem?A.He can’t decide how to go.B.He can’t drive himself.C.He doesn’t like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2001年5月托福真题听力文字

01年5月托福听力文字Part A1. A: So are you going to see the student play tonight?B: I doubt it. I'm still getting over（恢复）the flu.Q: What does the man mean?2. A: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.B: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gorden do?3. A: Mind if I borrow ur Spanish workbook?B: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?4. A: U know that quiz we took in Dr. Turner's class today? Did u know that she was going to give it to us? B: Actually I was just as surprised as u were.Q: What does the woman mean?5. A: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown?B: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What does the man mean?6. A: U know I’ve heard that professor Martin's introduction to chemistry class is way too demanding(过分要求的) for first year students. They say it's as hard as courses for graduate students.B: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell u otherwise. To talk to anyone who's gone on to the advanced course, like organic chem or who study chemistry in graduate school. They r really glad they started out with professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about professor Martin?7. A: Hey Mark, have u been able to sell ur old piano yet?B: Ah, u were right, just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarket wasn't enough. I think I have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: What does the man imply?8. A: My back has been aching ever since I started playing tennis on the weekends,B: haven't u had that checked out yet?Q: What does the woman imply?9. A: Hi, uhm... I think something's wrong with the washing machine. It works and I just did my laundry but it makes some strange noises. Maybe u should call sb to fix it.B: Oh don't worry. Sb from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What does the man imply?10. A：It's so thoughtful of u to offer to drop me off at the train station. Ru sure it's not out of ur way? B: Not at all. The station is really close to where i'm going.Q: What does the man mean?11. A: I'm here about the job u advertised in the paper.B：U need one of those forms over there, on the table next to the file cabinet.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?12. A:I know i ought to call home, but i've got a plane to take and I am already late.B: Weoo, I know you are hurry, but it only takes a minute.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. A: i have to drive in to Chicago next week. Do u have a map I could borrow?B: Sorry I don't, but i can pick one up for u while I'm at the bookstore.Q: What does the man mean?14. A: What did u think of the paintings that Ted was showing last week?B：I never made it to the exhibit.Q: What does the woman mean?15. A: Did u hear about the big show storm in Iowa yesterday? Three feet and twelve hours.B: Yeah, and I hear it's headed our way. We're supposed to get the same thing tonight.Q: What does the woman mean?16. A: U'r joining us for dinner tonight, aren't u?B: Oh, I'm really sorry, but I had the wrong date for my geometry test. i just found out it's tomorrow and I need all the time I can get to prepare.Q: What does the woman imply?17. A: I can't decide whether I should take physics now or wait till next semester.B: U might as well get it over with if u can.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?18. A: U look different today. Did u get a haircut?B: That's funny. Ur the third person to ask me that. But all I did was getting new frames for my eye glasses.Q: What does the man imply?19. A: Dr. Eliot, I'd like u to check the way u calculated my grade for this test, I think u may have made a mistake in adding up the number of questions I got right. When I added them up I came up with the slightly higher grade than u did.B: I'd be happy to check it for u. And if I made a mistake in determining the grade I'll be sure to correct it. Don't worry.Q: What does the man imply?20. A: That last speaker was pretty boring. But he did make a few good points at the end.B: Really? I didn't catch them. I must have dozed off for a minute.Q: What does the woman mean?21. A: If u run into Joan this afternoon, could u ask her to call me. I need that book back that i lent her yesterday.B: No need. I saw her this morning and I've got it right here.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?22. A: I told my student today that I'd be taking a sabbatical（休年假） next semester. But they didn't seem very surprised.B: Well, last week I let ur plans slip to some my students. So more than likely the word got around.Q: What does the man explain to the woman?23. A: Mary, I've got the bowls out for the stew. Do u think it needs any more pepper before I serve it? B: It's really quite nice and we did exactly what the recipe says. Why take a chance of ruining it?Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?24. A: Those were such funny stories Tom told last night. He was like a totally different guy.B: Yeah, really. He is normally so serious. What do u think brought all that out of him.Q: What does the woman imply?25. A: Wow, look at all these old books on this shelf. They've got to be at least one hundred years old. I'll bet they’re worth a lot to collectors.B：Well. they've got a lot of sentimental value（情感价值）, for me, but that's about it.(仅此而已)Q: What does the man mean?26. A: Hi, Susan, would u like to go out to eat with us? Several of us are going over to the Macardy's. B: Well, that sure beats sticking around here. Uhh... just let me pack up my things.Q: What is the woman going to do?27. A: I thought u said u and ur friends were just planning a small gathering. I could hear u from all the way up on the fourth floor of the building.B: OH, Gee, I'm really sorry. I guess we did get a little carried away（得意忘形）, didn't we?Q: What can be inferred from the conversations?28. A: I kept looking for Mary at the seminar but never did see her. I can't imagine she forgot about it. She's been talking about it for weeks.B: Oh she didn't. It's just that she caught a really bad cold a couple of days ago.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?29. A: Our history presentation is Thursday. When do u want to get together to work on it?B: Well, how about Monday? That way we will still have enough time to figure out anything we have trouble with.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?30. A: Hi, thanks for ur help. I guess I can handle the rest myself. But just in case, r u going to be around later?B: I don't know but u can always ask Judy. She 's really good with these kinds of problems.Q: What does the woman imply?Part BQ31-34A: Hi, Janet, u r so lucky to be done with your final exams and term papers. I still have 2 more finals to take?B: Really?A: Yeah, So what r u doing this summer, anything special?B: Well, actually yeah. My parents have always liked taking my sister and me to different places in theUnited States. U know, places with historical significance. I guess they wanted to reinforce the stuff we learned in school about history. And so even though we are older now, they still do once in a while. Oh so where r u going this summer?A: Well, this summer it's finally going to be Gettysburg.B: Finally? U mean they never took u yet? I mean Gettysburg, it's probably the most famous civil war site in the country, It's only a couple of hours away. I think that would be one of the first place that they've taken u. i have been there a couple of times.A: We were gonna go about ten, well, no, it was exactly ten years ago, but I don't know, sth happened, I cannot remember what.B: Sth changed ur plans?A: Yeah, don't ask me what it was, but we ended up not going anywhere that year.B: I hope that doesn't happen again this year. I wrote a paper about Gettysburg last semester for a history class I was taking. Well about the political situation in the United States right after the battle atGettysburg, So I'm eager to see the place.31. What are the students mainly discussing?32. What does the man find surprising about the woman?33. What is the woman unable to remember?34. What does the woman imply about Gettysburg?Q35-39A: What r u doing?B: I'm ordering some filing cabinet out of a catalog.A: What do u need them for?B: There's so much stuff piling up in my dormitory room. If I don't do sth soon, I won't be able to move in there.A: Do u usually order from a catalog?B: Sometimes. Why?A: OH, it's just in the history class today we were talking about how the catalog sales business first got started in the US. A Chicago retailer, Montgomery Ward started it in the late 1800s. It was really popular among farmers. it was difficult for them to make it to the big city stores so they ordered from catalogs. B: Was Ward the only one in the business?A: At first, but another person named Richard Sears started his own catalog after he heard how much money Ward was making.B: What made them so popular?A: Farmers trusted Ward and Sears for one thing. They delivered the products the farmers paid for and even refunded the price of things the farmers weren't satisfied with. The catalog became so popular some country school teachers even used them as textbook.B: Textbook?A: Yeah, Students practice spelling the names and adding up the prices of things in the catalogs.B: Was everybody that thrilled about them?A: That's doubtful. Say they drove some small store owners out of business. Sears and Ward sold stuff in such large quantities. They were able to undercut the prices at some small family owned stores.35. What is the conversation mainly about?36. Why was the woman reading a catalog?37. Who were the main customers of Sears and Ward's business?38. What unusual way were the catalog used?39. What was one of the negative effects of the catalog business?Part CQ40-42The birds u seen here in this slide are peregrine falcons(游隼).。

2001年高考全国卷英语听力试题(含试题、听力音频、听力原文和答案)

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

2001专八听力原文

听力原文2001PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. Its scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billion a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important changes have taken place in the size of the bank’s operations and in the emphasis of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank’s loan program. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includes hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, which are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank’s affiliate—the International Development Association.In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take into account the population explosion which is occuring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. Unfortunately, wide-ranging country section programs do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a link between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fertility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services,by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lending strategy, where previously it concentrated on the big infrastructure project s, such as dams, roads and bridges. It begun to switch to projects which directly improve the basic services of the country. There was a shift, if you like, from building dams to digging water holes to provide clear water.A second reason for the change of approach was that the bank has learned a big lesson from projects financed in the 1960s. Many of its major capital investment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much employment. The project did not have the trigger-down effect they have in industrialized countries. Instead the huge dams, steel-mills, and so on were left as monuments to themselves. This redirection of its lending has meant that the bank has tended to support labour intensive activities, rather than capita l intensive ones. Both rural and urban areas, there is a better chance in the first case, that its funds will benefit the bottom 40% of the country’s population.The bank is also looking for ways of stimulating the growth of the small businesses in many developing countries since this would create employment opportunities for people with lower incomes. Being such a big, obvious target, the bank has often come under fire. For example, its officials have been taken to task for u sing Concord supersonic aircraft so frequently, about 500 times in one year. Also, the large growth of the organization’s personnel has not pleased some critic s . A more substantial criticism has concerned the bank’s policy ofsetting annual target for lending to specified countries. This could lead to the deterioration in quality of loans, some say. One former bank official has said, rather than encourage growth for its own sake, the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of a financial deal-maker, combining official wit h the private resources for specific purposes. Finally, some people maintain that the impact of the projects funded by the bank has been modest. When one looks around the world at regions or countries that have successfully transformed to industrial status, it seems that one should be aware of over-estimating the bank’s impact. Take Hong Kong for example. Its changes have come about as a result of trade offensive. The purpose has been to flood western market with low price goods made by capitalist methods of production. The example seems to indicate that some regions can prosper without the bank’s aid as well.SECTION B CONVERSATIONW: Well, it seems quite common actually. A lot of people in Australia no w are travelling and taking time off. And when I was actually travelling, I met so many people doing the same thing.M: Yeah, yeah, so where did you start off?W: Well, I went to New Zealand first. Eh, and got a job in a computer company as a secretary. And I worked there for 4 months.M: Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it’s possible for anyone to get a j ob in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?W: No, not everybody, only Australians and New Zealanders can exchange either. You know you can work in either country.’M: Right, yeah.W: So that was easy. So I worked there for 4 months and raised enough money for the rest of travels really. So from there I went to Indonesia, and travelled around the different islands around Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China , Nepal and India.M: What about Indonesia? What did you do? Did you fly mostly between the Islands?W: Eh, I did a bit of that, and boats, mainly local boats between the Islands. M: What about Singapore? People said it’s very very modern. But because it is s o modern, it’s rather boring. Did you find that?W: Well, it’s difficult to say really. It has different attractions. You know t h e Chinese, Malay, and Hindu communities are there. Each has his own culture and custom, very different from the others. And it’s a great big shopping center an d I really enjoy it from that point of view. And it was very clean.M: And after, you said you went what, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and then China? That’s a great country to travel in, isn’t it?W: Eh, it was. Yeah, it was fabulous. It really was. You have been there then? M: No, I haven’t. No, I mean it’s very big. What did you do?W: Yeah. Well, I had only one month to travel in China, and that was too short f or such a vast country as China. I felt I didn’t have enough time, so I sacrifced a lot of places and did the main tourist throughout really. I went to Beijing, the capital, Kaifeng, Yinchuan, and Tibet.M: Well, how exciting! You said after Beijing, you went to?W: That was Kaifeng in central China’s Henan province. It’s a charming city, and has got a lot to look around, like temples and pagodas, very traditional.M: Eh, eh.W: What fascinated me when I was there was that some Jews went to live in Kaifeng many years ago. As early as 16th century, there were Jewish families there. They have their synagogue and five books of Masses. Even today several hundred descendants of the original Jews still live in Kaifeng.M: Really, I’ve never heard of that. And where did you go after Kaifeng? W: I went to northwest to Yinchuan, the provincial city of Ningxia Hui autonomous region.M: Is this the place where there always is a shortage of water?W: No, no, on the contrary, it has got abundant supply of water, because it is n ear the Yellow River. In this sense, Yinchuan has a favorable geographical posit on in otherwise harsh surroundings.M: What did you see there then?W: Ningxia was once the capital of Western Xia during the 11th century. So outside Yinchuan, you can still see the Western Xia mausoleum, where the Kings and t heir Kingdoms were buried. The tombs were scattered in a pretty big area at the foot of the Henan Mountain, and inside the city there are famous mosques in the architectural style of Middle East. It’s really a place worth visiting. You got to know something about Chinese Moslems.M: And that sounds really interesting. Where did you travel after that?W: I was lucky enough to get into Tibet, and that was brilliant.M: Yeah. What was the most interesting place you visited, do you think? W: Well, I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I’ve never been anywhere so different. The people there are wonderful, the clothes .they w ear, the food they eat.M: And you said you went to Nepal as well?W: Yeah, eh, that’s a sort of easier passion of Tibetans really and there are a lot of Tibetans---there as well as other tribes and Nepalese, so that was good because I went trekking in Nepal, you should do that.M: How long did you trek for?W: Oh, I only did a short one, only for a week. I was lazy.M: Was it very tiring?W: No, it wasn’t actually. I mean you just set your own pace, and don’t pace you rself too hard, that was a stupid thing to do. Eh, you don’t have to walk very far, so that was great.M: So how did you feel after all this travelling? How did you feel to stop travelling? I mean you were on the move alone for months and months ,and suddenly you’re here ,and not traveling any more. How does it feel?W: I was ready to stop anyway. You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days. And since I was ready to stop, I don’t think I could keep doing it. I mean I’ve met people who’ve been travelling for 2 or 3 years. I couldn' t do it.M: Yeah, yeah. Maybe it’s something I should try after this.W: I think you really should.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1(For Questions 11-12)Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany’s Axo Shos or Denmark’s Brian Nielsen here on August 21 in the heavy weight’s first fight since his release from jail. The former World Heavy Weight champion was released on Monday after 4 months behind bars for an assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Showtime makes an August come back likely. “August 21st is certainly a day we’re looking at,” Showtime board director, James Lock en s said , “Hopefully in the next few days we’ll have something concrete”. Nevada boxing officials revoked Tyson’s license for more than a year after he bit Evander Holyfield’s ear off in June 1997. But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn’t expire until the end of the year. That came before the assault charge had been heard, and with the victim’s support.News Item 2(For Question 13)The United States has begun to review Russians documents about the life and death of former president John F. Kennedy, and is expected to release them once the review is complete, the White House said on Monday. The documents which the Russians gave the United States on Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy’s assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years before he returned to the United States, and was arrested for killing t he former president on November 22, 1963. Russian President Boris Yeltsin surprised US president Bill Clinton on Sunday when he turned over what was described a s the result of exhaustive search of Russian government, military and private archives for papers about Kennedy and his assassination.News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past 3 months, as business conditions have improved in the last month Figures indicate that from March to May this year, the size of the labor force was provisionally at 3,469,000, while the number of the unemployed people stood at 216,000. The number of cases of insolvency, sensational businesses and retrenchment, and numbers of workers affected these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a declining trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involving 3,882 workers were recorded as compared 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the 3 months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from March to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an increase in the unemployment rate, mainly in renovation, maintenance, whole sale, and retail and transport sectors, which offset the decrease in construction, import and export and financing sectorsSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGThe Press ConferencePress conferences are an all too familiar phenomena around us. However, when people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to think of any that press conference provides for the competent news reporter. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs help give rise to the phrase “pseudo-event”, and the event contrived to create news cove rage, where none has considered wanted.However, having said that, one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event. And perhaps this is reasoned enough to continue the practice. At a press conference, a public official supposedly submits to examination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that press conference offers an opportunity to get the public official on the record, with regard to the government policies. Stat ements from the press conference can serve as criteria against subsequent statements and policies are measured. In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point, more so than comments reported by single news medium. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new government program, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest. The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format.Now let’s move on to the disadvantages. And there are serious ones. Generally speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for t he reporters to get worthwhile information. At press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get asked question and certainly is unlikely to have chance to ask follow-up questions. Another disadvantage in the press conference comes from the news source, that is, the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up question and rephrase tough questions t o his or her liking, and sets the time, place and duration of the interview. Press conferences televise live for the newsaudience, sometimes only highlights the disadvantages for the news reporters since there is little or no time to challenge, clarify or place context materials provided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent how reporters get information, t he dews reporter can help assure the worthwhile information from a news source in share with the news audience. One way to reduce the likely heard of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing by telephone, in person, and press conferences as well as multiple sources, common to the success of these approaches, how ever, are such interrelated ingredient as the preparation of the news reporter, the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked.Let’s look at the preparation first.The nature of much news coverage re quires news reporters to be well-read on contemporary events. Like other professionals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject matter, that is the human condition. Although the subject is broad, it offers the advantages that there is a little a reporter can read or witness. That will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the competence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sources would benefit the news audience more, if reporters would frequently ask themselves: What is this news resource competent to talk about? What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? Towards the caution regarding the issue of competence, first, the reporter should not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source should know, does know, and can provide information. Second, the competence of t he news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods. Let’s just spend a few minutes on thefirst point. There are generally 4 conditions under which the reporter should not give prints to the news source information. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the source may have the information and want to share it, but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not to want to share it, or worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, t he source may be willing to share this information but unable to recall it.Now in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is ,the nature of questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of the question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like “Are you for market economy” may lead to the respondent saying virtually anything, and s till being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, reporters can improve the question in the following 5 ways. Firstly, avoid words wit h double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, pl ace and context you want the respondent to assume, and number 4, it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent’s own immediate and recent experience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit all the alternative the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make none of them explicit. Do not leave the news resource by suggesting a desired answer and not mentioning other alternatives.OK, to sum up, today’s lecture has covered some of the advantages and disadvantages of the press conference, and three important factors andsuccessful news coverage. In our next lecture, we will continue to discuss how to become a competent news reporter.。

听力原文200501TOEFL

听力原文200501TOEFL1.M: I’m concerned about this big storm is coming, do you thing we should cancel tomorrow’s trip? W: It’s your call, we all voted for you to being the judge, remember? We trust your judgement.2M: We are going to get together to sometime this week to play tennis, how about after math class this afternoon? It’s such a nice day.W: Oh I promised Jean that I go swimming with her.3.W: I am so tired I can’t wait to go home. I’ve been here no lab all day working on six experiments for chemistry classM: I know what your mean. So am I.4.M: Excuse me, did this library have any thing on the international arts festival coming this summer or should I go to the art library for that?W: If you give a minute, I think we have a few sources for that kind of information.5.M: This is a very interesting book you have there, Marsha, Do you think you could lend it to me sometime this week?W: I’d like to, but someone else already asked me about it, but if you were mined me in a few weeks?6.M: You didn’t think the concert when turn out this grade, did you?W: I sure didn’t I heard this band once before and didn’t think they were all that hot.7.M: I’m so tired. I spent all last night thinking the graduation speech I have to give in a couple of daysW: Come on, you will a fine. Just don’t dress yourself out, and, um, Try to get some rests.8.M: I hear that the new apartment you and Sally got is really nice. When are you to going to invite me over?W: As seems that we finish the panting the place. Though we still haven’t decided on the color.9.M: Hay Jean, can you take a look at this copy machine? I can’t turn it on.W: I am actually in the middle of something, How about in a couple of minutes?10.W: Well I thought of Robe for the class committee, he is really responsible person..M: Right, but It would be good if you can suggest some other names, too.11.W: Hi, I hope you con help me, I need the 2nd edition of the United States government for my class on Monday afternoon. But I only see the 1st edition on the shelf. And I’ve already checked the other bookstores around hereM: Yes, Someone else asked about this book earlier. I’ve called the warehouse and they are shipping copies to us. We should have them on Monday morning.12.M: What do you want to do tonight? You are for the movies?W: Don’t you ever fell like going anywhere new?13.M: Did you have heard Carol being nominated for mayor?W: Yes, it really XX me.14M: This is old typewriter has been sitting on the spare desk all semester, It’s just gathering dust from what I can see.W: Someone should ask the apartment to get rid of it. We could use this space.15.W: I hope you are not doing any thing tonight. I’m planning a surprise birthday party for my roommate.M: Sounds good to me. I have to work this afternoon, but I’m free after that.16.W: Jack, Was today’s German class cancelled? I can five minutes late and there was no body in the classroom.M: Oh, I’m sorry. I forgot we support to let you know that we will meet in the language lab today.17.W: Isn’t it a bit late for coffee, John?M: My psychology report has to be finished by morning, So I need to putting in all night here18.W: I would like some fresh produce. I just don’t like the quality of what they are selling in the local growth restore.M: Well I know a farm that grows and sells fruits and vegetables. It’s not too far from campus and it’s definitely better than the store.19.W: I’ve been XX. But I don’t get off working till last visiting hours.M: Don’t think have hours on weekends.20.M: Um, the chemistry class you want to take has a required lab section.W: Oh, I’m sure glad you pointing that out..21.W: Are you ready to head over to the library? Oh, Did have you a student ID cord with you this time?M: Yes, It’s right here, ah, I must left it in my room. I’ll be right back.22.W: I know you have a lot to do, but you’ve supposed me those phone calls last night. You know about tomorrow’s theater club meeting?M: Yeah, I guess I am drugging my XX on this.23.W: So what do you think the lecture? Is it not professor something?M: She was pretty impressive, too bad about the weather though. Otherwise I’m sure there would be a lot more people.24M: What do you think? Should I wear my green sweater or my XX one?W: Well the green one is heavier, that’s pretty chilly outside you know.25.M: Hi, I’d like to see the manager of the store; I’m interesting the plan for a job.W: She’s going to be tight up in the meeting all day today and tomorrow.26.M: Excuse me, I can’t seem to find the book I need. Can you look it up for me on your computer? W: I wish I could, but I t’s not working.27.M: Another one of the letters I mailed last week has been returned.W: Didn’t you realize the airmail rates when up a month ago?28M: Mary look surprised.W: Didn’t you hear? She won the full scholarship for next year.29.W: So I hear you really happy with your new car. I bet it’s a lot better than the last one you got start with, the one you bought from XX?M: You can say that again. I’m sure I’m made a good choice this time.30W: What a day! We haven’t had weather like this for ages.M: I know. What you say we put off study in a little XX take the advantage of it.Q31-34W: Hey, Joe, That was a really great presentation you just gave.M: You think so? How was really work about it. My hands were shaking in every thing.W: To me, It’s on the really nature and well prepared.M: Oh, I’m really XX hear you say that. It took me over a month to put that presentation together.. W: It sounds of like it. Hey, before you forget, are you free tonight?M: Yeah, I guess sp, Why?W: My mother and my little brother are in town and my mom’s theater tickets months ago and …M: What show?W: It’s called…a XX by XX. It’s play returned back the ancient Rome, It’s supposed really great. M: Don’t say another word, I’d love to go..W: Oh, Er. I don’t know how to tell you this but I’m actually going with my mother. And I was wonder if you could be XX my little brother while My mom and I go to the play..M: Ah. How embarrassing. Ah, sure, no problem. What time should I show up?W: At seven o’clock in my place.He won’t be any trouble, you can just watch video with him or something.M: Yeah, That’s XXXX. I‘ll see you tonight then.W: Ah, Joe, I’m really sorry about the misunderstanding. I know you thought I was waiting you and…well I apologize if I mislead you.M: Actually I think it’s a kind of funny. Don’t worry., We’ll XX later.W: Oh, thanks a million see you sevenQ35-38M: Hello.W: Hi, Tom It’s Dian from creator writing class.M: Oh, hi, Dian, What’s up?W: I think I have a new project I thought you might be interested in. I’m a writer group. You know a support group for people who train to get published.M: Um, How would it work?W: We get together once a week. I’ve already arranged for the meeting room in the library.. and then we share what we were working on and offer each other the advice.M: I could use some advices. I’m working in short story that I’d like to get published in thecampus literary review. You’ve done that haven’t you? Did I see your XX of yours in last issue? W: Yes, I was so excited to finally see my work and print. It was my third XX. You just have to keep trying if they turn you down.M: Well I’m sure the group could help me, but I don’t know how much I can contribute. I’m really just starting out I do a lot of work, but I’m definitely still in novels.W: That’s OK,I know from your comments in class, and you will be XXX. We are going to get some more experiences to help, too. Professor Mi’ve agreed to sit in on a few sessions and she’s going to make up a list of local professors who might be willing to spend some time with us.M: Sounds great. You can definitely count me in.Q39-42Nowadays we are XXX surrounded by news and information. But I wanna take you back you a time when newspapers first started be printed in the United States, while that then they were still British colonies. Any let’s discuss for a moment the role newspapers played in the colonial times, Er, about around the 1700’s Before that time, there were of course many printed materials, the box certainly but. ..but also XX, government and legal documents, XXX of this sort. The first colonial newspaper to appear was not what we were expected today, it’s only one small sheet printed in two sides. It was also different from the United States’ newspapers today in that all news had be officially approved by the governor before printing. And early printer name James Franklin, wook a XXX step by starting an independent newspaper.. Franklin, who want to own printing press, want to be free form outside control above all, he want the paper to entertain the people with humors and critical news items. Franklin’s newspaper was especially significant because literacy was in XX at the time, even knows who weren’t able to read or expose to the information in the newspapers by hearing it. Newspapers were read loud everywhere, in home, workshop and XXX. By the mid 1700’s, there were more than a dozen colonial newspapers what James Franklin began was a tradition of the independence press where ideas and information spread quickly, and humor and different opinions were tolerated.Q43-46Let’s move the discussion away from Jupiter itself and look at its moons. Now there is one particular that XXX recently and that’s XX. We known for a long time that XX is the largest moon in the solar system. But in 1994, the Galileo aerospace probe sent back the information showing us the XX in many ways. The XX is like a full XX planet.. Now the XX is larger than Mercury, and about half the size of the earth. It’s covered with ice and some dark XXXX. While Galileo has showed us though is that XXX’s surface is deeply rain cold with regions and XXX. XXX It is experience some of the dynamic forces that move xxx and cause quake on earth. But Galileo detected an even bigger surprise for scientists. XXX appears to generated its own magnetic field. That’s a planet like quality that set it apart from all other moons. Now what causes is this magnetic field is a matter of the bit for the scientists. But all are is possibilities .It could mean that despite its cold severer XXX has a core of a XX metal inside it generating the magnetic field. That’s what causes the earth ‘s magnetic field.or it could mean that there is a thin layer of salty water conducting the electricity just beneath XXX’s surface. Something else Galileo was able to detected xxi s flu was sudden increase in the density of electrical charge particles. XXXX., which in turn has let scientist to believe that XXX has some sorts of atmosphere, however thin itmaybe.Q47-50Let’s talk the environmental issue that has to do with how common XXX have changed. More and more XXX contain bacterial killing chemicals these days. These antibacterial chemicals are just in product like soap. They in all sorts of XXX cleaners and toothpaste And if you think about it for second you will realize that most of those chemicals just stand up going down the dream. But you are probably thinking that all that staffs go through a treat plan that remove chemicals, right? After all that’s what happened just XX goes down the dream Well, waster water is treated, but that doesn’t usually remove the chemicals in it. The chemicals left in the treated water get into the xxx environment.. That’s it into the rivers, streams where plants and fish and other animals live. Now to find out the affect of antibacterial chemicals in fresh ecosystems, a study was done with XX, which are tiny plant organizes .Different spices XX was taken to the lab and the expose to just few antibacterial chemical found in the streams. And guess what? In the experiment, the overall gross of XX and the number of spices dropped. This is not good and here is why. XX is are the base of the a quality of food chain, which means other organizes depend on them for food. So if the chemicals kill XX as the bottom of the food chain, the whole system is being disrupted.答案详解200501TOEFLBCDBD CDDAD BCDDA ABBDC BDCBA AADDC BCACC BDABA BCBDA CCDAB。

2001年高考听力录音原文

2001年高考听力录音原文Text 1M：The music and flowers are lovely．W：Yes．I hope the food is good，too．Text 2W：What about your chemistry class this morning，Paul?M：We were supposed to have a chemistry class，but Mr．Anderson was out of town for a meeting．So we had a history lesson instead．Text 3M：I haven’t heard from my sister since last month．W：Don’t worry, Charley．Letters from the United States can be slow sometimes．Text 4W：Excuse me. Could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is?M：Sure．Well，it's three now．The next train to Manchester leaves in two hours．But you can take the train to leads which leaves in fifteen minutes and then get off at Manchester because it stops at Manchester on the way．Text 5W：Fine, So you're going to the Smith's again this weekend?M：Yes. But I can’t make up my mind whether to go by road or rail. The trains are generally less of an effort，but it's a terrible walk from the nearest station to the village．Text 6M: Sally, here is a letter for us．It’s from Tom．W: Can you read it please? My hands are wet with all this washing.M : Well, OK.Dear Sally and John:Thanks for your letter. It was good to hear from you. Just a short note in reply. I was happy to hear that you two been in town in January. I think that's the first time you will come to visit us after your marriage. Please do call me when you arrive so that I can pick you up at the station and then we may have dinner together in town. In case you don' t have my phone number, it’s 7807842. I look forward to meeting you soon.Yours,TomText 7M: Hello, Nancy. This is Bob. How are you?W: Fine, thank you. A bit too busy thorough. You know, I' m trying to put everything in order in my new flat.M: Oh, I see. Well, I was wondering if you would like to go to a concert tomorrow night. I think it will be good. And if I rememher correctly, you did say you like country music.W: Yes. That' s right, I do. It' s nice of you to ask, Bob. But I don' t think I can. Mother has already asked me to see a friend and then we' 11 go to the theatre together. In fact she' s getting the tickets this evening.M: Oh, well, never mind. What about next weekend? This concert is still on then, I think, if you are free next Saturday.W: Oh, I'd like to very much. But what time exactly?M :It starts at 7: 30, I think.W: Oh, good. That' 11 be fine. The tennis match will be over by 5 o' clock, I' m sure.M: Good, I' 11 call you again when I get the tickets.W: Sure. Bye nowText 8W: Excuse me, but I think you made a wrong turn. You supposed to turn left on Rosen Bulevard.M: Oh, I'm sorry. Didn't you see 1323 Willson?W: No, 3023. It' s OK though. You don' t have to take me there. I can walk from here.M: Why don' t I just make a U turn at the corrner?W: Well, you shouldn' t make a U turn there. It' s the one way street. See the sign up the head? M: Well, maybe if I turn left here I can come down the next street.W: You can't do that either during the rush hour. Really though, don't go to any trouble. Sometimes one can wait thirty minutes for a taxi. So I' m happy to get this close.M: Thirty minutes! I've been riding around all day looking for passengers.Text 9W: Hello!M: Hello, Lucy. This is John. Look, could you do me a favor? I' ve tried to phone my wife six times and I can't get through. The line is busy all the time. Could you possibly go to next door and give her a message?W: Sure! What do you want to tell Mary?M: Could you just say I run into an old friend and 1' m staying with him. I' m not at the hotel and I'll give her a ring later.W: Sure, I'll go right now.M: Thanks a lot, Lucy.W: OK. Bye!M: Bye !Text 10What happened to me that day is just unbelievable. The first thing to go wrong was that all the parking spaces were taken. So I had to park on the grass, and hoped that I would not get a parking ticket. When I got to the admission' s office, there was already a long line of students waiting. By the time it was my turn, two of the courses I needed were filled, and I had to go back to my adviser and make out a whole new timetable. Although I did sign up for all my courses, I missed the lunch. The next thing to go wrong was that the bookstore had sold out one of the textbooks required. As I was leaving, I wondered what else could possibly happen, there I saw a policeman standing beside my car and writing out a ticket.。

2001全国卷英语听力文本

1.Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5. What is the man’s problem?A. He can’t decide how to go.B. He can’t drive himself.C. He doesn’t like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A．B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话成独白读两边。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6. What is Sally doing?A. Reading a letter.B. Washing clothes.C. Making a phone call.7. Why does Tom ask Sally and John to call him?A. He wants to meet them at the station.B. He wants to invite them to dinner.C. He wants them to visit his family.8. What is Tom’s telephone number?A. 680-6840.B. 780-6842.C. 780-7842.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。

2001年高考试题—英语听力(全国卷)录音稿

2001普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷）第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18. 答案是B1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5. What is the man’s problem?A. He can’t decide how to go.B. He can’t drive himself.C. He doesn’t like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

托福真题2001年05月份

2001年5月TOEFL试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He has just recovered from the flu.(B) He won’t be able to go to the play.(C) He heard that the play isn’t very good.(D) He has already seen the play.2. (A) Share the place he’s renting.(B) A void living near the campus.(C) Apply for campus housing.(D) Find an apartment soon.3. (A) He wants to meet the woman after hisSpanish class.(B) The woman should borrow someone else’sworkbook.(C) He can take the woman to her class.(D) The woman needs to return the workbookbefore the class.4. (A) She didn’t know Dr. Turner’s lecture wouldbe so interesting.(B) She didn’t expect to have a quiz today.(C) Dr. Turner often gives quizzes.(D) The man should have prepared for the class.5. (A) There are different kinds of folders.(B) This decision requires careful thought.(C) It doesn’t matter which color she uses.(D) The color should suggest the content.6. (A) She prepares her students well.(B) She used to teach graduate courses.(C) She isn’t qualified to teach organicchemistry.(D) Her students rarely attend graduate school.7. (A) He decided not to sell the piano.(B) He’s looking for a place to store the piano.(C) No one has bought the piano.(D) He hasn’t bee n able to find an inexpensivepiano yet.8. (A) Tennis players often injure their backs.(B) She hadn’t heard about the man’s problem.(C) The man should have seen the doctor.(D) She’ll check the man’s schedule as soon aspossible.9. (A) He already knew about the problem.(B) Someone has started fixing the washingmachine.(C) No one complained about the washingmachine today.(D) There’s nothing wrong with the washingmachine.10. (A) It won’t take long to get to the station.(B) It’ll be easy for him to give the woman aride to the station.(C) He’ll ride on the train with the woman.(D) He’s picking someone up from thestation.11. (A) I’ll out an application from.(B) Apply for a different position.(C) File the papers in the cabinet.(D) Show her the advertisement from thenewspaper.12. (A) Go with her to the airport.(B) Talk to her for a short time.(C) Find out when the plane is leaving.(D) Make the phone call now.13. (A) He can give the woman directions toChicago.(B) He can drive the woman to Chicago.(C) He can get a map for the woman.(D) He can take the woman to the bookstore.14. (A) He didn’t show his paintings at theexhibit.(B) He didn’t see the paintings.(C) He does n’t understand Ted’s art.(D) The exhibit was canceled.15. (A) She has canceled her trip to lowa.(B) The snowstorm is getting weaker.(C) The man’s information isn’t accurate.(D) They also may get a lot of snow.16. (A) She needs more time to get ready for thedinner.(B) She thought the dinner was at anothertime.(C) She forgot about the plans she made fordinner.(D) She won’t be able to go to dinner.17. (A) Take the class this semester.- 1 -23Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. The giant ragweed, or buffalo weed, grows ---.(A) 18 feet up to high(B) to high 18 feet up(C) up to 18 feet high(D) 18 feet high up to2. Neptune is --- any planet except Pluto.(A) to be far from the Sun(B) far from the Sun being(C) farther than the Sun is(D) farther from the Sun than3. Since prehistoric times, artists have arranged paint on surfaces in ways --- their ideas about people and the world.(A) express(B) that their expression of(C) which, expressing(D) that express4. Except for certain microorganisms, --- need oxygen to survive.(A) of all living things(B) all living things(C) all are living things(D) are all living things5. Dubbing is used in filmmaking --- a new sound track to a motion picture.(A) which to add(B) to add(C) is adding that(D) to add while6. --- of green lumber may come from moisture in the wood.(A) More weight than half(B) Of the weight, more than half(C) The weight is more than half(D) More than half of the weight7. Archaeologists study ---- to trace ancient trade routes because such tools are relatively rare, andeach occurrence has a slightly different chemicalcomposition.(A) which obsidian tools(B) obsidian tools(C) how obsidian tools(D) obsidian tools are8. ---- the hamster’s basic diet is vegetarian, some hamsters also eat insects.(A) Despite(B) Although(C) Regardless of(D) Consequently9. The Navajo Indians of the southwestern United States --- for their sand painting, also called drypainting.(A) noted(B) are noted(C) to be noted(D) have noted10. In 1784, the leaders of what would laterbecome the state of V irginia gave up --- to the territory that later became five differentMidwestern states.(A) any claim(B) when the claim(C) to claim(D) would claim11. ---- one after another, parallel computersperform groups of operations at the same time.(A) Conventional computers, by handling tasks(B) Since tasks being handled by conventionalcomputers(C) Whereas conventional computers handletasks(D) While tasks handled by conventionalcomputers12. The Liberty Bell, formerly housed inIndependence Hall, --- in Philadelphia, wasmoved to a separate glass pavilion in 1976.(A) which a historic building(B) a historic building which(C) was a historic building(D) a historic building13. Fossils, traces of dead organisms found in therocks of Earth’s crust, reve al --- at the time therocks were formed.(A) what was like(B) was like life(C) what life was like(D) life was like416. A gene is a biological unit of information who directs the activity of a cell or organism during itsA B C Dlifetime.17. The flowering of African American talent in literature, music, and art in the 1920’s in New Y ork CityA B Cbecame to know as the Harlem Renaissance.D18. The symptoms of pneumonia, a lung infection, include high fever, chest pain, breathing difficult, andA B C Dcoughing.19. The rapid grow of Boston during the mid-nineteenth century coincided with a large influx ofA B CEuropean immigrants.D20. In 1908 Olive Campbell started writing down folk songs by rural people in the southern AppalachianA B Cmountains near hers home.D21.The thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent the original thirteen states of the Union, whichA B Cthey all were once colonies of Britain.D22. In 1860, more as 90 percent of the people of Indiana lived rural areas, with only a few cities having aA B C population exceeding 10,000.D23.Gravitation keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth and the planets other of the solar system in orbitA B C Daround the Sun.24. Photograph was revolutionized in 1831 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glassA B C Dnegatives.25. After flax is washed, dry, beaten, and combed, fibers are obtained for use in making fabric.A B C D26. A fever is caused which blood cells release proteins called pyrogens, raising the body’s temperature.A B C D27. Because of various gift-giving holidays, most stores clothing in the United Sates do almost as muchA Bbusiness in November and December as they do in the other ten months combined.C D28.The United States National Labor Relations Board is authorized to investigation allegations of unfairA Blabor practices on the part of either employers or employees.C D529.The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840’s caused an unprecedented numbers of people fromA B CIreland to immigrate to the United States.D30.The particles comprising a given cloud are continually changing, as new ones are added while othersA Bare taking away by moving air.C D31.Political parties in the United States help to coordinate the campaigns of their members and organizesA B Cthe statewide and national conventions that mark election years.D32.The lemur is an unusual animal belonging to the same order than monkey’s and apes.A B C D33.Chese may be hard or soft, depending on the amount of water left into it and the character ofA B C Dthe cuting.34.The carbon-are lamp, a very bright electric lamp used for spotlights, consists of two carbonA Belectrodes with a high-current are passing between it.C D35. At first the poems of E.E. Cummings gained notoriety to their idiosyncratic punctuation andA Btypography, but they have gradually been recognized for their lyric power as well.C D36.The mechanism of human thought and recall, a subject only partly understood by scientists, isA B Cextraordinary complicated.D37.While the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and usedA Bto convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds.C D38.The globe artichoke was known as a delicacy at least 2,500 years ago, and records of itsA B Ccultivation date from fifteenth century.D39. Humans do not constitute the only species endowed with intelligence: the higher animals alsoA B Chave considerably problem-solving abilities.D40. Many of species of milkweed are among the most dangerous of poisonous plants, while othersA B Chave little, if any, toxicity.DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-10In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Sophisticated technology and machinery were virtually nonexistent.People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participatedLine in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle5) or otherwise produced needed goods and commodities. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candlemakers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family6Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several 10）economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North American continent. Second, factories demand a large labor supply. Between the 1870’s and theFirst World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants streamed to theUnited States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped 15）build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.Factories also offered a reprieve from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned withfarm life, were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks, 20) increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others werepushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable; inventionssuch as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform workthat previously had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather thanlabor-intensive.25）The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products fromstart to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods atless expense.1.What aspect of life in the United States does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The transition from an agricultural to anindustrial economy(B) The inventions that transformed life in thenineteenth century(C) The problems associated with the earliestfactories(D) The difficulty of farm life in the nineteenthcentury2. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, and candle makersare mentioned in lines 5-6 as examples ofartisans who(A) maintained their businesses at home(B) were eventually able to use sophisticatedtechnology(C) produced unusual goods and commodities(D) would employ only family members3. The phrase “hinged on” in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) recovered from(B) depended on(C) started on(D) contributed to4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the industrial growth that occurred in the United States before 1914? (A)The availability of natural resources foundonly in the United States(B) The decrease in number of farms resultingfrom technological advances(C) The replacement of canals and railroads byother forms of transportation(D) The availability of a large immigrant workforce5. The word “lured” in line 19 is cl osest in meaning to(A) attracted(B) assigned(C) restricted(D) attached6. The word “Others” in line 20 refers to other(A) adults(B) promises(C) goods and services(D) social opportunities7.The word “expendable” in line 21 is close st inmeaning to(A) nonproductive(B) unacceptable(C) nonessential(D) unprofitable8. It can be inferred from the passage thatindustrialization affected farming in thatindustrialization(A) increased the price of farm products(B) limited the need for new farm machinery78Question 11-20Molting is one of the most involved processes of a bird’s annual life cycle.Notwithstanding preening and constant ca re, the marvelously intricate structure of a bird’s Feather inevitably wears out. All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and Line upon close observation, one can recognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that 5) are nearing the end of their useful life. Two distinct processes are involved in molting.The first step is when the old, worn feather is dropped, or shed. The second is when a new feather grows in its place. When each feather has been shed and replaced, then the molt can be said to be complete. This, however, is an abstraction that often does not happen: incomplete, overlapping, and arrested molts are quite common.10) Molt requires that a bird find and process enough protein to rebuild approximatelyone-third of its body weight. It is not surprising that a bird in heavy molt often seems listless and unwell. But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at the time of least stress on the bird. Many songbirds, for instance, molt in late summer, when 15) the hard work of breeding is done but the weather is still warm and food still plentiful.This is why the woods in late summer often seem so quiet, when compared with the Exuberant choruses of spring.Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process. Some species,for example, begin by dropping the outermost primary feathers on each side (to retain20) balance in the air) and wait until the replacement feathers are about one-third grown before shedding the next outermost, and so on. Others always start with the innermost primaryfeathers and work outward. Y et other species begin in the middle and work outward on both side. most ducks shed their wing feathers at once , and remain flight for two or three weeks while the relacement feather grow.11.The passage mainly discusses how (A) birds prepare for breeding (B) bird feathers differ from species (C) birds shed and replace their feathers (D) birds are affected by seasonal changes 12.The word “Notwithstanding” in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) despite (B) because of (C) instead of (D) regarding 13.The word “intricate” in line 2 is closes t in meaning to (A) regular (B) complex (C) interesting (D) important 14.The word “random” in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) unfortunate (B) unusual (C) unobservable (D) unpredictable 15.The word “optimal” in line 13 is closes t in meaning to (A) slow9Question 21-30The Harlem Renaissance, a movement of the 1920’s, marked the twentieth century’s first period of intense activity by African Americans in the field of literature, art, and music in the United States. The philosophy of the movement combined realism, ethnic Line consciousness, and Americanism. Encouraged by the example of certain Americans 5) of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who had included persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sentimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set aboutcreating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States. As they began to strive for social and cultural independence. Their attitudes toward themselves changed, 10) and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them. Thus, thought the Harlem Renaissance was a short-lived movement, its impact on American art and culture continues to the present.The district in New Y ork City know as Harlem was the capital of the movement. In 1925 an issue of Survey Graphic magazine devoted exclusively to Harlem and edited 15) by philosopher Alain Locke became the manifesto of the African American artisticmovement. Locke strongly suggested that individuals, while accepting their Americanism, take pride in their African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and inspiration. Far from advocating a withdrawal from American culture, as did some of his contemporaries, Locke recommended a cultural pluralism through which artists could 20) enrich the culture of America. African Americans were urged by Locke to be collaborators and participators with other Americans in art, literature, and music; and at the same time to preserve, enhance, and promote their own cultural heritage.Artists and intellectuals from many parts of the United States and the Caribbean had Been attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat of its unique and dynamic culture. From 25) this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and self-determination. African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to increase and promote the visual arts.21.What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) African Ameri can paintings in the 1920’s (B) An arts movement of the 1920’s (C) The influence of Alain Locke on African American art (D) Some ways in which African cultureEthology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced Line to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists,5) Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the carly following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place 10) during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not presentduring this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead.Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child Development” the critical period. It refers to a limited times span during which the child is 15) biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably10stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whethercomplex congnitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods.for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language 20) is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling,grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, 25) care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensurethat the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation andaffection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deepaffectional tie between parent and baby.31.What was Darwin’s contribution to ethology?(A) Darwin improved on the original princ iplesof ethology.(B) Darwin was the professor who taughtLorenz and Tinbergen.(C) Darwin’s wo rk provided the basis forethology.(D) Darwin was the first person to applyethological theory to children.32.The word “diverse” in line 6 is closest inmeaning to(A) small(B) varied(C) wild(D) particular33.The word “ensures” in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) guarantees(B) proves(C) teaches(D) assumes34. According to the passage, if a mother goose isnot present during the time period whenimprinting takes place, which of the following will most likely occur?(A) The gosling will not imprint on any object.(B) The gosling may not find a mate when itmatures.(C) The mother will later imprint on the gosling.(D) The gosling may imprint on another object.35.The word “it” in line 12 refer s to(A) development(B) goose(C) time(D) object36.The word “suitably” in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) willingly(B) moderately(C) appropriately(D) emotionally37.The author mentions all of the following asattachment behaviors of human infantsEXCEPT(A) grasping(B) crying(C) eating(D) smiling38.According to the passage, attachment behaviorsof infants are intended to(A) get the physical, emotional and social needsof the infant met(B) allow the infant to become imprinted onobjects that resemble the parent(C) provide the infant with a means ofself-stimulation(D) prepare the infant to cope with separation39.The phrase “affectional tie” in line 29 is closestin meaning to(A) cognitive development(B) emotional attachment(C) psychological need(D) behavioral change40. It can be inferred from the passage thatethological theory assumes that(A) to learn about human behavior only humansubjects should be studied(B) failure to imprint has no influence oninteligence(C) the notion of critical periods applies only toanimals(D) there are similarities between animal andhuman behavior11Questions 41-50There are only a few clues in the rock record about climate in the Proterozoic con.Much of our information about climate in the more recent periods of geologic history comes from the fossil record, because we have a reasonably good understanding of Line the types of environment in which many fossil organisms flourished. The scarce fossils 5) of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard.However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probablya global ice age.The inference that some types of sedimentary rocks are the result of glacial activity is based on the principle of uniformitarianism, which posits that natural processes now 10) at work on and within the Earth operated in the same manner in the distant past. Thedeposits associated with present-day glaciers have been well studied, and some of their characteristics are quite distinctive. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae offine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in 15) glacial lakes. Typically, present-day varves show two-layered annual cycle, one layercorresponding to the rapid ice melting and sediment transport of the summer season, and the other, finer-grained, layer corresponding to slower winter deposition. Although it is not easy to discern such details in the Proterozoic examples, they are almost certainly glacial varves. These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large 20) pebbles or “dropstones,” a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarsematerial is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from its source, intootherwise very fine grained sediment. Glacial sediments of about the same age as those in Canada have been found in other parts of North America and in Africa, India, andEurope. This indicates that the glaciation was global, and that for a period of time in 25) the early Proterozoic the Earth was gripped in an ice age.Following the early Proterozoic glaciation, however, the climate appears to have Been fairly benign for a very long time. There is no evidence for glaciation for theNext 1.5 billion years or so. Then, suddenly, the rock record indicates a series ofGlacial episodes between about 850 and 600 million year ago, near the end of theProterozoic con.41.Which of the following does the passagemainly discuss?(A) How patterns in rock layers have beenused to construct theories about the climateof the Proterozoic age(B) What some rare fossils indicate about glacial conditions during the late Proterozoic age (C) The varying characteristics of Proterozoic glacial varves in different parts of the world (D) The number of glacial episodes that the Earth has experienced since the Proterozoic age 42. According to the passage, the fossil record of the Proterozoic con is(A) highly regarded because it preserves theremains of many kinds of organisms (B) less informative than the fossil record ofmore recent periods(C) very difficult to interpret due to damagefrom bacteria(D) more useful to researchers than otheraspects of the rock record43.The word “scarce” in line 4 is closest inmeaning to(A) ancient(B) tiny(C) available(D) rare44. It can be inferred from the passage that theprinciple of uniformitarianism indicates that(A) similar conditions produce similar rockformations(B) rock layers in a given region remainundisturbed over time(C) different kinds of sedimentary rocks may(D) each continent has its own distinctivepattern of sediment layers45. The word “resemble” in line 14 is closest inmeaning to(A) result from(B) penetrate12。

01年5月托福听力文字

01年5月托福听力文字Part A部分1. A: So are you going to see the student play tonight?1。

答:所以你会看到学生今晚玩吗?B: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.B:我怀疑它。

我还得到了流感。

Q: What does the man mean?男人什么意思?2. A: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.2。

答:戈登需要找到另一个地方住。

他现在的公寓租金已经卖给了一个新的所有者。

B: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.B:他最好马上开始寻找。

当所有的学生在几周后回来,他找不到任何靠近校园。

Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?问:什么是女士建议戈登做什么?3. A: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?3。

你介意我借你的西班牙工作簿吗?B: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.B:不,只要我有它回到时间今天晚上去类。

Q: What does the man mean?男人什么意思?4. A: You know that quiz we took in Dr. Turner's class today? Did you know that she was going to give it to us?4。

2001年托福听力讲座文本翻译

01.141-42牧场畜牧业开始于19世纪末期的新美国西部。

当畜牧业发展时，被称为骑术表演的骑马术也在发展。

骑术表演并不总是我们今天看到的大型娱乐表演展示。

最初的骑术表演是一种小型的竞赛，开始的形式是在历史上被称为是牛仔的人们之间的一种竞争，尽管牛仔包括男士和女士。

牛仔的一个任务是把牛群从草场地引入铁路沿线的城镇，在那里牛群被装上火车。

牛仔们将演示他们所学到的骑术，作为生存的方式。

观众主要由其他的牛仔组成，他们安静地观看比赛，因为他们知道即将发生的所有事情。

骑术表演在19世纪90年代有所不同，那时组织者开始在年度农业集市…期间举办牛仔运动。

他们被骑马人的技术和马的智力所震惊。

在农村集市上的骑术表演变得如此受欢迎，以至于农场主和商人开始于集市分开，单独举办骑术表演。

组织者建造大片区域，通过要求观看者付入场费赚钱。

这种骑术表演最著名的一种仍是在怀俄明州举办的每年度的骑术表演。

它被称为FD。

然而FD不是第一个独立的骑术表演。

它是最早的年度表演，1897年以来每年举办一次。

ranch牧场经营rodeo牧人马术表演;43-46我们从生物的角度看看恐惧，并且有人问是否感觉担心是遗传的。

在老鼠身上做的实验表明在某种程度上哺乳动物确实遗传担心。

在一次研究中，例如，一群老鼠被放置在一个没有藏身地方的光照充足的敞口的盒子中。

一些老鼠绕着盒子到处走，并且显出不在乎暴露在外的样子。

但是其他的老鼠不动弹。

它们靠者一面墙不动，表明它们十分害怕。

当担心的老鼠，或你可以称它们焦虑的老鼠就像那些喜欢呆在一个地方的人一样。

当这样的老鼠不断地饲养在一起，12代左右，所有的后代就显示出相似的担心的迹象。

甚至当这一代新生的老鼠被不具有担忧特点的老鼠妈妈和其他老鼠喂养，那个老鼠张大后依然是焦虑型的。

为什么是这样呢？人们认为在动物体内的一种特殊基因会影响焦虑行为。

这些基因是于大脑中的神经细胞接收器相关联的，并且哺乳动物的整体焦虑程度很大程度上取决于是否有神经细胞接收器。

2001年5月托福考题（2）

46. (A) The music contained strong political messages. (B) The music had a steady beat that people could dance to. (C) The music included sad melodies. (D) The music contained irregular types of rhythms. 47. (A) The increase in beachfront property value. (B) An experimental engineering project. (C) The erosion of coastal areas (D) How to build seawalls. 48. (A) To protect beachfront property. (B) To reduce the traffic on beach roads. (C) To provide privacy for homeowners. (D) To define property limits. 49. (A) By sending water directly back to sea with great force. (B) By reducing wave energy. (C) By reducing beach width. (D) By stabilizing beachfront construction. 50. (A) Protect roads along the shore. (B) Build on beaches with seawalls. (C) Add sand to beaches with seawalls. (D) Stop building seawalls. Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. The giant ragweed, or buffalo weed, grows ——. (A) 18 feet up to high (B) to high 18 feet up (C) up to 18 feet high (D) 18 feet high up to 2. Neptune is —— any planet except Pluto. (A) to be far from the Sun (B) far from the Sun being (C) farther than the Sun is (D) farther from the Sun than 3. Since prehistoric times, artists have arranged paint on surfaces in ways —— their ideas about people and the world. (A) express (B) that their expression of (C) which, expressing (D) that express 4. Except for certain microorganisms, —— need oxygen to survive. (A) of all living things (B) all living things (C) all are living things (D) are all living things 5. Dubbing is used in filmmaking —— a new sound track to a motion picture. (A) which to add (B) to add (C) is adding that (D) to add while 6. —— of green lumber may come from moisture in the wood. (A) More weight than half (B) Of the weight, more than half (C) The weight is more than half (D) More than half of the weight 7. Archaeologists study —— to trace ancient trade routes because such tools are relatively rare, and each occurrence has a slightly different chemical composition. (A) which obsidian tools (B) obsidian tools (C) how obsidian tools (D) obsidian tools are 8. —— the hamster's basic diet is vegetarian, some hamsters also eat insects. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Regardless of (D) Consequently 9. The Navajo Indians of the southwestern United States —— for their sand painting, also called dry painting. (A) noted (B) are noted (C) to be noted (D) have noted 10. In 1784, the leaders of what would later become the state of Virginia gave up —— to the territory that later became five different Midwestern states. (A) any claim (B) when the claim (D) would claim 11. —— one after another, parallel computers perform groups of operations at the same time. (A) Conventional computers, by handling tasks (B) Since tasks being handled by conventional computers (C) Whereas conventional computers handle tasks (D) While tasks handled by conventional computers 12. The Liberty Bell, formerly housed in Independence Hall, —— in Philadelphia, was moved to a separate glass pavilion in 1976. (A) which a historic building (B) a historic building which (C) was a historic building (D) a historic building 13. Fossils, traces of dead organisms found in the rocks of Earth's crust, reveal —— at the time the rocks were formed. (A) what was like (B) was like life (C) what life was like (D) life was like 14. Although the huge ice masses —— glaciers move slowly, they are a powerful erosive force in nature. (A) call them (B) are called (C) to call (D) called 15. The soybean contains vitamins, essential minerals, —— high percentage of protein. (A) a (B) and a (C) since a (D) of which a 16. A gene is a biological unit of information who directs the activity of a cell or organism during its A B C D lifetime. 17. The flowering of African American talent in literature, music, and art in the 1920's in New York City A B C became to know as the Harlem Renaissance. D 18. The symptoms of pneumonia, a lung infection, include high fever, chest pain, breathing difficult, and coughing. 19. The rapid grow of Boston during the mid-nineteenth century coincided with a large influx of A B C European immigrants. D 20. In 1908 Olive Campbell started writing down folk songs by rural people in the southern Appalachian A B C mountains near hers home. D 21.The thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent the original thirteen states of the Union, which A B C they all were once colonies of Britain. D 22. In 1860, more as 90 percent of the people of Indiana lived rural areas, with only a few cities having a A B C population exceeding 10,000. D 23.Gravitation keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth and the planets other of the solar system in orbit A B C D around the Sun. 24. Photograph was revolutionized in 1831 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glass A B C D negatives. 25. After flax is washed, dry, beaten, and combed, fibers are obtained for use in making fabric. A B C D 26. A fever is caused which blood cells release proteins called pyrogens, raising the body's temperature. A B C D 27. Because of various gift-giving holidays, most stores clothing in the United Sates do almost as much A B business in November and December as they do in the other ten months combined. C D 28.The United States National Labor Relations Board is authorized to investigation allegations of unfair A B labor practices on the part of either employers or employees. C D 29.The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840's caused an unprecedented numbers of people from A B C Ireland to immigrate to the United States. D 30.The particles comprising a given cloud are continually changing, as new ones are added while others A B are taking away by moving air. C D 31.Political parties in the United States help to coordinate the campaigns of their members and organizes A B C the statewide and national conventions that mark election years. D 32.The lemur is an unusual animal belonging to the same order than monkey's and apes. A B C D 33.Chese may be hard or soft, depending on the amount of water left into it and the character of A B C D the cuting. 34.The carbon-are lamp, a very bright electric lamp used for spotlights, consists of two carbon A B electrodes with a high-current are passing between it. C D 35. At first the poems of E.E. Cummings gained notoriety to their idiosyncratic punctuation and A B typography, but they have gradually been recognized for their lyric power as well. C D 36.The mechanism of human thought and recall, a subject only partly understood by scientists, is A B C extraordinary complicated. D 37.While the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used A B to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds. C D 38.The globe artichoke was known as a delicacy at least 2,500 years ago, and records of its A B C cultivation date from fifteenth century. D 39. Humans do not constitute the only species endowed with intelligence: the higher animals also A B C have considerably problem-solving abilities. D 40. Many of species of milkweed are among the most dangerous of poisonous plants, while others A B C have little, if any, toxicity. D。

托福考试听力训练：2001.5托福听力原文(3)

托福考试听力训练：2001.5托福听力原文(3)TEXTBOOKS?YEAH, STUDENTS PRACTICE SPELLING THE NAMES AND ADDING UP THE PRICES OF THINGS IN THE CATALOGS.WAS EVERYBODY THAT THRILLED ABOUT IT?THAT'S DOUBTFUL. SAY THEY DROVE SOME SMALL STORE OWNERS OUT OF BUSINESS. SEARS AND WARD SOLD STUFF IN SUCH LARGE QUANTITIES. THEY WERE ABLE TO UNDERCUT THE PRICES AT SOME SMALL FAMILY OWNED STORES.35.WHAT IS THE CONVERSATION MAINLY ABOUT?36. WHY WAS THE WOMAN READING A CATALOG?37.WHO WERE THE MAIN CUSTOMERS OF SEARS AND WARD'S BUSINESS?38. WHAT UNUSUAL WAY WERE THE CATALOG USED?39. WHAT WAS ONE OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE CATALOG BUSINESS?Q40-42THE BIRDS U SEE HERE IN THIS SLIDE ARE PEREGRINE FALCONS. THESE BIRDS REPRESENT A SUCCESS STORY AMONG ANIMALS ON THE ENDANGED SPECIES LIST.. IN THE 1970S, THE PEREGRINE FALCONS ALMOST DISAPPEARED AS A RESULT OF THE CONTAMINATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN BY THE DDT IN PESTICIDE. THE PRESENCE OF THE POISON IN THEIR SYSTEMS RESULTED IN EGGS TOO WEAK TO SUPPORT THE INCUBATING CHICKS. THEIR REMARKABLE RECOVERY IS A RESULT OF THE BAN OF DDT AS A PESTICIDE, AGGRESSIVE CAPTIVE FEEDING PROGRAMS AND THEIR OWN RESILIENCY. THE PEREGRINE FALCON IS ONE OF THE FASTEST BIRDS ALIVE. THEY'VE BEEN CLOCKED AT 140 TO 200 MILES PER HOUR IN SUCCESSFUL PURSUIT OF PRAY. IN ADDITION TO SPEED, THESE BIRDS FLY DIRECTLY INTO HEAD WINDS AND THEY ARE CAPABLE OF FLYING MORE THAN 600 MILES PER DAY WITH FAVORABLE TAIL WINDS. TODAY WITH THE SOPHISTICATION OF TELEMETTY, THE SPEEDS OF THESE BIRDS CAN BE TRACKED BY ORBITING SATELLITES, BY MEANS OF TRANSMITTERS ATTACHED TO THE BIRD. FOR EXAMPLE , PEREGRINE FALCONS STAGE IN WARMER CLIMATE, IN OTHER WORDS,THEY SPEND TIME IN THE SOUTHERN US OVER CHANGES PREPARING THEM TO BREED IN THE ARCTIC. THEN THEY MIGRATE NORTH TO THE MUCH COLDER ARCTIC REGIONS. BIRDS HAVE BEEN TRACKED FROM TEXAS IN LATE APRIL TO THEIR NESTING GROUND IN ALASKA, CANADA AND GREENLAND. NOW LET'S MOVE ON TO ANOTHER SPECIES OF BIRDS, THE BALD EAGLES.40 WHAT IS THE TALK MAINLY ABOUT?41.ACCORDING TO THE PASSAGE, WHAT MAKES THE PEREGRINE FALCON A GOOD HUNTER?42. HOW DID BIOLOGISTS TRACK PEREGRINE FALCONS OVER LONG DISTANCES?Q43-46OK, SO IN OUR LAST CLASS WE WERE DISCUSSING BIG BANDS SWING MUSIC.,U REMEMBER THIS WAS A KIND OF DANCE MUSIC WITH A STEADY RHYTHM. BUT TODAY WE DEAL WITH MUSIC PLAYED BY SMALLER JAZZ BANDS. IT'S CALLED BEBOP MAY USE ALL SORTS OF NEW TYPES OF RHYTHMS, SOME OF THEM VERY IRREGULAR. WE'LL TALK MORE ABOUT THAT LATER. BUT FIRST I WANT TO TALD ABOUT SOME OF THE SOCIAL ELEMENTS THAT I BELIEVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEBOP MUSIC. TODO THIS, WE HAVE TO LOOK AT WHEN BEBOP AROSE AND STARTED BECOMING SO POPULAR,WHICH WAS FROM THE LATE 1930S THROUGH THE 1940S, FROM THE TIME OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR BEBOP MUSIC WAS THE DECLINE OF THE US ECONOMY. DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION. THE ECONOMY SUFFERED TREMENDOUSLY. AND FEWER PEOPLE HAD MONEY TO SPEND ON ENTERTAINMENT. THEN DURING THE 2ND WORLD WAR THE GOVERNMENT IMPOSED A NEW TAX ON PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT, WHAT U MIGHT CALL PERFORMANCE TAX. THE GOVERNMENT COLLECTED MONEY ON PERFORMANCES THAT INCLUDED ANY TYPES OF ACTING,DANCING OR SINGING, BUT NOT INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC. SO TO AVOID THIS NEW TAX, SOME JAZZ BANDS S USING SINGER ALTOGETHER. THEY STARTED RELYING ON THE CREATIVITY OF THE INSTRUMENTALIST TO ATTRACT AUDIENCES. THIS WAS WHAT BEBOP BANDS DID. NOW REMEMBER A LOT OF BANDS HAVE SINGERS. SO THE INSTRUMENTALISTSSIMPLY PLAYED IN THE BACKGROUND AND HAD OCCASIONAL SOLOS WHILE THE SINGER SANG THE MELODY TO THE SONGS,BUT NOT BEBOP BANDS. SO THE INSTRUMENTALISTS HAD MUCH MORE FRREDOM TO BE CREATIVE. SO THEY EXPERIMENTED, PLAYING THE MUSIC FASTER AND USING NEW IRREGULAR SORTS OF RHYTHMS.43.WHAT IS THE TALK MAINLY ABOUT?44. HOW DIDI THE BEBOP BANDS AVOID THE PERFORMANCE TAX?45 WHY DOES THE PROFESSOR MENTION THE DECLINE OF THE US ECONOMY DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION?46. WHAT DOSE THE PROFESSOR DESCRIBE AS A SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTIC OF BEBOP MUSIC?Q47-50UR PROFESSOR HAS ASKED ME TO TALK TO U TODAY ABOUT THE IC THAT SHOULD BE OF REAL CONCERN TO CIVIL ENGINEERS: THE EROSION OF THE US BEACHES. LET ME START WITH SOME STATISTICS. DID UKNOW THAT 90% OF THE COAST IN THIS COUNTRY IS ERODING, ON THE GULF OF MEXICO FOR INSTANCE, EROSION AVERAGES 4 TO 5 FEET PER YEAR. OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS, THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASE IN BUILDING ALONG THE COAST, EVEN THOUGH GEOLOGISTS AND ENVIRONMENTALISTS HAVE BEEN WARNING COMMUNITIES ABOUT PROBLEMS LIKE EROSION. SOMEWAY COMMUNITIES HAVE TRIED TO PROTECT THEIR BUILDING AND ROADS AND TO BUILD SEAWALLS. HOWEVER GEOLOGISTS HAVE FOULD THAT SUCH STABILIZING STRUCTURE ACTUALLY SPEED UP THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BEACHES. THESE BEACHES WITH SEAWALLS, CALLED STABILIZED BEACHES, ARE MUCH NARROWER THAN BEACHES WITHOUT THEM. U MAY WONDER HOW SEAWALLS SPEED UP BEACH LOSS. THE EXPLANATIONS IS SIMPLE.IF THE FLOW OF THE BEACHES IS GENTLE, THE WATER ENERGY IS LESSENED AS IT WASHES UP ALONG THE SHORE. IT IS REDUCED EVEN MORE THAT RETURNS TO THE SEA SO IT DOESN'T CARRY BACK MUCH SAND. ON THE OTHER HAND, WHEN THE WATER HIT THE NEARLY VERTICAL FACE OF THE SEAWALL. IT GOES STRAIGHT BACK TO THE SEA WITH THE FULL FORCE OF ITS ENERGY AND IT CARRIES BACK A GREAT DEAL OF SAND. BECAUSE OF THE REAL RISK OF LOSING BEACHES, MANY GEOLOGISTS SUPPORT A BAN ON ALL TYPES OF STABILIZING CONSTRUCTION ON SHORE LINES.47. WHAT IS THE SPEAKER MAINLY DISCUSSING?48. WHY DO COMMUNITIES BUILD SEAWALLS?49. HOW DOES A GENTLY SLOPING BEACH HELP PREVENT EROSION?50.WHAT WOULD THE SPEAKER PROBABLY ADVISE ENGINEERS TO DO? 【。

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01年5月托福听力文字Part A1. A: So are you going to see the student play tonight?B: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What does the man mean?2. A: Gordom needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold toa new owner.B: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gorden do?3. A: Mind if I borrow ur Spanish workbook?B: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?4. A: U know that quiz we took in Dr. Turner's class today? Did u know that she was going to giveit to us?B: Actually I was just as surprised as u were.Q: What does the woman mean?5. A: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown?B: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What does the man mean?6. A: U know I heard that professor Martin's introduction to chem class is way to demanding forfirst year students. They say it's as hard as courses for graduate students.B: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell u otherwise. To talk to anyone who's gone on to the advanced course,like organic chem or who study chem in graduate school. They r really glad they started out with professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about professor Martin?7. A: Hey Mark, have u been able to sell ur old piano yet?B: Ah, u were right, just posting notices on bulletin boards at a coupke of supermarket wasn't enough. I think i'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: What does the man imply?8. A: My back has been aching ever since I started playing tennis on the weekends,B: haven't u had that checked out yet?Q: What does the woman imply?9. A: Hi,uhm... I think something's wrong with the washing machine. It works and I just did mylaundry but it makes some strange noises. Maybe u should call sb to fix it.B: Oh don't worry. Sb from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it.Q: What does the man imply?10.A; It's so thoughtful of u to offer to drop me off at the train station. Ru sure it's not outof ur way?B: Not at all. The station is really close to where i'm going.Q:What does the man mean?11.A: I'm here about the job u advertised in the paper.B; U need one of those forms over there, on the table next to the file cabinet.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?12. A:I know i ought to call home, but i've got a plane to take and I may be late.B:But it only takes a minute.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13.A: i have to drive in to Chicago next week. Do u have a map I could borrow?B: Sorry I don't,but i can pick one up for u while I'm at the bookstore.Q: What does the man mean?14.A:What did u think of the paintings that Ted was showing last week?B; I never made it to the exhibit.Q: What does the woman mean?15.A: Did u hear about the big show storm in Iowa yesterday? Three feet and twelve hours. B: Yeah, and I hear it's headed our way. We'r supposed to get the same thing tonight.Q: What does the woman mean?16.A:U'r joining us for dinner tonight, aren't u?B: Oh, I'm really sorry, but I had the wrong date for my geometry test. i just found out it's tomorrow and I need all the time I can get to prepare.Q: What does the woman imply?17.A: I can't decide whether I should take physics now or wait till next semester.B: U might as well get it over with if u can.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?18.A: U look different today. Did u get a haircut?B: That's funny. Ur the third person to ask me that. But all I did was getting new frames for my eye glasses.Q: What does the man imply?19.A: Dr. Eliot, I'd like u to check the way u calculated my grade for this test, I think u may have made a mistake in adding up the number of questions I got right. When I added them up I came up with thos slightly higher grade than u did.B: I'd be ahppy to check it for u. And if I made a mistake in determing the grade i'll be sure to correct it. Don't worry.Q: What does the man imply?20.A: That last speaker was pretty boring. But he did make a few good points at the end.B: Really? I didn't catch them. I must have dozed off for a minute.Q: What does the woman neam?21.A: If u run into Joan this afternoon, could u ask her to call me. I need that book back thati lent her yesterday.B: No need. I saw her this morning and I've got it right here.Q: What can be infered from the conversation?22.A:I told my student today that I'd be taking a sabbatical next semester. But they didn't seem very surprised.B: Well, last week i let ur plans slip to same my students. So more than likely the word got around. Q: What does the man explain to the woman?23.A:Mary, I've got the bowls out for the stew. Do u think it needs any more pepper before I serve it?B: It's really quite nice an we did exactly what the recipe says. Why take a chance of ruiningit?Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?24.A: Those were such funny stories Tom told last night. He was like a totally different guy. B: Yeah, really. He is normally so serious. What do u think brought all that out of him.Q: What does the woman imply?25.A: Wow,look at all these old books on this shelf. They've got to be at least one hundred years old.I'll bet they worth a lot to collectors.B; Well. they'be got a lot of sentimental value for me, but that's about it.Q: What does the man mean?26.A: Hi, Susan, would u like to go our to eat with us? Several of us are going over to the Macardy's. B: Well, that sure beats sticking around here. Uhh... just let me pack up my things.Q: What is the woman going to do?27.A: I thought u said u and ur friends were just planning a small gathering. I could hear u from all the way up on the fourth floor of the building.B:OH, Gee, I'm really sorry. I guess we did get a little carried away, didn't we?Q: What can be inferred from the conversations?28.A: I kept looking for Mary at the seminar but never did see her. I can't imagine she forgot about it. She'd be talking about it for weeks.B: Oh she didn't. It's just that she caught areally bad cold a couple of days ago.Q: What can be inferred fom the conversation?29.A: Our history presentation is Thursday. When do u want to get together to work on it? B: Well, how about Monday ?That way we will still have enough time to figure out anything we are having trouble with.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?30. A: Hi, thanks for ur help. I guess I can handle the rest myself. But just in case, rugoing to be around later?B: I don't know but u can always ask Judy. She 's really good with these kinds of problems. Q: What does the woman imply?Part BQ31-34Hi, Janet, ur so lucky to be done with ur final exams and term papers. I still have 2 more finals to take?Really?Yeah, So what ru doing this summer, anything special?Well, actually yeah. My parents have alway liked taking my sister and me to different places in the United States. U know, places with historical significance. I guess they wanted to reinforce the stuff we learned in school about history. And so even though we are older now, they still do once in a while. Oh so where ru going this summer?Well, this summer it's finally goinf to be Gettyburg.Fianlly? U mean they never took u yet? I mean Gettysburg, it's probably the most famous civil war site in the country, It's only a couple of hours away. I think that would be one of the first place that they've taken u. i have been there a couple of times.We were gonna to go about ten,well,no, it was exactly ten years ago, but I don't know,sth happened, I cannot remember what.Sth changed ur plans?Yeah, don't ask me what it was, but we ended up not going anywhere that year. I hope that doesn't happen again this year. I wrote a paper about Gettysburg last semester for a history class. I was taking. Well about the political situation in the United States right after the battle at Gettysburg, So I'm eager to see the place.31. What are the students mainly discussing?32.What does the man find surprising about the woman?33.What is the woman unable to remember?34.What does the woman imply about Gettysburg?Q35-39What ru doing?I'm ordering somw filing cabinet out of a catalog.What do u need them for?There's so much stuff piling up in my dormitory room. If I don't do sth soon, I won't be able to move in there.Do u usually order from a catalog?Sometimes.Why?OH, it's just in the history class today we were talking about how the catalog sales business first got started in the US. A Chicago retailer, Montgomery Ward started it in the late 1800s. It was really popullar among farmers. it was difficult for them to make it to the big city stores so they ordered from catalogs.Was Ward the only one in the business?At first, but another person named richard Sears started his own catalog after he heard how much mmoney Ward was making.What made them so popular?Farmers trusted Ward and Sears for one thing. They delivered the products the farmers paid for and even refunded the price of things the farmers weren't satisfied with. The catalog became so popular some countries school teachers even used them as textbooks.Textbooks?Yeah, Students practice spelling the names and adding up the prices of things in the catalogs. Was everybody that thrilled about it?That's doubtful. Say they drove some small store owners out of business. Sears and Ward sold stuff in such large quantities. They were able to undercut the prices at some small family owned stores.35.What is the conversation mainly about?36. Why was the woman reading a catalog?37.Who were the main customers of Sears and Ward's business?38. What unusual way were the catalog used?39. What was one of the negative effects of the catalog business?Part CQ40-42The birds u see here in this slide are peregrine falcons. These birds represent a success storyamong animals on the endanged species list.. In the 1970s, the peregrine falcons almost disappeared as a result of the contamination of the food chain by the DDT in pesticide. The presence of the poison in their systems resulted in eggs too weak to support the incubating chicks. Their remarkable recovery is a result of the ban of DDT as a pesticide, aggressive captive feeding programs and their own resiliency. the peregrine falcon is one of the fastest birds alive. They've been clocked at 140 to 200 miles per hour in successful pursuit of pray. In addition to speed, these birds fly directly into head winds and they are capable of flying more than 600 miles per day with favorable tail winds. today with the sophistication of telemetty, the speeds of these birds can be tracked by orbiting satellites, by means of transmitters attached to the bird. For example , peregrine falcons stage in warmer climate, in other words,they spend time in the southern US over changes preparing them to breed in the Arctic. Then they migrate north to the much colder Arctic regions. Birds have been tracked from Texas in late April to their nesting ground in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Now let's move on to another species of birds, the bald eagles.40 What is the talk mainly about?41.According to the passage, what makes the peregrine falcon a good hunter?42. How did biologists track peregrine falcons over long distances?Q43-46Ok, so in our last class we were discussing big bands swing music.,u remember this was a kind of dance music with a steady rhythm. But today we deal with music played by smaller jazz bands. It's called bebop may use all sorts of new types of rhythms, some of them very irregular. We'll talk more about that later. But first I want to tald about some of the social elements that i believe contributed to the development of bebop music. To do this, we have to look at when bebop arose and started becoming so popular,which was from the late 1930s through the 1940s, from the time of the environment for bebop music was the decline of the US economy. During the great depression. the economy suffered tremendously. And fewer people had money to spend on entertainment. Then during the 2nd World War the government imposed a new tax on public entertainment, what u might call performance tax. The government collected money on performances that included any types of acting,dancing or singing, but not instrumental music. So to avoid this new tax, some jazz bands stop using singer altogether. They started relying on the creativity of the instrumentalist to attract audiences. This was what bebop bands did. Now remember a lot of bands have singers. So the instrumentalistssimply played in the background and had occasional solos while the singer sang the melody to the songs,but not bebop bands. So the instrumentalists had much more frredom to be creative. So they experimented, playing the music faster and using new irregular sorts of rhythms.43.What is the talk mainly about?44. How didi the bebop bands avoid the performance tax?45 Why does the professor mention the decline of the US economy during the great depression?46. What dose the professor describe as a significant characteristic of bebop music?Q47-50UR professor has asked me to talk to u today about the topic that should be of real concern tocivil engineers: the erosion of the US beaches. Let me start with some statistics. Did uknow that 90% of the coast in this country is eroding, on the gulf of Mexico for instance, erosion averages 4 to 5 feet per year. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in building along the coast, even though geologists and environmentalists have been warning communities about problems like erosion. Someway communities have tried to protect their building and roads and to build seawalls. However geologists have fould that such stabilizing structure actually speed up the destruction of the beaches. These beaches with seawalls, called stabilized beaches, are much narrower than beaches without them. U may wonder how seawalls speed up beach loss. The explanations is simple.If the flow of the beaches is gentle, the water energy is lessened as it washes up along the shore. It is reduced even more that returns to the sea so it doesn't carry back much sand. ON the other hand, when the water hit the nearly vertical face of the seawall. it goes straight back to the sea with the full force of its energy and it carries back a great deal of sand. Because of the real risk of losing beaches, many geologists support a ban on all types of stabilizing construction on shore lines.47. What is the speaker mainly discussing?48. Why do communities build seawalls?49. How does a gently sloping beach help prevent erosion?50. What would the speaker probably advise engineers to do?。

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