2017新四级翻译讲解

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2017年6月四级翻译真题解析

2017年6月四级翻译真题解析作者：纪军来源：《新东方英语》2017年第10期自2013年12月改革以来，大学英语四、六级考试的汉译英部分始终围绕中国的历史、文化、经济、社会等主题。

在2016年12月的四级考试中，三套真题的汉译英题目为平行题目，分别以红、白、黄这三种颜色及其在中国传统文化中的象征意义为主题。

今年6月，四级考试的汉译英部分延续了这种平行题目的考查方式，分别以长江、珠江和黄河这三条我国最重要的河流为主题。

对于熟悉我国地理及国情的考生来说，今年四级翻译题目的难度并不算大。

考生只要熟悉相关词汇并能合理运用一些基本的翻译方法，就能取得较好的分数。

本文笔者将详细解析今年6月四级翻译的三道题目，并给出三道题目的参考译文。

题目一：①长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。

②长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

③长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。

④长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。

⑤长江三角洲（delta）产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。

⑥几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。

⑦长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

解析：第一句为简单句，相应地，考生可以将其译为“主—系—表”结构的英文简单句，原文中的顿号可以用英语连词and替换。

“长江”的正确英文表达是The Yangtze River，考生最好不要將其译为Long River。

另外，由于“长江”的英文名中已包含river一词，考生在翻译时可以在该句的后半部分省略river。

对于“第三长的河流”，正确的英文表达为the third longest river，类似的表达在2015年6月曾经考过，即“第二大经济体”（the second largest economy）。

第二句共有三个动词：“流经”“是”和“灌溉”。

考生可以选用“是”作为主句的谓语动词，将“流经”处理为定语从句的谓语动词。

2017年6月英语四级翻译技巧：定语的翻译

* 定语的翻译前置定语：使⽤形容词或分词短语做定语，放在所修饰名词的前⾯。

例.【试题原句】茶是世界上最流⾏的饮料(beverage)之⼀。

(2013年12⽉四级真题) 【参考译⽂】Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. 【考点分析】原⽂中“最流⾏的”为定语，修饰名词“饮料(beverage)”，翻译时，可按照原⽂的顺序将其译为“the most popular”，置于所修饰的名词“饮料(beverage)之前。

因此，在遇到单个形容词做定语的情况时，可以考虑将其处理为前置定语。

后置定语：使⽤不定式、分词短语或介词短语做定语，置于所修饰词的后⾯。

例1.【试题原句】随着技术和安全措施的改进，发⽣核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低限度。

(2014年6 ⽉四级真题) 【参考译⽂】With the improvement of technology and safety measures, the possibility of nuclear accidents can be definitely minimized. 例2.【试题原句】年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提⾼的收⼊和探索外部世界的好奇⼼。

(2014年12⽉四级真题) 【参考译⽂】The rising number of young tourists can be attributed to their increasing income and their curiosity to explore the outside world. 【考点分析】第⼀个试题原句的译⽂将定语“技术和安全措施的”和“发⽣事故的”均处理成了“介词of+短语”的形式，分别置于所修饰名词“改进”和“可能性”之后;第⼆个试题原句的译⽂则将定语“探索外部世界的”处理为动词不定式的形式，置于所修饰名词“好奇⼼”之后。

(完整word版)2017.6英语四级真题翻译

2017.6翻译(一)－黄河黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。

“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色.黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份,最后注入渤海.黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。

黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。

然而,由于极具破坏力的洪水频发,黄河曾造成多次灾害。

在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生.参考译文The Yellow River is the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world。

The word “yellow” describes the color of the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River, as one of several rivers for China to live on， originates from Qinghai， flows through nine provinces， and finally pours into the Bohai Sea。

The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China. However, because of the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters。

In the past few decades, the government has taken a variety of measures to prevent disasters。

2017年6月英语四级真题及答案解析：翻译（新东方在线版）

2017年6⽉英语四级真题及答案解析：翻译（新东⽅在线版）新东⽅在线供稿四级翻译解析⾸发版珠江是华南⼀⼤河系，流经⼴州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

珠江三⾓洲是中国最发达的地区之⼀，⾯积约11，000平⽅公⾥。

它在⾯积和⼈⼝⽅⾯也是世界上的城市聚集区。

珠江三⾓洲九个城市共有5,700多万⼈⼝。

上世纪70年代末中国改⾰开放以来，珠江三⾓洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中⼼之⼀。

The Pearl River is an extensive river system in South China, flowing through the Guangzhou City. It is the third longest river in China, only second to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The Pearl River Delta is one of the most developed areas in China, covering an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is the biggest urban agglomeration area in the world in terms of size and population. The nine biggest cities in the Pearl River Delta have altogether a population of 57 million. Since the reform and opening in the late 1970s, the Pearl River Delta has been one of the major economic areas and manufacturing centers in China and the world.本篇⼜是⼀个介绍地区特⾊的⽂章，和以前介绍深圳的差不多，主要语法点为现在分词做伴随状语，flowing through the Guangzhou City，covering an area of about 11,000 square kilometers；介词短语充当后置定语the river systems in South China, the nine biggest cities in the Pearl River Delta；主要时态考查为⼀般现在时和现在完成时，例如，‘上世纪70年代末中国改⾰开放以来，珠江三⾓洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中⼼之⼀’，我们在课上讲过现在完成时的标志：“已经，⾃…以来就…”；四级翻译每年分词状语成分必考，⽽且⼏⼤后置定语结构，不定式，分词，定语从句，形容词，介词短语，也都是四级考⽣必会且⽼师必然要讲到的核⼼语法结构。

2017年6月大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解

2017年6月大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解这回的主角PartFTranslation是黄河，不是名师哦。

参考译文与难点注释1.翻译第一句时，可以省略“河流”的翻译。

TheYellowRiveristhethirdlongestinAsiaandthesixth2.第二句中，“描述的是”还可以用depicts和captures来表达。

longestintheworld.Theword3.翻译第三句中“最后”一词时要注意，这里实际指的是在“流经九个省份”之“Yellow”describesthecolorof后注人渤海，因此用before连接前后，使逻辑更加清晰。

“发源于”还可以themuddywaterinit.Theriver译为findsitssourcein.“流经”还可以译为windsitswaythrough 或originatesinQinghai,andrunsflowsthrough。

throughnineprovincesbeforeit4.第四句中，“中国赖以生存的几条河流之一”不是说“中国依赖黄河”，而emptiesintotheBohaiSea.The是指“黄河支撑着中国人的生活和生计”。

YellowRiverisoneoftheseveral5.第五句的翻译重点在于基础词汇的表达。

“诞生地”用cradle 或者riversthatsustainlifeandlivelihoodinChina.TheYellowbirthplace均可。

同时要注意时态的切换:“是……的诞生地”讲述的是RiverbasinisthecradkofChina’s客观现实，前半句用一般现在时;“早期历史上”指的是过去，后半句要用ancientcivilizationandwasonce过去时。

themostprosperousregionin6.第六句中，“洪水频发”翻译成frequentfloods,这符合中文多用动词、英文earlyhistoryofChina.However,多用静态语言的表述习惯。

2017年6月大学英语四级真题第二套精品详解及中文翻译版

2017年6⽉⼤学英语四级真题第⼆套精品详解及中⽂翻译版2017年6⽉⼤学英语四级真题第⼆套详解及翻译（精品版）Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考后半⼩时内完成该部分，之后将进⾏听⼒考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, features,condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（在校园⽹站上写⼀则⼴告，卖⼀辆你在⼤学⾥⽤过的⾃⾏车。

你的⼴告可能包括它的品牌，特征，条件和价格，和你的联系信息。

）Second-handed bicycle for saleTo inform anyone may be interested, I am currently（当前）owning a used bicycle for sale. This used bike is a black medium-sized race bicycle I bought just seven months before, which is still in good condition so far without any mechanical breakdowns or potential problems due to my careful maintenance（维护）. Most impressively, you can shift the gear of it to change the speed anytime you like accordingly, which makes it reliable and flexible to ride . I am very sure that it will serve as a portable and convenient vehicle for anyone who enjoys traveling and exercising in an environmental way. Regarding of the the merits mentioned above, I would like to sell it for three hundred Yuan, which is a totally worthy and economic deal to make. Anyone interested or intend to inquire about please do not feel hesitated to contact Li Ming. My contact number is 8888888.Li MingPart II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2017年大学英语四级考试翻译技巧

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟
2017 年大学英语四级考试翻译技巧导语：四六级考试中，翻译可以说是其中很重要的一个环节。

以下是小编为大家精心整理的2017 年大学英语四级考试翻译技巧，欢迎大
家参考！
一、分句法
把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子.使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。

如：八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作
译: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the
blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句.
二、合句法
把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。

例：她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。

译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental
quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句.
三、正译法
就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。

例:我们强烈反对GS 的新政策
译: We strongly object the company's new policy.
四、反译法
就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语.。

2017级四级翻译解析

华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90 年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增长。
Huashan is located in Huayin City, 120 kilometers away from Xi'an. It is part of the Qinling Mountains, which not only separate Southern and Northern Shanxi, but also separate South and North China. In the past, Huashan was rarely visited because of its hard and steep road, which is unlike Taishan where people often went to worship. However, those who wish to live longer often ascend the mountain for many herbs grow on the mountain, especially some rare herbs. After the installation of cable cars in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased greatly .
黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。

2017年6月大学英语四级真题第二套精品详解及中文翻译版

2017年6月大学英语四级真题第二套详解及翻译（精品版）Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, features,condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.（在校园网站上写一则广告，卖一辆你在大学里用过的自行车。

你的广告可能包括它的品牌，特征，条件和价格，和你的联系信息。

）Second-handed bicycle for saleTo inform anyone may be interested, I am currently（当前）owning a used bicycle for sale. This used bike is a black medium-sized race bicycle I bought just seven months before, which is still in good condition so far without any mechanical breakdowns or potential problems due to my careful maintenance（维护）. Most impressively, you can shift the gear of it to change the speed anytime you like accordingly, which makes it reliable and flexible to ride . I am very sure that it will serve as a portable and convenient vehicle for anyone who enjoys traveling and exercising in an environmental way.Regarding of the the merits mentioned above, I would like to sell it for three hundred Yuan, which is a totally worthy and economic deal to make. Anyone interested or intend to inquire about please do not feel hesitated to contact Li Ming. My contact number is 8888888.Li MingPart II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2017年6月大学英语四级翻译【完美打印】

2017年6月大学英语四级——翻译【1】中国画请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：国画(Chinese painting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。

绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。

根据表现手法，国画可分为写童派(the Xieyi school)和工笔派(the Gongbi school)两大类。

写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点;工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。

山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。

纵观历史，不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。

参考译文：Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting is done on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. According to the means of expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi school and the Gongbi school. The Xieyi school is characterized by free expression and exaggerated forms, while the Gongbi school attaches importance to detail with fine brush work. Landscape painting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. Throughout history, the Chinese paintings paintings at different times mirror people's social consciousness accordingly.词句点拨1.第2句为无主语句，翻译时可补充出主语0ne，译作When painting, one uses a brush to dip it in black ink...，但这种译法显得较为繁冗。

2017.06四级翻译真题解析(长江篇)-新东方在线

【2017年6月】大学英语四级翻译真题解析——长江新东方在线四六级赵奇亲爱的同学们，大家好我是四级翻译的主讲老师赵奇。

今年四级翻译依然延续了往年的方式，从2016年开始，考的主题基本是同质性的。

2016年12月份考三篇文章关于红色、黄色、白色，今年的主题也是一样的，考的长江、珠江和黄河，我们可以预测以后的四级翻译都是统一题材下三个不同的主体，这样有利于考试的公平。

第二篇文章，长江是the Yangtze River, 流域river basin和三角洲delta在原文已经给出。

注意“国民生产总值”是GNP，GDP是“国内生产总值”。

“濒危物种的栖息地”用介词短语来表达habitat for many endangered species。

“灌溉”是irrigate，如果想不起来，可以用watering，water名词是水，动词是浇水。

水电站是hydroelectric power plant，不会写也没有关系。

就翻译角度而言，一两句不会写不影响大局，主要是句子的结构。

如果你写出来的单词没有主谓宾，这才是扣分之处。

下面解析两个复杂的句子：1. 长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

As a habitat for many endangered species, it flows through diverse ecosystems and irrigates one-fifth of the land in China.翻译的难点在于中国的句子可以两个逗号一个句号，但是英文的句子句意比较复杂，最好还是拆开一句一句的翻译。

“长江流经多种不同的生态系统”作为主谓宾，“长江流经多种不同的生态系统”可以和“濒危物种的栖息地”联系起来一起翻译。

先写同谓语As a habitat for many endangered species。

濒危物种不会写，可以写“保护动物”precious animals，或者直接写animals或者animals which are going to die（灭绝的动物）。

2017年6月四级翻译真题解析

Ｚ－Ｓ－角洲（ｄｅｌｔａ）产出多达２０％的中国国民生产总值。⑥ 几千
年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。 ⑦ 长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站
解析： “ 系
・句乃简句，｛寸１地，考，ｋ可以将其为 ” 构的共文简单．，原文Ｉ卜的顿号可以川
解析：本段是对珠江和珠江角Ｉｎ９介，这种介
绍：的段落在时态上成采用一般现时。恢段第 ‘ ｛Ｕ包含
ｏｌｒｅｉｎ、ｂｅａｒｓｉｇｎｉｉｆｃａｎｃｅｏｒｆ
在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。④珠江
三角洲九个最大城市共有５，７００多万人口。⑤上－￣－８６７０年代
末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。
口＿ｆ以用代州ｉｔ求指代。关｝这・的圳． “ 流 ” 一ＪＩ以
译为ｆｌｏｗｔｈｏｕｇｈ， “ 足 ……ｎ０俩息地 ” ・ｌｆ以为 “ ｏｆｆｅｒｈａｂｉｔａｔｓｆ（】ｒ…” ， “ 态系统 ” ・Ｊ以枉｛构词法白垃乃ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｎｌ， “ 濒危物种 ” 可以【考ｇｊｅｎｄａｎｇｅｒｅｄｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ（
表达在２０ｌ４年１２门考过）， “ 潍溉”

2017年英语专业四级考试翻译及翻译练习

a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.
汉语原句的“节数”增加到“五节”。

译成英语，仍应确定正确的“主⼲”，两个“学译”不谋⽽合，将“园中百花怒放”，⽽不是“⽗母在园中设宴”作为“主⼲”来处理。

读来，给⼈⼀种观⽐萨斜塔的感觉。

相⽐之下，参考译⽂则给⼈⼀种美感，散发出浓郁的英语味。

原因很简单，参考译⽂选对了英译之“主⼲” （my parents gave a banquet in the garden）。

另外⼀个值得记取的经验是：汉语原句出现了⼀个句号，因此80%左右的学⽣译⽂，也亦步亦趋，硬性译成了⼀句，以上两句“学译”也不例外。

复观参考译⽂，我们发现，被处理成两句，从容之中，更多了些⼲练！。

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套)

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套) 四级听力第一套：News Report 1A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.” That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!"1: Who did Addison raise the money for?2: How did Addison raise the money?1.D) Her little brother.2.B) By selling lemonade and pictures.News Report 2:Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to fivemillion people. Called the Ward Way, the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of the existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France is the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.3: What was France’s purpose of constructing the Ward Way?4: What is special about the solar panels used in the Ward Way?3.B) Providing clean energy to five million people.4.C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.News Report 3Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a"possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.5: What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?6: What was the main purpose of the research?7: What did the researchers find in the national park?5.C)Endless fighing in the region.6.D)To find evidence of the lions'disappearance.7.A)Lions'tracks.Conversation OneM: I beg you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Aren’t you?W: Yes, I am. How did you know?M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.W: Oh, yes. That’s right. This year would be my golden birthday.M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.W: I’ve actually just learned of this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turns 9 years old. Come to think of it , my parents did throw her a surprise party that year. M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assumedly got a big plan then.W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s gotten in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?M: He might have.W: Anything you’d like to share? I’m dying to know what kind of tr ip he has planned where we’re going.M: Yeah, nothing at all.W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it! Though I must say, I think it has been even more fun keeping the secret for me the past few weeks.M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.8. What does the woman looking forward to?9. What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?10. What is the woman eager to find out about?11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?8.D) Her "lucky brithday".9.A) Threw her a superise party.10.C) The trip her husband has planned.11.B) He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.Conversation TwoW: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?M: Well, It does hard to define, but I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people, they are firm, but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation, the way it raises and falls, and how may change the direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.W: And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?M: Well, this probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting, too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast, pool negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations,W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for negotiation. There perhaps six stages in every negotiation, get to know the other side, stay your goals, start the process, clarify there is a disagreement or conflict, reassess your position, making acceptablecompromise, and finally reach some agreements and principals. These stages can be studied, and strategies to be used in each can be planned before-hand. But I think the really successful negotiator is probably born with the sixth sense that may respond properly to the situation at hand.W: The artistic sense you just described?M: Yes, that’s right12. What’s the man say about good negotiators?13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?15. What’s the first stage of a negation according to the man?12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13. B) They know when to stop.14. C) They learn quickly.15. D) Get to know the other side.Passage OneSome people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called spin-off technology. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts to use in space. The cordless hand held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, especially made coats and jackets. All the clothes are similar to thespace suits designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, in our spin offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin off technology from the international space station will help us in the future.16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?17. What did scientist do for the space shuttle missions?18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?16. D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18. C) They are extremely accurate.Passage TwoWell, if I could get back in history and live, I'd like to get back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee new England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was the preacher traveling around countryside. People lived in small communities. It was fisherman and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food. Unlike today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the puritan tradition not in a religious sense. But they believed in working for something, working for goals. And I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics or the silver works, the furnishings, the combination of elegance simplicity. I'd love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needle work.19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?19. C)It marked the beginning of something new.20. A)They believed working for goals.21. D)Doing needlework by the fire.Passage threeIf you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge concerned with some people called a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost,sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you are memorized to bring your mind to the point where is under control. Don’t run blindly if you must move, don't follow stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wide land before they reach a lake or river though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it is the wisest to walk up hill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails living back to civilizations. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of the hill. And you may even spot the highway or railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way some of you search for you is by air. In the wide lands or in dense grass, we're very hard to spot. Anytime you are going to the woods, somebody should know where you're going, and when you are expected to return, also when someone comes to looking, you should be able to signal to them.22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you're lost in the woods?25. What should you do before you go into the woods?22. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself23. B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.24. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan.四级听力第二套：答案：1.D) It has got one of its injured.2.C) Its videos were posted on social media.3.A) The distance travelled.4.B) Gas consumption is soaring.5.B) He helps a stranger to carry groceries to his car.6.C) He raised a large sum of money for him.7.A) He works hard to support his family.8. A) Attend an economics lecture9. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party10. D) Join him in his bro ther’s birthday celebration11. B) By train12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.13. C) Working part time as a waiter.14. B) Save enough money..15. A) He has rich sailing experience.16. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.18. A) Both died of blood cancer.19. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.20. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) Thee Viking’s ocean explorations.22. C) Dream about the future.23. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.24. D) International business.25. B) Be content with what you have.四级阅读第一套：选词填空26. [K] superior27. [D] nuisance28. [M] tip29. [O] visual30. [A] associated31. [F] preventing32. [H] sensitive33. [I] slight34. [C] indicate35. [J] specify匹配题36. [I] Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. [E] Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performances in others courses.38. [C] Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students39. [D] In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. [B] The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. [H] Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42. [G] Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. [F] Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being taught.44. [A] The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. [J] Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.仔细阅读46. B They just cannot do anything about it.47. A It might be prevented and treated.48. D It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. C They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.50. A The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.51. C More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.52. C Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.53. B They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.54. D They deleted all information about gender.55. D Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.四级阅读第二套：选词填空We all know there exists a great void（空白）in the public educational system when itcomes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering andMathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do somethingto change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. Shenoticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 ofthe public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK)after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 myown kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool programwhere children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The clubgrew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program wonseveral state 30 , she decided to devote all her time tocultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginiahome, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within theUnited States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK websitestates, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspirekids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 .”26. G exposure27. L levels28. F enroll29. O participated30. C championships31. E developing32. M local33. N operates34. J graduating35. B career匹配题36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all thatthere are many things we don’t know.H）Moreover,in order to be curious , ” you have to aware of a gap in your knowledge in thefirst place.” Although Leslie perhaps pai nts a bit broadly in contending thatmost of us are unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to pointout that the problem is growing:”Google can give us the powerful illusion thatall questions have definite answers.”37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’ssuccess.D) Thejournalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It,insists that the answer to that last question is “Yes”. Leslie argues thatcuriosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and thatwe are losing it.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge forknowledge’s sake.O) All of which brings us back to Goodelland the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging,in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious.I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any,charges should stick. But let’s be careful about demanding cur iosity about theother side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. Weshould be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we findout is something we didn't particularly want to know.39. Political leaders’ lac k of curiosity will result inbad consequences.M) AlthoughLeslie’s book isn’t about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from theproblem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should becurious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are seriousconsequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.40. There are often accusations about politicians’ andthe media’s lack of curiosity to find out the truth.B) Theaccusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestionthat there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I havebeen bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said aDemocratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to aninsufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New JerseyGovernor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the GeorgeWashington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bitcurious about what happened?” wrote conserv ative writer Jennifer Rubin earlierthis year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge thechild may turn out to have.L) Schooleducation, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious.Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far morecurious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower classfamilies. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and thelack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishmentlies in both intelligence and diligence.K) Citingthe work of psychologists and cognitive（认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdomthat academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent andhard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one topreserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive：“Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between childand adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be agood way to entertain ourselves.J) Somewhatnostalgically（怀旧地），he quote John Maynar d Keynes’s justlyfamous words of praise to the bookstore:”One should enter it vaguely, almost ina dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. Towalk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should bean afte rnoon’s entertainment.” If only!44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetitefor literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity.G) Lesliepresents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a wholeis growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of theInternet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’sborders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline ininterest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Reading literary fiction, he says, make us more curious.45.Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.F) Why isthis a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovationand entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dyingcorporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what hasmade humanity as a whole so successful as a species.仔细阅读46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?B）They are growing fast without becoming richer47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.49. In what way does author say African cities are different?C) They have developed at the expense of nature.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?D) A more responsible government51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have___.B) an ambition to get ahead52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.54. How do some people view college education these days?D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?D) A clear aim and high motivation.四级阅读第三套：选词填空26. K superior27. D nuisance28. M tip29. O visual30. A associated31. F preventing32. H sensitive33. I slight34. C indicate35. B examine匹配题36. I37. E38. C39. D40. B41. H42. G43. F44. A45. J仔细阅读46. What do people generally believe about aging?B) They just cannot do anything about it.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.四级翻译一：泰山位于山东省西部。

2017年6月大学英语四级翻译真题附参考答案（2）

2017年6月大学英语四级翻译真题附参考答案(2)2017年6月大学英语四级翻译技巧英语四级翻译应该是全部题型中最好拿分的，在翻译时一定要以理解为首要原则，下面店铺还给大家介绍了几种四级翻译技巧，考生们可以参照一下!一、增词在段落翻译时，为了能充分的表达原文含义，以求达意，翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。

例如：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

译文为： Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind。

其中间加上了增连词whereas，以使英语的句子表达更加有逻辑性。

二、减词考生要明白，英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较喜欢重复，重复作为汉语的一种修辞手法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。

汉语中为了有更强的节奏感和押韵，也经常会出现排比句。

考生在翻译这些句子时，为了符合英文表达的逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。

例如：这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文为：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science。

以上的汉语是比较重复的排比句，汉译英时考生要遵守英语的逻辑表达，加上定语从句来翻译，这样英文句子读起来也朗朗上口。

三、词类转换英语语言的一个很重要的特点，就是词类变形和词性转换，尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。

例如：她的书给我们的印象很深。

译文为：Her book impressed us deeply。

在此翻译中汉语中的名词印象转化成英语中的动词impress。

四、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态，汉语中主动语态使用率较高，英语中被动语态的使用率较高。

所以考生在翻译时，要注意语态之间的转换。

新东方付莉莉：2017年12月四级翻译和听力真题解析(新东方版)

2017年12月四级翻译真题解析翻译部分华山位于华阴市，据西安120 公里。

华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。

与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。

然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。

自上世纪90 年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

综述：翻译一篇汉译英的文章，最主要的不是词汇，而是句式。

一篇文章句式多变，主从分明，层次感强可以大幅度加分，弥补很多考生词汇量的不足。

所以，这篇真题仍然沿着这个思路来剖析。

把中文的短句合成英文的长句最常用的方法是1 前后半句有名词上的重合信息点，那么可以用定语从句。

2 前后半句有意思上的内在联系则多用状语从句。

3 一个主语多个谓语多个分句，可用非谓语从句。

4 一些其他的固定句式1 华山位于华阴市，距离西安120公里Huashan (which is) located/ situated/lies in Huayin city is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an.解析：本句很简单，常规句式，因为两个分句主语都是华山，所以按照并列谓语方式处理，一个定语从句一个主句。

具体常用表达“位于…” ,可以用be located / situated /lies in…2 华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北It’s a part of the Qinling mountain , which divides not only southern and northern Shaanxi, but also south and north China .解析：本句很明显有“秦岭”这个重合名词，所以用定语从句which 指代秦岭。

另外，”分割”一词是重复使用的动词，按照英语动词不重复用的原则，只留一个，用not only…but also…连接句子。

2017英语四级翻译技巧讲解（2）

2017英语四级翻译技巧讲解（2）我反对这项法律。

I am against the law. “上学”在汉语⾥是动词，⽽英语可以⽤介词in 表达;“反对”也是动词，英语⽤介词against 表⽰。

Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor. 罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。

英语形容词rich, poor 换成了汉语的名词“富、贫”。

She is physically weak but mentally sound. 她体质差但头脑健全。

英语副词physically 转换成了汉语的名词“体质”。

3)语态转换由于在英汉两种语⾔当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在汉译英时，⼈们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就⾏了。

事实上并⾮如此。

在英语中被动语态的使⽤频率要远远⾼于汉语。

如果⼀味按照原句的语态来翻译，往往会使译⽂显得⼗分别扭。

所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运⽤语态之间的转换。

我们这⾥主要讲三种情况：汉语被动句的构成⼤致可分为两类：⼀类带有明显的被动标记词(就是“被”“让”那些);另⼀类则没有这种标记词。

⼈们通常使⽤后⼀类型的被动句。

但不论哪⼀种类型，翻译成英语时基本上仍可运⽤被动语态。

A. ⽤“被、通过、让、给、遭、由、受、为……所”等标记词表⽰被动语态的汉语被动句。

这类句⼦⼀般表⽰较强的被动意义，强调被动的动作。

例1 这本书已经被译成多种语⾔。

译⽂：The book has already been translated into many languages. 简评：原⽂强调的是“这本书”已经被翻译成多种语⾔，并不强调是“谁”翻译了这本书，不强调“翻译”这个动作的施动者。

因此，英语译⽂采⽤被动语态完全符合原⽂表达内涵。

例2 这个⼩男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。

译⽂：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school. 简评：⼩男孩受了伤，这是全句要表达的中⼼意思。

cet42017

CET4河北工程何兴磊2013在高中己有的基础上，我对大学四级词汇进行了压缩，希望对大家有所帮助abandon [4'blnd4n]vt.丢弃;遗弃;放弃abandoned [4* blnd4ndjadj.被抛弃的accident ['lksid4nt]n.意外遭遇,事故;意外，意外因素accidental [ Iksi'dentl]adj.偶然（发生）的;意外的accommodation [4 k3m4,dei54n]n.（常pi.）住处，膳宿—ccin cc nn account [4'k2unt]n.叙述,报告；账,账户；解释，说明vi. （for）明…的原因；（数量, 比例）占accountant [4‘ kaunt4nt]n.会计人员,会计师accuracy ['lkjur4si] n.准确（性），精确（性）accurate [' Ikjurit] adj.精确的，准确的accustomed [4' k8st4md] adj. （t。

）习惯的，适应了的;惯常的acquire [4'kw2i4]Vt.取得，获得，学到acquisition 「lkwi' zi54n]n.获得,取得;获得物，增添的人（或物）addition [4‘ di54n]n. （U）加，加法；（C）增加的人（或物）additional [4' di54n41]adj.添加的，额外的adequate ['Idikwi t]adj.充足的，足够的；适当的，胜任的admission [4d‘ mi54n]n.准许进（加）入;入场费，入场券;承认，供认advisable[4d‘ v2iz4bl]adj.可取的，适当的advocate [' ldv4kit]Vt.拥护，提倡n.拥护者，提倡者；律师aeroplane [e4r4plein]n.弓机afterward (s) [' Ift4w4d(z), ' 2:ft4w4d(z)] adv.以后，过后，后来agenda [4'd9end4]n.议事口程alert [4'14:t]adj.留神的;警觉的n.警戒（状态）；警报vt.向…报警，使…警惕alliance [4‘12i4ns]n.结盟，联盟，联姻allocate [' 114keit] vt.分配，分派，把…拨给allow [4'12u]vt,准许,允许；同意给;承认allowance [4‘ 12u4ns]n.津贴，补贴，零用钱ally V 1121, 4* 12i]n.同盟国，同盟者；支持者v. (with)结盟alternative [3:1't4:n4tiv]adj,两者择一的，供选择的；另类的n.供选择的东西;取舍，选择aluminium [4 lumin4m]n.铝amid [4' mid]prep,在…中间，被…围绕anchor [T6k4]n・锚；给人安全感之物/人v,停泊；固定；担任主持人ant tint]n.蚂蚁Antarctic [In' t2:ktik]a. /n.南极的，南极anticipate [in'tisipeit]vt.预料,期望；预先做，提前使用apart [4* pa:t]adv.[空间，时间上]相间隔;分离，离开，隔开apparent [4 plr4nt]adj,表面上的，貌似(真实)的;显然的，明白的，清晰可见的appeal [4'pi:l]vi.呼叮•，恳求；上诉，申诉;(to)诉诸，求助于;吸引n.呼呼，恳求;吸引力；中诉，上诉applause [4'pl3:z]n.鼓掌，掌声appliance [4‘ plai4ns]n.器具，器械，装置applicable ['Iplik4b41]adj.可应用的，可实施的;适当的，合适的appreciate [4' pri:5ieit] vt.重视,欣赏;领会，意识到；为…表示感谢approach [4' pr4ut5]v.靠近，接近n.接近;途径;方式，方法appropriate 14* pr4upriit, 4' pr4uprieit]adj,适当的，适当的vt.私占，侵吞，挪用;拨出（款项等）供专用approximate [4 pr3ksimit]adj,大概的，近似的，大约的v.近似,接近;估计Arabian [4'reibj4n]adj.阿拉伯的;n.阿拉伯人arctic ['2:ktik]a./n.北极的，北极Asia ['ei54]n.亚洲Asian [' ei54n]n.亚洲人;adj.亚洲的，亚洲人的assemble [4'semb41]vt.集合，聚集，召集;装配vi.集合，聚集assembly [4'sembli]n.立法机构,议会;集会，集合，集会的人们;组装，装配assess[4'ses]vt.对…估价，确定…的数额;评价，评论asset [' Iset]n.有价值的人(或物)，优点，长处;(pl.)资产associate [4's4u5ieitlvt.把…联系在-•起;使结合vi. (with)交往n•伙伴adj.副的association [4 s4usi'ei54n] n.联盟，协会，社团;交往，联合，结合assume [4'sju:m]vt.假定，设想;承担,担任;呈现，具有assumption [4's8mp54n_n.假定,臆断;担任，承担Atlantic [4t'llntik] adj.大西洋的;n. (the)大西洋attach [4'tlt5] vt.系,贴,连接;使喜爱，使依恋;认为白（重要性，责任等）；使附属attorney [4't4:ni]n.律师,代理人attractive [4‘ trlktiv]adj.有吸引力的，引起注意的attribute [4'tribju:t]vt. （to）把…归因于，把（过错、责任等）归咎于n.属性，特性Australia [3'streili4] n.澳大利亚authority [3:'73riti]n.权力,管辖权;(pl.)官方,当局；当权者，行政管理机构;权威，专家auto [* 3: t4u]n.汽车automatic [*3:t4*mltik]adj,自动的；不假思索的；必然的，自然的n.自动手枪/步枪，冇门动装置的汽车automobile [' 3:t4m4bi:l]n.汽车(缩写为aut。