(完整版)长难句重难点整理
长难句知识点背诵(整理)
如何对句子进行层次化：对于简单句谓语动词是他的核心。
对于复杂句，连词是他的核心。
我们有一个具体的方法：括号匹配原则：括号成对出现的，不会茕茕孑立形影相吊，只有一个括号，那是失恋的括号，会自杀的。
所以括号的出现，一定要成双成对。
那么我们如何运用括号呢，就是当我们怀疑这个地方可能出现一个层次的时候，我们就划上一个括号的左半边，当这个层次结束的时候，那我们再划上一个右括号。
那么所谓的括号匹配原则就是说，当我们的句子结束的时候，你看一下你的左右括号是否数量相同。
如果不同，说明错了吧，不会有哪个多出来的括号跟了别人的吧，没有第三者插足的括号，括号原则是专一的原则，是从一而终的原则。
我们现在来看下面的例子，我们在例子上进行括号原则的练习，而以后我们习惯以后，是不需要我们用笔和纸来划括号的，看到句子，在我们的脑子里就已经有括号存在了。
我们先读例一，读的时候，我们先把连词划出来。
这个句子先不着急去理解，我们只把该划出来的地方划出来。
开始的几个例子都很简单。
例1：However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker.1、however 副词，做状语，丢到一边2、for many years 介词短语作状语，位置很灵活，还好放在开头，容易判断，怎么样，丢到一边。
3、physicists物理学就，名词出现，估计是主语。
4、thought 是一个实意动词，那么实意动词后面有个that，接宾语从句，划上一个左括号了，后面是完整的还是非完整的？完整的，那么就按照完整的规则去找这个宾语从句的结束点。
5、atoms and molecules是名词的并列，那么就是从句的主语吧6、were系动词，谓语出来了。
(word完整版)经典长难句必背汇总,文档
经典长难句必背汇总1、主从复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable tofind out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonabletheir principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may beregarded as normal.[参照译文 ]当艺术上的一项新运动到达必然流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动提议者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原那么在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。
[结构解析]本句的骨干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引导一个时间状语从句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句，表示原因，其中 for 后边的 however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句，表示退步。
在骨干 it is advisable to find out...中，it是形式主语，后边的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真切的主语。
2 、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参照译文 ]与你发言时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历可否在聘任你今后会给他带来好处。
高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法
高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法是指在高考英语考试中，经典的长难句结构和其中关键词汇的用法。
在分析长难句结构时，需要对句子的主干和从句进行分析，弄清楚从句与主句的逻辑关系。
同时，还需注意从句中的定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的使用。
在词汇用法方面，需要注意一些经典的短语搭配、固定搭配和词义辨析等。
以下是一些常见的经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法：1.分析长难句结构：A. 定语从句：用来修饰前面的名词或代词，一般使用关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）引导。
例句：The boy who is reading over there is my brother.B. 状语从句：用来表示时间、原因、条件、结果等，一般使用连词（when, while, since, because, if, unless, so that）引导。
C. 名词性从句：用来作主语、宾语、表语等，一般使用连词（that, whether, if, what, who）引导。
例句：What he said is very important.2.重点词汇用法：A. 短语搭配：要熟悉一些常见的短语搭配，如make up, take place, break down等。
例句：I need to make up my mind before making a decision.B. 固定搭配：要掌握一些固定的词语搭配，如keep in mind, take into account, depend on等。
例句：You should keep in mind that practice makes perfect.C. 词义辨析：要注意一些词义相近但用法不同的词语，如affect和effect, accept和except, advice和advise等。
例句：The medicine will have an effect on your health.。
(完整版)长难句重难点整理
长难句（1）考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句,即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点:1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句（定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰；2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个.例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析：主语:The methods；谓语：come into being；that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句，修饰the methods；不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句，修饰the cultural legacy。
译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations， rather than representations, of reality.分析:在浏览该句时，发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语，浏览的时候先跳过。
精选英语长难句分析
精选英语长难句分析一、定语从句【难句】1. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)【结构分析】本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。
句首部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句，其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media…作mobile television的同位语，句末的关系代词which引导定语从句which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators来修饰先行词a nascent industry，关系代词which在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】他谈到了众人对移动电视的巨大兴趣，这是一个在电信和媒体领域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动网络运营商提供了新的机遇。
【难句】2. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”，“Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)【结构分析】本句使用了分隔结构，体现了非限制性定语从句分隔，从句which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October修饰主语Apple Computer(关系代词which在从句中作主语)分隔了主语和系动词。
考研英语：长难句重难点归纳
考研英语：长难句重难点归纳考研英语长难句是历年考察的重点和难点，长难句有主语拉长、简单句拉长、复合句、多重复合句组成、分词短语打头，句子呈现三段(或三段以上)的长句式等。
下面凯程考研英语辅导专家为同学们整理了长难句重点、难点详解析归纳供同学们参考。
考研英语复习：长难句重点、难点详解（汇总）长难句结构分析Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(一)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(二)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(三)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(四)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(五)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(六)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(七)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(八)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(九)Ø 考研英语：经典长难句结构分析100句(十)长难句例题详解Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（一）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（二）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（三）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（四）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（五）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（六）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（七）Ø 考研英语长难句例题及详解（八）Ø考研英语长难句例题及详解（九）小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。
2017考研开始准备复习啦，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，一分耕耘一分收获。
加油！。
高考长难句知识点总结
高考长难句知识点总结长难句是高考中比较难解析和理解的句子结构，对于学生来说，掌握长难句结构和运用方法是提高语文水平和应对高考的关键之一。
下面将对高考长难句出现的一些常见结构和解析方法进行总结。
1. 倒装句在一些特殊句型中，主谓语的位置会颠倒，形成了倒装句。
常见的倒装句结构有以下几种：a) 完全倒装：谓语动词置于主语之前，用于强调句子中的某一部分。
例如：Never had I seen such a beautiful sunset before.b) 部分倒装：仅将助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。
例如：Not only did he eat the cake, but he also drank the milk.c) 地点状语倒装：将地点状语、介词短语或副词置于句首，动词和主谓语保持正常顺序。
例如：In the garden stood a tall tree.2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，通常由关系代词（that, which, who, whom,等）引导。
注意以下几点：a) 非限制性定语从句使用逗号与主句隔开，强调对全句的补充。
例如：The book, which was written by my favorite author, is very popular.b) 关系代词在从句中有不同的作用。
例如：The girl who is playing the piano is my sister. (who在从句中作主语)3. 状语从句状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常由连词引导。
以下是几种常见的状语从句结构：a) 时间状语从句：表示时间关系。
例如：I will go to bed when I finish my homework.b) 条件状语从句：表示条件关系。
例如：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.c) 原因状语从句：表示原因或理由。
高中英语长难句、常考语法知识点整理
高中英语长难句、常考语法知识点整理长难句46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。
看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。
[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词aYou’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。
People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。
常考语法48. 直接引语和间接引语[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
(一般过去时改成过去完成时)I broke your CD player.→He told me he had broken my CD player.(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→Jenny said she had lost a book.(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”→Mum said she would go to see a friend.（过去完成时保留原有的时态）He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”→He said they hadn’t finished their homework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。
考研英语长难句重难点详解分析seems
考研英语长难句重难点详解分析1.Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.先找生词。
Consequently 结果；normal 正常的；accord with（与…）一致；符合；requirements 需求；再找主干。
本句是主从复合句。
句子不是很长，但是看起来有怪怪的。
主句nothing seems good or normal；从句that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.本句的难点在于双重否定，初看句子的时候，可能会一下子转不过弯来，我碰到这种双重否定的句子，都是把它们变成肯定的句子。
这句话中，把nothing改成something，然后从句中的not去掉，意思不变，类似于数学中的负负得正。
nothing（something）seems good or normal that does （not）accord with the requirements of the free market.nothing（主语）seems（谓语）good or normal（宾语）；没有什么看上去是对的或者是正常的that（主语，指代nothing）does not accord with（谓语）the requirements of the free market（宾语）.不符合自由市场的需求。
句子翻译没有任何不符合自由市场的需求看上去都是对的或者是正常的。
也就是说：任何符合自由市场的需求看上去都是对的或者是正常的。
2.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-markets economic theories先找生词。
(完整版)英语长难句精解70句
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
阅读长难句考点
基础阅读知识点总结（长难句方面）基础阅读----长难句方面的考点（报刊文章长难句特点）除过一些比较规范的长难句之外，应注意以下各种带有报刊文章特点的长难句：考点一、宾语后置考点二、同位语更后置考点三、定从状意考点四、倒装结构考点五、否定结构考点六、省略结构考点七、状语分割考点八、破折号、as分割考点九、than与as考点十、关联和转承语考点十一、左二右五原则及串并联定语考点一、宾语后置1) I shall define himas an individual who has regarded as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic(苏格拉底的)way about moral problems.2) The goal of all the books will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightenedcitizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.3）The health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-knownpersonalities such asStephen Cooper, who has made courageous statement about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.4) Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life, the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it hadimposed on him, and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.考点二、同位语更后置1) For example, we know that the idea commonly accepted when the first edition of this book was printed, that life was altogether absent in the deeper parts of the sea, is not true.3) When reports came into London Zoo that awild puma had been spotted forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.4) Darwin did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no powerof reasoning.考点三、定从状意1) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greaterintellectual development.2) No action could be effectively undertaken without active participation and full cooperation of Egypt’s trading partners, which are permanent member of the UN Security Council and as such assume a veryspecial responsibility toward the UN.3) Creating a “European identity”（欧洲品牌） that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategicchoice.4) I t has rumor that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there arenot two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism, which isbeing pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders havecome to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion. "Creationism" in the passage refers to ________.[A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe[B] a notion of the creation of religion[C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation[D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe5）A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadfulhandicap，but，if properly handled，it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War，it had a market eight times larger than any competitor，giving its industries unparalleledeconomies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best，its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.The U. S. achievedits predominance after World War II because_____A. it had made painstaking efforts towards this goalB. its domestic market was eight times larger than beforeC. the war had destroyed the economiesof most potential competitors考点四、状语分割1) Nor, if regularity and conformity are as important to the scientist as the writing of his papers would reflect, is management to be blamed fordiscriminating against the "oddballs" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."2) Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth andmaintenance of life of animals..3) The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the work.4) That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four led by Britain that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity（实体）, with some countries signing up to everythingand others choosing only some things.考点五、否定结构双重否定1) The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the mostattractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”The word “poached”most probably means .[A]approved of[B]attended to[C]hunted for[D]guarded against2) Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States andEurope.In the Westerner' s eyes，the postwar JapanA. under aimless developmentB. a positive exampleC. a rival to the WestD. on the decline3) Probably there is not one here who has notin the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning.4) As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfullyexpressive----there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.否定转移1) In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about everysentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. He asserted, also, that his power tofollow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.考点六、倒装结构全倒装1) Implicit within Tylor's definition isthe concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. （全倒装）2) Deeply involved with this new technology is a band of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.（全倒装）3) Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever beenpossible before. （全倒装）4) Closely related to the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s was British social philosopher Herbert Spencer who put forwardhis own theory of biological and cultural evolution. （全倒装）6）Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant----not of what is wrong, but of the frailty（脆弱）and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and againespecially children to make mistakes. （全倒装）7）Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and humanwell-being. （全倒装）部分倒装1) Darwin asserted that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. Hismemory, too, he described as hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date ora line of poetry.2) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created andconveyed----and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.3) Nor, if regularity is as important to the scientist as the writing of his papers wouldreflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "oddballs"（怪人）among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."考点七、省略结构一、平行结构中名词及名词短语、动词的省略1) Ts'ao Yuan-long guessed that Fang Mung-chien's knowledge of German was about as good or as bad as his own. Besides, Fang was a Chinese major, so he couldn't be too brilliant. For in a university, sciencemajors look down an humanities majors, foreign language majors on Chinese majors, Chinese majors on philosophy majors, philosophy majors on sociology majors, and sociology majors in turn on education majors. Since education majorshave no on to look down on, they can only despise the professors in their own department.2) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow ofinformation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off.Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. The word "it" most probably refers to ________.[A] the lack of stable communities[B] the breakdown of informal information channels[C] the increased mobility of families [D] the growing number of people moving from place to place虚拟中的省略1) On the dust jacket of this fine book,Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does—and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.2) For example, standardized tests do not compensate for grosssocial inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.考点八、than与as1) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.2) The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far。
(完整word版)高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析.docx
高考英语重点长难句及词汇分析一、 The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻】年人越接触，他就能越早地了解些，他就更有可能成有任感的、早作打算的成年人，能有信心地、有效地管理自己的。
【句式分析】本句含有“ the+比， the+比”的句式，同又含有一个who 引的限制性定从句，修先行adults。
【点】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露； be exposed to 暴露于；接触 Wemust expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我一定要向社揭露一无耻行径。
We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.我当孩子接触新思想。
2）manage v.付，法付；管理；能解决； manage to do 法做成 We needpeople who are good atmanaging.我需要擅管理的人。
He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.他法把游客及送到机。
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are notmanaged carefully.如果掌控小帆船不小心，它在水中就容易翻。
【法点】“ the+比， the+比”，表示“越⋯⋯越⋯⋯”。
高考英语长难句解析
高考英语长难句解析长难句在高考英语考试中常常出现，对于许多考生来说是一大难题。
本文将对高考英语中的长难句进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对这一部分考题。
一、1. 复杂句复杂句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。
从句可以是名词性从句、形容词性从句或者副词性从句。
复杂句常常以连接词（如that, whether, if, because, although等）引导从句。
举例：- She said that she would come to the party.（名词性从句）- I am not sure whether it will rain tomorrow.（名词性从句）- The car, which is red, belongs to my sister.（形容词性从句）- Although it was raining, we still went for a walk.（副词性从句）2. 并列句并列句由两个或多个并列的主句构成，主句之间用逗号或者连接词（如and, but, or等）连接。
举例：- He is good at math, but his sister is good at English.（用逗号连接）- You can go swimming, or you can stay at home and watch TV.（用连接词连接）3. 倒装句倒装句是将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前，用于强调某个部分内容。
在高考英语中，常常出现以下几种倒装句形式：完全倒装、部分倒装和地点状语倒装。
举例：- Only when I arrived at the station did I realize that I had forgotten my ticket.（完全倒装）- Not only does she play the piano, but she also sings beautifully.（部分倒装）- In front of the house stands a tall tree.（地点状语倒装）4. 强调句强调句用于强调某个成分，通常通过将be动词后面的形容词、副词或介词短语提前来实现。
高考英语重点难点部分(长难句的结构分析与学习方法)
高考英语重点难点部分（长难句的结构分析与学习方法）1. 复杂主句在长难句中，主句可能会包含修饰成分，使得句子变得冗长。
常见的修饰成分有定语从句、状语从句等。
例子1：主语修饰句子：The student who works hard every day is likely to succeed in the future.分析：主句：The student is likely to succeed in the future。
修饰部分：who works hard every day。
这是一个定语从句，修饰主语“the student”。
意思是“那个每天努力学习的学生”，使句子变得更具体。
简化理解：可以将句子简化为“The student is likely to succeed...”，然后再加上修饰成分来增强信息量。
例子2：谓语修饰句子：She spoke softly, trying not to wake the baby who was sleeping soundly.分析：主句：She spoke softly。
修饰部分：trying not to wake the baby。
这是一个现在分词短语，说明她说话的原因或方式。
它修饰谓语“spoke softly”。
定语从句：who was sleeping soundly，修饰“the baby”，给出了更多关于“baby”的信息。
2. 嵌套从句在长难句中，多个从句会嵌套在主句中。
我们需要弄清楚每个从句的关系，才能理解整个句子的意思。
例子1：嵌套从句句子：What surprised me most was that he completed the task which we thought was impossible.分析：主句：What surprised me most was... 这里的主句是“what surprised me most”。
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析整理版
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析第一部分：高中英语长难句解析在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。
不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。
下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。
一、复合从句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。
其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。
这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
二、分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。
考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。
此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。
三、成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。
省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。
成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。
考研英语长难句重点难点解析含译文翻译oul
考研英语长难句重点难点解析含译文翻译1.（用于否定句中）一个人也（没有）I've never harmed a soul in my life.我这一生从未伤害过任何人。
There was not a soul there.那里一个人也没有。
I promise I won't tell a soul.我保证不告诉任何人。
2.（对艺术，音乐，文学等的）审美能力He thinks that anyone who doesn't like poetry has no soul.他认为，不喜欢诗歌的人都缺乏审美能力。
3.一个人的内在性格，包含他真实的思想感情The eyes are the windows to the soul.眼睛是心灵的窗户。
Music that soothes your soul.抚慰灵魂的音乐。
4.精神、道德的艺术品质In my view, fine art feeds the mind and soul.我认为，美术滋养人的思想和灵魂。
5.完美的品质He is the very soul of discretion.他是个极能保守秘密的人。
与soul有关的短语：good for the soul:Walking is good for the soul.'散步对人有好处。
heart and soulThey threw themselves heart and soul into the project. 他们全身心地投入到这项工程中。
keep body and soul togetherThey barely have enough money to keep body and soul together.他们的钱勉强能维持生活。
1. 到处，四处He wandered around the streets, looking in shop windows.他在街上闲逛，看看商店橱窗。
高考长难句知识点
高考长难句知识点随着高考的逐渐临近，语文考试对于学生来说愈发重要。
其中，长难句作为语文考试的一大难点，常常令学生头疼。
为了帮助同学们更好地应对长难句题目，下面将介绍一些高考长难句的知识点，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、主体句和附加句在高考中，长难句题目常常涉及到主体句和附加句的区分。
主体句是一句话中最主要、最重要的部分，而附加句则是主句的附属、修饰部分。
在解答题目时，我们需要将主体句和附加句进行分析，从而找出关键信息。
例句1：高考的难点主要是在于题目内容较复杂，需要学生深入理解，并能正确运用所学知识。
分析：主体句是“高考的难点主要是在于题目内容较复杂”，附加句是“需要学生深入理解，并能正确运用所学知识”。
二、并列句和简单句另外一个常见的长难句知识点是并列句和简单句的区别。
并列句是由两个或多个语法结构相同的句子并列而成，简单句则是只包含一个主谓结构。
例句2：他上学成绩优秀，且具有良好的品德素养。
分析：这是一个并列句，由两个句子并列而成。
三、独立主格结构独立主格结构也是高考长难句考试中常见的一种题型。
独立主格是指句子中独立存在的一种结构，不依附于主句成分，常以动名词形式进行表达。
例句3：他们走出教室，聚在操场上唱歌跳舞。
分析：独立主格结构是“聚在操场上唱歌跳舞”，它是整个句子的独立存在。
四、强调句强调句也是高考长难句的一个常见考点。
在强调句中，强调的部分通常用It is/was...that...结构来表达。
例句4：It was you who won the first prize in the competition.分析：强调句中强调的部分是“you”，而强调结构是“Itis/was...that...”。
五、主从复合句主从复合句是高考长难句考试中较难的一种题型。
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，从句在整个句子中起到修饰、补充或者限制主句的作用。
例句5：我希望你能早点儿来，这样我们就可以一起准备考试。
高考阅读理解高分必备：学会分析这18个英语长难句
高考阅读理解高分必备：学会分析这18个英语长难句阅读是英语考试的重中之重，对英语阅读中的长难句理解是攻克阅读的有效方法。
本文将着重讲解高考英语阅读真题中的长难句，希望提高大家阅读能力。
长难句解题思路1. 首先寻找连词：连词包含并列连词，从属连词和关系词，并且依据连词将长句划分成短句；2. 依据五大句型基本结构，判断短句的句子成分。
注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词（现在分词，动名词，过去分词，不定式），明确句子的谓语动词，剥离定语，状语，从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句：时间状语从句，定语从句When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析：(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语，因此省略了关系代词that。
注意：先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词不可使用Which；(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语；(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译: 当他回来时，这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句：目的状语从句，宾语从句The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析：(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句，so 前面的句子是主句，that 后面的句子是目的状语从句；(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语，it 是指示代词，指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语；(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法；长句翻译：机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序，这样它才能知道它要做什么。
语法长难句考点整理
语法长难句考点整理●Ⅰ素颜简单句 p1●中英文句子比较 p3●汉语重意合，英语重形合●汉语多主动，英语多被动●汉语多短句，英语多长句●汉语可以没有主语谓语或宾语，英语必须有主谓。
●英语中动名词搭配明确：主语是动作的发出者，宾语是动作的承受者（承受者做主语是被动句）●英文句子基本结构（五种）p4●主谓●主语不及物动词（注意时态问题）●主谓宾●谓语一定是实义动词，即能表达动作的动词，吃，喝等●主谓（系)表●系动词也称连系动词，主要有六类P①表状态：be动词（连接主语和表语，无意义，用于构成句子) ②表示感官：look，sound，taste，smell，feel（感官动词后只加形容词）③表示变化：grow，fall，turn，get，become ④表示保持：stand，keep，stay，remain ⑤表示表象：seem，appear ⑥表示结果：prove●主谓双宾（直接宾语为主要宾语，是动作的承受者；间接宾语为第二宾语，去掉后对句子影响不大）●show，send，bring，buy，pass，lend，give，tell等●主谓宾宾补●补语用来补充说明宾语的特点，身份，或让宾语完成某个动作。
（名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，分词，动词不定式等）区分双宾和宾语宾补的tips：在两个宾语或是宾语宾补中加上系动词，读起来通顺为主谓宾宾补，不通顺则为主谓双宾。
（宾和宾补有关系，双宾之间则没有关系。
）●简单句精华之主干 p8●谓语 p8●1.谓语成分●具有时态和语态的实义动词（词组）或者系动词。
●2.一句话能否出现两个或以上的动词（词组）●答：有且只能有一个●谓语只能由动词（词组）来充当动词（词组）只能充当谓语要把一句话当中所有不作谓语的动词全部变成非动词形式也就是非谓语动词 v–ing 动名词/现在分词，起名词作用/表主动或进行 v–ed 过去分词，表示被动或完成 to do 表示目的或将来●非谓语动词除了不当谓语，可以充当任何成分（主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，同位语）●3.一句话能否没有动词●答：绝对不能，当一句话需要动词，而没有动词时，永远可以加be动词，并且be动词没有具体意思● 4.动词的分类 p14●1.实义动词表示具体动作的词●及物动词/不及物动词●2.连系动词六类●3.情态动词（表明说话人主观态度的词汇，情态动词不能单独出现，后一定接实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词）●①只作情态动词：may，might，must●②可作情态动词又可作实义动词：can，need，dare●③具有情态动词特征：have（has，had）to，used to，ought to●④可做情态动词又可作助动词：shall（should），will（would）●4.助动词帮助谓语动词一起构成否定，疑问，时态，语态的词●be●do●have●will/would●主语 p22●1.主语的成分●名词，代词，非谓语结构和从句（引导词句子）单纯的句子（主➕谓）不能充当任何成分●2.主语能否缺失●答：绝对不能，无主语有四种解决方案●①there be 句型（当一句话没有主语，且有“”字时）●②it 作形式主语（天气，时间，温度）●③被动（作文中的无主句或人称代词作主语的句子）⭐无被动的几种情况①系动词无被动 The milk smells sour. ②have，own，possess含义为“拥有”时，无被动③表示“发生/爆炸”的动词词组无被动发生：take place，happen，occur 爆炸：break out，burst out（doing）④不及物动词无被动●④人称代词作主语（最后的无奈之举）●宾语 p30●宾语的成分●名词，代词，非谓语结构，从句●表语 p31●表语的成分●名词，代词，非谓语结构，从句，形容词，副词，介词短语●简单句考点分析 p32●写作●写作中，所有不会写的动词都换成自己会的（反正老师也不知道我想表达什么，哈哈，真好啊！）●长难句分析（第一步找动词）●如果一句话中找到多个动词，就确定主句的动词是我们要找的（动词前没有引导词的才是主句的谓语）●Ⅱ裸妆并列句 p39⭐汉语多短句，英语多长句中文短句翻译为英文长句的方法：①加连词变为并列句②独立主格③主从复合句●什么是并列句 p39●并列句就是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的句子（可以是简单句，也可以是复合句）● 连词分类及区别 p40●常见的并列连词●①平行关系：and，not only…… but also……，both and，neither nor●②转折关系：but，while，yet，whereas等●③选择关系：or ，whether or not，either or等●④因果关系：because，since，for，so等●表示逻辑关系的其他词（副词和介词短语）●①平行关系： equally，likewise，simultaneously，at the same time，in themeanwhile等●②递进关系：then，also ，besides，in addition，subsequently等。
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长难句（1）考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点一、长难句的特点英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列或平行。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点：1)结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;二、考研英语长难句分析类别第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。
例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.分析：主语：The methods;谓语：come into being;that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句，修饰the methods;不定式to 表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句，修饰the cultural legacy。
译文：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。
我们称之为“打岔”。
例：Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.分析：在浏览该句时，发现句子中出现了双逗号，其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语，浏览的时候先跳过。
这样就可以看到把that are interpretations 和of reality连接起来了。
That引导定语从句，修饰objects of art。
译文：而且，我从艺术品上能够感到强烈的情感。
艺术品是对现实的阐释，而非代表现实。
第三类：语序调整或倒装：为了平衡句子的结构或强调一些内容，通常会人为地对句子进行句序调整。
例：Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.分析：否定副词nowhere放在句首，所以句子出现部分倒装。
注意：more 与否定词nowhere一起使用，相当于最高级。
dramatize 此处的意思是“突出显示，使…戏剧化”。
译文：1980年美国的人口普查数据表明，没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。
第四类：省略：相对以上三种来讲比较简单，在短句中大家一般都可以看出。
但是如果在长句中出现，特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现，也会给同学们带来很大的困难。
例：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.正常语序：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants will be favored and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.该例句中which引导的定语从句修饰sex ratio，由于谓语句子主干较短，所以进行了后置。
另外，and并列的后半句省略了主谓语that sex ratio maximizes。
三大从句类型：从句是最常见的语法形式，也是构成长难句的基本要素。
正是因为从句的存在，才使得句子的表达层次化、多样化、复杂化。
●名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语或同位语）●定语从句●状语从句。
名词性从句：在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。
由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。
也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。
名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)如whether,that,who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,how,why等引导。
它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
定语从句分为限定性定语从句(和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用。
一般从句不能省略，如果省略整个句子意思不完整。
非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充作用。
一般从句可以省略，如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。
状语从句：指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。
从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
名词性从句：一、主语从句（一）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都没有关系。
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。
How he is going to do it is a mystery.他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。
（二）用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。
为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。
（It没有翻译）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。
（It 翻译为“这”）有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。
在汉语译文的开始，一般可以用“...的是，...”这样的结构来翻译。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。
（It不用翻译，还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译）二、宾语从句（一）用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。
Can you hear what I say?你听得到我所讲的吗？I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游过了那条河。
I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。
Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。
He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
（二）用it 作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。
（it没有翻译）I heard it said that he had gone abroad.听说他已经出国了。
（it没有翻译）但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻译。
I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被选参加会议，感到光荣。
（it没有翻译）We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。