英语构词法汇总及练习
英语构词法总结与练习
英语构词法总结与练习a合成法(1)合成是将两个或多个单词合成为一个单词。
复合词在英语中更活跃。
复合形容词很常见。
其中大多数用作定语,有些用作预测词;作为主语或宾语的复合名词;复合动词作谓语;作为状语的复合副词。
quick-servicecounter快餐部,airsick晕飞机,air-dropped空投,warm-heartedly热情地,sightseeing游览观光,cross-roads十字路口(2)合成形容词的构成方法如下:① 形容词/数字+名词+高尚、脾气好、热心、冷血、三条腿、独眼②形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的,fine-sounding动听的,easy-going香/臭,便宜③副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的,far-reaching深远的ever-lastingrapidlycincreasinglong-sufferingnever-ending④名词/代词+现在分词:peace-loving热爱和平的,english-speakingmatch/flower-sellingflesh-eatingrecord-breakingself-lockingtime/gas-savingman-killing⑤名词+过去分词state-owned国有的,heartfelt由衷的self-taughtsnow-covered⑥ 副词+过去分词widely-usednewly-builtbadlycmanagedover-fed⑦ 形容词/数字+名词大型高级二手长距离高速活动耳机⑧ 名词+形容词duty-free免税的,airsick晕飞机的ice-coldhome-sick⑨另外还有其他方式构成的合成词,如:(3)合成名词的常见形式有:① 名词+名词silkworm蚕,bloodtest验血safetybelt,chinatown,trafficlight,shoelaceclassroom② 形容词+名词double-dealer两面派,shorthand速记③v-ing+名词候诊室,安眠药④ 动词+名词pickpocket扒手,break-water防水堤⑤名词+动名词笔迹书法⑥ 动词+副词get-together联欢会,break-through突破breakdowntake-offcheckcup⑦副词+动词⑨ 此外,许多副词和代词也是复合词,例如:maybe也许forever永远whole-hearted全心合意的myself我自己everything一切whatever不管什么moreover而且however但是nevertheless尽管如此B变换法:在不增加任何成分或改变词形的情况下,将一个词从一个词性转换为另一个词性的方法法叫转化法。
构词法习题以及答案
构词法习题以及答案构词法习题以及答案构词法是语言学中研究词汇构成和形态变化规律的学科。
它探讨了词根、前缀、后缀等构词成分的组合方式,以及这些构词成分在不同语境中的变化和意义。
构词法习题是帮助学习者巩固和拓展自己构词能力的重要工具。
下面,我们来看一些构词法习题以及答案。
习题一:根据下列词根和后缀,构造合适的词汇。
1. 词根:tele- 后缀:-vision答案:television(电视)2. 词根:bio- 后缀:-graphy答案:biography(传记)3. 词根:photo- 后缀:-graph答案:photograph(照片)4. 词根:auto- 后缀:-mobile答案:automobile(汽车)5. 词根:micro- 后缀:-scope答案:microscope(显微镜)习题二:根据下列词根和前缀,构造合适的词汇。
1. 词根:cycle- 前缀:re-答案:recycle(回收)2. 词根:play- 前缀:dis-答案:display(展示)3. 词根:use- 前缀:mis-答案:misuse(滥用)4. 词根:lead- 前缀:un-答案:unleaded(无铅的)5. 词根:do- 前缀:over-答案:overdo(过度)习题三:根据下列词根和词根,构造合适的词汇。
1. 词根:bio- 词根:graphy答案:biography(传记)2. 词根:tele- 词根:phone答案:telephone(电话)3. 词根:photo- 词根:graph答案:photograph(照片)4. 词根:auto- 词根:mobile答案:automobile(汽车)5. 词根:micro- 词根:scope答案:microscope(显微镜)通过以上的构词法习题,我们可以锻炼和巩固自己对构词法的理解和应用能力。
构词法不仅是语言学的一个分支,也是我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
(完整版)构词法练习及其答案
高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式:1. 直接写在一起。
2. 用连字符(—)连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成。
话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音-记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3。
名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。
如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。
1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A。
care B. carefulC. careless Dcarelessness2。
The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。
A。
die B. dead C。
died D。
death3。
The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B。
sadness C. sadly D。
sad4。
He is an expert at chemistry。
We all call him a ________。
英语八大构词法及举例
英语八大构词法及举例文章一:英语八大构词法及举例英语是一种十分复杂的语言,同时也是构词能力最为强大的语言之一,它的构词能力源于其采用的不同构词法。
构词法是指语言使用何种方式构成词汇,英语语言中共有八种构词法,如下:1. 仿形构词法:是语言中最古老的构词形式,它以类似的音节相互组合形成新的词汇,是最常见的构词方式,如:rain(雨)→rainy (多雨的);man(男人)→manly(男子气的)。
2. 合成构词法:是将两个或两个以上的词组合成一个词的构词方式,构成的新词有其独立的语义,如:book(书)+case(箱子)→bookcase(书柜); white+board→whiteboard(白板)。
3. 转换构词法:也叫转型构词法,即将原有单词的词性转换为其他词性来构成新词,如:teach(教)→teacher(教师);night (夜晚)→nightly(每晚的)。
4. 派生构词法:即从原有单词当中分离出一个或几个词根,再根据特殊的语法规则加以构成新的词,如:happy(快乐的)→happiness(快乐);beauty(美丽)→beautiful(美丽的)。
5. 后缀构词法:是将某一个后缀添加到一个单词的尾部,从而构成新的词,如:dark(黑暗)→darken(变暗);happy(快乐)→happiness(快乐)。
6. 前缀构词法:是将某一个前缀加到原有单词的首部,从而构成新的词,如:happy(快乐)→unhappy(不快乐);legal(合法的)→illegal(非法的)。
7. 借词构词法:是指借用他语中的词汇作为英语词汇的来源,如:Alps(阿尔卑斯山)→kaiser(凯撒,皇帝);science(科学)→borracho(醉鬼);cafe(咖啡馆)→tortilla(玉米饼)。
8. 固定结构构词法:是指某些特定的词汇结构,如:is+形容词+enough(够)→enough(够);do+动词+the+形容词+way(方式)→dothe+形容词+way(以…方式做)。
高中英语构词法专题复习(含有习题和答案)
高中英语构词法专题复习(含有习题和答案)1.I wrote him a letter to show my________(appreciate)of his thoughtfulness.2.The first tomb was built at the_____(begin)of the15th century.3.Painting is a______(create)process.4.For our homework tonight,we have to write a_____(describe)of the street where we live.5.The_____(discover)of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich.6.I’d just like to____(emphasis)how important itis for people to learn foreign languages.7.My grandfather is as__(energy)as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all.8.The first lesson was very_______(enjoy)----Iliked it a lot!9.These discoveries proved the______(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between700,000and200,000years ago.10.A smile is the universal___________(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease.11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being________________(fashion).12.The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will_______(hope)have been solved by the end of next week.13.The accused man proved his__________(innocent)of the crime.14.The government’s new scheme is designed to help the_________(job).15.The days start to__________(long)in March.16.__________(Luck),Peter didn’t get the job.17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from _________(lonely)18.Stop your______________(mean)chatter,boys. You are wasting time.19.How lucky he was!He won the lottery(彩票)and now he is a__________(million).20.They had the___________(fortune)to be hit bya violent storm.21.He lives in a__________(mountain)district,where traffic is extremely inconvenient.22.I am so full that I couldn’t eat another____________(mouth).23.We must pay special attention to the___________(mystery)stranger.24.Try to act____________(nature),even if you are tense.25.Public spending___________(necessary)affects the economy.26.After the race,I felt my heart beating___________(violence).27.The baby was sleeping__________(peace).28.He showed us___________(person)around the factory.29.It gives me great_________(please)to welcome our speaker.30._________(Polite)costs nothing and gains everything.31.The____________(popular)of professionalsports has been increasing steadily.32.You’ll have a____________(profession) photographer with you to take photographs.33.She has the right____________(qualify)for the job.rge___________(quantity)of fish have been caught.35.We shouldn’t have__________(race) discrimination.36.The price of this dress is____________(reason).I can’t afford it.37.Easter is an important__________(region)and social festival in Christian countries.38.It goes without________(say)that the proposal will be accepted.39.I left eleven years later,with my school leaving certificate,and a_(scholar)to study at Oxford.40.During_________(science)experiments,she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.41.There is no__________(similar)between Tom andme.42.His bad behavior cost his mother many__________(sleep)nights.43.Anger left him__________(speech).44.It was a race against time to stop people dying from___________(starve).45.Difficulties__________(strong)the mind,as labor does the body.46.A positive outlook is vital to dealing_________(success)with the crisis in adolescence and old age in our life.47.It is a colorless,odorless and________(taste) gas,slightly heavier than air.48.He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed ________(true)sorry.49.This wounded soldier was___________(conscious) from his loss of blood50.It's_________(believe)that the event repeated itself years later in the same place.51.Overpopulation is a________(universe)problem.52.More and more people choose to shop in asupermarket as it offers a great___(vary)of goods.53.The_______(arrive)of migrant workers into the capital had seen Beijing’s population reach17.4 million.54..Besides,many newspapers are printed daily and can offer the readers__(rely)information.55.Girls make up only a small_____(percent)of students in computer science classes.56.I live in Hollywood.You may think people in such an________(attract),fun-filled place are happier than others.Maybe that is because you haven’t noticed the_________(happy)they’ve concealed from you.57.Ma also accepted a pair of pandas from China.In 2006,Taipei Zoo applied(申请)to host the pandas, Tuantuan and Yuanyuan,from the mainland.But the Taiwan government didn't allowtheir____________(apply).58.Firstly,it_________(able)the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promote___________(friend)and mutual understanding.59.Loss and___(separate)are often what you findbehind a child acting out in school.60.By saving money,people give themselves more__________(secure).61.Star sapphires and other___________(value) jewels worth a total of one million dollars are on show behind glass.62..If time could be turned back,allow me to take you back to December26,2004.___________(tradition),it is a time for family gathering,a time for___________(celebrate).63.Because of the__________(popular)of TV and computers,they are getting much less exercise than before.64.“I would have no_________(object),”said the wolf,“if I could only get a place.”65.Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading________(able).65.An ounce of luck is better than a poundof__________(wise).66.Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging ___________(behave)of30dogs,catching theirresponses to a range of stimuli(刺激物)with video cameras.67.Another_______________(convenience)feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age, and knowledge.68.Health problems are________(close)connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.69.You may_______(like)some types of food because they do not look,smell or taste very nice.70.What is more,it is true that computers can make________(decide),but they need detailed instructions and programs prepared by humans to operate.71.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused on race,________(equal)and social justice,the themesof the book.72.As I lined up for the start I glanced at the flag.It moved______(gentle)now.73.Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability(能力).They feel________(hope)about it.74.An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life ismore_________(harmony)than it has ever been in the past.75.The____________(inform)gained helped up in determining where special attention should be paid in our course.76.In the following account,she recalls the job that challenged her___________(imagine))and skill but left her flying high.77.A thousand words will not leave so deep an ___________(impress)as one deed.78.And I included only those books over a hundred pages in_________(long).79.Keep your eyes wide openbefore____________(marry),and half shut afterwards.80.Reading comprehension can’t be____(dependent)from the knowledge of writing.81.______________(music)often called him Pops,asa sign of respect for his influence(影响)on the worldof music.82.The northern city of Turin passed a law in Aprilto give pet________(own)fines of up to$598if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.83.So far,scientists have named about1.8million living species(物种),and that’s just a small numberof what___________(probable)exists on Earth.84.Men can do nothing withoutits____________(permit),and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.85.The best__________(prepare)for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.86.He answered me____________(rude)and said he would not come back.87.As his university was aware of the_________(significant)of his work,they gave him free time to do this research.88.Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian and __(Spain)culture and art can be seen.89.The best time to visit NZ is from November toApril---summer time in the________(south)hemisphere.90.Jo went to New York and became__________(succeed)in her writing and had the____________(satisfy)of seeing her work published there.91._________(like)other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program,at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program!92.The smell is,as usual,almost_________(bear), being a mixture of sweat,seal oil fat,and dirty underwear.构词法练习1(易)自查答案:1.appreciation2.beginning3.creative4. description5.discovery6.emphasize7.energetic8.enjoyable9.existence10.facial11.fashionable12.hopefully13.innocence14. jobless15.lengthen16.unluckily17.loneliness18.meaningless19. millionaire20.misfortune21.mountainous22.mouthful23.mysterious24.naturally25.necessarily26.violently 27.peacefully28.personally29.pleasure30.Politeness31.popularity32.professional33. qualification34.quantities35.racial36.unreasonable37. religious38.saying39.scholarship40.scientific41.similarity42. sleepless43.speechless44.starvation45.strengthen46.successfully47. tasteless48.truly49.unconscious50.unbelievable51.universal52. variety53.arrival54.reliable55.Percentage56.attractive/ happiness57.applications58.enables/friendship59.separation60.security 61.valuable62.Traditionally/celebrations63. popularity64.objection/ability65.wisdom66.behaviour67.convenient68.closely 69.dislike70.decisions71.equality72.gently73. rmation76.imagination 77.impression78.length79.marriage80.independent81.Musicians82.owners83.probably 84.permission85.preparation86.rudely87.significance88.Spanish89.southern90.successful 91.Unlike92.unbearable练习2Ⅰ.单项填空1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child,sohis________is heavier than Mount Tai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him aA.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5.The three-________chair isn’t suitable for ayoung child.He may fall off.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer inthe world.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.To everyone’s________,the girl finished the jobquite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfying9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A.600words;a600-wordsB.600-word;a600-wordsC.600words;a600-wordD.600words;a600-words10.No one should enter the spot withoutthe________of the police.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.You must come with us to the police________.Ourhead is waiting for you.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;youdid it________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests witha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The________ordered him to pay a$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what isthe________news about Iraq War?telytesttertter16.The Great Wall is more than6000liin________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.To my________,I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canada is mainly an________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________he is!He is always acting________.Heis really a________.A.foolish;foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;foolC.foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.There were________fish in the river in South America.A.in dangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.The letter“b”in the word“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.The child looked at me________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and foughtfor their________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.What you said sounded________but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.We have to learn________technology from other countries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.The children live in a village________.They come here almost every day.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.near by28.Mr Black is an________in the army,notan________in the government.You can not easily find himin his________.A.official;officer;officeB.officer;office;officialC.official;official;officialD.officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.It sounds like a good plan,but there aresome________difficulties in carrying it out.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.His father possesses a________factory,which doesmost of the pollution to this river.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some________reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.It’s________to persuade him to give up smoking.He’s very stubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dan caught two________birds in the wood last weekand they are still________in the cage.A.alive;liveB.live;liveC.live;aliveD.alive;alive36.The doctor said that the old man’s conditionwas________and that they had tried their best.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Ann felt so________that she could hardly open hereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.We stood there________at the________sight.A.frightened;frightfulB.frightening;frightfulC.fright;frighteningD.frightful;fright39.The doctor’s advice________him from drinkingand smoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged[参考答案]1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB 16-20BAAAB21-25CBBCA26-30DADBA31-35BBCCC36-39 DAAD。
(2021年整理)初中英语构词法汇总及练习
(完整版)初中英语构词法汇总及练习编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望((完整版)初中英语构词法汇总及练习)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为(完整版)初中英语构词法汇总及练习的全部内容。
(完整版)初中英语构词法汇总及练习编辑整理:张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是我们任然希望(完整版)初中英语构词法汇总及练习这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力.本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为 <(完整版)初中英语构词法汇总及练习〉这篇文档的全部内容。
初中英语构词法汇总及练习一。
概念英语的构词法主要有二.相关知识点精讲英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法.1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如:① Let’s go out for a walk。
______________________________②He is a man of strong build.______________________________2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
高中英语构词法大全(含单词示例)
高中英语构词法大全(含单词示例)学习构词法基础知识是非常有好处的,它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词,以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量,短期内记住更多的单词,对于考试中一些词形转换的题也非常有帮助。
英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
(文末加小编微信可获取电子打印版)一. 转化法在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try.让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了?6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。
构词法(转换法,合成法,派生法)定义和实例
十、构词法英语主要有三种构词法,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
(一)转化法把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种的方法称作转化法。
1.由名词转化成动词,例如:care n.照顾,当心------ v. 关心,担心,照顾cook n.炊事员------v. 烹调water n.水------v. 浇水2.由形容词转化成动词,例如:empty adj.空的------v. 使空、变空free adj. 自由的------v. 使自由right adj. 正确的------v. 改正warm adj. 温暖的------v. 热起来;使温暖wet adj. 潮湿的------v. 使潮湿3.由形容词转化成名词,例如:right adj. 正确的------n. 正确,正义,公正wrong adj错误的------n. 错误4.有一些同形异类的双音节词,作动词时重音在后,作名词时重音在前,例如: record v. [ri’k C:d] 记录,录音;record n. [’r ek C:d] 记录,唱片有个别词,作形容词时重音在前,作动词时重音在后,例如:perfect adj. [’p∂:f ikt] 完美的;perfect v. [p∂’fekt] 使完善5.有些词,因词尾有清辅音和浊辅音的差别而属不同词类。
一般说来,词尾发清辅音的多为名词,发浊辅音的多为动词。
词尾读音不同,拼法也常不一样。
但s和th既可读作清辅音,又可读作浊辅音,因而有时没有拼法的变化。
例如:advice [∂d’vais] n. ; advise [∂d’vaiz] v.excuse [iks’kju:s] n. ; excuse [iks’kju:z] v.use [ju:s] ; use [ju:z] v.个别词拼法稍有差别,但读音相同,例如:practice n.; practise v.还有一些词在转变为另一词类时,元音和拼法同时发生变化,例如:food [fu:d]食物n. ; feed[fi:d]喂养,给以食物v.有些词既可作形容词又可作动词,词形不变而读音不同,例如:live adj. [laiv]活的,活泼的; v. [liv] 活着,生活(二)合成法两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词的方法称作合成法。
英语构词法讲解及练习
名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时,测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀: un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
-ed surprised, balanced, talented -ing interesting, outstanding
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词:
(完整word版)英语构词法详解及练习.doc
高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位,如:Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。
如:We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如:Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
(完整版)高中英语构词法
英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成法、派生法和转化法。
1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词,叫做合成词。
(1)合成形容词①名词+现在分词例:English-speaking 讲英语的,south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例:man-made 人造的,water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例:snow-white 雪白的,day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例:warm-hearted 热情的,kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例:good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例:well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛)深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例:right-hand 右手的,full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例:100-meter 100米的,million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例:180-foot-high 180英寸高的,10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例:four-footed/legged 四脚的,one-eyed 独眼龙的(2)合成名词①名词+名词例:weekend 周末,classroom 教室,bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例:gentleman 绅士,loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例:typewriter 打字机,cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例:daybreak 破晓,toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例:reading-room 阅览室,sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例:outbreak 爆发,downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例:handwriting 笔迹,sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例:mother-in-law 岳母,brother-in-law 姐夫(3)合成动词①副词+动词例:overthrow 推翻,understand 理解②形容词+动词例:broadcast 广播,whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例:typewrite 打字,sleepwalk 梦游(4)合成副词①介词+名词例:underfoot 脚下,beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例:hotfoot 匆忙地,someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例:anywhere 任何地方,outwards 向外、(5)合成介词:within在……之内,without没有,inside在……里边,into进入(6)合成代词:myself我自己,ourselves我们自己,anyone任何人,nobody没有人nothing 没东西,somebody有人。
七种构词法及例子
七种构词法及例子一、前缀构词法:前缀构词法是指通过在词根前面加上一个前缀来构成新的词语。
下面是七个例子:1. 重新:表示重新做某事。
例如:重新开始、重新设计。
2. 非:表示否定或相反的意思。
例如:非法、非凡。
3. 反:表示相反的意思。
例如:反对、反弹。
4. 同:表示相同或一起的意思。
例如:同学、同步。
5. 超:表示超过的意思。
例如:超市、超速。
6. 多:表示多个的意思。
例如:多功能、多余。
7. 不:表示否定的意思。
例如:不同、不幸。
二、后缀构词法:后缀构词法是指通过在词根后面加上一个后缀来构成新的词语。
下面是七个例子:1. 化:表示使变成某种状态。
例如:化妆、变化。
2. 人:表示某种身份或职业。
例如:警察、医生。
3. 性:表示某种性质或特征。
例如:性格、个性。
4. 主义:表示某种思想或信仰。
例如:社会主义、共产主义。
5. 区:表示某个地区或范围。
例如:城区、禁区。
6. 家:表示某个家庭或机构。
例如:家庭、公司。
7. 学:表示某种学科或学习的意思。
例如:数学、学习。
三、合成构词法:合成构词法是指通过将两个或多个词根结合在一起形成新的词语。
下面是七个例子:1. 电脑:由“电”和“脑”两个词根组成,表示一种用电做计算的机器。
2. 高速:由“高”和“速”两个词根组成,表示速度很快的意思。
3. 机器人:由“机器”和“人”两个词根组成,表示一种能够模仿人类行为的机器。
4. 电话:由“电”和“话”两个词根组成,表示通过电线传递声音的通信工具。
5. 自行车:由“自行”和“车”两个词根组成,表示人力驱动的两轮交通工具。
6. 火车:由“火”和“车”两个词根组成,表示以蒸汽或电力为动力的铁路交通工具。
7. 地球:由“地”和“球”两个词根组成,表示地球这个星球。
四、转化构词法:转化构词法是指通过改变词性或词类的方式构成新的词语。
下面是七个例子:1. 打:从动词转化为名词,表示击打的动作或声音。
例如:一打、拳打脚踢。
2. 红:从形容词转化为名词,表示红色。
英语高考考点---名词的构词法及练习(有答案)
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习(附答案)构成名词常用的后缀(共有15种方法)1. --- ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾,该y为i再加nesshappy(快乐的)----happiness(快乐)clever(聪明的)---- cleverness(聪明)kind(善良的)----kindness(善良) polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)2. ---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ityReal(真实的)----reality(现实) popular(受欢迎的)-----popularity(受欢迎)pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净) Possible(可能的)---- possibility(可能)probable(大概)---- probability(大概的)3.---ence e nt结尾的形容词变成名词改为enceabsent(缺席的)---- absence(缺席) different (不同的)-------difference(不同)excellent(优秀的)-----excellence(优秀) patient(耐心的)----- patience(耐心)4.--- ance/ancy带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀。
例如:distant(遥远的)--distance(远处) important(重要的)---- importance(重要)accept(接受)---acceptance(接受)disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)5.---ment 动词+ment变成名词develop(发展)---development(发展) enjoy(喜爱)----enjoyment(喜爱)amaze(使惊奇)-----amazement(惊奇) excite(使激动)----excitement(激动)argue(争论)---argument(争论) judge(判断)----judgment(判决)6.--- ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词collect(收集)----collection(收集) select(选择)----selection(选择)act(行动)----action(行动) inspect(检查)----inspection(检查)7.---ion 以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时,可以直接在其后加-ionexpress(表达)----expression(表达) Discuss(讨论)------discussion(讨论)impress(使.....留下印象)-----impression(印象)8 .ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时,应该去掉不发音的e再加ioneducate(教育)----education(教育) liberate(解放)--- liberation(解放)translate(翻译) - translation(翻译) graduate(毕业)-----graduation(毕业)9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时,通常的做法是先将e改成a然后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei 会使这个词读起来上口)admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕) recite(背诵)----- recitation(背诵)prepare(准备)----preparation(准备) invite(邀请)-----invitation(邀请)10 ---sion以de结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,去掉字母组合de再加上siondecide(决定)----decision((决定) divide(分开)-----division(分开)provide(提供)----provision(提供) conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)11. ---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,先将词尾t,然后再加-ssionadmit(准许)----admission(入场费)permit(许可)----permission(允许)12. ---hoodchild(孩子)----childhood(孩童时期) neighbour(邻居)----neighbourhood(邻居关系)mother(母亲)----motherhood(母亲的身份) brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系) 13.---shipfriend(朋友)---friendship(友谊) relation(关系)--relationship(关系)scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者) citizen(公民)-----citizenship(公民身份)14.---ingfeel(感到,摸)---feeling(感觉) build(建设)---building(建筑物)meet(集合)-----meeting(会议) hear(听)----hearing(听力)15.---thdeep(深的)----depth(深度) wide(宽的)----width(宽度)long(长的)----length(长度) strong(强大的)----strength(力量,强度)一、将下列动词转换为名词。
(2021年整理)英语构词法讲解及专项练习
英语构词法讲解及专项练习编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(英语构词法讲解及专项练习)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为英语构词法讲解及专项练习的全部内容。
构词法Word Formation在英语中,词的构成方式主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式:1. 直接写在一起. 2。
用连字符(—)连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成.(1) 合成形容词(2)合成动词(3)合成名词(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something,anything,二、派生 Derivation 前缀后缀注意: -ese, —ian, —ist 既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词.-er 构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。
三、转化 Conversion:指一个词不变化词形,而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。
1。
名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝--饮料,record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的-—使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领语法填空之构词法专项练习1。
The soldier died for saving the child,so his________(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long).3. How________ (fool) he is!4。
英语构词法(3法)
英语构词法英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成法、派生法和转化法。
1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词,叫做合成词。
(1)合成形容词①名词+现在分词例:English-speaking 讲英语的,south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例:man-made 人造的,water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例:snow-white 雪白的,day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例:warm-hearted 热情的,kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例:good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例:well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛)深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例:right-hand 右手的,full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例:100-meter 100米的,million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例:180-foot-high 180英寸高的,10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例:four-footed/legged 四脚的,one-eyed 独眼龙的(2)合成名词①名词+名词例:weekend 周末,classroom 教室,bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例:gentleman 绅士,loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例:typewriter 打字机,cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例:daybreak 破晓,toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例:reading-room 阅览室,sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例:outbreak 爆发,downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例:handwriting 笔迹,sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例:mother-in-law 岳母,brother-in-law 姐夫(3)合成动词①副词+动词例:overthrow 推翻,understand 理解②形容词+动词例:broadcast 广播,whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例:typewrite 打字,sleepwalk 梦游(4)合成副词①介词+名词例:underfoot 脚下,beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例:hotfoot 匆忙地,someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例:anywhere 任何地方,outwards 向外(5)合成介词:within在……之内,without没有,inside在……里边,into进入(6)合成代词:myself我自己,ourselves我们自己,anyone任何人,nobody没有人nothing 没东西,somebody有人。
英语必修五构词法练习题
英语必修五构词法练习题英语构词法是学习英语词汇的重要工具之一,它能帮助我们更好地理解和记忆单词。
以下是一些英语必修五构词法的练习题,供学生练习使用。
一、前缀和后缀练习1. 给下列单词添加适当的前缀或后缀,使其成为新词,并解释新词的含义。
- happy → _unhappy_(不快乐的)- possible → _impossible_(不可能的)- agree → _disagree_(不同意)2. 将下列单词的前缀或后缀去掉,解释原词的含义。
- unhappy → _happy_(快乐的)- impossible → _possible_(可能的)- disagree → _agree_(同意)3. 根据所给的词根和前缀或后缀,构造新词。
- "act" + "ive" → _active_(积极的)- "un" + "usual" → _unusual_(不寻常的)- "re" + "build" → _rebuild_(重建)二、合成词练习1. 将下列单词组合成合成词,并解释其含义。
- sun + rise → _sunrise_(日出)- class + room → _classroom_(教室)- full + time → _full-time_(全职的)2. 给下列合成词添加适当的前缀或后缀,使其成为新词,并解释新词的含义。
- sunrise → _sunset_(日落)- classroom → _classroom-based_(基于教室的)- full-time → _part-time_(兼职的)三、派生词练习1. 给下列单词添加派生词后缀,使其成为名词或形容词。
- act → _action_(行动)- believe → _belief_(信念)- organize → _organization_(组织)2. 将下列派生词还原成原词,并解释其含义。
初中英语构词法简单梳理及练习
agree v.同意 →agreement n. 同意,一致, 协议
argue v. 争论,辩论argument n. 争吵;论据
16) 形容词 + ity →名词 able adj. 能够的 →ability n.能力,才能
possible adj.可能的→possibility n. 可能性 real adj. 真的,真实的 →reality n. 现实,实际,真实
)男警察(
)主席(
)渔夫(
),
Postman( ),英国人(
),loudspeaker(
),
地铁(
),man-made(
),handwriting(
),
早餐(
),飞鱼(
),output (
),
kind-hearted(
),hand-made( ),
color-blind(
), good-looking(
)
意大利人(
)俄国人(
)
西方的(
)东南的(
)
健忘的(
),美妙的(
)多彩的(
)
foolish(
), childish(
), British(
)
, bookish(
),运气好的(
) 喧闹的
(
)careless(
)
, homeless(
)useless(
)
serious(
), (
)著名的, 危险的(
different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之处
注意:形容词---名词
important--importance
合成法:
人教版英语高中三年级应知应会构词法汇总,配例句说明
人教版英语高中三年级应知应会构词法汇总,配例句说明本文收集了人教版英语高中三年级应知应会的三种构词法,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
同时,精选典型例子例句来说明,希望能够帮助到需要的同学。
第一种合成法由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词。
合成词一般看其词,知其意。
1. 合成名词●名词/代词+名词newspaper blood-test she-wolf ●动词+名词typewriter pickpocket daybreak●形容词+名词greenhouse highway●副词+名词overcoat outside●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词handwriting reading-room freezing-point●动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome●名词+介词+名词sister-in-law editor-in-chief2. 合成形容词●名词+形容词/形容词+名词world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term●副词+形容词over-anxious evergreen●名词+过去分词man-made sun-burnt●名词+现在分词peace-loving English-speaking ●形容词+现在分词good-looking easy-going●副词+过去分词well-informed widespread●副词+现在分词hardworking far-reaching●形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted absent-minded●数词+名词+ed three-legged ten-storied●数词+名词one-way five–star●数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old 800-meter-long●名词+to+名词face –to-face door - to -door3. 合成动词●名词+动词baby-sit sleepwalk●副词+动词outnumber underestimate overwork●形容词+动词whitewash4. 合成副词●形容词+名词meanwhile anyway●形容词+副词everywhere anyhow●副词+副词however●介词+名词beforehand overhead●介词+副词forever5. 合成代词●代词宾格+self/selves herself themselves●物主代词+self/selves myself yourselves●形容词+名词anything nothing6. 合成介词●副词+名词inside outside●介词+副词without within●副词+介词into第二种转化法在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
高中英语基本构词法及练习题
英语构词法中的派生法派生法:在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性(除少数前缀外);后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
(1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有: dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。
disable disadvantage disagreedisappeardisapprove disclose discolourdisconnectdiscontinuous discontinue discountdiscouragedisorderillegal impossible inaccurateinactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredibleincurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregularirremovable irrespectiveirresponsiblemisfortune misguide midinterpretmislead misread mistrust misunderstand misusenonmetal noncooperation noninvolvementunable unacceptable unaware unbalanceunbreakable uncertain unchangeableuncomfortable undecided unemployedundetermined undeveloped unearthuneconomicalunfold unpack untie(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:a.前缀 antianti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese Warb.前缀 autoautobiography autographyc.前缀 bi-bicentury bilinguald.前缀 coco-operation coauthor coheire.前缀dedeform degrade devaluef.前缀 en- emenable encourage endangerenlarge enrich embitterg. 前缀 exex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wifeh.前缀 mid-midday midnight midterm mid-agedi.前缀 multi-multiform multilingual multimedia multipurposej. 21. 前缀 over-overcrowded overwork overload overproduceoverlook overcomek. 22.前缀 pre-prewar prehistoric prepaypreconditionl.前缀 re-rewrite review recyclem.前缀 vice-vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premier vice-president二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
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英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如:①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如:①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如:Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。
例如:You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
1)前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
例如:appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。
例如:alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy使高兴internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁telephone电话2)后缀英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。
后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一……),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。
例如:differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演员mouth口→mouthful一口music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。
例如:wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。
例如:nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
例如:angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towards朝……,向……east东方→eastward向东(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。
例如:six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十3.合成法1)合成名词名词+名词weekend周末名词+动词daybreak黎明名词+动名词handwriting书法名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑代词+名词she-wolf母狼动词+名词typewriter打字机动名词+名词reading-room阅览室现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼形容词+名词gentleman绅士副词+动词outbreak爆发介词+名词afternoon下午2)合成形容词名词+形容词snow-white雪白的名词+现在分词English-speaking讲英语的名词+to+名词face-to-face面对面的名词+过去分词man-made人造的数词+名词one-way单行的数词+名词+形容词two-year-old两岁的数词+名词+ed five-storeyed五层的动词+副词see-through透明的形容词+名词high-class高级的形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的形容词+现在分词good-looking相貌好看的副词+形容词ever-green常青的副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的副词+过去分词well-known著名的副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的介词+名词downhill下坡的3)合成动词名词+动词sleep-walk梦游形容词+动词white-wash粉刷副词+动词overthrow推翻4)合成副词形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词+副词everywhere到处副词+副词however尽管如此介词+名词beforehand事先介词+副词forever永远5)合成代词代词宾格+self herself她自己物主代词+self myself我自己形容词+名词anything任何东西6)合成介词副词+名词inside在……里面介词+副词within在……之内副词+介词into进入4.截短法(缩略法)截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头telephone→phoneaeroplane→planeomnibus→bus2)去尾mathematics→maths co-operate→co-op examination→exam kilogram→kilo laboratory→lab taxicab→taxi3)截头去尾influenza→flurefrigerator→fridgeprescription→script5.混合法(混成法)混合法,即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。
后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播television broadcast→telecast电视播送smoke and fog→smog烟雾helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。
读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人;大人物television→TV (读字母音)电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福三.巩固练习1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at hisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A.600 words;a 600-wordsB.600-word;a 600-wordsC.600 words;a 600-wordD.600 words;a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?telytesttertter16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.To my ________,I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canada is mainly an________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.A.foolish;foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;foolC.foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool20.The necklace that she lo st is very expensive.It’s of great ________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.There were________fish in the river in South America.A.in dangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.The child looked at me________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.We have to learn________technology from other countries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.near by28.Mr Black is an ________in the army,not an________in the government.You can not easily find him inhis________.A.official;officer;officeB.officer;office;officialC.official;official;officialD.officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest[参考答案]1-5 BDACB6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB。