英语语法动词不定式 ppt

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第20~21讲
非限定动词——不定式
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1
非限定动词?
• 非限定动词又叫非谓语动词,包括不定式、分 词和动名词。
• 非限定动词和限定动词的区别
不同点:前者不能单独作谓语;不受主语人称 和数量的限制;而限定动词的形式要和主语
人和数一致。如;She likes to dance.
They like to dance.
• It is very kind of you to say this.
• It is very rude of you to do this.
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18
翻译:
• 你这样子对待女孩子是很粗鲁的。
• It is very rude of you to do this to the girls.
• It is very rude of you to treat girls like this.
可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用。如:
To see is to believe.
The man sitting by her is my teacher.
Seeing the teacher entering the room, I stood
up.
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• 相似点: 1. 都可以带宾语。如; • He bought a computer. • He wanted to buy a computer. 2. 都可以由状语修饰。如; • He studies very hard in the college. • Studying hard, you will pass the exam.
• She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
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不定式的基本用法:
• 作主语 • 作宾语 • 做补语 • 做表语 • 做定语 • 做状语
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不定式的语法功能
(1) 作主语
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
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不定式
• 不定式的概述 • 不定式的基本用法 • 不定式的特殊句型
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5
不定式
不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由“to+动 词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词 和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语 、状语、表语和定语等成分,但不能单独 作谓语。
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• 2不定式的时态和语态
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不定式的时态
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• It 做形式主语,不定式作逻辑主语时一般有 介词for, of等引导;
• It is easy for me to do that.
• It is very hard for him to study two languages.
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17
• 当用it is +adj+ of sb. To do sth 一般表示人 物的品行和行为特征,it’s 后面多用表示主 观情感和态度的形容词;
• 现在时:不定式的一般现在时表示的动作 ,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词之后;
• He seems to know this. • I hope to see you again.
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• 进行时:表示正在发生的动作,与谓语动 词表示的动作同时发生;
• He seems to be eating something.
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辨析:
• It is +adj of sb. To do sth • It is +adj for sb. To do sth
• It is nice___ you. • It is hard___ you.
• 用介词后面的代词作主语,介词之前的形容词 作表语,如果能组成句子就用of,否则就用for.
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• 完成时:表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 • I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. • He seems to have caught a cold.
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• 完成进行时:表示句子的主要谓语动词所 表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正 在进行,不定式的动作从过去某个时段发 生一直持续到现在;
一般情况下,不定式(短语) 作主语时, 通 常用形式主语“it” 代替
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
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15
注意
*1、动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如
To get there by car takes a whole day.
To make a plan for our future is important.
(2) 不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承 受者,不定式用被动语态
He asked to be sent to work in countryside.
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不定式的否定形式
• 动词不定时的否定形式是在不定式符号前 加not
• The teacher warned the students not to cheat in the examinations.
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(2) 作宾语 Would you like to watch TV?百度文库
不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:want, hope,
wish, ask, choose, decide, manage, offer,
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3
3. 都有语态和时态的变化。如: He has finished his homework.(完成式)
Having finished his homework, he went out. The overpass will be built there.(被动)
The hospital being built will be completed next month.
• She is known to have been working in our company for more than twenty years.
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不定式的语态
(1)不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关 系时,不定式用主动语态。
你有开门的钥匙吗? key unlock the door Have you got a key to unlock the door?
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