节奏用英语怎么说

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与节奏有关的英文名词解释

与节奏有关的英文名词解释

与节奏有关的英文名词解释随着全球化的推进和跨文化的交流,学习外语成为了当代人重要的素养之一。

而在学习英语过程中,了解与节奏有关的英文名词是培养语感和提高口语表达能力的关键。

本文将详细解释与节奏有关的英文名词,从音乐、诗歌和语言的角度探讨其内涵,帮助读者更好地理解这些名词的意义和应用。

1. Rhythm(韵律)Rhythm是与音乐和诗歌密切相关的概念,它指的是音符(音乐)或音节(诗歌)按照一定的时间间隔和强度排列而形成的有序的方式。

在音乐中,节奏是由不同音符的时值和强弱来决定的,它赋予音乐作品以生动的节奏感和律动感。

在诗歌中,节奏是由音节的重音和轻音交替排列而形成的,它使得诗歌朗诵时具有优美的韵律和抑扬顿挫的感觉。

2. Beat(拍子)Beat通常用来描述音乐的节拍,它是音乐中最基本的元素之一。

Beat意为“节拍”,可以指音乐作品中的节拍或者人们跳舞时的舞曲节奏。

在音乐中,每个小节(bar)都由一定数量的拍子组成,而拍子之间的时间间隔则决定了音乐的速度和节奏感。

在跳舞中,拍子的节奏决定了人们的舞步和动作,使得整个舞蹈充满活力和动感。

3. Tempo(速度)Tempo指的是音乐的速度或者诗歌的节奏感。

它决定了音乐作品的快慢程度,以及诗歌的朗诵节奏。

在音乐中,Tempo通常用一些特定的音乐术语来表示,比如“Adagio”(慢板)表示慢速,“Allegro”(快板)表示快速。

这些术语在音乐中具有一定的约定俗成的含义,使得音乐表达更加准确和丰富。

在诗歌中,Tempo则决定了朗诵的速度和节奏感,使得诗歌的表达更加生动和有感染力。

4. Syncopation(打击乐)Syncopation是一种在音乐中常见的节奏形式,它通过在强拍上加入弱拍的音符,以达到突出弱拍的效果。

这种弱拍突出的手法给音乐增添了复杂性和变化性,使得音乐更加丰富和具有张力。

Syncopation在爵士音乐和拉丁音乐中广泛应用,使得这些音乐风格具有独特的节奏感和魅力。

音乐英语词汇大全熟悉音乐领域的专业术语

音乐英语词汇大全熟悉音乐领域的专业术语

音乐英语词汇大全熟悉音乐领域的专业术语音乐是人类创造的一种艺术形式,通过声音、节奏和旋律等元素表达情感和思想。

对于学习音乐的人来说,熟悉音乐领域的专业术语是非常重要的。

本文汇总了一些常见的音乐英语词汇,帮助读者扩展音乐词汇量,提升对音乐的理解和表达能力。

一、音乐基础知识1. Melody(旋律)- 由一系列音符按照特定顺序组成的音乐段落。

2. Harmony(和声)- 由两个或多个不同音符同时发声形成的音乐效果。

3. Rhythm(节奏)- 音乐中时间和强弱的规律。

4. Tempo(速度)- 音乐的速度或节奏的快慢。

5. Dynamics(音量)- 音乐的声音强弱程度。

6. Pitch(音高)- 音乐中音符所占的音高位置。

7. Scale(音阶)- 包含上下行音阶的一组音符序列。

8. Chord(和弦)- 两个或多个音符同时发声所形成的和弦。

9. Key(调式)- 音乐中基本的调性,常见的调式有C大调、D小调等。

10. Beat(拍子)- 音乐中连续有规律的强弱节拍。

二、乐器和演奏技术1. Piano(钢琴)- 弹奏用键盘乐器,用于演奏和弹奏各种音乐。

2. Guitar(吉他)- 弹拨或弹奏用的乐器,具有六根弦。

3. Violin(小提琴)- 用琴弓弹奏的拉弦乐器。

4. Trumpet(小号)- 铜管乐器,通过气息振动产生声音。

5. Flute(长笛)- 木管乐器,通过吹气产生声音。

6. Drum(鼓)- 打击乐器,通过敲击产生声音。

7. Saxophone(萨克斯管)- 金属管乐器,通过吹气和按键产生声音。

8. Trombone(长号)- 铜管乐器,通过气息和滑动来改变音高。

9. Vibrato(颤音)- 演奏时声音有规律的波动。

10. Legato(连奏)- 演奏时音符之间平滑地连接。

三、音乐风格和流派1. Classical(古典音乐)- 指西方音乐史上的古典时期音乐。

2. Jazz(爵士乐)- 起源于美国黑人音乐,强调即兴创作和节奏感。

有关节奏的英语作文素材

有关节奏的英语作文素材

有关节奏的英语作文素材When it comes to rhythm, it's not just about music. Rhythm permeates every aspect of our lives, from the beating of our hearts to the patterns of our daily routines.In music, rhythm is the backbone of the melody. It gives a song its pulse, its groove, and its energy. Whether it's the steady thump of a bass drum or the syncopated pulse of a jazz tune, rhythm is what gets our bodies moving and our toes tapping.But rhythm goes beyond music. It's present in the way we speak, the way we move, and the way we engage with the world around us. Think about the rhythmic cadence of a persuasive speech, the steady pace of a runner on a track, or the repetitive motion of a dancer's steps. All of these actions are driven by rhythm.Even in nature, rhythm is ubiquitous. The ebb and flow of the ocean's tides, the rise and fall of the sun each day, and the changing of the seasons all follow their own natural rhythms. These patterns not only dictate the physical worldbut also influence our own behaviors and emotions.In our daily lives, we often seek out rhythm to provide structure and predictability. We create routines and rituals that follow a rhythm, from the morning coffee to the evening commute. These patterns give us a sense of stability and comfort amidst the chaos of modern life.Moreover, rhythm has the power to bring people together. When we participate in a collective rhythm, whether it's through dance, music, or even just walking in step with others, we feel a sense of unity and connection. It's as ifwe're all part of a larger, harmonious whole.In conclusion, rhythm is more than just a musical concept. It's a fundamental force that shapes our experiences andinteractions. From the music we listen to, to the way we move, to the natural world around us, rhythm is an integral part of what makes us human. Let's embrace and celebrate the rhythms that surround us, for they enrich our lives in countless ways.。

英文诗歌节奏韵律介绍

英文诗歌节奏韵律介绍

• Eg1. • But once , years after , in the country lanes , • Two scholars , whom at college erst he knew , • Met him , and of his way of life inquired . • Whereat he answered , that the Gipsy crew , • His mates , had arts to rule as they desired • The workings of mens brains ; • 年后,有一次,相逢在乡间小路, • 两个学者,在学院结识于昔往 • 今又遇于;问他作何人生探讨, • 他答:追随才智非凡的吉卜赛同行, • 他的同伴,掌握艺术规律和祈祷 • 能随意左右人们的思路。 • krew 与crew , inquired 与desired 都是刚韵。
尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式
• 1) 联韵:aabb型。 • I shot an arrow into the air, • It fell to earth, I knew not where; • For, so swiftly it flew, the sight • Could not follow it in its flight. • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song • 2) 交叉韵:abab型。 • Sunset and evening star, • And one clear call for me! • And may there be no moaning of the bar, • When I put out to sea, • Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar

考研英语大纲词汇(带音标)乱序版

考研英语大纲词汇(带音标)乱序版

1coll ege ['kɔlidʒ] n.学院,高等专科学校,大学sky [skai] n.天空;[pl.]天色;气候contrast [kən'trɑ:st, -'træst] n.对比,对照vi.形成对比vt.把…与…对比graphic ['ɡræfik] a.绘画似的, 图解的,生动的evolution [,i:və'lu:ʃən, ,ev-] n.进化,演变,发展,进展complication [,kɔmpli'keiʃən] n.复杂,纠纷;并发症mind [maind] n.精神,理智,意见,记忆力v.注意,介意,反对upward ['ʌpwəd] a.向上的,上升的ad.向上specialist ['speʃəlist] n.专家living ['liviŋ] a.活的,有生命的,天然的,逼真的n.生活,生计judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n.(judgment)审判,判决;判断(力);看法,意见situation [,sitju'eiʃən, -tʃu-] n.形势,处境,状况;位置,场所;职位,职务ticket ['tikit] n.票,入场券;票签;(交通违章)罚款传票basket ['bɑ:skit, 'bæs-] n.筐,篮,篓background ['bækɡraund] n.背景,经历;幕后benefit ['benifit] n.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益serve [sə:v] v.服务,尽责;招待,侍候;符合,适用barrel ['bærəl] n.桶;枪管,炮管fact [fækt] n.事实,实际tractor ['træktə] n.拖拉机,牵引车wide [waid] a.宽阔的;睁大的;远离的ad.广阔地;偏差地preserve [pri'zə:v] v.保护,维持;保存,保藏expert ['ekspə:t, ek'spə:t] n.专家,能手a.熟练的,有经验的;专门的notice ['nəutis] n.通知,通告,布告;注意,认识v.注意到,注意rotary ['rəutəri] a.旋转的automatic [,ɔ:tə'mætik] a.自动(装置)的;无意识的;n.自动机械presumably [pri'zju:-məbli,pri:-] ad.推测起来,大概intention n.意图,意向,目的transmission [trænz'miʃən, træns-] n.播送,发射;传动,传送empty ['empti] a.空的;空洞的v.倒空,使成为空的pebbl e ['pebl] n.卵石postcard n.明信片melt [melt] v.(使)融化,(使)熔化apartment n.[英]房间,套间;[美]公寓edit ['edit] v.编辑,校订whale [hweil] n.鲸;庞然大物much [mʌtʃ] a.多的,大量的ad.十分,非常;到极大程度gigantic [,dʒai'ɡæntik] a.巨大的,庞大的scarce [skεəs] a.缺乏的,不足的;稀少的,罕见的invaluable [in'væljuəbl] a.非常宝贵的,无价的hover ['hɔvə, 'hʌ-] vi.(鸟)盘旋,翱翔,(人)逗留在附近徘徊lad [læd] n.男孩,小伙子beef [bi:f] n.牛肉balcony ['bælkəni] n.阳台;(电影院等的)楼厅,楼座stumbl e ['stʌmbl] n.跌倒,绊倒vi.绊(摔)倒;结结巴巴说condemn [kən'd em] v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪say [sei] vt.说,讲;说明;比如说vi.说,发表意见quick [kwik] a.快的;灵敏的,伶俐的;敏锐的ad.快,迅速地sympathy ['simpəθi] n.同情,同情心;赞同,同感;慰问win [win] vi.获胜,赢vt.赢得;在…中获胜n.胜利variation [,vεəri'eiʃən] n.变化,变动;变种,变异dive ['di:vei, daiv] v./n.潜水,跳水,俯冲bath [bɑ:θ] n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆) v.(给…)洗澡chef [ʃef] n.(餐馆等的)厨师长,厨师sweat [swet] n.汗v.(使)出汗subject ['sʌbdʒikt, səb'dʒekt] n.主题;学科a.隶属的;易遭..的v.使隶属flame [fl eim] n.火焰,火苗;热情;光辉v.发火焰,燃烧master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə] n.男主人;师傅;硕士v.精通,控制a.主要的offspring ['ɔfspriŋ, 'ɔ:-] n.子孙,后代;结果,产物anger ['æŋɡə] n.愤怒,气愤vt.使发怒,激怒vi.发怒miserable ['mizərəbl] a.痛苦的,悲惨的way [wei] n.道路,路程;方法/式,手段;习惯;状态tick [tik] n.滴答声;勾号v.滴答响;打勾号于plunge [plʌndʒ] v.(into)(使)投入,(使)插进,陷入;猛冲take [teik] v.拿取;吃;记录;取得;花费;捕获;认为governor ['ɡʌvənə] n.统治者,管理者,总督,州(省)长information [,infə'meiʃən] n.通知,报告;情报,资料,消息;信息pool [pu:l] n.水池,游泳池;合资经营v.合伙经营,联营label ['leibl] n.标签v.把...称为;用标签于;用标签标明ladd er ['lædə] n.梯子,阶梯low [ləu] a.低,矮;低级的,下层的,卑贱的;低声的overcoat ['əuvəkəut] n.外衣,大衣certainty n.必然,肯定;必然的事bypass ['baipɑ:s,-pæs] n.(by-pass)旁道;vt.绕过recruit [ri'kru:t] v.征募(新兵),吸收;补充n.新成员,新兵flash [flæʃ] n./a.闪光(的) v.发闪光,闪亮;闪现complete [kəm'pli:t] a.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满gene [dʒi:n] n.基因wine [wain] n.葡萄酒,果酒od d [ɔd] a.奇数的;奇怪的;单只的;临时的;带零头的lawn [lɔ:n] n.草地,草坪rock [rɔk] n.岩石,石块v.摇,摇动above [ə'bʌv] a.上述的ad.在上面,在前文prep.在..之上,高于live [liv] v.活着,生活,居住a.活的,生动的,直播的distract [dis'trækt] v.分散;使分心;打扰;使心情烦乱champagne [,ʃæm'pein] n.香槟酒;微黄色flavor ['fleivə] n.(flavour)情味;风味;滋味v.给…调味noun [naun] n.名词tar [tɑ:] n.柏油,焦油vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于trace [treis] n.痕迹,踪迹;极少量v.描绘;跟踪,追踪tail or ['teilə] n.裁缝v.缝制,剪裁humidity [hju:'midəti] n.湿气,湿度thick [θik] a.厚的,粗的,稠的,浓的ad.厚,浓,密theoretical [,θiə'retikəl, ,θi:ə-] a.理论(上)的ceiling ['si:liŋ] n.天花板;(规定价格、工资等的)最高限额proposition [,prɔpə'ziʃən] n.主张,建议;陈述,命题we [wi:弱wi] pron.我们<主格>comprise [kəm'praiz] vt.包含,包括,由...组成;构成,组成degree n.程度;度数;学位;等级oval ['əuvəl] a.卵形的,椭圆形的n.卵形,椭圆形summarize ['sʌməraiz] v.(summarise)概括,总结drug [drʌɡ] n.药物;麻醉品;毒品;滞销货v.下麻药;吸毒turbulent ['tə:bjulənt] a.狂暴的,无秩序的fraction ['frækʃən] n.碎片,小部分,一点儿;分数sort [sɔ:t] n.种类,类别v.分类,整理thereafter [,ðεər'ɑ:ftə, -'æf-] ad.此后,以后hedge [hedʒ] n.篱笆,树篱,障碍物v.用树篱围住mob [mɔb] n.乌合之众(尤指暴力者) vi.围攻,聚众闹事solid ['sɔlid] a.固体的;结实的,稳固的,可靠的n.固体mayor ['mεə] n.市长troop [tru:p] n.(pl.)部队,军队;(一)群/队v.群集,集合auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri] a.辅助的,支援的n.辅助者,辅助设备invest [in'vest] vt.投资,投入(精力、时间等)describe [di'skraib] v.描述,形容interesting ['intristiŋ, 'intər-] a.有趣的,引人入胜的assistance [ə'sistəns] n.协作; 援助; 帮助willing ['wiliŋ] a.愿意的,乐意的,心甘情愿的includ e [in'klu:d] v.包括,包含,计入hammer ['hæmə] n.铁锤,槌,榔头v.锤击,敲打module ['mɔdju:l, -dʒu:l] n.组件,模块,模件;(航天器的)舱nonethel ess ad.[neverthel ess]虽然如此, 但是dairy ['dεəri] n.牛奶场,奶店tongue [tʌŋ] n.舌;语言flee [fli:] v.逃走;逃避advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət] n.辩护者,拥护者,鼓吹者vt.拥护,提倡bureaucracy [bjuə'rɔkrəsi] n.官僚主义,官僚机构;(非民选的)委任官员bibliography [,bibli'ɔɡrəfi] n.(有关某一专题的)书目;参考书目empl oyer [im'plɔiə] n.雇主bully ['buli] n.恃强欺弱者,小流氓vt.威胁,欺侮deed [di:d] n.行为,行动;功绩,事迹;证书;契据condition [kən'diʃən] n.条件,状况,环境vt.决定;支配;训练infant ['infənt] n.婴儿,幼儿intrigue [in'tri:ɡ, 'in-] n.阴谋v.密谋,私通;激起…的兴趣;诡计取得jungle ['dʒʌŋɡl] n.丛林,生死地带unfortunately ad.不幸地morality [mə'ræləti, mɔ:-] n.道德,美德housing ['hɔvə, 'hʌ-] n.住房,住房供给;(外、阀)壳,防护罩stake [steik] n.桩,标桩;赌注,利害关系haste [heist] n.匆忙,急速;草率v.赶快;匆忙proportion [prəu'pɔ:ʃən] n.比例;部分;均衡,相称jug [dʒʌɡ] n.(有柄,小口,可盛水等的)大壶,罐,盂welfare ['welfεə] n.福利;幸福;福利事业wise [waiz] a.有智慧的,聪明的crime [kraim] n.罪行,犯罪oppress [ə'pres] v.压迫,压制whip [hwip] n.鞭子;车夫v.鞭打,抽打;突然移动name [neim] n.名字(称/声/义) vt.给…取名;列举;提名outing ['autiŋ] n.外出,旅行,散步startle ['stɑ:tl] v.惊吓,使吃惊cardinal ['kɑ:dinəl] n.(天主教的)红衣主教a.首要的,基本的street [stri:t] n.街,街道;行车道spin [spin] v.旋转;纺纱;织网,吐丝n.旋转;自转eagle ['i:ɡl] n.鹰lend [lend] vt.借给,贷(款)scholar ['skɔlə] n.学者choke v.窒息,噎住;闷塞,堵塞,阻塞infectious [in'fekʃəs] a.传染的,传染性的,有感染力的minus ['mainəs] a.负的,减的prep.减去n.负号,减号threshold['θreʃhəuld] n.门槛;入门,开端enforce [in'fɔ:s] v.实施,执行;强制;支持,坚持(要求,主张等)opinion n.意见,看法,主张lottery ['lɔtəri] n.抽彩;碰运气的事,难于算计的事book [buk] n.书,书籍vt.订(票,座位,房间等),预定opt [ɔpt]vi.抉择,选择crash [kræʃ] v./n.碰撞,坠落,摔坏n.失败,瓦解;爆裂声round [raund] a.圆的prep.围绕ad.在周围v.绕行n.(一)回合million ['miljən] num./n.百万,百万个crow n.乌鸦v./n.鸡啼,鸣叫oak [əuk] n.橡树,橡木a.橡木的queer [kwiə] a.奇怪的,古怪的presently ['prezəntli] ad.一会儿,不久;现在,目前spare [spεə] a.多余的,备用的v.节约,节省;抽出(时间)removal [ri'mu:vəl] n.移动,迁居;除去application [,æpli'keiʃən] n.申请,请求,申请书;应用,实施,实用性disease [di'zi:z] n.疾病cloak [kləuk] n.斗蓬,披风;掩饰,幌子vt.掩盖,掩饰resemblance [ri'zembləns] n.相似,相似性[点,物]spontaneous [spɔn'teiniəs] a.自发的,自然产生的resistant [ri'zistənt] a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的accordingly [ə'kɔ:diŋli] ad.相应地,照着办,按照;于是,因此collar ['kɔlə] n.衣领;环状物ink [iŋk] n.墨水,油墨tabl e ['teibl] n.桌子;餐桌;工作台;表格vt.搁置;提交讨论resistance [ri'zistəns] n.(to)抵抗,反抗;抵抗力,阻力;电阻unempl oyment [,ʌnim'plɔimənt] n.失业,失业人数theft [θeft] n.偷窃(行为),偷窃罪declaration [,deklə'reiʃən] n.宣言,宣布,声明swing [swiŋ] v.摇摆,摇荡,回转,旋转n.秋千;摇摆,摆动cunning ['kʌniŋ] a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的)hair n.毛发,头发;绒毛,毛状物neighborhood['neibəhud] n.(neighbourhood)邻居;四邻,街道zigzag ['ziɡzæɡ] n./a.之字形(的) v.使曲折,曲折盘旋tremble ['trembl] n.战栗,颤抖v.发抖,颤抖;摇动;焦虑cancel ['kænsəl] v.取消,把…作废;删去,划掉according to [ə'kɔ:diŋtu] prep.据/照…(所说、所写);按…,视…trash [træʃ] n.垃圾;拙劣的作品;渣滓,败类decimal ['d esiməl] a.十进的,小数的,十进制的n.小数speciality [,speʃi'æləti] n.(specialty)特性,性质;专业/长;特产angry ['æŋɡri] a.生气的,愤怒的;(天气)风雨交加的cop n.警察(slang 俚语)move [mu:v] v.移动,迁移;活动;感动n.移动,活动,行动daytime ['d eitaim] n.白天,日间hitherto [,hiðə'tu:] ad.到目前为止,迄今execute ['eksikju:t] v.实行;实施;执行;完成;履行;处死progressive [prəu'ɡresiv] a.进步的,先进的;前进的hike [haik] n.徒步旅行;增加vi.徒步旅行vt.提高consumption [kən'sʌmpʃən] n.消费(量),消耗timid ['timid] a.胆怯的,怯懦的industry ['indəstri] n.工业,产业;勤劳,勤奋restaurant ['restərɔnt] n.餐馆,饭店basis ['beisis] n.基础,根据throughout [θru:'aut] prep.遍及,贯穿ad.到处,自始至终,彻底supper ['sʌpə] n.晚餐tempo ['tempəu] n.节奏,行进速度;(音乐的)速度generalize ['dʒenərəlaiz] v.(generalise)归纳,概括;推广,普及overfl ow [,əuvə'fləu, 'əuvəfləu] v.(使)外溢,(使)溢出;溢出,流出,漫出airline ['εəlain] n.(飞机)航线a.(飞机)航线的home [həum] ad.回家,在家n.家;家乡a.家庭的;家乡的breeze [bri:z] n.微风;轻而易举的事vi.来去匆匆,急速走sentence ['sentəns] n.句子;判决,宣判v.宣判,判决chip [tʃip] n.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块shore [ʃɔ:] n.海滨,湖滨national ['næʃənəl] a.民族的,国家的,国立的truth [tru:θ] n.真实,真相;真实性;真理lest [lest] conj.惟恐,免得scratch [skrætʃ] v.抓,搔,扒n.抓,搔,抓痕;起跑线restore [ri'stɔ:] v.恢复,使回复;归还,交还;修复,重建interference [,intə'fiərəns] n.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰enlighten [in'laitən] v.启发,启蒙,教导mechanism ['mekənizəm] n.机械装置,机构;机制camp [kæmp] n.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营element ['elimənt] n.元素;要素;成分;元件;自然环境proceeding [prəu'si:diŋ] n.行动,进行,(pl.)会议录,学报perhaps [pə'hæps, præps] ad.也许,大概,恐怕velocity [vi'lɔsəti] n.速度,速率partner ['pɑ:tnə] n.合作者,合伙人,合股人,伙伴,舞伴,配偶norm [nɔ:m] n.准则,规范,准则,平均数linger ['liŋɡə] v.逗留,徘徊,拖延,留恋,浪费光阴,苟延残喘envelope ['envələup] n.信封,信皮;封套devise [di'vaiz] vt.设计;发明;图谋;作出(计划);想出(办法)dense [dens] a.浓厚的,密集的,稠密的relative ['relətiv] a.相对的,比较的,有关系的n.亲戚,关系词sew [səu] v.缝,缝纫sl ow [sləu] a.慢的,不活跃的v.(d own)(使)放慢,减速dominate ['dɔmineit] v.支配,统治,控制;占优势swamp [swɔmp, swɔ:mp] n.沼泽;湿地vt.浸没;使…应接不暇ignorant ['iɡnərənt] a.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的bald [bɔ:ld] a.秃的,秃头的rotate [rəu'teit, 'rəuteit] v.(使)旋转fell ow ['feləu] n.人,家伙;伙伴,同事a.同样的,同事的data ['d eitə] n.资料,数据outset ['autset] n.开始,开端alarm [ə'lɑ:m] n.惊恐;警报(器) vt.惊动,惊吓;向…报警tent [tent] n.帐篷shove [ʃʌv] vt.乱推;乱塞vi.用力推,挤n.猛推discard [dis'kɑ:d, 'diskɑ:d] vt.丢弃,抛弃,遗弃without [wi'ðaut, -'θaut] prep.无,没有n.外面,外部postage ['pəustidʒ] n.邮费,邮资permeate ['pə:mieit] v.弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透tumble ['tʌmbl] v.(使)摔倒;打滚,翻腾n.摔跤,跌倒plausible ['plɔ:zəble] a.似是而非的,似乎合理的,似乎可信的reverse [ri'və:s] n.相反;背面a.相反的v.颠倒,倒转decay [di'kei] v./n.腐朽,腐烂;衰减,衰退depict [di'pikt] v.描绘;描写,描述recovery [ri'kʌvəri] n.痊愈,复元;重获,恢复regarding [ri'ɡɑ:diŋ, ri:-] prep.关于,有关discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] v.使泄气,使失去信心junior ['dʒu:njə] a./n.年少的/者,三年级的/学生,下级(的) amplify ['æmplifai] vt.放大,增强;详述,详加解说bottl e ['bɔtl] n.瓶(子) v.装瓶time [taim] n.时间,时刻;次,回;时代,时期;倍,乘memo ['meməu] n.(memorandum)备忘录friendly ['frendli] a.友好的,友谊的wage [weidʒ] n.(常pl.)工资,报酬vt.进行,开展vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl] a.易受攻击的opportunity [,ɔpə'tju:niti] n.机会electronic [,ilek'trɔnik] a.电子的addict [ə'dikt] v.使沉溺;使上瘾n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人overtake [,əuvə'teik] v.追上,超过,突然降临,压倒postpone [pəust'pəun, pə'sp-] v.推迟,延期ballet [bæ'lei] n.芭蕾舞,芭蕾舞剧;芭蕾舞团cycle ['saikl] n.自行车;周期,循环v.骑自行车;循环novel ['nɔvəl] n.(长篇)小说a.新奇的,新颖的diminish [di'miniʃ] v.缩小,减少,递减vein [vein] n.血管;静脉;叶脉;纹理;情绪vt.使成脉络sustain [sə'stein] vt.支撑,撑住;维持,持续,经受,忍耐bread [bred] n.面包chalk [tʃɔ:k] n.粉笔,白垩deer [diə] n.鹿potato [pə'teitəu] n.马铃薯,土豆nuclear ['nju:kliə, 'nu:-] a.核心的,中心的;原子核的,核能的millionaire [,miljə'nεə] n.百万富翁tunnel ['tʌnəl] n.隧道,山洞happen ['hæpən] v.(偶然)发生;碰巧,恰好vegetation [,vedʒi'teiʃən] n.植物,草木executive [iɡ'zekjutiv] n.总经理,董事,行政负责人a.执行的,实施的immune [i'mju:n] a.免疫的,有免疫力的;有受影响的;豁免的pick [pik] v.拾,采,摘;挑选,选择n.镐,鹤嘴锄superfluous [sju'pə:fluəs] a.多余的,过剩的,reciprocal [ri'siprəkəl] a.相互的,往复的,互利的evacuate [i'vækjueit] vt.撤离,疏散,排泄,剥夺less [les] a./ad.更少的(地),更小的(地)frontier ['frʌntjə] n.国境,边境;尖端,新领域act [ækt] v.表演;举动;起作用n.行为,法令;一幕patience ['peiʃəns] n.耐心,忍耐scientific [,saiən'tifik] a.科学上的typhoon [tai'fu:n] n.台风warn [wɔ:n] vt.警告vi.发出警告constitute ['kɔnstitju:t] vt.组成,构成,形成;设立,建立,任命affair [ə'fεə] n.[pl.]事务;事情(件);(个人的)事col d [kəuld] a.冷的,寒冷的;冷淡的n.冷,寒冷;伤风fame [feim] n.名声;名望;传说vt使出名;传扬…的名management ['mænidʒmənt] n.经营,管理;处理,操纵;管理部门add [æd] vt.加;增加(进);进一步说/写vi.(to)增添mislead [,mis'li:d] v.把…带错路,使误入岐途why [hwai] ad./conj.为什么;…的理由int.咳,哎呀ignorance ['iɡnərəns] n.无知,愚昧;不知道exam n.(examination)考试,测验spur [spə:] n.靴刺,马刺;刺激,刺激物v.刺激,激励territory ['teritəri] n.领土;版图;领域,范围isolate ['aisəleit, -lit] vt.隔离,孤立liner ['lainə] n.班机,定期轮船,邮船smooth [smu:ð] a.光滑的;顺利的;柔和的v.(over)掩饰representative [,repri'zentətiv] n.代表,代理人a.(of)典型的,有代表性的blaze [bleiz] n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰navigation [,nævi'ɡeiʃən] n.航海,航空;导航,领航sneeze [sni:z] vi.打喷嚏,发喷嚏声n.喷嚏mature [mə'tjuə] a.成熟的,熟的;成年人的v.(使)成熟quiver ['kwivə] v./n.颤抖,抖动scarcely ['skεəsli] ad.几乎不,简直没有,勉强extinct [ik'stiŋkt] a.灭绝的;熄灭了的coul d [强kud, 弱kəd] v.aux.(口语)(表示许可或请求)可以...,行destination [,desti'neiʃən] n.目的地,终点bring [briŋ] v.拿来,带来;产生,引起;使处于某种状态seize [si:z] v.抓住,逮住;夺取,占领;没收,查封agony ['æɡəni] n.(精神或肉体的)极大痛苦,创伤forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st] v./n.预测,预报overnight [,əuvə'nait, 'əuvənait] a.通宵的,晚上的ad.在昨夜,一夜工夫,突然body ['bɔdi] n.身体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆rub [rʌb] v.擦,摩擦practise ['præktis] v.练习,实习,实践,实行,使...练习,训练science ['saiəns] n.科学;学科shaft [ʃɑ:ft, ʃæft] n.轴;杆状物prospective [prəu'spektiv] a.预期的favor ['feivə] n.(favour)好感;喜爱;关切v.赞成,支持,偏爱sharp [ʃɑ:p] a.锋利的;轮廓分明的;急转的ad.(指时刻)正spelling ['speliŋ] n.拼法,拼写法mud [mʌd] n.泥,泥浆v.弄脏,使沾污泥early ['ə:li] a.早的,早期的,及早的ad.早,在初期tow [təu] vt.(用绳、链等)拖(车、船等) n.拖,牵引locomotive ['ləukə,məutiv] n.机车,火车头a.运动的,移动的,运载的instantaneous [,instən'teinjəs] a.瞬间的,即刻的glass [ɡlɑ:s, ɡlæs] n.玻璃;玻璃杯;镜子;(pl.)眼镜straw [strɔ:] n.稻草,麦杆;吸管trait [trei, treit] n.特征,特点,特性circumference [sə'kʌmfərəns] n.圆周,周围,胸围writing ['raitiŋ] n.写,写作;著作,作品psychol ogy [psai'kɔlədʒi] n.心理,心理学,心理状态slum [slʌm] n.贫民窟,贫民区,陋巷stall [stɔ:l] n.货摊;畜栏,厩v.(使)停转,(使)停止bad [bæd] a.坏的;低劣的;不舒服的;腐败的;严重的theirs [ðεəz] pron.[they的物主代词]他(她、它)们的darling ['dɑ:liŋ] n.心爱的人,亲爱的existence [iɡ'zistəns] n.存在,实在;生存,生活(方式)critical ['kritikəl] a.批评的,评论的;危急,紧要的;临界的recreation [,rekri'eiʃən, -kri:-] n.娱乐,消遣Thursday [ðʌs] n.星期四onion ['ʌnjən] n.洋葱renovate ['renəuveit] v.更新,修复proclaim [prəu'kleim] v.宣告,声明hell [hel] n.地狱,阴间;苦境,极大痛苦feminine ['feminin] a.女性的;娇柔的bake [beik] v.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干beam [bi:m] n.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑dignity ['diɡnəti] n.(举止,态度等的)庄严,端庄;尊贵,高贵lung [lʌŋ] n.肺verbal ['və:bəl] a.用言辞的,用文字的;口头的;动词的fragrant ['freiɡrənt] a.香的;芬芳的sanction ['sæŋ,kʃən] n./v.批准,同意,支持,认可n.处罚,制裁notable ['nəutəbl] n.值得注意的,显著的,著名的lie [lai] vi.躺,平放;处于;位于v.说谎n.谎话pile [pail] n.堆,大量,大数目v.(up)堆,叠,堆积recall [ri'kɔ:l, 'ri:kɔ:l] v.回忆,回想;撤消,收回investment [in'vestmənt] n.投资,投资额blood [blʌd] n.血液,血;血统,血亲;血气crush [krʌʃ] n./v.压碎,压坏v.压服,压垮overturn [,əuvə'tə:n, 'əuvətə:n] n.倾覆,破灭,革命v.打翻,推翻,颠倒,翻倒templ e ['templ] n.庙宇,神殿,寺;太阳穴cognitive ['kɔɡnitiv] a.认知的,认识能力的ounce [auns] n.盎司,英两mug [mʌɡ] n.(有柄的)大茶杯apologise v.(to,for)道歉,认错mood [mu:d] n.心情,情绪;语气definite ['d efinit] a.明确的;一定的;意志坚强的,立场坚定的lease [li:s] v t.出租,租用n.租借,租期,租赁物hungry ['hʌŋɡri] a.饥饿的,渴望的idiom ['idiəm] n.习语;成语方言;(艺术等的)风格,特色repeat [ri'pi:t] v.重复,重说,重做n.重复weekday ['wi:kdei] n.平常日,工作日furniture ['fə:nitʃə] n.家具community [kə'mju:niti] n.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体cabl e ['keibl] n.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报tired a.疲劳的;厌倦的fascinate ['fæsineit] v.迷住,强烈吸引sentiment ['sentimənt] n.感情,柔情;看法;感觉consider [kən'sidə] v.考虑,细想;体谅,顾及;认为,把…看作plant [plɑ:nt, plænt] n.植物,作物;工厂;装置v.栽种,播种,栽培mutter ['mʌtə] n.喃喃而语,小声低语;抱怨v.低声说,抱怨tackle ['tækl] n.滑车;用具,器械v.处理,解决;抱住,抓住board [bɔ:d] n.板,木板;全体委员;伙食v.上船(车,飞机)dine [dain] v.吃饭,进餐communism ['kɔmjunizəm] n.共产主义liver n.肝,肝脏motel [məu'tel] n.(附有停车场的)汽车旅馆merit ['merit] n.优点,价值,功绩v.值得,应得cage [keidʒ] n.笼,鸟笼;牢房,监狱valuabl e ['væljuəbl] a.贵重的,有价值的n.(pl.)贵重物品,财宝toilet ['tɔilit] n.厕所,盥洗室conflict [kən'flikt, 'kɔnflikt] n.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突wound [waund] n.创伤,伤口v.伤,伤害estimate ['estimeit] v./n.估计,估价;评估loss [lɔs, lɔ:s] n.丧失,遗失;损失,损耗,亏损;失败jacket ['dʒækit] n.短上衣,茄克衫repertoire ['repətwɑ:] n.节目,全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能reduction n.减小,减少,缩小worthwhile ['wə:θ'hwail] a.值得(做)的requirement [ri'kwaiəmənt] n.(for)需要,需要的东西,要求possess [pə'zes] v.占有,拥有overthrow [,əuvə'θrəu] v./n.推翻,颠覆retain [ri'tein] v.保持,保留various ['vεəriəs] a.各种各样的;不同的wrist [rist] n.腕,腕关节refute [ri'fju:t, ri:-] v.反驳,驳斥twin [twin] a.双的,成对的,孪生的n.孪生子,双生子bag [bæɡ] n.袋,提包v.把…装入袋中;猎杀;占有site [sait] n.位置,场所,地点autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi] n.自治,自治权;indeed [in'di:d] ad.确实,实在;真正地,多么headmaster ['hed'mɑ:stə] n.校长civilian [si'viljən] n.平民a.平民的;民用的steak [steik] n.牛排;大块肉(或鱼)片difficulty n.困难,困境,难题production [prəu'dʌkʃən] n.生产,产品,作品,(研究)成果,总产量propaganda [,prɔpə'ɡændə] n.宣传(机构);[天主教]传道总会pub [pʌb] n.(英国)小酒店;小旅馆sofa ['səufə] n.长沙发,沙发skilled [skil d] a.(in)熟练的,有技能的;需要技能的process ['prəuses, 'prɔ-] n.过程,进程;工序,制作法;工艺v.加工,处理confirm [kən'fə:m] v.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认proposal [prəu'pəuzəl] n.提议,建议;求婚chess [tʃes] n.棋,国际象棋collide [kə'laid] vi.[with]互撞,碰撞;冲突,抵触fl ourish ['flauriʃ] n./v.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺throat [θrəut] n.咽喉,嗓子commit [kə'mit] v.把…交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事) quantify ['kwɔntifai] v.确定数量wherever [hwεə'evə] conj.无论在哪里ad.无论在哪里,究竟在哪里eyesight ['aisait] n.视力persuade [pə'sweid] v.说服,劝说;(of)使相信theory ['θiəri, 'θi:ə-] n.理论,原理;学说,见解,看法exception [ik'sepʃən] n.例外,除外;反对;异议uproar ['ʌprɔ:] n.骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸mourn [mɔ:n, məun] v.哀悼,忧伤aisle [ail] n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道,通道roar [rɔ:] n./v.吼叫,怒号;轰鸣,咆哮coherent [kəu'hiərənt] a.一致的,协调的;(话语等)条理清楚的well [wel] ad.好,令人满意地;很int.哎呀,好啦,嗯pope [pəup] n.罗马教皇,主教,大腿上要害部位complement ['kɔmplimənt] n.补足物,船上的定员;补语vt.补充,补足lion ['laiən] n.狮子prohibit [prəu'hibit] v.禁止,不准;阻止concrete [kən'kri:t, 'kɔnkri:t] a.具体的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑grace [ɡreis] n.优美,文雅;恩惠,恩泽;宽限,缓刑;感恩祷告excitement n.刺激,激动,兴奋ascend [ə'send] vi.渐渐上升,升高vt.攀登,登上compete [kəm'pi:t] vi.比赛;竞争;对抗company ['kɔmpəni] n.公司;陪伴;宾客;连(队),(一)群,队,伙impart [im'pɑ:t] vt.传授,给予;告知,通知drum [drʌm] n.鼓;圆桶qualification [,kwɔlifi'keiʃən] n.资格,合格;限定,条件;合格证witch [witʃ] n.女巫, 巫婆,巫师gol den ['ɡəul dən] a.金黄色的;贵重的,极好的negligible ['neɡlidʒəbl] a.可忽略不计的,微不足道的blackmail ['blækmeil] n.讹诈,敲诈,勒索;胁迫,恫吓traitor ['treitə] n.叛徒,卖国贼command [kə'mɑ:nd] n./v.命令,指挥,控制n.掌握,运用能力creature ['kri:tʃə] n.人,动物;生物make [meik] n.(产品)来源,制法vt.制造,做成,准备thirsty ['θə:sti] a.口渴的;(for)渴望的,热望的symposium [sim'pəuziəm] n.讨论会,专题报告会;专题论文集foll owing ['fɔləuiŋ] a.下列的,下述的,其次的,接着的sovereign ['sɔvərin, 'sʌv-] a.独立的,有主权的n.君主,国王,统治者stain[stein] n.污点,瑕疵v.沾污;染色backward ['bækwəd] a.向后的,倒行的;迟钝的ad.向后,朝反方向view [vju:] n.视野;风景;观察;见解;照片vt.观察;认为focus ['fəukəs] n.焦点,(活动,兴趣等的)中心v.(on)使聚集civilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən, -li'z-] n.(=civilisation)文明,文化staircase ['stεəkeis] n.(stairway)楼梯aesthetic [i:s'θetik] a.(esthetic)美学的,艺术的;审美的aluminum [ə'lju:minəm] n.铝magnificent [mæɡ'nifisənt] a.华丽的,高尚的,宏伟的ice [ais] n.冰;冰冻甜食vt.冰冻,使成冰deck [dek] n.甲板pregnant ['preɡnənt] a.怀孕的,孕育的,充满的,意味深长的alternate ['ɔ:ltəneit] a.交替的,轮流的v.(使)交替,(使)轮流fume [fju:m] n.(浓烈或难闻的)烟,气,汽dip [dip] v./n.浸,蘸missing a.漏掉的,失去的,失踪的provided conj.倘若,只要,假如cry [krai] n.&v.叫,喊,哭;(鸟兽)叫,啼,鸣,嗥generation [,dʒenə'reiʃən] n.产生,发生;一代(人)shortage ['ʃɔ:tidʒ] n.不足,缺少mouse [maus, mauz] n.(pl.mice)鼠,耗子dazzl e ['dæzl] v.使惊奇,使倾斜;耀(眼) n.耀眼的光off [ɔ:f, ɔf] ad.离开;在远处;脱开prep.从,从...离开silent ['sailənt] a.寂静,沉默的spectacular [spek'tækjulə] a.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出disgrace [dis'ɡreis] n.失宠,耻辱v.使失宠;玷辱,使蒙羞furnish ['fə:niʃ] v.供应,提供;装备,布置overhear [,əuvə'hiə] v.偶然听到,从旁听到gasp [ɡɑ:sp, ɡæsp] n.喘息,气喘v.喘息;气吁吁地说civilize ['sivilaiz] v.(=civilise)使文明,开化carbohydrate [,kɑ:bəu'haidreit] n.碳水化合物; 糖类;(plural)淀粉质或糖类depth [depθ] n.深,深度,深奥,深刻elephant ['elifənt] n.(动物)象irony ['aiərəni] n.反话, 讽刺, 讽刺之事wed ding ['wediŋ] n.婚礼eastern ['i:stən] a.东方的,东部的tire ['taiə] v.(使)疲倦,(使)厌倦n.(=tyre)轮胎,车胎origin ['ɔridʒin, 'ɔ:-] n.起源,由来;出身,来历nourish ['nʌriʃ, 'nə:-] v.提供养分,养育,怀有(希望,仇恨等)draft [drɑ:ft, dræft] n.草稿,草案,草图v.起草,草拟demand [di'mɑ:nd, -'mænd] n./v.要求,请求,需要(量) v.查问linear ['liniə] a.线的,直线的,线状的;长度的;线性的electrical [i'lektrikəl] a.电的,电学的slogan ['sləuɡən] n.标语,口号sad dl e ['sædl] n.鞍,马鞍,鞍状物freight [freit] n.货物,货运,运费scorn [skɔ:n] v./n.轻蔑,藐视nursery ['nə:səri] n.托儿所await [ə'weit] vt.等候,期待;(事情等)降临于exchange [iks'tʃeindʒ] v./n.(for)交换,兑换;交流,交易;交换台belt [belt] n.(皮)带,腰带;地带doorway ['dɔ:wei] n.门口elementary [,eli'mentəri] a.初步的;基本的;[化]元素的;自然力的evidence ['evidəns] n.明显;显著;根据;证据;迹象paralyze ['pærəlaiz] v.(paralyse)使瘫痪(麻痹);使丧失作用tropical ['trɔpikəl] a.热带的harden ['hɑ:dən] v.(使)变硬district ['distrikt]n.地区,行政区;美国各州的众议院选区dealer ['di:lə] n.商人encycl opedia [en,saikləu'pi:djə] n.(encycl opaedia)百科全书erosion [i'rəuʒən] n.腐蚀,磨损;削弱,减少privacy ['praivəsi, 'pri- 'prai-] n.(不受干扰的)独处,自由,隐私;私生活skull [skʌl] n.头盖骨,颅骨material [mə'tiəriəl] n.材料,原料,资料a.物质的,肉体的,实质性的prove [pru:v] v.证明,证实;检验;考验;鉴定;结果是,表明是driver [draivə] n.驾驶员horizontal ['hɔri'zɔntəl] a.地平线的;水平的foll ow ['fɔləu] v.跟随,接着;领会;沿着…前进,遵循;结果是burst [bə:st] v.爆裂,炸破;突然发生n.突然破裂,爆发arm [ɑ:m] n.手臂,扶手,臂状物v.武装;配备n.武器od or ['əudə] n.(odour)气味,香味,臭味,名声sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] n.雕刻(术),雕塑(术);雕刻作品classify ['klæsifai] v.分类,分等(级)menace ['menəs] vt./n.有危险性的人(或物);威胁,威吓fertilizer ['fə:tilaizə] n.(fertiliser)肥料sheet [ʃi:t] n.被单;(一)张,(一)片,薄片;大片neither ['naiðə, 'ni:-] a.两者都不pron.两者都不ad.也不produce [prəu'dju:s, 'prɔdju:s] v.生产,制造,显示,演出,导致n.产品black [blæk] a.黑(色)的;黑暗的n.黑(色);黑暗;黑人heal [hi:l] v.治愈,愈合lightning ['laitniŋ] n.闪电a.闪电般的,快速的create [kri'eit] v.创造,创作;引起,造成,建立across [ə'krɔs, ə'krɔ:s] prep.横过,越过;在的对面ad.横过,穿过troublesome ['trʌblsəm] a.令人烦恼的,讨厌的from [强frɔm, 弱frəm] prep.从,自从;由于;离;根据,按;去除painting ['peintiŋ] n.上油漆,着色;绘画;油画;画法row [rəu] n.(一)排,(一)行;吵嚷v.划(船等),荡桨deficiency [di'fiʃənsi] n.缺乏,不足;缺点,缺陷lane [lein] n.小路,小巷,行车道house [haus, hauz] n.房屋;商业机构;[H-]议院v.给...房子住FALSE [fɔ:ls] a.谬误的,虚伪的,伪造的,假的pit [pit] n.坑,陷阱;煤矿,矿井threat [θret] n.恐吓,威胁;坏兆头,危险迹象remarkable [ri'mɑ:kəbl] a.值得注意的;显著的,异常的,非凡的indoor ['indɔ:] a.室内的,户内的dozen ['dʌzən] n.一打,十二个tanker ['tæŋkə] n.油船absolute ['æbsəlju:t] a.绝对的,完全的;确实的,肯定的public ['pʌblik] a.公共的,公用的;公开的,公然的n.公众,民众rectangle ['rek,tæŋɡl] n.[数]矩形, 长方形harassment ['hærəsmənt] n.骚扰,扰乱;烦恼,烦乱translate v.翻译,解释;转化,general ['dʒenərəl] a.一般的,普通的;总的,大体的n.将军mobile ['məubail] a.可动的,活动的,运动的crazy ['kreizi] a.疯狂的,古怪的,蠢的;(about)狂热的jar [dʒɑ:] n.罐坛,广口瓶diffuse [di'fju:s] v.扩散;传播a.(文章等)冗长的,漫无边际的reference ['refərəns] n.提及,涉及;参考,参考书目;证明书(人)segment ['seɡmənt, seɡ'ment] n.段,片,节,部分idiot ['idiət] n.白痴;极蠢的人;笨蛋vest [vest] n.背心,马甲;汗衫,内衣responsible [ri'spɔnsəbl] a.(for,to)应负责的;可靠的;责任重大的noise [nɔiz] n.喧闹声,噪声,吵嚷声training ['treiniŋ] n.训练,培养dictation [dik'teiʃən] n.听写,口述;命令outlet ['autlet, -lit] n.出路,出口;销路,市场;发泄方法;电源插座delete [di'li:t] vt.删除deviate ['di:vieit, 'di:viət] v.(from)背离,偏离sake [seik] n.缘故,理由edible ['edibl] a.可食用的skill [skil] n.技能,技巧,手艺;熟练swim [swim] vi.游泳;游;漂浮;眩晕;充溢vt.游过n.游泳yell [jel] vi.大叫;呼喊vt.叫着说n.叫声;喊声status ['steitəs, 'stæ-] n.地位,身份;情形,状况school [sku:l] n.学校,(大学里的)学院;上学,学业;学派assist [ə'sist] vt.协助,帮助,促进vi.帮忙,参加drought [draut] n.旱灾,干旱prepare [pri'pεə] v.准备,预备available [ə'veiləbl] a.(用于物)可利用的;可见到的,接受采访的magic ['mædʒik] n.魔术,魔(魅)力,巫术a.有魔力的,魔术的feeling ['fi:liŋ] n.感情;心情;知觉;同情split [split] v.裂开,劈开;分裂,分离n.分化,分裂,裂口promise ['prɔmis] v.允许,答应;有…可能n.承诺;希望,出息pipe [paip] n.管子,导管;烟斗;笛enhance [in'hɑ:ns, -hæns] v.提高,增强lake [leik] n.湖泊,湖水ultimate ['ʌltimət] a.最后的,最终的;根本的technician [tek'niʃən] n.技术员,技师,技工compact [kəm'pækt] a.紧密的,结实的;简明的v.使紧凑,压缩photo ['fəutəu] n.(photograph)照片speech [spi:tʃ] n.演说,讲话;言语,语言seam [si:m] n.缝,接缝;缝合,接合;vi.裂开,产生裂缝replacement [ri'pleismənt] n.取代,替换,替换物,代替物thesis ['θi:sis] n.(pl.theses) 论文;论题;论点our ['auə, ɑ:] pron.[we的所有格]我们的previous ['pri:vjəs] a.先前的,以前的simplify ['simplifai] v.简化,使单纯ear [iə] n.耳,耳朵;听力,听觉;穗though [ðəu] ad.可是,然而,不过conj.尽管,虽然cab [kæb] n.出租车,出租马车;驾驶室vi.乘出租马车depress [di'pres] v.压抑,降低;使沮丧,压下repair [ri'pεə] n.修理,修补v.补救,纠正;修理shed [ʃed] v.流出;发散,散发,脱落,脱去n.棚,小屋politics ['pɔlitiks] n.政治,政治学;政纲,政见municipal [mju:'nisipəl] a.市(立,政)的;地方性的,地方自治的vapour ['veipə] n.(vapor)汽,(水)蒸气rigorous ['riɡərəs] a.严格的,严厉的,严酷的,严密的,严谨的establishment [i'stæbliʃmənt] n.建立,设立,建立的机构(或组织) veto ['vi:təu] n./v.否决however [hau'evə] a d.然而,可是,不过,无论如何conj.无论considerabl e [kən'sidərəbl] a.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的col or ['kʌlə] n.(=colour)颜色;颜料;肤色v.给…着色entry ['entri] n.进入,入口;通道;记载,条目these [ði:z] pron.&a.[this的复数]这些;这些人(东西) fortnight ['fɔ:tnait] n.两星期ham [hæm] n.火腿awake [ə'weik] a.醒着的vt.唤醒,使觉醒vi.醒来,醒悟到projector [prəu'dʒektə] n.放映机,幻灯机,投影仪association [ə,səusi'eiʃən] n.联盟,协会,社团;交往,联合;联想thank [θæŋk] vt.感谢int.[-s]谢谢n.[pl.]感谢(意)excessive [ik'sesiv] a.过多的;过分的;额外aspire [ə'spaiə] vi.(to,after)渴望,追求,有志于absent ['æbsənt, æb'sent] a.缺席的;缺乏的,不存在的;心不在焉的fit ['fit] a.(病的)发作,痉挛v./a.n.合适,试穿,安装pea [pi:] n.豌豆cassette [kæ'set] n.盒子;盒式磁带spell [spel] v.拼写sticky ['stiki] a.粘的,粘性的;棘手的;(道路)泥泞的normal ['nɔ:məl] a.正常的,普通的;正规的,标准的asleep a.睡觉,睡着(用作表语)lunar ['lju:nə] a.月亮的period ['piəriəd] n.时期,时代;学时;周期,一段时间;句点plan [plæn] n.计划,规划;平面图,设计图v.计划page [peidʒ] n.页,记录,事件,专栏vt.给...标页码lantern ['læntən] n.灯,灯笼big [biɡ] a.大的;重要的;宽宏大量的;大受欢迎的wet [wet] a.湿的,潮湿的;有雨的,多雨的v.弄湿,沾湿pay [pei] v.付款,付出代价,给予注意n.工资,薪金hatred ['heitrid] n.憎恨,憎恶,怨恨party ['pɑ:ti] n.聚会,政党,当事人v.举行(参加)社交聚会badminton ['bædmintən] n.羽毛球monopoly [mə'nɔpəli] n.垄断,专卖,专利权,专利事业telescope ['teliskəup] n.望远镜v.缩短,压缩cottage ['kɔtidʒ] n.村舍,小屋,别墅decad e ['d ekeid] n.十年expose [ik'spəuz] v.(to)使暴露,受到;使曝光become vi.变成,开始变得vt.适合,同…相称cattl e ['kætl] n.牛;牲口,家畜inhabit [in'hæbit] vt.居住于,存在于;栖息于abundance n.丰富,充裕,大量frog [frɔɡ] n.蛙deficit ['d efisit] n.赤字,逆差;亏损,亏空;不足,缺乏suspicious [sə'spiʃəs] a.(of)可疑的,多疑的,疑心的bark [bɑ:k] vi.(狗等)吠,叫n.吠声,叫声;树皮attach [ə'tætʃ] v.系,贴,装,连接;使成为一部分;使依恋premier ['premjə, pri'miə] n.首相,总理temperament n.气质,性格,性情;资质gasoline ['ɡæsəli:n] n.(gasolene)汽油。

英语的连读、变音、失音、浊化、弱读、节奏

英语的连读、变音、失音、浊化、弱读、节奏

我们都有过这样沮丧的经验,很容易听懂中国人说的英语,但是同样的对话一到英美人的嘴里,便觉得很难跟上,有时甚至是不知所云。

这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词之间很清晰,词与词之间有明显的pause, 但是英美人的口语会有很多音变,这些音变使得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生,难懂,给我们的听力造成了很大的困难,因此了解并使用各音变规则会帮助我们提高听力,使我们的发音更加地道。

音变主要有连读、失音、弱化、浊化、同化、重音、缩读等形式。

这些形式的产生可以归结为一个原则,即“Economy” —“经济”原则或称为“省力”原则。

我的语言学老师说,他曾一度为选择的研究方向为语言学而懊悔,因为那时他认为语言学既枯燥又不实用,但这一省力原则却化解了他所有的苦恼,并让他为语言学着迷。

因为“省力”这两个简单的字眼可以解释几乎所有的音变现象,人是很懒的,对于最经常的行为——说话,当然要想许多省事的法子,于是也就产生了多种为省力而衍变的音变现象。

牢记省力原则,在我们读英语的时候,让自己的唇舌处于放松的状态,轻松的去读英语,我想发音的感觉一定会有所不同。

言归正题, 以下列出给听力造成很大障碍的五种音变现象及其读音规则,以及最后一项关于节奏的小文章,希望能有所帮助!一、连读连读有两种规则,分别为:1、以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词:要连读如:I‟d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice.这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾,another 以元音开头,所以连读注意:以辅音结尾指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音,而不是单词的结尾,这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。

2、以辅音结尾的单词+ h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音what wil(l he) [wili]do?Ha(s he) done it before?Mus(t he) [ti] go?Can he do it?Should he….?Tell him to ask her….Lea(ve him) [vim].For him (连读这个词,会发现和forum 很相似)我第一次知道这一连读规则时,兴奋不已,很容易的听懂了许多以前觉得很难以理解的句子,并且按照这种连读方式发音省力、轻松了许多。

怎么划分节奏英语作文

怎么划分节奏英语作文

怎么划分节奏英语作文英文回答:When writing a rhythm English essay, there are several key elements to consider in order to ensure a well-crafted and engaging piece of writing. One of the most important aspects is the organization and flow of your essay. This can be achieved through the use of proper paragraphing, transitions, and signposting language.Paragraphing involves dividing your essay into logical sections, each of which should focus on a specific topic or idea. Transitions are words or phrases that connect paragraphs and help the reader follow the flow of your argument. Signposting language, such as "Firstly," "Secondly," and "In conclusion," can also be used to guide the reader through your essay and make it easier to understand.In addition to paragraphing and transitions, the use ofrhythm and pacing can also greatly enhance the effectiveness of your essay. Rhythm refers to the use of stressed and unstressed syllables to create a sense of movement and flow in your writing. Pacing refers to the speed at which you progress through your essay and can be controlled by varying the length and complexity of your sentences.By carefully considering the organization, flow, and rhythm of your essay, you can create a piece of writing that is both informative and enjoyable to read.中文回答:在撰写韵律英语作文时,有几个关键要素需要考虑,以确保写出一篇构思精巧且引人入胜的文章。

以自己的节奏为题的英语作文

以自己的节奏为题的英语作文

以自己的节奏为题的英语作文英文回答:In the ever-accelerating whirlwind of modern life, the concept of "at one's own pace" has become both an elusive ideal and an essential ingredient for navigating its complexities. Amidst the relentless demands and constant distractions, it is crucial to cultivate the ability to set boundaries and establish a rhythm that is in harmony with our individual needs and aspirations.Societies and cultures often impose upon us a set of expectations and timelines that may not always align with our own. We are urged to pursue traditional paths, meet certain milestones by a certain age, and conform tosocietal norms. However, true fulfillment and lasting happiness lie not in adhering to these external pressures but rather in embracing our own unique journey and setting a pace that allows us to thrive.Every individual possesses a unique set of strengths, passions, and challenges. Our pace is not determined by others but rather by our own capabilities, values, and aspirations. To discover our true pace, we must embark on a journey of self-discovery, identifying our priorities and understanding our limitations. This process requires honesty, introspection, and a willingness to challenge societal norms.Establishing a pace that is in tune with our own rhythm is not about slowing down or isolating ourselves from the world. Rather, it is about choosing to engage with the world on our own terms. It is about prioritizing meaningful connections and experiences over superficial interactions and constant busyness. It is about setting boundaries and saying no to commitments that drain our energy and distract us from our true purpose.When we move at our own pace, we create space for reflection, creativity, and deep connections. We allow ourselves time to process experiences, learn from our mistakes, and appreciate the present moment. By embracing apace that is true to ourselves, we can cultivate a life that is both fulfilling and sustainable in the long run.中文回答:以自己的节奏。

快节奏生活英语作文

快节奏生活英语作文

快节奏生活英语作文Fast-paced Life。

In today’s fast-paced world, people are always on the go. They rush from one activity to another, trying to fit as much as possible into their busy schedules. This fast-paced lifestyle can be both exciting and exhausting.One of the benefits of a fast-paced life is that it allows people to accomplish more in less time. With the help of technology, people can communicate, work, and shop from anywhere at any time. This means that they can be more productive and efficient, which can lead to greater success in their personal and professional lives.However, the downside of a fast-paced life is that it can be stressful and overwhelming. People often feel like they are constantly running on a treadmill, never able to slow down and take a break. This can lead to burnout and other health problems such as anxiety and depression.To cope with the demands of a fast-paced life, it is important to find ways to manage stress and take care of oneself. This can include things like exercise, meditation, and spending time with loved ones. It is also important to prioritize tasks and focus on the most important ones, rather than trying to do everything at once.In conclusion, while a fast-paced life can be exciting and rewarding, it can also be challenging and stressful. By finding ways to manage stress and prioritize tasks, people can live a fulfilling and successful life without sacrificing their health and well-being.。

快节奏生活英语作文

快节奏生活英语作文

快节奏生活英语作文In the fast-paced life of the 21st century, people are constantly on the move, juggling work, family, social commitments, and personal aspirations. The demands of modern life can be overwhelming, leaving many feeling stressed, exhausted, and disconnected. However, there are ways to navigate this fast-paced lifestyle and find balance and fulfillment.One of the keys to thriving in a fast-paced life is to prioritize self-care. It's important to carve out time for rest, relaxation, and rejuvenation. This could mean scheduling regular exercise, getting enough sleep, practicing mindfulness or meditation, or simply taking a break from the hustle and bustle of daily life. By taking care of our physical, emotional, and mental well-being, we can better cope with the demands of our busy lives and approach them with a clear and focused mind.Another essential aspect of navigating a fast-pacedlife is to cultivate meaningful connections with others. In the age of technology and social media, it's easy to get caught up in a whirlwind of superficial interactions and distractions. However, true fulfillment comes from building and nurturing genuine relationships with friends, family, and colleagues. Taking the time to connect with others on a deeper level can provide a sense of belonging, support, and perspective that is invaluable in the face of life's challenges.In addition to self-care and meaningful connections,it's important to set realistic goals and manage time effectively. In a fast-paced world, it's easy to feel pressured to do more, achieve more, and be more. However,it's crucial to recognize our limitations and prioritize what truly matters to us. This may involve saying no to certain commitments, delegating tasks, or seeking support when needed. By focusing on our most important goals and managing our time wisely, we can avoid feeling overwhelmed and make the most of our precious resources.Furthermore, finding moments of stillness andreflection in the midst of a fast-paced life can provide a sense of grounding and clarity. Whether it's through journaling, spending time in nature, or engaging in a creative pursuit, taking time to pause and reflect can help us gain perspective, process our experiences, and tap into our inner wisdom. These moments of stillness can be a source of inspiration, insight, and renewal that can sustain us in the midst of life's whirlwind.Ultimately, navigating a fast-paced life is about finding a sense of balance, purpose, and well-being amidst the chaos. By prioritizing self-care, cultivating meaningful connections, setting realistic goals, managing time effectively, and finding moments of stillness and reflection, we can thrive in the midst of life's demands and live with greater joy, fulfillment, and resilience.It's not about slowing down the pace of life, but rather about finding our own rhythm within it. By doing so, we can embrace the opportunities and challenges that come our way and live with greater presence, purpose, and peace.。

生活节奏 英语

生活节奏 英语

生活节奏英语Title: Living in the Rhythm of Life。

Living in the modern world, we often find ourselves caught up in the fast-paced rhythm of life. From the moment we wake up in the morning to the time we go to bed at night, we are constantly on the move, juggling work, family, and personal commitments. With so much to do and so little time, it's easy to feel overwhelmed and stressed.However, it's important to remember that life is not a race. Instead of trying to keep up with the frantic pace of the world around us, it's crucial to find a rhythm that works for us. This means taking the time to slow down, breathe, and appreciate the present moment. Whether it's through meditation, exercise, or simply spending time with loved ones, finding moments of peace and tranquility can help us regain our balance and perspective.Living in the rhythm of life also means finding a balance between work and leisure. While it's important to be productive and efficient in our professional lives, it's equally important to take time for ourselves and enjoy the simple pleasures of life. Whether it's taking a walk in nature, reading a good book, or pursuing a hobby, finding time for activities that bring us joy and fulfillment can help us recharge and rejuvenate.In addition, living in the rhythm of life involves being mindful of our physical and mental well-being. This means prioritizing healthy habits such as eating nutritious foods, getting enough sleep, and managing stress. By taking care of our bodies and minds, we can ensure that we have the energy and resilience to face life's challenges.Ultimately, living in the rhythm of life is about finding harmony and balance in all aspects of our lives. It's about being present, taking care of ourselves, and finding joy in the everyday moments. By doing so, we can navigate the complexities of modern life with grace and resilience, and create a life that is truly fulfilling and meaningful.。

节奏英语翻译

节奏英语翻译

节奏英语翻译Rhythmic English TranslationRhythmic English is a unique style of speaking English that emphasizes not only the correct pronunciation and intonation but also the rhythm, flow, and musicality of the language. It is a method that combines language learning with musical elements, making it easier for learners to remember and use.In rhythmic English, the focus is on the natural rhythm of spoken English. Just like in music, each word and phrase has its own beat and timing. By understanding and imitating this rhythm, learners can improve their overall English speaking skills.One way to practice rhythmic English is through the repetition of specific phrases or sentences. By repeating them multiple times, learners can internalize the rhythm and flow of the language. It is important to pay attention to the stress and intonation of each word in order to accurately reproduce the rhythm.Another technique used in rhythmic English is the use of music. By listening to English songs and rhythmically speaking along with the lyrics, learners can improve their pronunciation and intonation. The melodies and rhythms of songs help learners remember the correct word stresses and patterns. Furthermore, rhythmic English incorporates the use of body movement. By combining physical gestures with spoken English, learners can enhance their understanding of the rhythm and flow of the language. This can involve tapping or clapping along to thebeat, swaying or moving to the rhythm, or using specific hand motions to emphasize certain words or phrases.The benefits of learning rhythmic English are numerous. Firstly, it helps learners to improve their pronunciation and intonation, making them more easily understood by native English speakers. Secondly, it enhances overall speaking fluency and rhythm, creating a more natural and confident language usage. Thirdly, it aids in the memorization and retention of new vocabulary and sentence patterns.Rhythmic English can be a fun and engaging method of language learning. It allows learners to enjoy the musical aspects of English while improving their language skills. Whether through repetition, music, or body movement, the key is to internalize the rhythm and flow of the language.In conclusion, rhythmic English is a unique approach to language learning that focuses on the rhythm, flow, and musicality of the English language. By paying attention to the natural beat and timing of spoken English, learners can improve their pronunciation, intonation, and overall language fluency. With the incorporation of music and body movement, rhythmic English becomes an enjoyable and effective method for language learners. So, let's start speaking English rhythmically and make language learning more fun!。

节奏太快的作文英语

节奏太快的作文英语

节奏太快的作文英语Title: The Accelerating Pace of Modern Life。

In today's fast-paced world, the pace of life seems to be accelerating at an unprecedented rate. This phenomenon affects various aspects of our lives, from work and education to social interactions and leisure activities. In this essay, we will delve into the reasons behind this rapid pace, its implications, and possible strategies to cope with it.First and foremost, technological advancements play a significant role in accelerating the rhythm of modern life. With the advent of smartphones, high-speed internet, and instant communication platforms, information is readily available at our fingertips. This constant influx of information creates a sense of urgency, pushing individuals to respond and act quickly to keep up with the rapidly changing landscape.Moreover, globalization has intensified competition in both the professional and personal spheres. In today's interconnected world, individuals are no longer competing solely with their local counterparts but with talents from around the globe. This heightened competition necessitates greater efficiency and productivity, further fueling the fast-paced nature of modern life.Furthermore, societal norms and expectations contribute to the acceleration of pace. The glorification of busyness and the pressure to constantly achieve and excel create a culture where idleness is frowned upon. As a result, individuals feel compelled to fill every moment of their day with activities, leading to a perpetual cycle of busyness and exhaustion.The implications of this accelerated pace are manifold. One significant consequence is the erosion of work-life balance. As individuals strive to meet the demands of their professional and personal lives, leisure time often takes a backseat, leading to stress, burnout, and decreased overall well-being. Additionally, the frenetic pace of modern lifecan hinder meaningful connections and relationships, as genuine interactions are sacrificed in favor of quick, superficial exchanges.Furthermore, the relentless pursuit of speed and efficiency can compromise quality and attention to detail. In our haste to complete tasks and meet deadlines, errors are more likely to occur, leading to subpar outcomes and potential long-term consequences.However, amidst the hustle and bustle of modern life, there are strategies that individuals can employ to cope with the accelerated pace. Firstly, prioritization and time management are crucial skills to master. By identifying priorities and allocating time accordingly, individuals can ensure that essential tasks are completed efficiently, leaving room for relaxation and rejuvenation.Additionally, setting boundaries and learning to say no are essential in maintaining a healthy work-life balance.It's important to recognize one's limits and avoid overcommitting to tasks and responsibilities that maycontribute to stress and burnout.Moreover, practicing mindfulness and being present in the moment can help counteract the effects of a fast-paced lifestyle. Taking the time to engage in activities that promote relaxation and self-care, such as meditation, exercise, or hobbies, can provide much-needed respite from the chaos of everyday life.In conclusion, the accelerated pace of modern life is a multifaceted phenomenon driven by technological advancements, globalization, and societal expectations. While it presents challenges such as increased stress and decreased quality of life, individuals can mitigate its negative effects by prioritizing self-care, setting boundaries, and cultivating mindfulness. By adopting these strategies, individuals can navigate the fast-paced world with greater resilience and well-being.。

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节奏用英语怎么说
节奏不仅限于声音层面,景物的运动和情感的运动也会形成节奏。

那么,你知道节奏的英语单词怎么说吗?现在跟一起学习关于节奏的英语知识吧。

(n) musical rhythm
(n) cadence; tempo
rhythm
cadence
swing
节奏的英文例句我喜欢节奏快的音乐。

I like fast music.
心律失常不规则的心跳强度或节奏
An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat.
过度的睡眠会使你的自然节奏被打乱并导致昏昏沉沉。

Oversleeping disrupts your natural rhythm and leads to grogginess.
在自家前厅待着与在一间办公室待着,这是两种不同的生活节奏。

The pace of life is different in my front room than it is in an office.
广播节目本身需要节奏和风格。

The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style.
这种有节奏的叫喊在感情冲动压倒一切的时候是常常会听到的。

It was a refrain that was often heard in moments of overwhelming emotion.
那些年轻人喜欢她唱的那些节奏强劲的歌。

The young kids like the songs swung by her.
你的心跳非常有节奏&hellip;
Your heart beats with a steady rhythm.
优秀的游泳者能够协调游泳动作和呼吸节奏。

Good swimmers coordinate their breathing with their strikers.
他们为跳舞者敲出节奏。

They drummed a rhythm for dancers.
她在小提琴上奏出明快的节奏。

She rippled a lively rhythm on the violin.
当今,随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。

Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.
乐队正在为跳舞者敲出节奏。

The band are drumming a rhythm for dancers.
节奏的英语句子带翻译当你一次又一次的拨出电话你将会进入
一种节奏,每次打完你将会感觉更轻松同时更快的去完成剩余的工作.
As you do one call after one another you will get into the rhythm of it and everycall will feel easier and be completed faster.
在那次意外的聚会中,在这个浩瀚的行星上,我前所未有地感觉到了与生命的节奏是如此地协调。

During that unexpected rendezvous, I felt more in tune with the rhythms of life onthis vast planet than I ever have.
这样在看电影的时候你就处在一个非常超前的地位,这份自信来自你对影片内部节奏的了解。

And so you go very far on a journey with that film because the inner rhythms of the film give you that confidence.
问:举一个这些致命的非正常心跳节奏的一个例子?
Q: What is an example of one of these deadly heart rhythms?
相关的一点是关于个人成长的节奏,我们为自己确定,考虑到我们自己和我们的婚姻服务。

A related point concerns the personal growth rhythm we set for ourselves, to takecare of ourselves and our marriages.
所以,我们就是音乐,我们自然地按照自己的节奏与循环创造出音乐。

So, we are music, we create music very naturally out of our own rhythms andcycles.
为了让你的横膈膜和你的脚步的节奏相配,你可以试着在你每次左脚落地的时候进行吸气和呼气。

To get the diaphragm to contract in rhythm with your steps, try to inhale andexhale as you land on your left foot.
在其他的统计数据上也能看出这两场战争中的节奏变化。

The changing tempos of the two wars can be seen in other statistics, as well.
这种方法让团队找到自己的节奏,然后用其现实世界中的经验对未来的迭代进行预测。

This approach allows the team to find its rhythm and then use its experience in the real world to predict future iterations.
每个学生有一个不同的混合的智力类型,其中是不同的学习和节奏型。

Every student has a different blend of intelligence and within that a differentlearning style and pace.
稳定可控的呼吸,让心跳与身体其他器官的节奏协调起来。

Steady, controlled, in harmony with your heartbeat and the rhythms of your otherorgans.
音乐的节奏让每个人听了都不禁想随之起舞。

The rhythm of the music made everyone want to dance.
这本书里另一个关于孩子鉴定的重要影响是一天中家庭成员共同经历的正常节奏。

Another important influence on children identified in this book concerns thenormal rhythms of the day that families together experience.
我今天听音乐的时候,她跟着节奏挥舞着自己的小手。

When I listened the music today, she waved her hands with the rhythm.
他当时完全被音乐迷住了,随着音乐的节奏晃动着肩膀,可同时又没忘了问我中东文化对弗拉门戈的影响。

He was enthralled by the music, swaying his shoulders to the rhythm, while at the same time asking me about the Middle Eastern influences on flamenco.
那天沉浸在蜜蜂、花儿、海洋和陆地的沉寂之中,但是并不单调,骚动,起伏,翻转,上升,下降,每一种都在自己的时间里以无与伦比的节奏发生着。

It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silence at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.。

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