管道的水击分析与计算

Water hammer occurred in the pipeline, from the causes of many kinds, but the piping and equipment pose a threat to security, there are two:
输油管道中发生的水击，从产生的原因有许多种，但对管 输油管道中发生的水击，从产生的原因有许多种， 道与设备安全构成威胁的有两种： 道与设备安全构成威胁的有两种：
LOGO
Analysis
stable stream flow: each section of pipe on the liquid flow rate and pressure does not change over time
Closed pipelines across the board as a whole hydraulic system, a pumping station of any changes in pressure and flow rate, pressure and flow across the board are to occur in an instant a considerable degree of pressure fluctuations. 密闭输送管道全线是一个整体水力系统，任何一个泵 站压力与流量的变化，都使全线压力与流量在瞬间发 生相当程度的压力波动
Advanced Protection
• When the monitor to produce water hammer, by the pipeline control center quickly up and downstream pumping station issued a directive on the protection of downstream pumping station to take immediate appropriate action, and produce a water hammer pressure wave coming from the opposite was the disturbance, after two waves meet offset part of the water hammer pressure wave, in order to avoid harm to the pipeline. • 超前保护是在产生水击时，由管道控制中心迅速向上 、下游泵站发出指令，上、下游泵站立即采取相应保 护动作，产生一个与传来得水击压力波相反的扰动， 两波相遇后，抵消部分水击压力波，以避免对管道造 成危害。
LOGO
Pressure relief systems
Pressure Relief System Components
1 1 2
pressure relief valve pressure relief tank connecting pipes
3
Pressure Relief Valve
Relief valves in accordance with the first selection method for the primary relief valve caliber of experience, the parameters of the valve water hammer analysis program for input operations, if the anal-ysis showed that the prote-ctive effect to meet the requ-irements, the selected model and caliber for relief valve 泄放阀选型方法为先按照经验初选泄放阀 口径， 口径，将阀的参数输入水击分析程序进行 运算， 运算，如果分析结果表明保护效果符合要 求，则所选泄放阀型号与口径适合
Purpose
• Study the phenomenon of water hammer impact on the pipeline design to reduce the destructive effects of water hammer, to ensure the normal design life • 学习水击现象对管道设计的影响，削减水 击的破坏作用,保证在设计年限下正常的工 作。
Pipeline water hammer was mainly due to an accident caused by the pipeline system change induced flow. Caused by sudden changes in pipe flow are many factors that can basically be divided into two categories:
（2）干线截断阀或中间泵站因误操作进 ） 站阀门突然关闭，阀前产生高压波。 站阀门突然关闭，阀前产生高压波。
the middle trunk cut-off valve or pump shut down due to misuse of a sudden stop valve, the valve before the pressure wave generated
Control and Protection Facilities
• Pressure relief valve 泄压阀
• Pipeline safety relief valve is to protect important equipment, requires safe and reliable operation, easy maintenance, long life, to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline. • „ù阀 压 护管 设备， 求运 可 ， 维 ， 寿 长， 证管 运 。
（1）中间泵站因为动力中断， 中间泵站因为动力中断， 输油泵突然全部关闭，在停泵站 输油泵突然全部关闭， 进口侧产生高压波，停泵站出口 进口侧产生高压波， 侧产生低压波
Intermediate pumping station because of power interruption, all of a sudden pump shut down, stop pumping at high pressure wave generated import side, stop the export side of the pump produces low pressure wave
4
Calculate
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• Generation
In the drainage system, due to various causes sudden changes in flow rate or flow, resulting in a sharp increase in pipeline pressure instantaneous, forming a huge destructive power to the pipeline system。also called water hammer 。 水击是在压管道中， 水击是在压管道中，液体流速发生急剧 变化所引起的压强大幅度波动， 变化所引起的压强大幅度波动，对管道 形成巨大的破坏力的现象，也叫水锤。 形成巨大的破坏力的现象，也叫水锤。
Methods
• Enhance the pipeline
•Advanced protection
•Discharge protection
Enhance Pipeline
Calculate the maximum water hammer pressure pipeline, using the appropriate strength steel or the manufacturing process to ensure it is in certain conditions to work under water hammer 计算管道的最大水击压力， 计算管道的最大水击压力，采用适当的材料 或制造工艺保证强度， 或制造工艺保证强度，使得在一定的水击下 正常工作
Control and Protection Facilities
Valve 调节阀 • Regulating valve in the piping system is a variable resistance to the closure components, by changing the valve opening, change the operating characteristics of the pipeline system, regulating the flow to achieve, the purpose of changing the pressure • 管 系统 调节阀 种 可变 件， 过改变阀门 开 ，改变管 系统 工 ， 实现调节 、改变压
Discharge Protection
泄放保护是在管道的一定地点安装专用的泄放阀， 泄放保护是在管道的一定地点安装专用的泄放阀， 当出现水击高压波时， 当出现水击高压波时，通过阀门从管道中泄放出 一定数量的液体，从而削弱高压波， 一定数量的液体，从而削弱高压波，防止水击造 成危害。
Location of a pipeline installed in special relief valve, when there is water hammer pressure wave through the vent valve from the pipeline in the release of a certain amount of liquid, thus weakening the pressure wave, to prevent water hammer hazard.
• 对输油管道的水击分析利用专门编 制的计算机程序进行。 制的计算机程序进行。 • Pipeline water hammer analysis of the use of specialized computer programs for the preparaion
Basic data required for analysis
Planned to adjust volume or switch the input process Changes caused by traffic accidents
Protection Methods
The purpose of water hammer protection by preventive measures in advance so that water hammer pressure fluctuations do not exceed the design strength of the pipe and equipment, there does not occur within the pipes of vacuum drying with liquid 水击保护的目的是由事先的预防措施使水击的压力波动 不超过管子与设备的设计强度，不发生管道内出现负压
管道的水击分析与计算
Pipeline Analysis and Calculation of Water Hammer
过控0704 2010.10.02
Table of Contents
1
Generation
2
Analysis and Protection Methods
3
Control and protection facilities
Байду номын сангаасainly Form
Pipeline system open and close in the gate rapidly Pipes pumps shut down suddenly
Turn off the tap room hygiene appliances
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capacity 输送量 properties 原油物性 Pipeline Parameters 管道参数 Equipment layout sketch 设备布置简图 Equipment features 设备特征 Design for a given value 设计给定值 Choice of protection 选择水击的保护方式