第二章 练习答案 词法翻译的一般技巧
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。
语言知识是翻译的基础。
此外,翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。
翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。
这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践,使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。
下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。
?1.词义的选择一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。
因此,在平日的翻译练习和测试中,我们在弄清原文句子结构后,务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义,以保证译文的质量。
通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择:1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义例如:Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good.[译文]:审查是为了整个社会的利益。
它像法律一样维护公众利益。
[注释]:本句中like作介词,意为"像……一样"。
但like作动词用,则意为"喜欢;想要"。
例如:He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。
)又如:Would you like to leave a message (你要不要留个话儿)此外,like还可以作形容词用,意为"相同的",如:Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥,异性相吸。
)2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义例1According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.[译文]:新学派的科学家们认为,技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。
第二章 词法翻译一般技巧(1--7法)
18)一语道破
hit the nail on the head
19) 充耳不闻 20) 出人头地 21) 吹毛求疵 22) 破釜沉舟 23) 大惊小怪 24) 大海捞针 25) 颠倒黑白 26) 得意忘形 27) 攀龙附凤 28) 大发雷霆 29) 骑虎难下 30) 视而不见
委员会提出那个提案,他们就把它否 决了。
They killed the motion when it came from the committee.
5)不顾具体搭配
由于不同语言有不同的选择限制,汉英两种语言中 某些对应的词语搭配范围是不尽相同的。 首先,使用范围大小不同。 其次,可引申的程度或引申义不同。 最后,上下义词的搭配分工不同。在汉语中泛指一 般动作的动词只能与泛指一般事物的名词搭配,表 示具体动作的动词往往只能与表示具体事物的名词 搭配;英语一般不受此限制。
汉译英句子翻译实例:
41) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on the downgrade. 42) 为了迷人眼目,他们把自己打扮成革命者。 In order to throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 43) 扪心自问,他不得不承认自己是错了。 By searching his heart he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 44) 他们个个摩拳擦掌,士气很高,准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Every one of them rolled up his sleeves for battle, high in morale and ready to win another brilliant victory. 45) 我们必须全力以赴,拿下这场球。 We must do our level best to win this game.
《英汉翻译技巧》(钟书能 主编)翻译练习参考答案
《英汉翻译技巧》(钟书能主编)翻译练习参考答案第1章翻译练习参考答案:1. 翻译下列词组,注意表达出原文词组的真实含义:(1)电线杆(2)洗耳恭听(3)感到害怕(4)令人扫兴的事或人(5)旧瓶装新酒(6)容易干的事、不重要的事情(7)有贵族血统的、出生名门的(8)生手、没经验的人(9)成或败(10)笑里藏刀2. 翻译下列词组,注意译文的“忠实性”:(1)东西保存时间长,终会派上好用场。
(2)得之艰难失之易。
(3)她来自于丹佛市附近的一个名不见经传的小镇。
(4)她买了13个鸡蛋。
(5)你占着那么多东西,而你自己又不想用,不就像狗占马槽吗?(6)他做事很老成。
(7)众所周知,过胖或过瘦肯定都是不健康的。
(8)我不知道他是否是个内奸。
(9)没有工具,人便一事无成;有了工具,人便无所不能。
(10)这两个星期,我一直坐卧不安地等待结果。
3. 翻译下面语篇,注意译文的“忠实性”和“流畅性”:改变了我生命的一封信丹尼斯·史密斯那时,我还不到30岁,在南布朗克斯第82消防支队做消防员,那也许是当时世界上最忙的消防队了。
一个星期天,天气晴和温暖,人们闲暇无事,邻近社区的活动也就比平时更多,消防员的任务也比平时更多。
那一天,我们肯定接到过15次或20次火警电话,最大的火灾发生在一栋废弃楼房背后的一个车库,光棉裹的水管就拖拽了有600英尺长。
在没有出警任务的间隙里,我会赶紧跑到队里办公室去读葛瑞队长的那份周日版《纽约时报》。
时近傍晚,我才终于读到了“书评”栏目。
一读之下,不由得怒火中烧。
有一篇文章居然公开宣称:诺贝尔文学奖得主,爱尔兰文艺复兴运动的领袖——威廉·巴特勒·叶芝超越了其爱尔兰精神,将永远作为一位世界诗人而被人铭记。
而我认为这简直是胡说八道。
对叶芝这份爱尔兰遗产,我十分引以为豪,很少有什么东西能够胜之。
我服兵役时曾从兵营书架上拿起一本叶芝的诗集,从那时起,他就成为了我最喜爱的爱尔兰作家,其次才是希恩·奥凯西和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。
《英语翻译基础》讲义及《样题和答案》
英语翻译基础讲义第一章翻译的基本原则1.Nature of Translation(翻译的性质)Translation is a science.Translation is an art.Translation is a craft.Translation is a skill.Translation is an operation.Translation is a language activity.Translation is communication2.Principles of Translation(翻译的原则)Three characters “信,达,雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance)———严复《天演论》Three characters “信,达,切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness) ———刘重德《翻译十讲》Summary:忠实与通顺(1) Faithfulness of Translation (翻译的忠实)Strictly speaking, faithfulness is the generalization of the principles of translation. That’s to say, true translation demands that the translator be faithful to the content, language and style of the original at the same time.Eg. 1.War, pestilence and famine consumed one million people.战争,瘟疫和饥馑毁掉了一百万人。
该句译文从三个方面与原文都是一致的。
内容上,措辞完全对应;形式上,中英文都是陈述句,且语序相同。
第二章翻译技巧:词法翻译法
一、词的选择和意义引申考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略一、理解应以原文,拆分语法结构二、改变原文顺序,组合汉语译文词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。
1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中,school 是“学派”的意思,而不是“学校”的意思;2.在1996年74)题elegant system 中,elegent是“完美,完善”的意思,而不是“优雅”的意思;3.在2001年75)题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中,smart 是“智能化”的意思,而不是“聪明”的意思;4.在2003年75)题like the concept of set in mathematics 中,set 是“集,集合”,而不是“一套,放置”等意思;5.在2004年62)题we are obliged to them 中,obliged是“感谢,感激”,而不是“被迫”的意思。
词义的选择例1.I’ll see her home tonight.今晚我送她回家。
例2. India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。
例3.He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学。
例4.New homes are for sale.新房出售。
例5.She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。
例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。
例7.Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
例8.He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
Chapter 2 翻译技巧之一--词类转译
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Some longtime associates and friends wanted to protect him from the White House; some, protect him from the public; and others, to protect him from himself. 有些老同事和老朋友想保护他,使他免受白宫的 迫害;一些人是想保护他,使他不受公众的攻击; 还有一些人则想保护他,使他本人不要说错话或 做错事。 “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来了!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小 径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
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注:英语介词可暗示词和词之间的关系,翻译时 应根据上下文词语之间的关系进行理解,同时应 注意英汉语言差别,汉语多用动词,英语多用名 次和介词。大体上说,我们一般不逐词翻译一些 英语词组,如”arrive at/in”, “put up with”, “take care of”等等。而是把介词或介词词组转译作汉 语动词。 2.5 英语动词转换成汉语名词 The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American. 我在聚会上见到的那个人,外表和谈吐都像美国人。
4
Some other examples: 1. A developing country with an impressive development plan requires large imports of capital, goods, technology, raw materials and consumer goods to carry out the plan effectively. 一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家,为了有效 地实施其发展计划,可能需要大量进口资本、货 物、技术、原材料和消费品。 2. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my older brother is a better teacher than I. 我未必能教你游泳。我想我的哥哥比我教得好。
Chapter 2 词法翻译技巧
合并译法
二、并列成分的省略
这家大公司的破产导致了这座城市下岗和失业人员增多,就业压力加大…… The bankruptcy of this big company has caused an increase in unemployment and more pressure of employment. 目标的轻重缓急、孰先孰后应该仔细研究、认真考虑和反复推敲。 Target priorities should be very carefully studied. 那件令人不快的事件,已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。 There has been much publicity about the unpleasant case. 在长期的革命历程中,各民主党派与中国共产党同呼吸共命运。 In the protracted process of the Chinese revolution, the various democratic parties shared a common fate with the Chinese Communist Party.
Chapter 2 词法翻译的一般技巧
第一节 对等译法
• • • • • • • • 1. “假朋友”问题 白菜 密码 手机 救火 早恋 青春痘 方便面
• • • •
2. 对等表达 单词 成语 谚语
第二节 增词译法
• 1. 冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节。虽则树叶落了,树 枝光了,但树木本身却是美丽的。 • 2. 公共场所禁止吸烟。 • 3. 中国是一个历史悠久的大国。 • 4. 要形成一种制度,确保领导班子年轻化,知识化。 • 5. 她用手捂住脸。 • 6. 他们躲起来了。 • 7. 交出翻译之前,必须多读几遍。 • 8. 这款手机物美价廉。 • 9. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
词法翻译学生版
第二章词法翻译词法翻译即根据“表达通顺”的需要在词类层次进行的各种处理,包括词性(类)转换、增词或减词、重复或省略、正译或反译、抽象化和具体化等等方法,以达到“表达通顺”之目的,此类方法,大多属于“此路不通,另辟蹊径”。
第一节词类转译词类转译又叫词性转换。
翻译过程中,为了句子通顺的需要,有时需改变原文的词性,不必也不可拘泥于原文的词性:即不能追求词性的对等。
一、转译成动词:1.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.2.The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.3.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.lions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.5.It was a very informative meeting.6.This pupil is a good writer.7.I am no drinker, nor smoker.8.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.9.Rockets have found their application for the exploration of the universe.10. Arrogance and complacency turned out to be his ruin.11. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.12. Ours is a policy for peace.13. Those Mexicans were great workmen. (jinghao: P.107)14. The Bench was nothing to me but an insensible blunderer.15. He is not an originator, but merely a calculator.二、转译成名词:1. Formality has always characterized their relationship.2. To them, he personified the absolute power.3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the conference.4. This instrument is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth.6. This problem is no more important than that one.7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.8. Stevenson is eloquent and elegant—but soft.9. Because of Einstei n’s theory, scientists never regarded again regarded the world as they had before.10. The knowledge of how to communicate in an original, amusing, and spontaneous manner todelight the audience may be of importance to a would-be lecturer.三、转译成形容词。
英语翻译Unit 2技巧与实践参考答案
预习作业1:1.他因病未能参加会议。
(无生命主语句的译法)2.他气得说不出话来。
(无生命主语句的译法)3.由于天气寒冷,大家都躲进了室内。
(把无生命主语句转化为汉语复合句)4.她很喜欢音乐。
(静态词转换成动态词)5.列宁小时候酷爱文学。
(静态词转换成动态词)6.他们一时不必担心被饿死。
(静态词转换成动态词,无生命主语转换成人做主语,主动转换成被动)7.每次听到老朋友去世的消息,我总要惆怅多时。
(静态词转换成动态词,无生命主语转换成人做主语)8.我觉得他不喜欢这本书。
(肯定转换成否定)9.更重要的是,他总是给20美元的小费。
(静态词转换成动态词)10.我觉得他喜欢这本书。
(否定转换成肯定)11.他打起鼾来很可怕。
(静态词转换成动态词)12.这篇小说我理解不了。
(无生命主语转换成人做主语)13.你不应该这么不小心。
(肯定转换成否定)14.没想到你会这么不明事理。
(肯定转换成否定)15.他很明智,不会被胜利冲昏头脑。
(肯定转换成否定)16.我在绘画方面谈不上有所专攻,只是热爱这门艺术而已,因此要为这部画册作序,只能三言两语谈一点肤浅的看法。
(逻辑顺序,静态词转换成动态词)预习作业2:1.When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandmastarted tears trickling down my cheeks. (动态词转换成静态词,增译出主语)2.It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. (増译形式主语)3.Romance of the Three Kingdoms is claimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature,with a grand total of 800000 words, 1191 characters and 120 chapters. (英汉重要信息安排的位置不同)4.Wherever the Chinese go, the custom of drinking tea follows. (主观转换成客观)5.The custom of drinking tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years.(主动转换成被动)6.Embroidery, a fork art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of Chinese art andcrafts.7.Silkworms were domesticated in China as early as 5000 years ago. (主观转换成客观)8.It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (主观转换成客观)9.It is raining cats and dogs outside. (増译形式主语)10.As is known to all, 1980 saw the successful launching of China’s first intercontinental guided missile. (主动转换成被动,主观转换成客观,动词转换成兼动名词)11.She complained about the omission of her name from the list. (否定转换成肯定)12.He was the last man to say such things. (否定转换成肯定)13.They never work without helping each other.14.All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. (部分否定)15.We don’t think she can arrive in time. (否定转移)16.He who makes no investigation has no right to speak. (增译主语)复习作业1:将来水的问题会变得更加尖锐复杂。
【VIP专享】英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
翻译第二章 技巧1
(二)注意词义的强弱
3. 反动派的暴行激起了人民的 . 极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 4.孙中山是个好人。 .孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Zhongshan was a man of integrity.
西方舆论纷纷预测: 西方舆论纷纷预测: The public opinion in the West predicts one after another ( 应 为 The Western press has much to say in prediction)
强硬政策: 强硬政策: Strong policy (应为 应为tough) 应为
Aggression (
The act of initiating hostilities or invasion侵犯; 侵略; 挑衅: 发动敌对行 侵犯; 侵犯 侵略;挑衅: 为或侵略举动) 为或侵略举动)
12.“自主” . 自主” Autonomy(Self-government with respect (
8 . He dedicated his whole life to serving the people. 9.The squad leader ordered . the men to fix bayonets. 10.Let me know if anything . happens. 11 . We’re not going to let him bring shame on our collective.
(五)注意词的政治含义 10.“农民” . 农民” peasant ( A member of the
考研英语二翻译题技巧
考研英语二翻译题技巧考研英语二翻译题技巧英语和汉语是两种截然不同的语言,语法结构和逻辑思维习惯都不太一样,同学们需要分析句子的语法和逻辑结构。
找到句子主干和修饰语,弄清修饰语与主干是什么修饰关系。
最后,根据单词和逻辑关系,重新组合成汉语译文。
接下来告诉你英语二翻译题技巧。
一.增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
二.省译法这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
三.转换法指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。
在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。
unit 2 翻译技巧
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常用的翻译技巧
1. 增译法 (amplification) 2. 减译法 (omission) 3. 重复法 (repetition) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voice) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation) 8. 词序调整法 (inversion)
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分译法
这些国家的共产党和进步党派,正促使它们 的政府和我们作生意,以至建立外交关系,这是善 意的,这就是援助。 The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help.
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As to direct and indirect exporting, which approach is best depends on such factors as the company's size, its export volume, the number of foreign countries involved, the investment required to support the operation, the profit potential, the risk present, and the desires of the overseas buyers. 至于直接出口业务和间接出口业务,哪一种方式最 好取决于许多因素,比如公司的大小、出口数量的 多少、公司业务所牵涉的国家的多少,出口所需投 资的多少,可赚利润的多少,存在风险的多少,以 及海外买主的要求等等。
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
《商务英语翻译》第2章 第四节 反译法
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2.4 常用翻译方法与技巧系列:反译法 英语和汉语中均有从正面或者反面来表达同一 概念的现象。翻译时,英语里有些从正面表达 的词语或句子,汉译时可以从反面来表达,即 正说反译法;二是英语里有些从反面表达的词 语或句子,汉译时可从正面来表达,即反说正 译法。此两种情况统称反译法(Negation)。 一、正说反译 二、反说正译
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3. 副词性含蓄否定词
作副词用的含蓄否定词有: idly(漫不经心 地), slowly(不慌不忙地), predictably(不出 所料), safely(万无一失,错不了), exactly (一点不错), away(连续不断地)…
例11:She said idly, “Well, what does it matter?” 她漫不经心地说:“哼,这有什么关系?” 例12:Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelopeand unfolded it. 他不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸打开来。
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三、其他情况的反译
一、正说反译
正说反译是指把英语的肯定句翻译为汉语的否
定句。 英语中有一些常用肯定形式的词,往往有否定 的含义,这些词称为含蓄否定词。这些词在翻译 时一般要从反面进行翻译,即翻译成汉语的否定 词组。它们包括:名词、动词、副词、形容词、 介词、连词等。
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名词:neglect, failure, ignorance, avoidance,
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6. 连词性含蓄否定词
作连词用的含蓄否定词有: unless(如果 不), or(否则), before(未…就,还没有… 就), too… not to(那么…不会不)rather… than(宁可…也不愿), with dignity(不失体面) , worthy of(不会辜负)…
第二章翻译技巧:词法翻译法
第二章翻译技巧:词法翻译法一、词的选择和意义引申考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略一、理解应以原文,拆分语法结构二、改变原文顺序,组合汉语译文词义选择和词义引申词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。
1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中,school 是“学派”的意思,而不是“学校”的意思;2.在1996年74)题elegant system 中,elegent是“完美,完善”的意思,而不是“优雅”的意思;3.在2001年75)题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中,smart 是“智能化”的意思,而不是“聪明”的意思;4.在2003年75)题like the concept of set in mathematics 中,set 是“集,集合”,而不是“一套,放置”等意思;5.在2004年62)题we are obliged to them 中,obliged是“感谢,感激”,而不是“被迫”的意思。
词义的选择例1.I’ll see her home tonight.今晚我送她回家。
例2. India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。
例3.He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学。
例4.New homes are for sale.新房出售。
例5.She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。
例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。
例7.Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
例8.He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
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第二章词法翻译的一般技巧第一节对等译法一、翻译下面的句子,注意搭配产生的“假朋友”1. a faithful Christian2. a loving parent3. an obedient child4. a virtuous wife5. a dutiful husband6. a hardworking student7. strong wind 8. thick fog9 heavy rain二、翻译下列句子,注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。
1. Only when they find much n common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. (注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative)2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.三、用对等译法,翻译下列成语。
1. fish in troubled waters2. be after one's own heart3. skin and bones4. touch and go5. hit the nail on the head6. be head and shoulders above others7. turn a deaf ear to8. burn one's boat9. turn a blind eye to10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay四、用对等译法,翻译下列谚语。
1. Practice makes perfect.2. More haste, less speed.3. East or west, home is best.4. All is fish that comes to the net.5. Everything comes to him who waits6. The moon is not seen when the sun shines7. Look before you leap.8. There is no smoke without fire.第二节增词译法一、翻译下列句子,注意增补冠词1. Even a child can answer this question.2. This is the head of our delegation3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio.4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave.5. We must have faith in the masses.6. The compass was invented in China7. The moon moves around the earth.二、翻译下列句子,注意增补代词。
1. Hand in your exercise-books, please.2. I can't express myself in English.3. Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.4. Don't overwork yourself.5. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.三、翻译下列句子,注意增补动词。
1. They are in high spirits.2. They beamed with joy.3. He is quick of eye and deft of hand.4. This article is easy to read and understand5. I stood aloof from him.四、翻译下列句子,注意增补介词。
l. The book is very popular among young people.2. She inquired about your illness.3. The mountain is l,000 feet above the sea level.4. Shut the door after/when you go out.5. Dinner was at one o'clock.6. We rejoice at every victory you win.五、翻译下列句子,注意增补连词。
1. Promote physical culture and build up the people's health2. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.3. We worked neither for fame nor for personal gain.4. We should strike while the iron is hot.5. I shall stay here until I've completed my studies.六、翻译下列句子或短语,从文化角度增补词语。
1. You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynastyand the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen—both of them were disciples of Confucius no one would ask your advice.2. to show off one's proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter3. Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor.4. let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views5. black children, who are born in violation of China's one-child policy第三节减词译法一、翻译下列句子注意省略原文的范畴词。
1. Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy2. His rudeness shocked me.3. He has undertaken/taken up the translation of Lu Xun's works.4. The export is not permitted to exceed its limit.5. The discussion covers Sino-US relations.6. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.8. Now birth control became a possibility.9. China is carrying out nationwide pollution control and environmental protection.10. During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual properties rights.11. promote peaceful reunification12. Our import-export in the first half of this year has gone very well.二、翻译下列句子,注意省略原文的重复成分。
1. The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from aperspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.2. When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.3. distance/length/size/height4. Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and therule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.5. Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.6. Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.7. Our party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces; the orientation of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.三、翻译下列句子,注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。