教材课后习题答案第章(终审稿)
英语国家概况谢福之课后答案(终审稿)
英语国家概况谢福之课后答案TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】英语国家概况（谢福之主编）课后答案一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britainand ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain andEngland2. is the capital city of Scotland.3. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. AberdeenD. Cardiff4.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of overmillion.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 165.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland6.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman8.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element ofwords to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch andGermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek9.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish10.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standardform of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation11.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate inEnglish.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth12.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic13.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-SaxonChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. RomanChristianity14.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward theConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great15.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of theMagna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of commonlaw16.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House ofYorkC. the House of TudorD. the House ofLancaster17.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’seffort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare hissupreme power over the church18.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists andParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats andChristians19. was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act ofSupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta20.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of thecentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning ofthe century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th22.The British government is characterized by a division of powers betweenthree of the following branches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive23.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effecton .A. passing the billsB. advising thegovernmentC. political partiesD. public attitude24.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect25.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individualresponsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending theindividuals26.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet27.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six28. has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD.Northern Ireland29.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-party D. multi-party30.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand .A. government interventionB. nationalization ofenterprisesC. social reformD. a belief inindividualism31.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved publictransportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economicdevelopment32.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s33.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establisha welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194834.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflationratesC. large importsD. unemploymentproblem35.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening theunemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old agepensions36.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspectsexcept .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflationunder controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality37.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%38.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the followingexcept .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea areabetween Britain and Ireland39.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/340.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned41.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry42.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schoolswere ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s43.About of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%44.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universitiesreceive their remaining funds from all the following sourcesexcept .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions45.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. schoolreferences46.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educationalqualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National VocationalQualifications47.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded asthe “Big Three” with the exception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD.The Daily Telegraph48.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC.documentary D. soap opera49. is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB50.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friendsexchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families travelingoverseas51.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’sChristmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmaspantomime52.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet53. is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. PrometheusUnbound54.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. DavidCopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. GreatExpectations55. is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy56.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.57. is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot58.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of theD’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return ofthe Native59.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.60.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul61.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence62.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3563.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida64.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexicoto the south, the Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east,westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east,west65.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the MississippiRiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the ColoradoRiver66.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT arelocated .A. in the SouthB. along thePacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest67. is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie andLake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The GrandCanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great SaltLake68.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks69.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. NativeAmericans D. Asians70.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into theUnited States, particularly from .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. SouthAmerica71.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class72.The first successful English colony in North America was founded atin .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston,MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth,Georgia73.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians74.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British andAmerican Indians75.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. thepeople of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13colonies76.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston77.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the SecondContinental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress ofConfederation78.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights79.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the twoworld wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partialinvolvement D. appeasement80.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy81.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson82.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179383.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court84.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution85.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes86.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. theRepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President87.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders88.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above89.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two90.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine91.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizensover 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senatorsand representatives92.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the followingfields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals93.The modern American economy progressed from to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy94.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD.diplomatic authority95.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urgeof .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. AlexanderHamilton96.The following inventions took place during the “second industrialrevolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator97.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducingvarious programs like the following except .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. UnemploymentPension98.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth99.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farmenterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agriculturalimports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.100. is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD.American Motors101.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%102.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC.elementary D. private103.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics andbusiness educationC. science and social studiesD. music andphysical education104.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. HarvardUniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New YorkUniversity105.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. researchinstitutionsC. technical institutionsD. communitycolleges106.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll107.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits108.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. MassachusettsInstitute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University 109. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it hasa reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New YorkTimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News 110.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the PublicBroadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the AmericanBroadcasting System (ABS)111.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th112.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & JonathanEdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe &Washington Irving113. is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. WashingtonIrving114.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House ofthe Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature115.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend ofSleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller116.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense ofhumorC. a realistic viewD. an idealisticview117.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD.Herman Melville118. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature119.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound andthe FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom theBell Tolls120.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil121. is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.()9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5thcenturies BC.(3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.()5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.( )6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.( )7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.( )8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople. )9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory. )10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religiousfactions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government. )2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.( )3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.( )6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected. )7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.( )8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.( )2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. )3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.( )5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.( )6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.( )7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.( )8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.( )10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.( )Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.( )3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.( )4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.( )5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.( )6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.( )7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening. )8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper( )9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.( )10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions. ) Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latinclassics.( )3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.( )5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.( )6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.( )7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".( )8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.( )10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.( )Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.( )2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.( )3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.( )。
教材课后习题参考答案
教材课后习题参考答案1 稻草人1. 首先抓住重点句,仔细读课文,理解课文内容,体会稻草人情感的变化,感受他心灵的美好和善良。
然后,理清各部分、各段的主要内容,把相关的故事情节连贯起来,转化成自己的语言讲出来。
2. 体现稻草人感情变化的语句有:第3自然段2、3句和后3句,第4自然段后4句,第7自然段,第8自然段第2句,第9自然段最后一句,等等。
稻草人开始见庄稼长得壮实,所以心里高兴,替命运悲惨的主人感到欣慰;后来见小蛾在叶尖产子,觉得灾害将临,所以心里着急,拼命想把消息通知主人;最后看到稻子遭到祸害,心中十分悲伤,为主人伤心流泪。
3. 本文中,稻草人不仅尽责尽职,还替主人高兴,为主人担忧,甚至想“跳过去,把那灾害的根苗扑灭了”,这都表现了他心地善良,富有同情心,灵魂高尚的精神品质,他是值得我们喜爱和学习的。
4. 略2 寓言两则1. 略2. 《自相矛盾》的意思是一个人说话做事前后矛盾,有些言过其实,自己说的和做的往往不一致,最后搬起石头砸到了自己的脚。
它告诉我要言行一致,实话实说。
《画蛇添足》是说一个人做事总爱节外生枝,卖弄小聪明,结果事情非但不能做好,反而弄巧成拙,惹出很多麻烦。
它告诉我做事要实事求是,不要卖弄小聪明。
3. 略3 卖火柴的小女孩儿1. 略2. 文中小女孩儿共五次擦燃火柴,分别看到了烧得旺旺的大火炉、香喷喷的烤鹅、美丽的圣诞树、慈祥的奶奶和随奶奶升入天堂五个幻觉。
课文中感人的地方很多,比如,小女孩儿五次美好的幻觉,在大年夜被冻死的情景,等等。
3. 第一个“幸福”是指小女孩儿临死时是在美好的幻觉中度过的,是幸福的;第二个“幸福”指小女孩儿死了就没有寒冷、饥饿和痛苦了,就彻底幸福了。
这句话的意思是,活着没有人会关心她,只能忍冻挨饿,一生痛苦,只有死才能得到解脱,表达了作者对穷苦人民的深切同情和对贫富悬殊的社会的强烈不满。
4. 略4*刺猬汉斯1. 课文主要讲有一个富有的农夫,他的妻子生了个怪儿子——刺猬汉斯。
教材课后题参考答案
《财务管理》课后计算题答案CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
CHAPTER 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
CHAPTER 5 .......................................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
CHAPTER 6 .......................................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
教材课后习题参考答案
《财务管理》教材课后习题参考答案第一章习题参考答案一、单项选择题1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D二、多项选择题1．ABCD 2．CD 3．ACD 4．ABCD 5．ABC三、判断题1．×2．×3．×4．×5．×第二章习题参考答案一、单项选择题1．D 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A二、多项选择题1．ABCD 2．ABC 3．BCD 4．CD 5．BC 6．ABCD 7．BD 8．ACD 9．ACD 10．BCD三、判断题1．√2．×3．×4．√5．√6．×7．×8．√9．×10．×四、业务题1．方案（1）现值=25×（5.7590+1）≈168.975（万元）方案（2）现值=30×6.1446×0.7513≈138.4931（万元）应选方案（2）2．（1）分次支付，则其3年终值为：F，5%，3）×（1+5%）FV=20×（A=20×3.1525×1.05≈66.2025（万元）F，5%，4）-1]或=20×[（A=20×（4.3101-1）≈66.202（万元）（2）一次支付，则其3年的终值为：50×（PF，5%，3）=50×1.1576≈57.88（万元）因此，一次支付效果更好。
3．甲公司方案对矿业公司来说是一笔年收款10亿美元的10年年金，其终值计算如下：F，15%，10）=10×20.304≈203.04（亿美元）FV=10×（A乙公司的方案对矿业公司来说是两笔收款，分别计算其终值：第1笔收款（40亿美元）的终值=40×（1+15%）10=40×4.0456≈161.824（亿美元）第2笔收款（60亿美元）的终值=60×（1+15%）2=60×1.3225≈79.35（亿美元）终值合计161.824+79.35=241.174（亿美元）综上所述，甲公司付出的款项终值小于乙公司付出的款项的终值，A企业应接受乙公司的投标。
课后习题参考答案
第一章一 1.（D）2.（B,C）3.（A,B,D）4.(A,C,D ) 5.( B ) 6.(D ) 7.( B ) 8.( C) 9.( A )第二章一 1.（A）2.（B）3.（A,B）4.(B,D ) 5.( A,B ) 6.(B ) 7.( A,B,D) 8.(A,B,C,E) 9.( B ) 二．Shutdown –h O 22：00第三章一 1.（C）2.（D）3.（B）4.(C ) 5.( A ) 6.(A,BC ) 7.( A ,B,C,D) 8.( A) 9.( D ) 10(D)11.( A ) 12.( C) 13.（C）14.（A）15（A）二．1( Y ) 2( N ) 3( Y ) 4( N )第四章一 1.（A,B,C）2.（B,C） 3.（C） 4.(C ) 5.( C ) 6.(B ) 7.(B ) 8.(D )二．1(:20,59w /tmp/1 )2(:w >> /tmp/2 )3(1,5 co 10 )4(vi /tmp/passwd /tmp/shadow ctrl+^ ctrl+ ^ )5(1,15 d )6(:1,3 m 5 )第五章一、 1.（D）2.（C） 3.（B） 4.(B ) 5.( B ) 6.(AB ) 7.( C) 8.(B) 9.(B) 10.( AD)11.(B) 12.(AC) 13.( ABCD) 14.(G) 15( C)二1、useradd user; passwd abc123; gpasswd –a user group2、useradd –u 900 pyh; groupadd –g 800 usergroup; gpasswd –a pyh usergroup; usermod –l newuser pyh ;groupmod –g 1000 –n usergroup-new usergroup;3、chmod 750 newdir4、su root; mkdir /newdir; gpasswd –a newuser root; chmod 754 /newdir第六章一 1.（D）2.（B）3.（C）4.(A ) 5.(B ) 6.(C ) 7(A). 8(B)二．1、tar –czvf wang.tar.gz /home/stud1/wang/*; cp wang.tar.gz /home2、gzip3、mount /dev/sdb1 /abc4、mkdir /myfile;mount -o iocharset=cp936 /etc/sdb1 /myfile5、gzip -c file> /test1/file.gz6、tar -cvf myfiles.tar /myfile7·tar –czfv files.tar.gz /aaa ；#tar -zxvf file.tar.gz -C /test8、#rpm –qa|grep samba第七章一 1.（AC）2.（B）3.（A）4.(A ) 5.( B ) 6.(D ) 7.( D) 8.( ABC) 9.( ABC ) 10(ABCD) 二．问答题1、1) 00 16 * * * rm –rf /abc2) 00 8-16 * * * tail -5 /xyz/x1 > > /backup/bak01.txt3) 00 17 * * 1 tar cvfz backup.tar.gz /data/*4) 55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc2、at 11 todaymkdir /abccd /abctouch filetar -cvf file.tar /abc/filectrl+Z第八章一 1.（D）2.（D） 3.（A,B）4.(C ) 5.(B ) 6.(A ) 7.( A) 8.( D) 9.( A ) 10(D)第九章一 1.（D）2.（A） 3.（B）4.(D ) 5.(C ) 6.(C D ) 7.( C) 8.( A) 9.( A B D ) 10(C)11.（D）12.（A）13.（B）14.(D ) 15.(B )第十章一 1.（D）2.（B）3.（C）4.(A ) 5.(B ) 6.(C D ) 7.( B) 8.( C) 9.(C ) 10(C)二Vi /etc/samba/smb.conf[global]workgroup =mygroupnetbios name = mysambasecurity=user[home]comment =homedectory //指定对共享的描述path =/home/marry //指定共享服务的路径browseable =yesavailable = yes //指定共享资源是否可用writable=yes //指定主目录可写[myshare]comment = sharedectory //指定对共享的描述path =/var/share/myshare //指定共享服务的路径public=nobrowseable =noavailable = yes //指定共享资源是否可用read only = yes //指定共享的路径是否为只读read list =@ Marry,@Kate //设置只读访问用户列表valid users = Marry,Kate,@Marry,@Kate //指定允许使用服务的用户列表在windows客户端上访问Samba服务器上共享资源通过网上邻居访问在Linux系统下利用Samba客户端访问Windows服务器上的共享资源Smbclient -L //XpServer –U administrator //查看共享资源Smbclient //XpServer/myshare –U administrator //访问共享资源第十一章一 1.（B）2.（A）3.（D）4.(B) 5.(B ) 6.(C ) 7.( D) 8.( C) 9.(ABC D) 10(ABCD) 二修改ftp配置文件vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.confanonymous_enable=YESlocal_enable= YESAnon_upload_enable= yesAnon_mkdir_write_enable=yeswrite_enable= YESlocal_mask=022dirmessage_enable= YESxferlog_enable= YESuserlist_enable= YESuserlist_deny= nolisten= YES // 设置工作模式是否使用独占启动方式tcp_wrappers= YES2）建立用户[root@localhost root]Useradd myname[root@localhost root]Passwdmyname3）添加能访问的用户[root@localhost root]#vi /etc/vsftpd/user_listmyname4) 重新启动ftp服务器[root@localhost root]# Service vsftpd restart5）以myname用户登录，登录成功后下载在文件ftp 192.168.0.10出现ftp后输入用户名myname和密码即可登录成功，成功后使用put file.txt 上传文件或下载命令get filetxt下载文件第十二章一 1.（A）2.（B）3.（ABD） 4.(CD) 5.(ABCD) 6.(C ) 7.( C) 8.(AB) 9.(A)10.（C）11（C）12（C）第十三章一 1.（B） 2.（A）3.（D）4.(B) 5.(B ) 6（B）7（B）。
财务习题习题答案一起（终审稿）
财务习题习题答案一起（终审稿）财务习题习题答案一起公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]Reading 22 . Financial Statement Analysis: An Introduction 试题整理PRACTICE PROBLEMS1. Providing information about the performance and financial position of companies so that users can make economic decisions best describes the role of:A .auditing.reporting.statement analysis.2. A company's current financial position would best be evaluated using the:A. balance sheet.B .income statement.C .statement of cash flows.3 .A company's profitability for a period would best be evaluated using the:A .balance sheet.B .income statement.C .statement of cash flows.4 .Accounting policies, methods, and estimates used in preparing financial statements are most likely found in the:A .auditor's report.B .management commentary.C .notes to the financial statements.5 .Information about management and director compensation would least likely be found in the:A .auditor's report.B .proxy statement.C. notes to the financial statements.6 .Information about a company's objectives, strategies, and significant risks would most likely be found in the:A .auditor's report.B .management commentary.C .notes to the financial statements.7 . What type of audit opinion is preferred when analyzing financial statementsA .Qualified.B .Adverse.C .Unqualified.8 . Ratios are an input into which step in the financial statement analysis frameworkA .Process data.B .Collect input data.C .Analyze/interpret the processed data.Reading 22 . Financial Statement Analysis: An Introduction 试题答案整理SolutionsSOLUTIONS1. B is correct. This is the role of financial reporting. Therole of financial statement analysis is to evaluate the financial reports.2. A is correct. The balance sheet portrays the currentfinancial position. The income statement and statement of cashflows present different aspects of performance.3. B is correct. Profitability is the performance aspectmeasured by the income statement. The balance sheet portraysthe current financial position. The statement of cash flowspresents a different aspect of performance.4. C is correct. The notes disclose choices in accountingpolicies, methods, and estimates.5. A is correct. Information about management and directorcompensation is not found in the auditor's report. Disclosure of management compensation isrequired in the proxy statement,and some aspects of management compensation are disclosed inthe notes to the financial statements.6. B is correct. These are components of management commentary.7. C is correct. An unqualified opinion is a "clean" opinion and indicates that the Financial statements present the company's performance and financial position fairly in accordance with a specified set of accounting standards.8. C is correct. Ratios are an output of the process data step but are an input into the analyze/interpret data step.Reading 23 . Financial Reporting Mechanics 试题整理1. Which of the following items would most likely be classified as an operating activityA .Issuance of debt.B .Acquisition of a competitor.C. Sale of automobiles by an automobile dealer.2. Which of the following items would most likely be classified as financing activityA .Issuance of debt.B .Payment of income taxes.C .Investments in the stock of' a supplier.3. Which of the following elements represents an economic resourceA. Asset.B .Liability.C. Owners' equity.4 .Which of the following elements represents a residual claimA .Asset.B .Liability.C .Owners' equity.5. An analyst has projected that a company will have assets of €2,000 at year-end and liabilities of €1,200. Theanalyst's projection of total owners' equity should be closest to:A . €800.B . €2,000.C. €3,200.6. An analyst has collected the following information regardinga company in advance of its year-end earnings announcement (in millions):Estimated net income $ 200Beginning retained earnings $ 1,400Estimated distributions to owners $ 100The analyst's estimate of ending retained earnings {in millions} should be closest to:A .$1,300.B. $1,500.C. $1,700.7. An analyst has compiled the following information regarding Rubsam, Inc.Liabilities at year-end € 1,000Contributed capital at year-end € 500Beginning retaine d earnings € 600Revenue during the year Revenue during the year € 5,000Expenses during the year € 4,300There have been no distributions to owners. The analyst's most likely estimate of total assets at year-end should be closest to:A € 2,100.B € .C € 2,800.8. A group of individuals formed a new company with an investment of $500,000. the most likely effect of this transaction on the company's accounting equation at the time of t:he formation is an increase in cash and:A .an increase in revenue.B .an increase in liabilities.C. an increase in Contributed capital.9. HVG, LLC paid $12,000 of cash to a real estate company uponsigning a lease on 31 December 2005. The payment representsa $4,000 security deposit and $4,000 of rent for each ofJanuary 2006 and February 2006. Assuming that the correct accounting is to reflect both January and February rent as prepaid. The most likely effect on HVG's accounting equation inDecember 2005 is:A . no net change in assets.B . a decrease in assets of $8,000.C . a decrease in assets of $12,000.10 .TRR Enterprises sold products to customers on 30 June 2006for a total price of € 10,000. The terms of the sale are that payment is due in 30 days. The cost of the products was € 8,000. The most likely net change in TRR's total assets on 30 June 2006 related to this transaction is:A. € O.B. € 2,000.C. € 10,000.11. On 30 April 2006, Pinto Products received a cash payment of $30,000 as a deposit on production of a custom machine to be delivered in August 2006 this transaction would most likely result in which of the following on 30 April 2006A . No effect on liabilities.B . A decrease in assets of $30,000.C . An increase in liabilities of $30,000.12 .Squires & Johnson, Ltd., recorded €250,000 of depreciationexpense in December 2005. The most likely effect on thecompany's accounting equation is:A . no effect on assets.B . a decrease in assets of €250,000.C . an increase in liabilities of €250,000.13. An analyst who is interested in assessing a company'sfinancial position is most likely to focus on whichfinancial statementA . Balance sheet.B . Income statement.C . Statement of cash flows.14 . The statement of cash flows presents the flows into which three groups of business activitiesA . Operating, Nonoperating, and Financing.B . Operating, Investing, and Financing.C . Operating. Nonoperating, and Investing.15 . Which of the following statements about cash receivedprior to the recognition of revenue in the financialstatements is most accurate The cash is recorded as;A . deferred revenue, an asset.B . accrued revenue, a liability.C . deferred revenue, a liability.16 . When, at the end of an accounting period, a revenue hasbeen recognized in the financial statements but no billing has occurred and no cash has been received, the accrual is to:A . unbilled (accrued) revenue, an asset.B . deferred revenue, an asset.C . unbilled (accrued) revenue, a liability17 . When at the end of an accounting period. cash has beenpaid with respect to an expense, the business should then record:A . an accrued expense, an asset.B . a prepaid expense, an asset.C . an accrued expense, a liability18 .When, at the end of an accounting period, cash has not beenpaid with respect to an expense that has been incurred, the business should then record:A . an accrued expense, an asset.B . a prepaid expense, an asset.C . an accrued expense. a liabilitv.19 . The collection of all business transactions sorted byaccount in an accounting system is referred to as:A . a trial balance.B . a general ledger.C . a general journal.20. If a company reported fictitious revenue, it could try to cover up its fraud by:A . decreasing assets.B . increasing liabilities.C . creating a fictitious asset.Reading 23 . Financial Reporting Mechanics 试题答案整理1. C is correct. Sales of products, a primary business activity, are classified as an operating activity. Issuance of debt would be a financing activity. Acquisition of a competitor and thesale of surplus equipment would both be classified as investing activities.2 . A is correct. Issuance of debt would be classified as afinancing activity. B is incorrect because payment of income taxes would be classified as an operating activity. C is incorrect because investments in common stock would be generally classified as investing activities.3 . A is correct. An asset is an economic resource of an entity that will either be converted into cash or consumed.4 . C is correct. Owners' equity is a residual claim on the resources of a business.5 . A is correct. Assets must equal liabilities plus owners'equity and, therefore, €2,000 =€1,200 + Owners' equity.Owners' equity must be €800.6 . B is correct.Beginning retained earnings $l，400+ Net income 200- Distributions to owners (100)= Ending retained earnings $l,5007 . C is correct.Assets = Liabilities + Contributed capital + Beginning retained earnings -Distributions to owners + Revenues - ExpensesLiabilities $l,000+ Contributed capital 500+ Beginning retained earnings 600- Distributions to owners (0)+ Revenues 5,000- Expenses (4,300)= Assets $2,8008. C is correct. This is a contribution of capital by the owners. Assets would I increase by $500,000 and contributed capital would increase by $500,000, maintaining the balance of the accounting equation.9. A is correct. The payment of January rent represents prepaid rent (an asset) which will be adjusted at the end of January to record rent expense. Cash (an asset) decreases by $12,000. Deposits (an asset )increase by $. Prepaid rent (an asset) increases by $8,000. There is no net change in assets.is correct. The sale of products without receipt of cash results in an increase in accounts receivable (an asset) of €10,000. The balance in inventory (an asset) decreases by €8,000. The net increase in assets is €2,000. This would be balanced by anincrease in revenue of €10,000 and anincrease in expenses (costs of goods sold) of €8,000.11. C is correct. The receipt of cash in advance of deliveringgoods or services results in unearned revenue, which is a liability. The company has an obligation to deliver $30,000 in goods in the future. This balances the increase in cash (an asset) of $30,000.12 . B is correct. Depreciation is an expense and increasesaccumulated depreciation. Accumulated depreciation is acontra account which reduces property plant. and equipment (an asset) by €250,000. Assets decrease by € and expenses increase by €250,000.13 . A is correct. The balance sheet shows the financialposition of a company at a particular point in time. Thebalance sheet is also known as a "statement of financialposition."14 . B is correct. The three sections of the statement of cashflows are operating, investing, and financing activities. 15. C is correct. Cash received prior to revenue recognition increases cash and deferred or unearned revenue. This is a liability until the company provides the promised goods or services.16 . A is correct. When cash is to be received after revenuehas been recognized but no billing has actually occurred, an unbilled (accrued) revenue is recorded. Such accruals would usually occur when an accounting period ends prior to a company billing its customer. This type of accrual can becontrasted with a simple credit sale, which is reflected as an increase in revenue and an increase in accountsreceivable. No accrual is necessary.17 . B is correct. Payment of expenses in advance is called aprepaid expense which is classified as an asset.18 . C js an expense is incurred and no cash has been paid,expenses are increased and a liability ( "accrued expense") is established for the same amount.19. B is correct. The general ledger is the collection of allbusiness transactions sorted by account in an accountingsystem. The general journal is the collection of allbusiness activities sorted by date.20. C is correct. In order to balance the accounting equationthe company would either need to increase assets or decrease liabilities. Creating a fictitious asses would be one way of attempting to cover up the fraud.Reading 24 . Financial Reporting Standards 试题整理1 . Which of the following is most likely not an objective of financial statementsA . To provide information about the performance of an entity.B . To provide information about the financial position of an entity.C . To provide information about the users of an entity's financial statements.2 . International financial reporting standards are currently developed by which entityA . The IFRS Foundation.B . The International Accounting Standards Board.C . The International Organization of Securities Commissions.3 . . generally accepted accounting principles are currently developed by which entityA . The Securities and Exchange Commission.B . The Financial Accounting Standards Board.C . The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.4 . Which of the following statements about desirable attributes of accounting standards boards is most accurate Accounting standards boards should:A . concede to political pressures.B . be guided by a well articulated framework.C . be adequately funded by companies to which the standards apply.5 . A core objective of the International Organization of Securities Commissions is to:A . eliminate systematic risk.B . protect users of financial statements.C . ensure that markets are fair, efficient and transparent.6 . According to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (2010), which of the following is not an enhancing qualitative characteristic of information i financial statementsA . Accuracy.B Timeliness.C. Comparability.7 . Which of the following is not a constraint on the financial statements according to the Conceptual Framework (2010)A . Understandability.B . Benefit versus cost.C . Balancing of' qualitative characteristics.8 . The assumption that an entity will continue to operate for the foreseeable future is called:A . accrual basis.B . comparability.C . going concern.9 . The assumption that the effects of transactions and other events are recognized when they occur, not when the cash flows occur. is called:A . relevance.B . accrual basis.C . going concern.10 . Neutrality of information in the financial statements mostclosely contributes to which qualitative characteristicA . Relevance.B . Understandability.C . Faithful representation.11 . Valuing assets at the amount of cash or equivalents paidor the fair value of the consideration given to acquire them at the time of acquisition most closely describes which measurement of financial statement elementsA . Current cost.B . Historical cost.C . Realizable value.12 . The valuation technique under which assets are recorded atthe amount that would be received in an orderly disposal is:A . current cost.B . present value.。
工程荷载与可靠度设计原理习题解答(终审稿)
工程荷载与可靠度设计原理习题解答公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]《工程荷载与可靠度设计原理》习题解答1 荷载与作用什么是施加于工程结构上的作用荷载与作用有什么区别结构上的作用是指能使结构产生效应的各种原因的总称，包括直接作用和间接作用。
引起结构产生作用效应的原因有两种，一种是施加于结构上的集中力和分布力，例如结构自重，楼面的人群、家具、设备，作用于桥面的车辆、人群，施加于结构物上的风压力、水压力、土压力等，它们都是直接施加于结构，称为直接作用。
另一种是施加于结构上的外加变形和约束变形，例如基础沉降导致结构外加变形引起的内力效应，温度变化引起结构约束变形产生的内力效应，由于地震造成地面运动致使结构产生惯性力引起的作用效应等。
它们都是间接作用于结构，称为间接作用。
“荷载”仅指施加于结构上的直接作用；而“作用”泛指使结构产生内力、变形的所有原因。
结构上的作用如何按时间变异、空间位置变异、结构反应性质分类结构上的作用按随时间变化可分永久作用、可变作用和偶然作用；按空间位置变异可分为固定作用和自由作用；按结构反应性质可分为静态作用和动态作用。
什么是荷载的代表值它们是如何确定的荷载代表值是考虑荷载变异特征所赋予的规定量值，工程建设相关的国家标准给出了荷载四种代表值：标准值，组合值，频遇值和准永久值。
荷载可根据不同设计要求规定不同的代表值，其中荷载标准值是荷载的基本代表值，其它代表值都可在标准值的基础上考虑相应的系数得到。
2 重力作用成层土的自重应力如何确定地面以下深度z处的土体因自身重量产生的应力可取该水平截面上单位面积的土柱体的重力，对于均匀土自重应力与深度成正比，对于成层土可通过各层土的自重应力求和得到。
土压力有哪几种类别土压力的大小及分布与哪些因素有关根据挡土墙的移动情况和墙后土体所处应力状态，土压力可分为静止土压力、主动土压力和被动土压力三种类别。
土的侧向压力的大小及分布与墙身位移、填土性质、墙体刚度、地基土质等因素有关。
艺术导论尔雅网络课习题答案(终审稿)
艺术导论尔雅网络课习题答案公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]1.哪位大师将中国国画中的意境运用到了油画中（）窗体顶端A、丁绍光B、贝聿铭C、谭盾D、赵无极我的答案：D2.哪位画家创立了云南画派（）窗体顶端A、丁绍光B、贝聿铭C、谭盾D、赵无极我的答案：A3.要使用现代的艺术语言体现中国的优秀传统文化，才能使中国艺术走向世界。
（）我的答案：√4.贝聿铭提出了有机建筑的概念。
（）我的答案：×1世界电影于（）诞生。
窗体顶端A、1895年B、1905年C、1911年D、1862年我的答案：A3我国电视剧评奖最高奖项为（）。
窗体顶端A、百花奖B、飞天奖C、白玉兰奖D、金鹰奖我的答案：B4《一口菜饼子》是我国第一部电视剧。
（）我的答案：√1“17年中国电影”指的是（）时期。
窗体顶端A、1949-1966年B、1966-1983年C、1983-2000年D、1932-1949年我的答案：A2目前中国电影票房以每年（）的速率在增长。
窗体顶端A、B、C、D、我的答案：C3中国电影在历史上有三次高潮，第一次是在（）。
窗体顶端A、20世纪五六十年代B、20世纪七八十年代C、20世纪八九十年代D、20世纪三四十年代我的答案：D4中国电影的蓬勃发展，在20世纪90年代出现了第三次高潮。
（）我的答案：×1（）是《红高粱》的导演。
窗体顶端A、陈凯歌B、李安C、韩三平D、张艺谋我的答案：D2莫言的文学风格深受下列哪一位大家的影响（）窗体顶端A、维吉尔B、司汤达C、马尔克斯D、狄更斯我的答案：C3（）导演的作品包括《推手》、《喜宴》和《饮食男女》。
窗体顶端A、陈凯歌B、李安C、韩三平D、张艺谋我的答案：B4陈凯歌的《黄土地》表达出了“如此贫瘠的土地孕育了如此伟大的民族”的基调。
（）我的答案：√1美学诞生的标志是德国美学家鲍姆嘉通《美学》一书的出版，该书出版于（）年。
货币资金内部控制与核算规程设计习题答案(终审稿)
货币资金内部控制与核算规程设计习题答案文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-第七章货币资金内部控制与核算规程设计思考题1．货币内部控制设计时的原则有哪些？【答案】(1)严格职责分工即将涉及货币资金不相容的职责分由不同的人员担任，形成严密的内部牵制制度，以减少和降低货币资金管理上舞弊的可能性。
(2)实行交易分开即将现金支出业务和现金收入业务分开进行处理，防止将现金收入真接用于现金支出的坐支行为。
(3)实施内部稽核即设置内部稽核单位和人员，建立内部稽核制度，以加强对货币资金管理的监督，及时发现货币资金管理中存在的问题，以及时改进对货币资金的管理控制。
(4)实施定期轮岗制度即对涉及货币资金管理和控制的业务人员实行定期轮换岗位。
通过轮换岗位，减少货币资金管理和控制中产生舞弊的可能性，并及时发现有关人员的舞弊行为。
2．如何设计备用金的核算方法？【答案】（1）会计部门设置“备用金”账户企业的备用金在财会部门是通过“其他应收款——××部门备用金”账户，或单独设置“备用金”账户进行核算的。
备用金使用部门领用时记入借方，收回时记入贷方。
尚未收回时，本账户的余额表示核定的备用金定额。
平时备用金使用部门报账时不通过本账户核算。
（2）使用部门的收支登记办法备用金使用部门必须对支付现金的所有原始凭证顺序编号，与库存现金一起妥善保管，并设立库存现金日记账，按原始凭证号码顺序、逐笔反映备用金的收支情况。
3．在不同的结算方式下，如何确定银行存款的入账时间？【答案】（1）采用银行汇票方式在这种结算方式下，收款单位应当将汇票、解讫通知和进账单送交银行，根据银行退回的进账单和有关的原始凭证编制收款凭证；付款单位应在收到银行签发的银行汇票后，根据“银行汇票申请书（存根）”联编制付款凭证。
如有多余款项或因汇票超过付款期限等原因而退款时，应根据银行的多余款收账通知或退票通知编制收款凭证。
课后习题答案（1-14单元）
课后习题答案（1-14单元）Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook.2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well? Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of theglobal credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools andstate control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than othermarket based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totallyderegulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countriesare unfortunately cutting back on its spending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media oftenunfairly label them as lazy and reliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oiland natural gas is still being measured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability todeliver on services and projects aimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a songabout five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to dailynecessities, the government feels rather urgent to hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-ownedenterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concernshave trickled down to all places, including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays.It is in the last placewhen it comes to investment for multinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers neverthink of quitting while many others have battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital,machinery and equipment to produce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidlythat toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。
水电解质酸碱平衡习题及答案终审稿)
水电解质酸碱平衡习题及答案文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-第三章水、电解质代谢紊乱【复习题】一、选择题A型题1．高热患者易发生 ( )A.低容量性高钠血症B.低容量性低钠血症C．等渗性脱水 D.高容量性低钠血症E．细胞外液显着丢失2．低容量性低钠血症对机体最主要的影响是 ( )A.酸中毒B.氮质血症C．循环衰竭 D.脑出血E．神经系统功能障碍3．下列哪一类水电解质失衡最容易发生休克 ( )A.低容量性低钠血症B.低容量性高钠血症C.等渗性脱水 D．高容量性低钠血症E．低钾血症4．低容量性低钠血症时体液丢失的特点是 ( )A.细胞内液和外液均明显丢失B.细胞内液无丢失仅丢失细胞外液C.细胞内液丢失,细胞外液无丢失D.血浆丢失,但组织间液无丢失E.血浆和细胞内液明显丢失5．高容量性低钠血症的特征是 ( )A.组织间液增多B.血容量急剧增加C.细胞外液增多D.过多的低渗性液体潴留,造成细胞内液和细胞外液均增多E.过多的液体积聚于体腔6．低容量性高钠血症脱水的主要部位是 ( )A.体腔B.细胞间液C.血液D.细胞内液E.淋巴液.7．水肿首先出现于身体低垂部,可能是 ( )A.肾炎性水肿B.肾病性水肿C.心性水肿D.肝性水肿E.肺水肿8．易引起肺水肿的病因是 ( )A.肺心病B.肺梗塞C.肺气肿D.二尖瓣狭窄E.三尖瓣狭窄9．区分渗出液和漏出液的最主要依据是 ( )A.晶体成分B.细胞数目C．蛋白含量 D.酸硷度E.比重10．水肿时产生钠水潴留的基本机制是 ( )A.毛细血管有效流体静压增加B.有效胶体渗透压下降C.淋巴回流张障碍D.毛细血管壁通透性升高E.肾小球-肾小管失平衡11．细胞外液渗透压至少有多少变动才会影响体内抗利尿激素(ADH)释放 ( ) A.1％～2％ B.3％～4％C.5％～6％D.7％～8％E.9％～10％12．临床上对伴有低容量性的低钠血症原则上给予 ( )A.高渗氯化钠溶液B.10％葡萄糖液C.低渗氯化钠溶液D.50％葡萄糖液E.等渗氯化钠溶液13．尿崩症患者易出现 ( )A.低容量性高钠血症B.低容量性低钠血症C.等渗性脱水D.高容量性低钠血症E．低钠血症14．盛暑行军时大量出汗可发生 ( )A.等渗性脱水B.低容量性低钠血症C.低容量性高钠血症D.高容量性低钠血症E．水肿15．低容量性高钠血症患者的处理原则是补充 ( )A.5％葡萄糖液液B. 0.9％NaClC.先3%NaCl液,后5%葡萄糖液D. 先5%葡萄糖液,后0.9%NaCl液E.先50%葡萄糖液后0.9%NaCl液.16．影响血浆胶体渗透压最重要的蛋白质是 ( )A.白蛋白B.球蛋白C.纤维蛋白原D.凝血酶原E.珠蛋白17．影响血管内外液体交换的因素中下列哪一因素不存在 ( )A.毛细血管流体静压B. 血浆晶体渗透压C.血浆胶体渗透压D. 微血管壁通透性E.淋巴回流18．微血管壁受损引起水肿的主要机制是 ( )A. 毛细血管流体静压升高B. 淋巴回流障碍C. 静脉端的流体静压下降D. 组织间液的胶体渗透压增高E. 血液浓缩19．低蛋白血症引起水肿的机制是( )A. 毛细血管内压升高B. 血浆胶体渗透压下降C. 组织间液的胶体渗透压升高D. 组织间液的流体静压下降E. 毛细血管壁通透性升高20．充血性心力衰竭时肾小球滤过分数增加主要是因为 ( ) A.肾小球滤过率升高 B. 肾血浆流量增加C.出球小动脉收缩比入球小动脉收缩明显D. 肾小管周围毛细血管中血浆渗透增高E. 肾小管周围毛细血管中流体静压升高21．血清钾浓度的正常范围是 ( )A．130～150 mmol/LB．140～160 mmol/LC．3.5～5.5 mmol/LD．0.75～1.25 mmol/LE．2.25～2.75 mmol/L22．下述哪项不是低钾血症对骨骼肌的影响 ( )A．肌无力B．肌麻痹C．超极化阻滞D．静息电位负值减小E．兴奋性降低23．重度高钾血症时，心肌的 ( )A．兴奋性↑ 传导性↑ 自律性↑B．兴奋性↑ 传导性↑ 自律性↓C．兴奋性↑ 传导性↓ 自律性↑D．兴奋性↓ 传导性↓ 自律性↓E．兴奋性↓ 传导性↑ 自律性↑24．重度低钾血症或缺钾的病人常有 ( )A．神经-肌肉的兴奋性升高B．心律不齐C．胃肠道运动功能亢进D．代谢性酸中毒E．少尿25．“去极化阻滞”是指 ( )A．低钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↓B．高钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↓C．低钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↑D．高钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↑E．低钙血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↑26．影响体内外钾平衡调节的主要激素是 ( ) A．胰岛素B．胰高血糖素C．肾上腺糖皮质激素D．醛固酮E．甲状腺素27．影响细胞内外钾平衡调节的主要激素是 ( )A．胰岛素B．胰高血糖素C．肾上腺糖皮质激素D．醛固酮E．甲状腺素28．“超极化阻滞”是指 ( )A．低钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↓B．高钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↓C．低钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↑D．高钾血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↑E．低钙血症时的神经-肌肉兴奋性↓29．钾代谢障碍与酸碱平衡紊乱常互为影响，下述何者是正确的 ( ) A．低钾血症常引起代谢性酸中毒B．高钾血症常引起代谢性碱中毒C．代谢性碱中毒常引起高钾血症D．代谢性酸中毒常引起低钾血症E．混合性酸中毒常引起高钾血症30．高钾血症对机体的主要危害在于 ( )A．引起肌肉瘫痪B．引起严重的肾功能损害C．引起血压降低D．引起严重的心律紊乱E．引起酸碱平衡紊乱31. 细胞内液占第二位的阳离子是 ( )A.Na+B.K+C.H+D.Mg2+E.Ca2+32. 低镁血症时神经-肌肉兴奋性增高的机制是 ( )A.静息电位负值变小B.阈电位降低C.γ-氨基丁酸释放增多D.乙酰胆碱释放增多E.ATP生成增多33.不易由低镁血症引起的症状是 ( )A.四肢肌肉震颤B.癫痫发作C.血压降低D.心律失常E.低钙血症和低钾血症34. 对神经、骨骼肌和心肌来说,均是抑制性阳离子的是 ( )A.Na+B.K+C.Ca2+D.Mg2+E.HCO3-35. 神经肌肉应激性增高可见于 ( )A.高钙血症B.低镁血症C.低磷血症D.低钾血症E.酸中毒36. 临床上常用静脉输入葡萄糖酸钙抢救高镁血症，其主要机制为 ( )A.钙能拮抗镁对神经肌肉的抑制作用B.钙能减少镁在肠道的吸收C.钙能促进镁的排出D.钙能使静息电位负值变小E.钙能促进镁进入细胞内37. 急性高镁血症的紧急治疗措施是 ( )A.静脉输注葡萄糖B.静脉输注碳酸氢钠C.静脉输注葡萄糖酸钙D.静脉输注生理盐水E.使用利尿剂加速镁的排出38. 下述哪种情况可引起低镁血症 ( )A.肾功能衰竭少尿期B.甲状腺功能减退C.醛固酮分泌减少D.糖尿病酮症酸中毒E.严重脱水39. 引起高镁血症最重要的原因是 ( )A.口服镁盐过多B.糖尿病酮症酸中毒昏迷患者未经治疗C.严重烧伤D.肾脏排镁减少E.长期禁食40. 下述关于血磷的描述哪项不正确( )A.正常血磷浓度波动于0.8～1.3mmol/LB.甲状腺素是调节磷代谢的主要激素C.磷主要由小肠吸收，由肾排出D.肾功能衰竭常引起高磷血症E.高磷血症是肾性骨营养不良的主要发病因素41. 高钙血症对骨骼肌膜电位的影响是 ( )A. 静息电位负值变大B. 静息电位负值变小C. 阈电位负值变大D. 阈电位负值变小E. 对膜电位无影响42. 高钙血症对机体的影响不包括 ( )A.肾小管损伤B.异位钙化C.神经肌肉兴奋性降低D.心肌传导性降低E.心肌兴奋性升高一、问答题二、1．哪种类型的低钠血症易造成失液性休克，为什么？三、2．简述低容量性低钠血症的原因？四、3．试述水肿时钠水潴留的基本机制。
生物教材课后练习题全部答案(总册86页)
《高中生物教材》课后练习题答案共86页目录《普通高中课程标准实验教科书生物1 必修分子与细胞》第2页第一章走近细胞第2页第二章组成细胞的分子第3页第三章细胞的基本结构第6页第四章细胞的物质输入和输出第8页第五章细胞的能量供应和利用第10页第六章细胞的生命历程第15页《普通高中课程标准实验教科书生物2 必修遗传与进化》第19页第一章遗传因子的发现教材分析第19页第二章基因和染色体的关系第21页第三章基因的本质第25页第四章基因的表达第27页第五章基因突变及其他变异第29页第六章从杂交育种到基因工程第32页第七章现代生物进化理论教材分析第33页《普通高中课程标准实验教科书生物3 必修稳态与环境》第35页第一章人体的内环境与稳态第35页第二章动物和人体生命活动的调节第38页第三章植物的激素调节第43页第四章种群和群落第46页第五章生态系统及其稳定性第50页第六章生态环境的保护第54页高中生物选修1《生物技术实践》课后题答案和提示第55页专题1 传统发酵技术的应用第54页专题2 制作泡菜并检测亚硝酸盐含量第57页专题3 微生物的培养与应用第58页专题4 植物的组织培养技术第61页专题5酶的研究与应用第63页专题6 DNA和蛋白质技术第66页专题7 植物有效成分的提取第71页高中生物选修3《现代生物科技专题》课后题答案和提示第73页专题1 基因工程第73页专题2 细胞工程第76页专题3 胚胎工程第79页专题4 生物技术的安全性和伦理问题第81页专题5 生态工程第82页20150928下载编辑《普通高中课程标准实验教科书生物1 必修分子与细胞》第1章走近细胞第1节从生物圈到细胞资料分析1.提示：草履虫除能完成运动和分裂外，还能完成摄食、呼吸、生长、应激性等生命活动。
如果没有完整的细胞结构，草履虫不可能完成这些生命活动。
2.提示：在子女和父母之间，精子和卵细胞充当了遗传物质的桥梁。
父亲产生的精子和母亲产生的卵细胞通过受精作用形成受精卵，受精卵在子宫中发育成胚胎，胚胎进一步发育成胎儿。
教育学课后章节答案（完整版）
教育学课后章节答案（完整版）第一篇：教育学课后章节答案(完整版)教育学课后章节答案（完整版）第一章简答题简述教育学产生和发展的基本过程。
P16 答：一、教育学的萌芽:近代之前，人们对教育的认识主要停留在经验习俗水平，没有形成系统的理性认识，成为教育之“学”。
这种对教育现象和问题的前科学认识，不仅存在于人类教育认识的前期，而且存在于当前和今后人类对教育的认识之中二、教育的创立:夸美纽斯《大教学论》，赫尔巴特《普通教育学》三、教学学的发展（一）实验教育学：梅伊曼《实验教育学纲要》、拉伊《实验教育学》（二）文化教育学：狄尔泰《关于普通妥当的教育学的可能》、斯普朗格《教育与文化》、利特《职业陶冶，、专业教育、人的陶冶》（三）实用主义教育学：杜威《民主主义与教育》、克伯屈《设计教学法》（四）马克思主义教育学：代表人物:加里宁、凯洛夫、扬贤江（五）批评教育学：鲍尔斯、阿普尔、布迪尔四、当代教育学的状况1.教育学研究的问题领域急剧扩大2.教育学研究基础和研究模式呈现多样化3.教育学发生细密的分化，形成了初步的教育学科体系五、论述题1、结合实际的教育教学谈谈教育学的价值表现在哪里。
p24-28 师范生为什么要学习和研究教育学，你打算怎样学好教育学？答：教育学的价值表现在以下三点：一、反思日常教学经验二、科学解释教育问题超越日常习俗认识；掌握教育术语；运用教育理论。
三、沟通教育理论与实践教育学本身就是一门实践教育学本身就是一门实践科学，对教育进行科学认识，既是教育实践所提出的客观要求，又最终需要回到教育实践。
教育实践不单纯强调“做”的成分，还包含一种理性的思考。
师范生将来从事的是师范这个职业，在职场上，我们会遇到多种无法用日常习俗分析和解决的教育问题，这时需要寻求教育理论的帮助，所以师范生须学习和研究教育学。
为学好教育学，我将从课堂及书本中了解教育学的科学本质，并将教育学实践化，从实践中对教育学进行深一步的了解。
自考教材课后习题答案
自考教材课后习题答案在自考教材的学习过程中，课后习题是检验学生对教材内容掌握程度的重要手段。
以下是一些通用的解题策略和答案示例，以帮助学生更好地理解和应用教材知识。
# 开始部分：自学考试的学习过程中，课后习题是巩固知识点、提高解题能力的关键环节。
正确地解答这些习题，不仅能加深对教材内容的理解，还能培养解决问题的能力。
以下是一些常见题型的解题方法和答案示例。
# 选择题解题策略：1. 快速阅读题目：首先快速阅读题目，抓住关键词，理解题干要求。
2. 分析选项：仔细分析每个选项，排除明显错误的选项。
3. 利用排除法：在不确定答案的情况下，使用排除法，逐步缩小选择范围。
4. 注意陷阱选项：有些选项看似正确，但可能存在细微的逻辑错误或与题干不符。
# 简答题解题策略：1. 理解题意：仔细阅读题目，确保完全理解题目要求。
2. 列出要点：根据题目要求，列出需要回答的关键点。
3. 组织语言：用清晰、准确的语言表达每个要点。
4. 注意条理：保持答案的逻辑性和条理性。
# 计算题解题策略：1. 理解公式：确保理解题目中涉及的所有公式及其适用条件。
2. 列出已知条件：明确题目给出的所有已知条件。
3. 逐步解答：按照公式和已知条件，逐步进行计算。
4. 检查结果：计算完成后，检查结果是否合理。
# 答案示例：假设教材中的一个课后习题是关于经济学中的供需法则：题目：简述供需法则的基本原理，并给出一个实际例子。
答案：供需法则是经济学中的基本原理之一，它描述了商品或服务的供给量和需求量如何影响其市场价格。
当需求增加而供给保持不变时，价格上升；相反，当供给增加而需求保持不变时，价格下降。
例如，在旅游旺季，酒店房间的需求量增加，如果房间供给量不变，房间的价格就会上升。
# 结尾部分：解答课后习题是一个不断学习和提高的过程。
希望上述解题策略和答案示例能够帮助你更好地掌握教材内容，并在自学考试中取得优异成绩。
记住，实践是检验真理的唯一标准，多做题、多思考、多总结是提高解题能力的关键。
书后习题答案--第1-5章
0第1章1.2（1）输入A，B，C。
（2）若A>B，则MAX=A，否则MAX=B。
（3）若MAX<C，则MAX=C。
（4）输出MAX。
1.3（1）输入N个整数：X1，X2，X3，X4，……，X n。
（2）计算sum= X1+X2+X3+X4+……+X n。
（3）计算avg=sum/N。
（4）输出avg。
第2章一、（1）换行回车（2）整数变量（3）int或整型（4）6（5）2.5二、（1）A（2）A（3）A（4）B（5）D（6）C（7）C（8）D（9）C（10）D（11）B（12）D（13）B（14）D三、（1）6,0,6（2）8,10,16（3）3.500000（4）6（5）1（6）261（7）16四、（1）# include <stdio.h>void main(){int a,b,c,d;scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);c=2*(a+b);d=a*b;printf("\n zhou chang wei : %d",c); printf("\n mian ji wei : %d",d);}（2）# include <stdio.h>void main(){char a;scanf("%c",&a);printf("\n ASCII zhi wei : %d",a);}（3）# include <stdio.h>void main(){int a,b,c;float ave;scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);ave=(a+b+c)/3.0;printf("\n ping jun zhi wei : %f",ave); }（4）# include <stdio.h>void main(){int a,b,c;float y;scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);y=3.8*(b*b+a*c)/(6*a);printf("\n jie guo wei : %f",y);}五、（1）24（2）10（4）0（5）0（6）0第3章一、（1）C（2）C（3）C（4）D注：题干有误，需进行修改。
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教材课后习题答案第章公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]P184 第八章3. 一简谐波，振动周期21=T s ，波长 = 10 m ，振幅A = 0.1 m ．当 t = 0时，波源振动的位移恰好为正方向的最大值．若坐标原点和波源重合，且波沿Ox 轴正方向传播，求： (1) 此波的表达式； (2) t 1 = T /4时刻，x 1 = /4处质点的位移； (3) t 2 = T /2时刻，x 1 = /4处质点的振动速度． 解：(1) )1024cos(1.0x t y π-π=)201(4cos 1.0x t -π= (SI)(2) t 1 = T /4 = (1 /8) s ，x 1 = /4 = (10 /4) m 处质点的位移)80/4/(4cos 1.01λ-π=T ym 1.0)818/1(4cos 1.0=-π=(3) 振速 )20/(4sin 4.0x t ty-ππ-=∂∂=v ． )4/1(212==T t s ，在 x 1 = /4 = (10 /4) m 处质点的振速26.1)21sin(4.02-=π-ππ-=v m/s4. 在弹性媒质中有一沿x 轴正向传播的平面波，其表达式为)214cos(01.0π-π-=x t y (SI)．若在x = 5.00 m 处有一媒质分界面，且在分界面处反射波相位突变，设反射波的强度不变，试写出反射波的表达式．解：反射波在x 点引起的振动相位为π+π--+π-=+21)55(4x t t φωπ-π+π+=10214x t反射波表达式为 )10214cos(01.0π-π+π+=x t y (SI)或 )214cos(01.0π+π+=x t y (SI)5. 已知一平面简谐波的表达式为 )24(cos x t A y +π= (SI)．(1) 求该波的波长 ，频率和波速u 的值； (2) 写出t = s 时刻各波峰位置的坐标表达式，并求出此时离坐标原点最近的那个波峰的位置； (3) 求t = s 时离坐标原点最近的那个波峰通过坐标原点的时刻t ．解：这是一个向x 轴负方向传播的波． (1) 由波数 k = 2 / 得波长 = 2 / k = 1 m由 = 2 得频率 = / 2 = 2 Hz波速 u = = 2 m/s(2) 波峰的位置，即y = A 的位置． 由 1)24(cos =+πx t有 π=+πk x t 2)24( ( k = 0，±1，±2，…) 解上式，有 t k x 2-=．当 t = s 时， )4.8(-=k x m ．所谓离坐标原点最近，即| x |最小的波峰．在上式中取k = 8，可得 x=的波峰离坐标原点最近．(3) 设该波峰由原点传播到x = -0.4 m 处所需的时间为t ， 则 t = | x | /u = | x | / ( ) = s∴ 该波峰经过原点的时刻 t = 4 s6. 平面简谐波沿x 轴正方向传播，振幅为2 cm ，频率为 50 Hz ，波速为 200 m/s ．在t = 0时，x = 0处的质点正在平衡位置向y 轴正方向运动，求x = 4 m 处媒质质点振动的表达式及该点在t = 2 s 时的振动速度．解：设x = 0处质点振动的表达式为 )cos(0φω+=t A y ， 已知 t = 0 时，y 0 = 0，且 v 0 > 0 ∴π-=21φ ∴ )2cos(0φν+π=t A y )21100cos(1022π-π⨯=-t (SI)由波的传播概念，可得该平面简谐波的表达式为 )/22cos(0u x t A y νφνπ-+π=)2121100cos(1022x t π-π-π⨯=- (SI)x = 4 m 处的质点在t 时刻的位移)21100cos(1022π-π⨯=-t y (SI)该质点在t = 2 s 时的振动速度为 )21200sin(1001022π-π⨯⨯-=-πv= 6.28 m/s7. 沿x 轴负方向传播的平面简谐波在t = 2 s 时刻的波形曲线如图所示，设波速u = 0.5 m/s ． 求：原点O 的振动方程．解：由图， = 2 m ， 又 ∵u = 0.5 m/s ，∴ = 1 /4 Hz ， 3分T = 4 s ．题图中t = 2 s =T 21．t = 0时，波形比题图中的波形倒退λ21，见图．此时O 点位移y 0 = 0（过平衡位置）且朝y 轴负方向运动，∴ π=21φ∴ )2121cos(5.0π+π=t y (SI)8. 如图所示为一平面简谐波在t = 0 时刻的波形图，设此简谐波的频率为250 Hz ，且此时质点P 的运动方向向下，求 (1) 该波的表达式；x (m)y (m)0u0.512t = 0-1(2) 在距原点O 为100 m 处质点的振动方程与振动速度表达式． 解：(1) 由P 点的运动方向，可判定该波向左传播．原点O 处质点，t = 0 时 φcos 2/2A A =, 0sin 0<-=φωA v所以 4/π=φO 处振动方程为 )41500cos(0π+π=t A y (SI)由图可判定波长 = 200 m ，故波动表达式为 ]41)200250(2cos[π++π=x t A y (SI)(2) 距O 点100 m 处质点的振动方程是)45500cos(1π+π=t A y振动速度表达式是 )45500cos(500π+ππ-=t A v (SI)9. 如图所示，S 1，S 2为两平面简谐波相干波源．S 2的相位比S 1的相位超前/4 ，波长 = 8.00 m ，r 1 = 12.0 m ，r 2 = 14.0 m ，S 1在P 点引起的振动振幅为0.30 m ，S 2在P 点引起的振动振幅为0.20 m ，求P 点的合振幅．解：=-π--=∆)(21212r r λφφφ422412/r r π-=π+π-πλλ 464.0)cos 2(2/1212221=++=∆φA A A A A m10. 图中A 、B 是两个相干的点波源，它们的振动相位差为（反相）．A 、B 相距 30 cm ，观察点P 和B 点相距 40 cm ，且AB PB ⊥．若发自A 、B 的两波在P 点处最大限度地互相削弱，求波长最长能是多少． 解：在P 最大限度地减弱，即二振动反相．现二波源是反相的相干波源，故要求因传播路径不同而引起的相位差等于 2k （k = 1，2，…）． 由图 =AP 50 cm ． ∴ 2 (50－40) / = 2k ， ∴ = 10/k cm ，当k = 1时，max = 10 cmPSS11. 如图所示，一平面简谐波沿Ox 轴正向传播，波速大小为u ，若P 处质点的振动方程为 )cos(φω+=t A y P ，求 (1) O 处质点的振动方程； (2) 该波的波动表达式；(3) 与P 处质点振动状态相同的那些质点的位置．解：(1) O 处质点振动方程 ])(cos[0φω++=uL t A y(2) 波动表达式 ])(cos[φω+--=uLx t A y(3) ωukL x L x π±=±=2 (k = 0，1，2，3，…)12.如图为一平面简谐波在t = 0 时刻的波形图，已知波速u = 20 m/s ．试画出P 处质点与Q 处质点的振动曲线，然后写出相应的振动方程．解：(1)波的周期T = / u =( 40/20) s= 2 s ．P 处Q 处质点振动周期与波的周期相等，故P 处质点的振动曲线如图(a) 振动方程为：)21cos(20.0π-π=t y P (SI) 2分(2) Q 处质点的振动曲线如图(b)，振动 2分 方程为 )cos(20.0π+π=t y Q (SI)或 )cos(20.0π-π=t y Q (SI)13.两波在一很长的弦线上传播，其表达式分别为：)244(31cos 1000.421t x y -π⨯=- (SI)-)244(31cos 1000.422t x y +π⨯=- (SI)求： (1) 两波的频率、波长、波速； (2) 两波叠加后的节点位置； (3) 叠加后振幅最大的那些点的位置．解：(1) 与波动的标准表达式 )/(2cos λνx t A y -π= 对比可得：= 4 Hz ， = 1.50 m ，波速 u = = 6.00 m/s(2) 节点位置 )21(3/4π+π±=πn x)21(3+±=n x m , n = 0，1，2，3, …(3) 波腹位置 π±=πn x 3/44/3n x ±= m , n = 0，1，2，3, …14. 一列横波在绳索上传播，其表达式为 )]405.0(2cos[05.01xt y -π= (SI) (1) 现有另一列横波（振幅也是0.05 m ）与上述已知横波在绳索上形成驻波．设这一横波在x = 0处与已知横波同位相，写出该波的表达式．(2) 写出绳索上的驻波表达式；求出各波节的位置坐标；并写出离原点最近的四个波节的坐标数值.解：(1) 由形成驻波的条件．可知待求波的频率和波长均与已知波相同，传播方向为x 轴的负方向．又知 x = 0处待求波与已知波同相位，∴待求波的表达式为)]405.0(2cos[05.02xt y +π= (2) 驻波表达式 21y y y +=∴ )40cos()21cos(10.0t x y ππ= (SI)波节位置由下式求出． )12(212/+π=πk x k = 0，±1，±2，…∴x = 2k + 1 k = 0，±1，±2，…离原点最近的四个波节的坐标是x = 1 m、-1 m、3 m、-3 m.P208 第九章3. 在双缝干涉实验中，波长＝550 nm的单色平行光垂直入射到缝间距a ＝2×10-4 m的双缝上，屏到双缝的距离D＝2 m．求：(1) 中央明纹两侧的两条第10级明纹中心的间距；(2) 用一厚度为e ＝×10-5m 、折射率为n ＝的玻璃片覆盖一缝后，零级明纹将移到原来的第几级明纹处(1 nm = 10-9m)解：(1)x ＝20 D / a＝0.11 m(2) 覆盖云玻璃后，零级明纹应满足(n －1)e ＋r 1＝r 2设不盖玻璃片时，此点为第k 级明纹，则应有r 2－r 1＝k所以 (n －1)e = k k ＝(n －1) e / ＝≈7 零级明纹移到原第7级明纹处4. 在双缝干涉实验中，用波长＝ (1 nm=10-9 m)的单色光照射，双缝与屏的距离D ＝300 mm ．测得中央明条纹两侧的两个第五级明条纹的间距为12.2 mm ，求双缝间的距离．解：由题给数据可得相邻明条纹之间的距离为∆x ＝ / (2×5)mm ＝1.22 mm由公式 ∆x ＝D / d ，得d ＝D / ∆x ＝0.134 mm5. 在图示的双缝干涉实验中，若用薄玻璃片(折射率n 1＝覆盖缝S 1，用同样厚度的玻璃片(但折射率n 2＝覆盖缝S 2，将使原来未放玻璃时屏上的中央明条纹处O 变为第五级明纹．设单色光波长＝480nm(1nm=10-9m)，求玻璃片的厚度d (可认为光线垂直穿过玻璃片)．解：原来， = r 2－r 1= 0覆盖玻璃后， ＝( r 2 + n 2d – d )－(r 1 + n 1d －d )＝5 ∴ (n 2－n 1)d ＝5S 1 S 2 n 2n 1 r 1r 2d125n n d -=λ= ×10-6 m6. 在双缝干涉实验中，单色光源S 0到两缝S 1和S 2的距离分别为l 1和l 2，并且l 1－l 2＝3，为入射光的波长，双缝之间的距离为d ，双缝到屏幕的距离为D (D >>d )，如图．求：(1) 零级明纹到屏幕中央O 点的距离． (2) 相邻明条纹间的距离．解：(1) 如图，设P 0为零级明纹中心 则 D O P d r r /012≈- (l 2 +r 2) (l 1 +r 1) = 0 ∴ r 2 – r 1 = l 1 – l 2 = 3∴ ()d D d r r D O P /3/120λ=-= (2) 在屏上距O 点为x 处, 光程差 λδ3)/(-≈D dx明纹条件 λδk ±= (k ＝1，2，....)()d D k x k /3λλ+±=在此处令k ＝0，即为(1)的结果．相邻明条纹间距d D x x x k k /1λ=-=+∆7. 用波长为1的单色光垂直照射牛顿环装置时，测得中央暗斑外第1和第4暗环半径之差为l 1，而用未知单色光垂直照射时，测得第1和第4暗环半径之差为l 2，求未知单色光的波长2．解：由牛顿环暗环半径公式 λkR r k =，根据题意可得 11114λλλR R R l =-= 22224λλλR R R l =-=212212//l l =λλ 211222/l l λλ=8. 折射率为的两块标准平面玻璃板之间形成一个劈形膜(劈尖角很小)．用波长＝600 nm (1 nm =10-9 m)的单色光垂直入射，产生等厚干涉屏 d S 2 S 1l 1 S 0 l 2DOP 0 r 1 r 2 Dl 2s 1s 2 d l 1x条纹．假如在劈形膜内充满n =的液体时的相邻明纹间距比劈形膜内是空气时的间距缩小l ＝0.5 mm ，那么劈尖角应是多少解：空气劈形膜时，间距 θλθλ2sin 21≈=n l液体劈形膜时，间距 θλθλn l 2sin 22≈= ()()θλ2//1121n l l l -=-=∆∴ = ( 1 – 1 / n ) / ( 2l )＝×10-4 rad9. 用波长＝500 nm (1 nm ＝10-9 m)的单色光垂直照射在由两块玻璃板(一端刚好接触成为劈棱)构成的空气劈形膜上．劈尖角＝2×10-4 rad ．如果劈形膜内充满折射率为n ＝的液体．求从劈棱数起第五个明条纹在充入液体前后移动的距离．解：设第五个明纹处膜厚为e ，则有2ne ＋ / 2＝5 设该处至劈棱的距离为l ，则有近似关系e ＝l ，由上两式得 2nl ＝9 / 2，l ＝9 / 4n充入液体前第五个明纹位置 l 1＝9 4充入液体后第五个明纹位置 l 2＝9 4n 充入液体前后第五个明纹移动的距离l ＝l 1 – l 2＝9n 4＝1.61 mm10.11.波长为的单色光垂直照射到折射率为n 2的劈形膜上，如图所示，图中n 1＜n 2＜n 3，观察反射光形成的干涉条纹．(1) 从形膜顶部O 开始向右数起，第五条暗纹中心所对应的薄膜厚度e 5是多少(2) 相邻的二明纹所对应的薄膜厚度之差是多少解：∵ n 1＜n 2＜n 3， 二反射光之间没有附加相位差，光程差为= 2n 2 e第五条暗纹中心对应的薄膜厚度为e 5，2n 2 e 5 = (2k - 1)/ 2 k = 5()2254/94/152n n e λλ=-⨯=明纹的条件是 2n 2 e k = k相邻二明纹所对应的膜厚度之差e = e k+1－e k = / (2n 2)n 2n 13Oλ12. 在如图所示的牛顿环装置中，把玻璃平凸透镜和平面玻璃(设玻璃折射率n 1＝之间的空气(n 2＝改换成水(2n '＝，求第k 个暗环半径的相对改变量()k k k r r r /'-．解：在空气中时第k 个暗环半径为 λkR r k = , (n 2 =充水后第k 个暗环半径为2/n kR r k '='λ , (2n ' =干涉环半径的相对变化量为()λλkR n kR r r r kk k 2/11'-='-2/11n '-=＝％13.n 1 n 1P226 第10章3. 用波长= nm(1nm=109m)的平行光垂直照射单缝，缝宽a =0.15 mm ，缝后用凸透镜把衍射光会聚在焦平面上，测得第二级与第三级暗条纹之间的距离为1.7 mm ，求此透镜的焦距． 解：第二级与第三级暗纹之间的距离x = x 3 –x 2≈f / a ．∴ f ≈a x / =400 mm4. 一束单色平行光垂直照射在一单缝上，若其第３级明条纹位置正好与2600nm λ=的单色平行光的第２级明条纹的位置重合．求前一种单色光的波长解：单缝衍射明纹估算式：()sin 21(1,2,3,)b k k θ=±+=⋅⋅⋅根据题意，第二级和第三级明纹分别为22sin 2212b λθ=⨯+（）33sin 2312b λθ=⨯+（）且在同一位置处，则 23sin sin θθ= 解得： 325560042577nm λλ==⨯=5. 某种单色平行光垂直入射在单缝上，单缝宽a = 0.15 mm ．缝后放一个焦距f = 400 mm 的凸透镜，在透镜的焦平面上，测得中央明条纹两侧的两个第三级暗条纹之间的距离为8.0 mm ，求入射光的波长． 解：设第三级暗纹在3方向上，则有a sin 3 = 3此暗纹到中心的距离为 x 3 = f tg 3因为3很小，可认为tg 3≈sin 3，所以x 3≈3f / a ．两侧第三级暗纹的距离是 2 x 3 = 6f / a = 8.0mm∴ = (2x 3) a / 6f= 500 nm6. (1) 在单缝夫琅禾费衍射实验中，垂直入射的光有两种波长，1=400 nm ，=760 nm (1 nm=10-9 m)．已知单缝宽度a =×10-2cm ，透镜焦距f =50 cm ．求两种光第一级衍射明纹中心之间的距离． (2) 若用光栅常数d =×10-3 cm 的光栅替换单缝，其他条件和上一问相同，求两种光第一级主极大之间的距离．解：(1) 由单缝衍射明纹公式可知 ()111231221sin λλϕ=+=k a (取k ＝1 )()222231221sin λλϕ=+=k af x /tg 11=ϕ , f x /tg 22=ϕ由于11tg sin ϕϕ≈ , 22tg sin ϕϕ≈ 所以 a f x /2311λ=a f x /2322λ=则两个第一级明纹之间距为 a f x x x /2312λ∆=-=∆=0.27 cm(2) 由光栅衍射主极大的公式 1111sin λλϕ==k d2221sin λλϕ==k d且有f x /tg sin =≈ϕϕ所以d f x x x /12λ∆=-=∆=1.8 cm7. 一束具有两种波长1和2的平行光垂直照射到一衍射光栅上，测得波长1的第三级主极大衍射角和2的第四级主极大衍射角均为30°．已知1=560 nm (1 nm= 10-9 m)，试求:(1) 光栅常数a ＋b (2) 波长2解：(1) 由光栅衍射主极大公式得 ()1330sin λ=+ b acm 1036.330sin 341-⨯==+λb a (2) ()2430sin λ=+ b a()4204/30sin 2=+= b a λnm8. 以波长400 nm ─760 nm (1 nm ＝10-9 m)的白光垂直照射在光栅上，在它的衍射光谱中，第二级和第三级发生重叠，求第二级光谱被重叠的波长范围．解：令第三级光谱中=400 nm 的光与第二级光谱中波长为的光对应的衍射角都为， 则 d sin =3，d sin =2λ'λ'= (d sin / )2==λ23600nm∴第二级光谱被重叠的波长范围是 600 nm----760 nm9. 钠黄光中包含两个相近的波长1= nm 和2= nm ．用平行的钠黄光垂直入射在每毫米有 600条缝的光栅上，会聚透镜的焦距f =1.00 m ．求在屏幕上形成的第2级光谱中上述两波长1和2的光谱之间的间隔l ．(1 nm =109 m)解：光栅常数 d = (1/600) mm = (106/600) nm =1667 nmlLO1，2G12据光栅公式，1 的第2级谱线 d sin 1 =21sin 1 =21/d = 2×589/1667 =1 =2的第2级谱线 d sin 2 =2sin 2 =22 /d = 2× /1667 =2 =两谱线间隔 l = f (tg 2 －tg 1 )=×103 ( tg －tg ) = 2.04 mm10. 波长600nm λ=的单色光垂直入射到一光栅上，第２、第３级明条纹分别出现在2sin 0.20θ=与3sin 0.30θ=处，且第４级缺级．求：⑴光栅常数；⑵光栅上狭缝的宽度；⑶在屏上实际呈现出的全部级数解：根据光栅方程sin ,d k θλ=（1）则光栅的光栅常数 6322260010610sin 0.20d mmλθ--⨯⨯===⨯（2）由于第4级缺级，4db = 31.5104db mm -==⨯（3）03max 6sin 9061011060010d k λ--⨯⨯===⨯则出现第0,1,2,3,5,6,7,9k =±±±±±±±级条纹，共15条。