2020-2021高考英语一模试题分类汇编——阅读理解综合附详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Most adults find it hard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have found exactly when these childhood memories fade(消失).A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under the age of three, according to the new findings.The scientists behind the research say this is because at around this age the way we form memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster rate of forgetting than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later.The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as family outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between 63 -72 percent. However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.（1）What does the new study tell us?A.Childhood memories decline with years.B.Three-year-old kids are the cleverest.C.Childhood memories can fade easily.D.Some adults cannot recall past events.（2）What does the underlined word "persist" in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Change.B.Remain.C.Appear.D.Return.（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.Adults cannot have clear memories of past events.B.Children can think like adults when they get older.C.Children under 7 years old have different ways of forming memories.D.Children often forget things because they have no idea of time or place.（4）In the second session, nine-year-old children _________.A.refused to discuss the same eventsB.remembered all their family outingsC.could recall 72 percent of their past eventsD.only remembered a small part of their past events【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。

大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。

在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。

在5到7岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。

然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段“A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”一项新的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。

可知新研究告诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退，可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，故划线单词persist的意思是：存在，保留。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories.”他们说在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。

可知孩子们经常忘记事情，因为他们没有时间感位置感，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“ However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.”然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

可知在第二阶段，九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事情。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask "Why?" before grabbing the apple pie.So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to "Think about five things for which you're grateful every day for a week!" my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our school's Psychological ServicesClinic. "What's with the gratitude thing?" I asked. You don't ask an academic question－even a simple one unless you're prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. That's when I first heard the term "positive psychology". The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. "Kind of like training the brain to focus on joy," my friend Heidi explained. "It's only a week," she urged. "Try it." I did. And guess what? It worked. Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldn't get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I could speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.And all it took was a little gratitude.（1）What's the author's attitude toward the student with desserts?A. Cautious.B. Respectful.C. Indifferent.D. Supportive.（2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions?A. Because she thought it wasn't worth the effort.B. Because she didn't like expressing thanks often.C. Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first.D. Because she could do five things every day easily.（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do?A. Be grateful to her wonderful husband.B. Be thankful for things but not people.C. Be a great cook and put her family first.D. Be specific about what she's thankful for.（4）What's the best title for the text?A. Don't Be Bothered by Small ThingsB. We Can Change Everything If We WantC. Practicing Gratitude Changed My LifeD. Being Grateful to One Good Person【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。