《国际经济学》第08章在线测试
国际经济学试题及答案（题库）
国际经济学试题及答案（题库）国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。
2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。
3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。
4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。
5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。
6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。
7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。
第二章：1、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；李嘉图的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。
2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。
3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。
4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。
5、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；劳动生产率的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。
6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。
7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。
8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。
9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。
选择题：1、首先用机会成本理论来解释比较优势原理的学者是： C、A、李嘉图B、罗布津斯基C、哈伯勒D、穆勒第三章：1、要素禀赋理论最初是由赫克歇尔和俄林提出的，后经萨缪尔森等人加工不断完善。
国际经济学第九版英文课后答案第8单元
国际经济学第九版英文课后答案第8单元*CHAPTER 8 (Core Chapter)TRADE RESTRICTIONS: TARIFFSOUTLINE8.1 Introduction8.2 Partial Equilibrium Analysis of a T ariffCase Study 8-1: Average Tariff on Non-Agricultural Products in Major Developed CountriesCase Study 8-2: Average Tariff on Non-Agricultural Products in Some MajorDeveloping Countries8.2a Partial Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff8.2b Effects of a Tariff on Producer and Consumer Surplus8.2c Costs and Benefits of a TariffCase Study 8-3: The Welfare Effects of Liberalizing Trade in Some U.S. Products Case Study 8-4: The Welfare Effects of Liberalizing Trade in Some EU Products 8.3 The Theory of Tariff Structure8.3a The Rate of Effective Protection8.3b Generalization and Evaluation of the Theory of Effective ProtectionCase Study 8-5: Rising Tariff Rates with Degree of Domestic ProcessingCase Study 8-6: Structure of Tariffs on Industrial Products in U.S., EU, Japan, and Canada8.4 General Equilibrium Analysis of a T ariff in a Small Country8.4a General Equilibrium Effects of a T ariff in a Small Country8.4b Illustration of the Effects of a Tariff in a Small Country8.4c The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem8.5 General Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff in a Large Country8.5a General Equilibrium Effects of a T ariff in a Large Country8.5b Illustration of the Effects of a Tariff in a Large Country8.6 The Optimum Tariff8.6a The Meaning of the Concept and Retaliation8.6b Illustration of the Optimum Tariff and RetaliationAppendix: A8.1 Partial Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff in a Large NationA8.2 Derivation of the Formula for the Rate of Effective ProtectionA8.3 The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem GraphicallyA8.4 Exception to the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem - The MetzlerParadoxA8.5 Short-run Effect of a Tariff on Factors' IncomeA8.6 Measurement of the Optimum T ariffKey TermsTrade or commercial policies Consumer surplusImport tariff Rent or producer surplusExport tariff Protection cost or deadweight loss of a tariff Ad valorem tariff Nominal tariffSpecific tariff Rate of effective protectionCompound tariff Domestic value addedConsumption effect of a tariff Prohibitive tariffProduction effect of a tariff Stolper-Samuelson theoremTrade effect of a tariff Metzler paradoxRevenue effect of a tariff Optimum tariffLecture Guide1.I would cover sections 1 and 2 and assign problems 1-2 in the first lecture. Themost difficult part of section 2 is the meaning and measurement of consumer and producer surplus. Since a clear understanding of the meaning and measurementof consumer and producer surplus is crucial in evaluating the effect of tariffs, Iwould explain t hese concepts very carefully.2.I would then cover section 3 and assign problems 3-6 in the second lecture. Thetheory of tariff structure is also very difficult and important, and so I would alsoexplain this concept very carefully. I found that the best way to explain it is byusing the simple example used in the text of the suit with and without importedinputs.3.The rest of the chapter can be skipped without loss of continuity by thoseInstructors who do not wish to cover the general equilibrium effects of tariffs. 4.For those Instructors who wish to cover the rest of the chapter, I would take upanother two lectures to do so. I would also assign and grade problems 8-14 tomake sure that students understand the material.5.In covering section 8.4, I would pay special attention to the explanation of Figure8-5 and to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem.6.In covering Section 8.6, please note that the optimum tariff can only be discussedintuitively without trade indifference curves (examined in Appendix A8.6). Answer to Problems1.a) Consumption is 70Y, production is 10Y and imports are 60Y (see Figure 1 onthe next page).b) Consumption is 60Y, production is 20Y and imports are 40Y (see Figure 1).c) The consumption effect is -10Y, the production effect is +10Y, the trade effectis -20Y and the revenue effect is $40 (see Figure 1).2. a) The consumer surplus is $245 without and $l80 with the tariff (see Figure 1).b)Of the increase in the revenue of producers with the tariff (as compared withtheir revenues under free trade), $l5 represents the increase in production costsand another $15 represents the increase in rent or producer surplus (see Figure1).c) The dollar value or the protection cost of the tariff is $l0 (see Figure 1).3. This will increase the rate of effective protection in the nation.4. a) g = 0.4 - (0.5)(0.4) = 0.4 - 0.2 = 0.2 = 40%1.0 - 0.5 0.5 0.55. a) g=60%b) g=80%c) g=0d) g=20%6. a) g=70%b) See the first paragraph of section 8.3b.7. See Figure 2.8.When Nation 1 (assumed to be a small nation) imposes an import tariff oncommodity Y, the real income of labor falls and that of capital rises.9.Py/Px rises for domestic producers and consumers. As production of Y (the K-intensive commodity) rises and that of X falls, the demand and income of K rises and that of L falls. Therefore, r rises and w falls.10.If Nation 1 were instead a large nation, then Nation 1's terms of trade rise and thereal income of L may also rise.India is more likely to restrict imports of K-intensive commodities in which India has a comparative disadvantage and this is likely to increase the return to capitaland reduce the return to labor according to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem.12. See Figure 3 on the previous page.13. See Figure 4.14. a) The volume of trade may shrink to zero (the origin of offer curves).App. 1. The more elastic S H and S F are, the lower is the free trade priceof the commodity and the lower is the increase in the domesticprice of the commodity as a result of the tariff.App. 2a. The supply curve of the nation for the commodity shifts upand to the left (as with the imposition of any tax); this does not affectthe consumption of the commodity with free trade, but it reducesdomestic production and increases imports of the commodity; italso increases the revenue effect and reduces producers' surplus.b)The imposition of a tariff on imported inputs going into the domestic productionof the commodity will have no effect on the size of the protection cost ordeadweight loss.App. 3. See Figure 5 (on the next page).App. 4. See Figure 6.App. 5. Real w will fall in terms of Y and rise in terms of X. On theother hand, r eal r will rise in terms of Y and fall in terms of X. Thiscan be seen by drawing a figure similar to Figure 8-10, but with theVMPLy curve shifting upward.App. 6a. See Figure 7.c) After Nation 1 has imposed an optimum tariff and Nation2 has retaliatedwith an optimum tariff of its own, the approximate terms of trade for Nation1 is 0.8, while the approximate terms of trade of Nation2 is 1.25.d) Nation 1's welfare declines from the reduction in the volume and in the termsof trade. Although nation 2's terms of trade are higher than under free trade,the volume of trade has shrunk so much that nation 2's welfare is also likelyto be lower than under free trade.Multiple-choice Questions1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?a. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded commodityb. a specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.c. export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution*d. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff2. A small nation is one:a. which does not affect world price by its tradingb. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodityc. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of the tariff*d. all of the above3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:a. consumption of the commodity increasesb. production of the commodity decreasesc. imports of the commodity increase*d. none of the above4.The increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured bythe area:*a. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffb. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariffc. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariffd. none of the above.5. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity:*a. the rent of domestic producers of the commodity increasesb. the protection cost of the tariff decreasesc. the deadweight loss decreasesd. all of the above6.Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to the rate of effectiveprotection?a. for given values of ai and ti, g is larger the greater is tb. for a given value of t and ti, g is larger the greater is a ic. g exceeds, is equal to or is smaller than t, as t i is smaller than, is equal to or is larger than t*d. when a i t i exceeds t, the rate of effective protection is positive7. With a i=50%, t i=0, and t=20%, g is:*a. 40%b. 20%c. 80%d. 08. The imposition of an import tariff by a small nation:*a. increases the relative price of the import commodity for domestic producers and consumersb. reduces the relative price of the import commodity for domestic producers and consumersc. increases the relative price of the import commodity for the nation as a wholed. any of the above is possible9. The imposition of an import tariff by a small nation:a. increases the nation's welfare*b. reduces the nation's welfarec. leaves the nation's welfare unchangedd. any of the above is possible10. According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, theimposition of a tariff by a nation:a. increases the real return of the nation's abundant factor*b. increases the real return of the nation's scarce factorc. reduces the real return of the nation's scarce factord. any of the above is possible11. The imposition of an import tariff by a nation results in:a. an increase in relative price of the nation's import commodityb. an increase in the nation's production of its importable commodityc. reduces the real return of the nation's abundant factor*d. all of the above12. The imposition of an import tariff by a nation can be represented by a rotation of the: *a. nation's offer curve away from the axis measuring the commodity of its comparative advantageb. the nation's offer curve toward the axis measuring the commodity of its comparative advantagec. the other nation's offer curve toward the axis measuring the commodity of its comparative advantaged. the other nation's offer curve away from the axis measuring the commodity of its comparative advantage13. The imposition of an import tariff by a large nation:a. increases the nation's terms of tradeb. reduces the volume of tradec. may increase or reduce the nation's welfare*d. all of the above14. The imposition of an optimum tariff by a large nation:a. improves its terms of tradeb. reduces the volume of tradec. increases the nation's welfare*d. all of the above15. The optimum tariff for a small nation is:a. 100%b. 50%*c. 0d. depends on elasticities。
《国际经济学》篇章精选练习题与答案
第1章绪论重点问题:国际经济学的产生、发展、对象及其其他经济学科的关系单选1．国际经济学分析的最基本的出发点是（B）A经济增长 B经济自然增长 C制度创新的经济增长 D经济发展2．经济发展是（D）A经济结构的变革 B社会和政治体制的变革 C经济自然增长 D制度创新的经济增长3．国际经济最基本的出发点是（B ）A社会分工 B国际分工 C产业分工 D产业之间的分工和合作4．国际经济交往的主要方式是（A）A生产要跨国界流动 B国际分工 C商品跨国界流通 D开放经济第2章古典国际贸易理论重点问题：绝对利益说的基本容及其评价比较利益说的基本容及其评价单选1．在斯密的绝对优势贸易理论中，(C)。
A所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和B具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额C如果两个国家分别出口本国劳动成本相对较低的产品，将同时从贸易中获益D如果一国不用关税壁垒保护本国产业，将丧失绝对优势2．嘉图的比较优势理论指出，(B)。
A贸易导致不完全专业化B即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益C与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多D只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额3．如果一个阿根廷工人能生产3蒲式耳小麦或1辆汽车，而一个巴西工人能生产4蒲式耳小麦或2辆汽车，则(D)。
A巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷没有比较优势B阿根廷在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而巴西没有比较优势C巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在汽车生产上具有比较优势D巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在小麦生产上具有比较优势4．根据比较优势原理的政策经验，一国从国际贸易中获益的条件是(B)。
A制造大量出口顺差 B以较低的机会成本进口商品而不是在国生产C本国比贸易伙伴强大 D本国相对于贸易伙伴具备绝对效率优势5.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( A )A.劳动生产率的差异B.技术水平的差异C.产品品质的差异D.价格的差异6.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价( C )A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国比价之上B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国比价之下C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国比价之间D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国比价相同简答：1．请从国际贸易实际出发评价绝对利益说 P20斯密的绝对利益学说揭示了在自由市场经济条件下，国际贸易产生的原因在于两国之间劳动生产率的绝对差异，按照绝对利益学说的原则进行国际分工，贸易的参与者与整个世界会因此而获得利益。
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》(第8版)课后习题详解
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》（第8版）课后习题详解克鲁格曼《国际经济学》(第8版)课后习题详解第1章绪论本章不是考试的重点章节，建议读者对本章内容只作大致了解即可，本章没有相关的课后习题。
第1篇国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易概览一、概念题1>(发展中国家(developing countries)答:发展中国家是与发达国家相对的经济上比较落后的国家，又称“欠发达国家”或“落后国家”。
通常指第三世界国家，包括亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲及其他地区的130多个国家。
衡量一国是否为发展中国家的具体标准有很多种，如经济学家刘易斯和世界银行均提出过界定发展中国家的标准。
一般而言，凡人均收入低于美国人均收入的五分之一的国家就被定义为发展中国家。
比较贫困和落后是发展中国家的共同特点。
2>(服务外包(service outsourcing)答:服务外包是指企业将其非核心的业务外包出去，利用外部最优秀的专业化团队来承接其业务，从而使其专注于核心业务，达到降低成本、提高效率、增强企业核心竞争力和对环境应变能力的一种管理模式。
20世纪90年代以来，随着信息技术的迅速发展，特别是互联网的普遍存在及广泛应用，服务外包得到蓬勃发展。
从美国到英国，从欧洲到亚洲，无论是中小企业还是跨国公司，都把自己有限的资源集中于公司的核心能力上而将其余业务交给外部专业公司，服务外包成为“发达经济中不断成长的现象”。
3>(引力模型(gravity model)答:丁伯根和波伊赫能的引力模型基本表达式为:其中，是国与国的贸易额，为常量，是国的国内生产总值，是国的国内生产总值，是两国的距离。
、、三个参数是用来拟合实际的经济数据。
引力模型方程式表明:其他条件不变的情况下，两国间的贸易规模与两国的GDP成正比，与两国间的距离成反比。
把整个世界贸易看成整体，可利用引力模型来预测任意两国之间的贸易规模。
另外，引力模型也可以用来明确国际贸易中的异常现象。
4>(第三世界(third world)答:第三世界这个名词原本是指法国大革命中的Third Estate(第三阶级)。
国际经济学课程学习题集与参考答案
国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界围的资源配置问题。
2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。
3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。
4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。
5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。
6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。
7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。
第二章：1、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；嘉图的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。
2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。
3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。
4、嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。
5、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；劳动生产率的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。
6、在嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。
7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。
8、嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。
9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。
选择题：1、首先用机会成本理论来解释比较优势原理的学者是： C、A、嘉图B、罗布津斯基C、哈伯勒D、穆勒第三章：1、要素禀赋理论最初是由赫克歇尔和俄林提出的，后经萨缪尔森等人加工不断完善。
2、要素禀赋理论由H-O定理、要素价格均等化定理和罗伯津斯基定理、斯托伯-萨缪尔森定理等构成3、要素价格均等化理论指出国际贸易通过商品价格的均等化会导致要素价格的均等化，从而在世界围实现资源的最佳配置。
《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案
《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案无论在学习或是工作中，我们或多或少都会接触到练习题，做习题有助于提高我们分析问题和解决问题的能力。
大家知道什么样的习题才是规范的吗？下面是小编收集整理的《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案1单选1．中国在东北生产、出口水泥而华南从泰国进口水泥，属于（A）A同质的产业内贸曟B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易2．中国一方面吸引外国银行在华投资，经营金融业务，另一方面又在世界其他国家和地区投资分行、分公司，从事当地的金融、保险业务，属于（A）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易3．欧洲一些国家在本国电力事从邻国进口，而在本国不太需要时出口供邻国使用，形成（A）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技柟差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易4．欧盟的空中飞机在不同欧盟成员国内分工制造、组装的，零部件、整机的进出口，属于（A）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易5．一些国家进口自己偏好但又没有大量原料进行生产的服装，而出口自己有丰富原料生产的衣服，属于（B）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易6．中国既是世界上列于前位的IT产品的生产与出口国，但同时是高科技IT产品的进口国，属于（C）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易7．发达国家在出口高档豪华车的同时，从其他发展中国家进口一些中、低质量的同类产品，属于（D）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易8．新H-O模型解释的国际贸易类型是（D）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸曟C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易9．克鲁格曼认为，产生产业内贸易的根本原因是（B）A差异产品的可选择性B规模经济C收入相似D经济发展水平相同10．林德需求重叠理论(B)。
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》第八版课后答案(英文)-Ch08
Chapter 8The Instruments of Trade PolicyChapter OrganizationBasic Tariff AnalysisSupply, Demand, and Trade in a Single IndustryEffects of a TariffMeasuring the Amount of ProtectionCosts and Benefits of a TariffConsumer and Producer SurplusMeasuring the Costs and BenefitsOther Instruments of Trade PolicyExport Subsidies: TheoryCase Study: Europe’s Common Agricultural PolicyImport Quotas: TheoryCase Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. SugarVoluntary Export RestraintsCase Study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice: Japanese Autos Local Content RequirementsBox: American Buses, Made in HungaryOther Trade Policy InstrumentsThe Effects of Trade Policy: A SummarySummaryAppendix I: Tariff Analysis in General EquilibriumA Tariff in a Small CountryA Tariff in a Large CountryAppendix II: Tariffs and Import Quotas in the Presence of Monopoly The Model with Free TradeThe Model with a TariffThe Model with an Import QuotaComparing a Tariff with a QuotaChapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 33Chapter OverviewThis chapter and the next three focus on international trade policy. Students will have heard various arguments for and against restrictive trade practices in the media. Some of these arguments are sound and some are clearly not grounded in fact. This chapter provides a framework for analyzing the economic effects of trade policies by describing the tools of trade policy and analyzing their effects on consumers and producers in domestic and foreign countries. Case studies discuss actual episodes of restrictive trade practices. An instructor might try to underscore the relevance of these issues by having students scan newspapers and magazines for other timely examples of protectionism at work.The analysis presented here takes a partial equilibrium view, focusing on demand and supply in one market, rather than the general equilibrium approach followed in previous chapters. Import demand and export supply curves are derived from domestic and foreign demand and supply curves. There are a number of trade policy instruments analyzed in this chapter using these tools. Some of the important instruments of trade policy include specific tariffs, defined as taxes levied as a fixed charge for each unit of a good imported; ad valorem tariffs, levied as a fraction of the value of the imported good; export subsidies, which are payments given to a firm or industry that ships a good abroad; import quotas, which are direct restrictions on the quantity of some good that may be imported; voluntary export restraints, which are quotas on trading that are imposed by the exporting country instead of the importing country; and local content requirements, which are regulations that require that some specified fraction of a good is produced domestically.The import supply and export demand analysis demonstrates that the imposition of a tariff drives a wedge between prices in domestic and foreign markets, and increases prices in the country imposing the tariff and lowers the price in the other country by less than the amount of the tariff. This contrasts with most textbook presentations which make the small country assumption that the domestic internal price equals the world price times one plus the tariff rate. The actual protection provided by a tariff willnot equal the tariff rate if imported intermediate goods are used in the production of the protected good. The proper measurement, the effective rate of protection, is described in the text and calculated for a sample problem.The analysis of the costs and benefits of trade restrictions require tools of welfare analysis. The text explains the essential tools of consumer and producer surplus. Consumer surplus on each unit sold is defined as the difference between the actual price and the amount that consumers would have been willing to pay for the product. Geometrically, consumer surplus is equal to the area under the demand curve and above the price of the good. Producer surplus is the difference between the minimum amount for which a producer is willing to sell his product and the price which he actually receives. Geometrically, producer surplus is equal to the area above the supply curve and below the price line. These tools are fundamental to the student’s understanding of the implications of trade polici es and should be developed carefully. The costs of a tariff include distortionary efficiency losses in both consumption and production. A tariff provides gains from terms of trade improvement when and if it lowers the foreign export price. Summing the areas in a diagram of internal demand and supply provides a method for analyzing the net loss or gain from a tariff.Other instruments of trade policy can be analyzed with this method. An export subsidy operates in exactly the reverse fashion of an import tariff. An import quota has similar effects as an import tariff upon prices and quantities, but revenues, in the form of quota rents, accrue to foreign producers of the protected good. Voluntary export restraints are a form of quotas in which import licenses are held by foreign governments. Local content requirements raise the price of imports and domestic goods and do not result in either government revenue or quota rents.34 Krugman/Obstfeld •International Economics: Theory and Policy, Eighth EditionThroughout the chapter the analysis of different trade restrictions are illustrated by drawing upon specific episodes. Europe’s common agricultural policy provides and example of export subsidies in action. The case study corresponding to quotas describes trade restrictions on U.S. sugar imports. Voluntary export restraints are discussed in the context of Japanese auto sales to the United States. The oil import quota in the United States in the 1960’s provides an example of a local content scheme.There are two appendices to this chapter. Appendix I uses a general equilibrium framework to analyze the impact of a tariff, departing from the partial equilibrium approach taken in the chapter. When a small country imposes a tariff, it shifts production away from its exported good and toward the imported good. Consumption shifts toward the domestically produced goods. Both the volume of trade and welfare of the country decline. A large country imposing a tariff can improve its terms of trade by an amount potentially large enough to offset the production and consumption distortions. For a large country, a tariff may be welfare improving.Appendix II discusses tariffs and import quotas in the presence of a domestic monopoly. Free trade eliminates the monopoly power of a domestic producer and the monopolist mimics the actions of a firm in a perfectly competitive market, setting output such that marginal cost equals world price. A tariff raises domestic price. The monopolist, still facing a perfectly elastic demand curve, sets output such that marginal cost equals internal price. A monopolist faces a downward sloping demand curve under a quota.A quota is not equivalent to a tariff in this case. Domestic production is lower and internal price higher when a particular level of imports is obtained through the imposition of a quota rather than a tariff.Answers to Textbook Problems1. The import demand equation, MD, is found by subtracting the home supply equation from the homedemand equation. This results in MD= 80 - 40 ⨯P. Without trade, domestic prices and quantities adjust such that import demand is zero. Thus, the price in the absence of trade is 2.2. a. Foreign’s export supply curve, XS, is XS=-40 + 40⨯P. In the absence of trade, the price is 1.b. When trade occurs, export supply is equal to import demand, XS=MD. Thus, using theequations from Problems 1 and 2a, P= 1.50, and the volume of trade is 20.3. a. The new MD curve is 80 - 40 ⨯ (P+ t) where t is the specific tariff rate, equal to 0.5. (Note: Insolving these problems, you should be careful about whether a specific tariff or ad valorem tariff is imposed. With an ad valorem tariff, the MD equation would be expressed as MD= 80 - 40 ⨯(1 + t)P.) The equation for the export supply curve by the foreign country is unchanged. Solving,we find that the world price is $1.25, and thus the internal price at home is $1.75. The volume of trade has been reduced to 10, and the total demand for wheat at home has fallen to 65 (from thefree trade level of 70). The total demand for wheat in Foreign has gone up from 50 to 55.b. andc. The welfare of the home country is best studied using the combined numerical andgraphical solutions presented below in Figure 8.1.Figure 8.1Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 35where the areas in the figure are:a.55(1.75 - 1.50) -0.5(55 - 50)(1.75 - 1.50) = 13.125b. 0.5(55 - 50)(1.75 - 1.50) = 0.625c. (65 - 55)(1.75 - 1.50) = 2.50d. 0.5(70 - 65)(1.75 - 1.50) = 0.625e. (65 - 55)(1.50 - 1.25) = 2.50Consumer surplus change: -(a+ b+ c+ d) =-16.875. Producer surplus change: a= 13.125.Government revenue change: c+ e= 5. Efficiency losses b+ d are exceeded by terms of tradegain e. (Note: In the calculations for the a, b, and d areas, a figure of 0.5 shows up. This isbecause we are measuring the area of a triangle, which is one-half of the area of the rectangledefined by the product of the horizontal and vertical sides.)4. Using the same solution methodology as in Problem 3, when the home country is very small relativeto the foreign country, its effects on the terms of trade are expected to be much less. The smallcountry is much more likely to be hurt by its imposition of a tariff. Indeed, this intuition is shown in this problem. The free trade equilibrium is now at the price $1.09 and the trade volume is now$36.40.With the imposition of a tariff of 0.5 by Home, the new world price is $1.045, the internal home price is $1.545, home demand is 69.10 units, home supply is 50.90, and the volume of trade is 18.20.When Home is relatively small, the effect of a tariff on world price is smaller than when Home is relatively large. When Foreign and Home were closer in size, a tariff of 0.5 by home lowered world price by 25 percent, whereas in this case the same tariff lowers world price by about 5 percent. The internal Home price is now closer to the free trade price plus t than when Home was relatively large.In this case, the government revenues from the tariff equal 9.10, the consumer surplus loss is 33.51, and the producer surplus gain is 21.089. The distortionary losses associated with the tariff (areas b+ d) sum to 4.14 and the terms of trade gain (e) is 0.819. Clearly, in this small country example, the distortionary losses from the tariff swamp the terms of trade gains. The general lesson is the smaller the economy, the larger the losses from a tariff since the terms of trade gains are smaller.5. ERP = (200 ⨯ 1.50 - 200)/100 = 100%6. The effective rate of protection takes into consideration the costs of imported intermediate goods.Here, 55% of the cost can be imported, suggesting with no distortion, home value added would be 45%. A 15% increase in the price of ethanol, though, means home value added could be as high as 60%. Effective rate of protection = (V t-V w)/V w, where V t is the value added in the presence of trade policies, and V w is the value added without trade distortions. In this case, we have (60 - 45)/45 = 33% effective rate of protection.7. We first use the foreign export supply and domestic import demand curves to determine the newworld price. The foreign supply of exports curve, with a foreign subsidy of 50 percent per unit,becomes XS=-40 + 40(1 + 0.5) ⨯P. The equilibrium world price is 1.2 and the internal foreign price is 1.8. The volume of trade is 32. The foreign demand and supply curves are used to determine the costs and benefits of the subsidy. Construct a diagram similar to that in the text and calculate the area of the various polygons. The government must provide (1.8 - 1.2)⨯ 32 = 19.2 units of output to support the subsidy. Foreign producers surplus rises due to the subsidy by the amount of 15.3 units of output. Foreign consumers surplus falls due to the higher price by 7.5 units of the good. Thus, the net loss to Foreign due to the subsidy is 7.5 + 19.2 - 15.3 = 11.4 units of output. Home consumers and producers face an internal price of 1.2 as a result of the subsidy. Home consumers surplus rises by 70 ⨯ 0.3 + 0.5 (6⨯ 0.3) = 21.9, while Home producers surplus falls by 44 ⨯ 0.3 + 0.5(6 ⨯ 0.3) =14.1, for a net gain of 7.8 units of output.36 Krugman/Obstfeld •International Economics: Theory and Policy, Eighth Edition8. a. False, unemployment has more to do with labor market issues and the business cycle than withtariff policy.b. False, the opposite is true because tariffs by large countries can actually reduce world priceswhich helps offset their effects on consumers.c. This kind of policy might reduce automobile production and Mexico, but also would increase theprice of automobiles in the United States, and would result in the same welfare loss associatedwith any quota.9. At a price of $10 per bag of peanuts, Acirema imports 200 bags of peanuts. A quota limiting theimport of peanuts to 50 bags has the following effects:a. The price of peanuts rises to $20 per bag.b. The quota rents are ($20 - $10) ⨯ 50 = $500.c. The consumption distortion loss is 0.5 ⨯ 100 bags ⨯ $10 per bag = $500.d. The production distortion loss is 0.5 ⨯ 50 bags ⨯ $10 per bag = $250.10. The reason is largely that the benefits of these policies accrue to a small group of people and thecosts are spread out over many people. Thus, those that benefit care far more deeply about these policies. These typical political economy problems associated with trade policy are probably even more troublesome in agriculture, where there are long standing cultural reasons for farmers andfarming communities to want to hold onto their way of life, making the interests even moreentrenched than they would normally be.11. It would improve the income distribution within the economy since wages in manufacturing wouldincrease, and real incomes for others in the economy would decrease due to higher prices formanufactured goods. This is true only under the assumption that manufacturing wages are lower than all others in the economy. If they were higher than others in the economy, the tariff policies would worsen the income distribution.。
国际经济学测试题
国际经济学测试题1一、单项选择（将答案填在下面的表格内，1’×10=10’）1．重商主义者认为国际贸易（）。
A．是一种双赢行为 B. 对其中的强国有利C．对其中的弱国有利 D. 是一种零和行为2．斯密的绝对优势理论假定增加某种产品的生产所放弃的另一种产品生产的代价是（）。
A．递增的 B. 递减的C. 不变的D. 不确定的3．如果说一国的资本要素比较丰裕，就意味着（）。
A. 该国的资本要素总量较多B. 该国的W/R的值较大C. 该国的K/L的值较小D. 该国的生产中较多使用技术4．根据特定要素模型，国际贸易的受损者为（）。
A. 进口竞争部门的特定要素所有者B. 进口竞争部门的流动要素所有者C. 出口部门的特定要素所有者D. 出口部门的流动要素所有者5．根据产品生命周期理论，发明国的新产品出口（）。
A. 在产品问世的时候即已开始B. 贯穿整个生命周期C. 是一个先增加然后逐渐减少的过程D. 以上三者都正确6. 在局部均衡分析中，与小国相比，大国征收关税的主要不同在于（）。
A. 保护效应更明显B. 消费效应更明显C. 能够改善贸易条件D. 对政府税收没有影响7．如果一国在征收进口税时，对最终产品征收的关税低于中间产品，则可以使关税的实际保护效果（）。
A. 增大B. 变小C. 没有影响D. 无法判断8．购买力平价理论的基础是（）。
A. 粘性价格的存在B. 货币数量理论C. 马歇尔－勒纳条件D. 一价定律9．根据吸收分析法，贬值一定会（）。
A. 导致国内总收入的增加B. 改善国际收支C. 促使国内货币供求重新平衡D. 上述说法都不对10. 根据斯旺图示，用来调节外部均衡的手段是（）。
A. 支出转换政策B. 支出调整政策C. 本国的货币政策D. 本国的财政政策二、多项选择（将答案填在下面的表格内，1’×10=10’）1. 能够解释二战以后国际贸易流向新格局的理论包括（）。
A．规模经济理论B. 产业内贸易理论C．产品差异化理论D. 需求偏好相似理论E．要素禀赋理论2. 对里昂惕夫之谜进行解释的学说包括（）。
智慧树知到《国际经济学》2020章节测试答案
4、差异产品是指在使用功能等方面明显不同于其他产品，且被消费者认可的产品。
答案：
5、在规模经济发挥作用的部门，两国的国际分工决定于谁在特定的生产部门中的生产效率较高。
答案：X
6、倾销指不完全竞争企业以低于成本的价格向国外销售商品。
答案：X
7、代表性需求代表了一国对各类产品需求中规模最大的部分的需求量。
答案：
4、偏向进口的生产要素增长会增加一国对外贸易的依赖度。
答案：X
5、如果一国是国际市场价格的接受者，则该国不会发生”悲惨性增长’。
答案：
6、产品生命周期理论是由美国经济学家罗伯特逊提出来的。
答案：X
7、东亚地区的国际分工和贸易与雁形模式的描述类似。
答案：
8、恩格尔系数说明，在贸易中生产需求弹性大的产品生产国在贸易中会处于有利地位。
A、东京回合
B、乌拉圭回合
C、肯尼迪回合
D、日内瓦回合
答案：B
10、GATT在第三阶段谈判想要解决的核心问题是（）。
A、进口关税减让
B、一揽子解决多边贸易体制根本性问题
C、非关税减让
D、成立世界贸易组织
答案：B
第十一章测试
1、国际收支就是外汇收支。
答案：X
2、不发生外汇收付的交易， 不应记录在国际收支平衡表上。
答案：X
7、倾销是在不同国家市场进行的一种价格歧视行为。
答案：
8、通常，进口国会采用配额的方式来抵制倾销。
答案：X
9、德国经济学家李斯特的代表作是《政治经济学与幼稚产业保护》。
答案：X
10、（）认为对处于衰落的工业部门应给予暂时性的保护。
A、幼稚产业保护论
B、国防论
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》(第8版)课后习题详解
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》（第8版）课后习题详解克鲁格曼《国际经济学》(第8版)课后习题详解第1章绪论本章不是考试的重点章节，建议读者对本章内容只作大致了解即可，本章没有相关的课后习题。
第1篇国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易概览一、概念题1>(发展中国家(developing countries)答:发展中国家是与发达国家相对的经济上比较落后的国家，又称“欠发达国家”或“落后国家”。
通常指第三世界国家，包括亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲及其他地区的130多个国家。
衡量一国是否为发展中国家的具体标准有很多种，如经济学家刘易斯和世界银行均提出过界定发展中国家的标准。
一般而言，凡人均收入低于美国人均收入的五分之一的国家就被定义为发展中国家。
比较贫困和落后是发展中国家的共同特点。
2>(服务外包(service outsourcing)答:服务外包是指企业将其非核心的业务外包出去，利用外部最优秀的专业化团队来承接其业务，从而使其专注于核心业务，达到降低成本、提高效率、增强企业核心竞争力和对环境应变能力的一种管理模式。
20世纪90年代以来，随着信息技术的迅速发展，特别是互联网的普遍存在及广泛应用，服务外包得到蓬勃发展。
从美国到英国，从欧洲到亚洲，无论是中小企业还是跨国公司，都把自己有限的资源集中于公司的核心能力上而将其余业务交给外部专业公司，服务外包成为“发达经济中不断成长的现象”。
3>(引力模型(gravity model)答:丁伯根和波伊赫能的引力模型基本表达式为:其中，是国与国的贸易额，为常量，是国的国内生产总值，是国的国内生产总值，是两国的距离。
、、三个参数是用来拟合实际的经济数据。
引力模型方程式表明:其他条件不变的情况下，两国间的贸易规模与两国的GDP成正比，与两国间的距离成反比。
把整个世界贸易看成整体，可利用引力模型来预测任意两国之间的贸易规模。
另外，引力模型也可以用来明确国际贸易中的异常现象。
4>(第三世界(third world)答:第三世界这个名词原本是指法国大革命中的Third Estate(第三阶级)。
《国际经济学》练习题参考答案
《国际经济学》练习题参考答案一、名词解释一价定律：一价定律是绝对购买力平价理论成立的前提条件，指的是任何一种商品在不同国家以同种货币表示时价格都相等。
购买力平价：指两种货币之间的汇率决定于它们单位货币购买力之间的比例。
国际收支：在一定时期内，一国居民与非本国居民间全部经济交易的的系统记录。
产品生命周期：产品生命周期是指新产品经历发明、应用、推广到市场饱和、产品衰落，进而被其他产品所替代四个阶段。
绝对优势原理：由英国古典经济学家亚当·斯密提出，是指在某种商品的生产上，一个经济在劳动生产率上占有绝对优势，或其生产所耗费的劳动成本绝对低于另一个经济。
若各个经济都从事自己占绝对优势的产品的生产，继而进行交换，那么双方都可以通过交换得到绝对的利益，从而整个世界也可以获得分工的好处。
里昂惕夫之谜：里昂惕夫之谜是由美国经济学家里昂惕夫在用其所提出的投入——产出分析方法检验美国进出口是否符合H—O理论所提出的，按照H—O理论，美国应该专业化生产并出口资本密集型的产品，进口劳动密集型的产品，但是，里昂惕夫经过检验计算得出，美国出口的是劳动密集型的产品，进口的是资本密集型的产品，刚好与H—O相反。
因此，人们把这个理论称之为里昂惕夫之谜。
围绕里昂惕夫之谜，经济学家对国际贸易理论进行了更深入的研究。
比较优势原理：即使一国在两种产品的生产上都较另一国没有效率，仍然可以进行双赢的贸易。
第一国应该专业化生产并出口其绝对劣势较小的产品，而进口其绝对劣势较大的产品。
另一个国家则进行相反的贸易。
有效关税率：也叫有效关税率，是指对某个工业每单位产品“增值”部分的从价税率，其税率代表着关税对本国同类产品的真正有效的保护程度。
贸易乘数：指对外贸易对经济增长的巨大作用，通过对外贸易的发展，从而带动国内要素的优化配置，可以对国民经济带来乘数倍的效应。
马歇尔－勒纳条件：是勒纳在马歇尔的国际收支调节乘数论的基础上进一步研究的结果，指的是在供给弹性无穷大的情况下，如果进出口需求弹性的绝对值大于1，货币贬值就能使一国国际收支得到改善，由逆差变为顺差。
国际经济学作业答案-第八章经典.doc
Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade PolicyMultiple Choice Questions1. Specific tariffs are(a) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.(b) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.(c) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.(d) the same as import quotas.(e) None of the above.Answer: B2. Ad valorem tariffs are(a) import taxes stated in ads in industry publications.(b) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.(c) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.(d) the same as import quotas(e) None of the above.Answer: C3. The excess supply curve of a product we (H) import from foreign countries (F) increases as(a) excess demand of country H increases.(b) excess demand of country F increases.(c) excess supply of country H increases.(d) excess supply of country F increases.(e) None of the above.Answer: D4. If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariffin country H(a) raises the price of the good in both countries (the “Law of One Price”).(b) raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F.(c) lowers the price of the good in both countries.(d) lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F.(e) raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F.Answer: EChapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 93 5. If a good is imported into (small) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff Incountry H(a) raises the price of the good in both countries (the “Law of One Price”).(b) raises the price in country H and does not affect its price in country F.(c) lowers the price of the good in both countries.(d) lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F.(e) raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F.Answer: B6. If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff in countryH in the presence of the Metzler Paradox,(a) raises the price of the good in both countries (the “Law of One Price”).(b) raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F.(c) lowers the price of the good in both countries.(d) lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F.(e) raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F.Answer: C7. The effective rate of protection measures(a) the “true” ad valorum value of a tariff.(b) the quota equivalent value of a tariff.(c) the efficiency with which the tariff is collected at the customhouse.(d) the protection given by the tariff to domestic value added.(e) None of the above.Answer: D8. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domesticallyproduced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in thecomputer industry will(a) increase.(b) decrease(c) remain the same.(d) depend on whether computers are PCs or “Supercomputers.”(e) None of the above.Answer: A9. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but the government then adds hitherto nonexistent tariffson imported semi-conductor components, then the effective rate of protection in the computerindustry will(a) increase.(b) decrease(c) remain the same.(d) depend on whether computers are PCs or “Supercomputers.”(e) None of the above.Answer: B10. If a small country imposes a tariff, then(a) the producers must suffer a loss.(b) the consumers must suffer a loss.(c) the government revenue must suffer a loss.(d) the demand curve must shift to the left.(e) None of the above.Answer: B11. If a large country imposes a tariff, then(a) the producers must suffer a loss.(b) the consumers must suffer a loss.(c) the government revenue must suffer a loss.(d) the demand curve must shift to the left.(e) None of the above.Answer: E12. The imposition of tariffs on imports results in deadweight (triangle) losses. These are(a) production and consumption distortion effects.(b) redistribution effects.(c) revenue effects(d) efficiency effects.(e) None of the above.Answer: E13. Suppose the United States eliminates its tariff on ball bearings used in producing exports. Ballbearing prices in the United States would be expected to(a) increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase.(b) decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase.(c) increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decrease.(d) decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decrease.(e) None of the above.Answer: C14. A specific tariff provides home producers more protection when(a) the home market buys cheaper products rather than expensive products.(b) it is applied to a commodity with many grade variations.(c) the home demand for a good is elastic with respect to price changes.(d) it is levied on manufactured goods rather than primary products.(e) None of the above.Answer: A精选Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 9315. A lower tariff on imported steel would most likely benefit(a) foreign producers at the expense of domestic consumers.(b) domestic manufacturers of steel.(c) domestic consumers of steel.(d) workers in the steel industry.(e) None of the above.Answer: C16. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country dutyfree, this generally results in a(an)(a) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.(b) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.(c) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.(d) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.(e) None of the above.Answer: B17. Of the many arguments in favor of tariffs, the one that has enjoyed significant economic justificationhas been the(a) cheap foreign labor argument.(b) infant industry argument.(c) even playing field argument.(d) balance of payments argument(e) domestic living standard argument.Answer: B18. The main redistribution effect of a tariff is the transfer of income from(a) domestic producers to domestic buyers.(b) domestic buyers to domestic producers.(c) domestic producers to domestic government.(d) domestic government to domestic consumers.(e) None of the above.Answer: B19. The principle benefit of tariff protection goes to(a) domestic consumers of the good produced.(b) foreign consumers of the good produced.(c) domestic producers of the good produced.(d) foreign producers of the good produced.(e) None of the above.Answer: C20. As globalization tends to increase the proportion of imported inputs relative to domestically suppliedcomponents,(a) the nominal tariff automatically increases.(b) the rate of (effective) protection automatically decreases.(c) the nominal tariff automatically decreases.(d) the rate of (effective) protection automatically increases.(e) None of the above.Answer: D21. Which of the following policies permits a specified quantity of goods to be imported at one tariffrate and a higher tariff rate to imports above this quantity?(a) Import tariff(b) Voluntary exports restraint(c) Tariff quota(d) Ad valorum tariff(e) None of the above.Answer: C22. Should the home country be “large” relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on importswould lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of the(a) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.(b) protective effect plus revenue effect.(c) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.(d) protective distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.(e) None of the above.Answer: D23. A problem encountered when implementing an “infant industry” tariff is that(a) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.(b) the industry may never “mature.”(c) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.(d) the tariff may hurt the industry’s domestic sales.(e) None of the above.Answer: B24. Which of the following is a fixed percentage of the value of an imported product?(a) Specific tariff(b) Ad valorem tariff(c) Nominal tariff(d) Effective protection tariff(e) None of the above.Answer: B精选Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 9325. A tax of 20 cents per unit of imported garlic is an example of a(n)(a) specific tariff.(b) ad valorem tariff.(c) nominal tariff.(d) effective protection tariff.(e) None of the above.Answer: A26. A tax of 20 percent per unit of imported garlic is an example of a(n)(a) specific tariff.(b) ad valorem tariff.(c) nominal tariff.(d) effective protection tariff.(e) None of the above.Answer: B27. Which type of tariff is forbidden in the United States on Constitutional grounds?(a) Import tariff(b) Export tariff(c) Specific tariff(d) Prohibitive tariff(e) None of the above.Answer: B28. The deadweight loss of a tariff(a) is a social loss because it promotes inefficient use of national resources.(b) is a social loss because it reduces the revenue of the government.(c) is not a social loss because it merely redistributes revenue from one sector to another.(d) is not a social loss bacuase it is paid for by rich corporations.(e) None of the above.Answer: A29. Tariffs are not defended on the ground that they(a) improve the terms of trade of foreign nations.(b) protect jobs and reduce unemployment.(c) promote growth and development of young industries.(d) prevent over-dependence of a country on only a few industries.(e) None of the above.Answer: A30. The most vocal political pressure for tariffs is generally made by(a) consumers lobbying for export tariffs.(b) consumers lobbying for import tariffs.(c) consumers lobbying for lower import tariffs.(d) producers lobbying for export tariffs.(e) producers lobbying for import tariffs.Answer: E31. A policy of tariff reduction in the computer industry is(a) in the interest of the United States as a whole and in the interest of computer producing regionsof the country.(b) in the interest of United States as a whole but not in the interest of computer producing regionsof the country.(c) not in the interest of the United States as a whole but in the interests of computer producingregions of the country.(d) not in the interest of the United States as a whole and not in the interests of computer consumers.(e) None of the above.Answer: B32. The fact that industrialized countries levy very low or no tariff on raw materials and semi processedgoods(a) helps developing countries export manufactured products.(b) has no effect on developing country exports.(c) hurts developing country efforts to export manufactured goods.(d) hurts developing country efforts to export raw materials.(e) None of the above.Answer: C33. The Metzler Paradox(a) explains why the United States uses both specific and ad valorum tariffs.(b) explains why the United States uses many none-tariff barriers to imports.(c) refers to the fact that the United States exported labor-intensive goods.(d) is not considered to be of practical application in the real world.(e) None of the above.Answer: D34. The Metzler Paradox(a) could theoretically happen when a small country levies a tariff.(b) refers to a situation when an Optimal Tariff hurts a country’s economic welfare.(c) refers to a situation when the imposition of a tariff lowers domestic prices.(d) refers to a situation when the imposition of a tariff helps foreign exporters.(e) None of the above.Answer: C精选Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 9335. An Optimal Tariff(a) could theoretically happen when a small country levies a tariff.(b) refers to a situation when a tariff hurts a country’s economic welfare.(c) refers to a situation when the imposition of a tariff lowers domestic prices.(d) refers to a situation when the imposition of a tariff helps foreign exporters.(e) None of the above.Answer: E36. An Optimal Tariff is considered unlikely to be observed in the real world because of(a) The Metzler Paradox.(b) it is practically impossible to define optimality in trade policy terms.(c) the likelihood of foreign repercussions.(d) real countries are considered to be “small” in the world trade context.(e) None of the above.Answer: C37. In an inflationary environment, then over time(a) A specific tariff will tend to raise more revenue than an ad valorum tariff.(b) An ad valorum tariff will tend to raise more revenue than a specific tariff(c) An optimum tariff will tend to raise more revenue than an escalating tariff(d) A tariff quota will tend to raise more revenue than a specific tariff.(e) None of the aboveAnswer: B38. The imposition of tariffs will help a nation attain which of the following goals?(a) Decreased domestic consumer prices(b) Increased domestic employment(c) Increased amount and variety of goods available for consumers(d) Increased competition between domestic and foreign producers(e) None of the aboveAnswer: E39. Tariff rates on products imported into the U.S.(a) have dropped substantially over the past 50 years.(b) were prohibited by the constitution(c) reached an all time high in 2002.(d) have risen steadily since 1920(e) None of the aboveAnswer: A40. What is a true statement concerning the imposition in the U.S. of a tariff on steel?(a) It lowers the price of cheese domestically(b) It raises the price of cheese internationally(c) It raises revenue for the government(d) It will always result in retaliation from abroad(e) None of the aboveAnswer: C41. An important difference between tariffs and quotas is that tariffs(a) raise the price of the good(b) generate tax revenue for the government(c) stimulate international trade(d) help domestic producers(e) None of the aboveAnswer: BEssay Questions1. Economic theory in general, and trade theory in particular are replete with equivalencies. Forexample, it is argued that for any specific tariff one can find an equivalent ad valorum tariff; and that for any quota one can calculate a tariff equivalent. Discuss conditions or situations under which a specific and an ad valorum tariff are not equivalent. Discuss conditions or situations when a tariff and a quota are not equivalent.Answer: E.g., during a period of price inflation, an ad valorum tariff would become increasingly more effective. The government does not receive any of the quota revenues, unless theimport licenses are sold or auctioned.2. The Metzler Paradox is a special case of the optimum tariff concept. Discuss this assertion. Wouldthe optimum tariff tend to be a high one or a low one in the case where this paradox exists? What conditions would be needed in the international ma rkets for a country’s exports for this paradox to exist? Why do you suppose empirical support for the existence of this paradox has not beenforthcoming to date?Answer: The Metzler Paradox describes an unlikely situation in which the imposition of a tariff not only improves a country’s welfare, but also improves that of its domestic consumers. Ifthis paradox were present then the magnitude of the optimum tariff would tend to be large,since the welfare decreasing decrease in imports is not present in this case (the importsactually increase, as world prices drastically drop). The Metzler Paradox could occur onlyif the foreign offer curves are inelastic. It is not likely to be observed because tradeelasticities tend to be relatively large. Also, were it to exist, its activation by a largecountry would tend to evoke foreign retaliation.3. Some argue that tariffs always hurt the imposing country’s economic welfare, and are typicallydesigned to shift resources from one sector to another, protected or preferred one, within aneconomy. Find and discuss a counterexample to this argument.Answer: The optimum tariff is theoretically a first-best trade policy.精选Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy 93 4. The effective rate of protection is a weighted average of nominal tariffs and tariffs on importedinputs. It has been noted that in most industrialized countries, the nominal tariffs on raw materials or intermediate components or products are lower than on final-stage products meant for final markets.Why would countries design their tariff structures in this manner? Who tends to be helped, and who is harmed by this cascading tariff structure?Answer: The cascading tariff structure is probably the result of systematic lobbying on the part of manufacturing interests and lobbies to lower costs of production (in terms of importedinputs). The end result is in fact to create effective rates of protection for downstream, orfinal manufacturing processes that are often much higher than nominal tariffs on theseproducts. An important group, which is hurt by this are exporters of raw materials andcomponents in developing countries.5. The two deadweight triangles are the Consumption distortion and Production distortion losses. It iseasy to understand why the Consumption distortion constitutes a loss for society. After all it raises the prices of goods to consumers, and even causes some consumers to drop out of the marketaltogether. It seems paradoxical that the Production distortion is considered an equivalent burden on society. After all, in this case, profits increase, and additional production (with its associatedemployment) comes on line. This would seem to be an offset rather than an addition to the burden or loss borne by society. Explain why the Production distortion is indeed a loss to society, and what is wrong with the logic that leads to the apparent paradox.Answer: The Production Distortion represents an inefficient shift of society’s resources to producea good, which it could not sell profitably at world prices. Since (with full employmentassumed) these resources were formerly used to produce export goods, which couldcompete profitably, the net result is a loss in real income to the country.6. It is argued that a tariff may help promote employment in a single industry, but is not likely to helpemployment in general. Discuss.Answer: A general tariff on all imports is equivalent to a depreciation in the value of the country’s currency. It would raise the prices of all imports, and have a considerable income effect.This income effect will have a negative effect on total consumption of the import-competing sector (as well as the exportables and non-tradables). In addition, underconditions of a flexible exchange rate regime (assuming the Marshal-Lerner Conditionshold) it will lower the supply of the country’s currency in the foreign exchange market,and hence cause an appreciation of the currency. This will harm the country’s exports, andnegatively affect this sector’s employment.Quantitative/Graphing Problemsconsume?Answer: 602. In the absence of trade what is the country’s consumer plus producer surplus?Answer: $180, $1803. With free trade and no tariffs, what is the quantity of Widgets imported?Answer: 1004. With a specific tariff of $3 per unit, what is the quantity of Widget imports?Answer: 805. The loss of Consumer Surplus due to the tariff equalsAnswer: $2306. The lowest specific tariff which would be considered prohibitive isAnswer: $5精选。
《国际经济学》课后习题参考答案
《国际经济学》课后习题参考答案第一章练习与答案1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要？答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。
生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。
相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。
所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要。
2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。
答案提示：3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。
答案提示：4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。
答案提示：5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。
6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。
答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。
对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。
7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。
8．根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？答案提示：小国。
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》(第8版)课后习题详解-第二章至第八章【圣才出品】
第1篇国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易概览一、概念题1．发展中国家（developing countries）答：发展中国家是与发达国家相对的经济上比较落后的国家，又称“欠发达国家”或“落后国家”。
通常指第三世界国家，包括亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲及其他地区的130多个国家。
衡量一国是否为发展中国家的具体标准有很多种，如经济学家刘易斯和世界银行均提出过界定发展中国家的标准。
一般而言，凡人均收入低于美国人均收入的五分之一的国家就被定义为发展中国家。
比较贫困和落后是发展中国家的共同特点。
2．服务外包（service outsourcing）答：服务外包是指企业将其非核心的业务外包出去，利用外部最优秀的专业化团队来承接其业务，从而使其专注于核心业务，达到降低成本、提高效率、增强企业核心竞争力和对环境应变能力的一种管理模式。
20世纪90年代以来，随着信息技术的迅速发展，特别是互联网的普遍存在及广泛应用，服务外包得到蓬勃发展。
从美国到英国，从欧洲到亚洲，无论是中小企业还是跨国公司，都把自己有限的资源集中于公司的核心能力上而将其余业务交给外部专业公司，服务外包成为“发达经济中不断成长的现象”。
3．引力模型（gravity model）答：丁伯根和波伊赫能的引力模型基本表达式为：其中，T是i国与j国的贸易额，A为常量，i Y是i国的国内生产总值，j Y是j国的国ij内生产总值，D是两国的距离。
a、b、c三个参数是用来拟合实际的经济数据。
引力模型ij方程式表明：其他条件不变的情况下，两国间的贸易规模与两国的GDP成正比，与两国间的距离成反比。
把整个世界贸易看成整体，可利用引力模型来预测任意两国之间的贸易规模。
另外，引力模型也可以用来明确国际贸易中的异常现象。
4．第三世界（third world）答：第三世界这个名词原本是指法国大革命中的Third Estate（第三阶级）。
冷战时期，一些经济发展比较落后的国家为表示并不靠拢北约或华约任何一方，用“第三世界”一词界定自己。
《国际经济学》章节测试答案
国际经济学》章节测试答案国际贸易理论（一）1.答案哪位经济学家为开放的宏观经济学做出主要贡献？（）A、庇古B、凯恩斯C、李嘉图D、亚当·斯密正确答案： B2.国际经济学的主要内容包括（）。
A、国际金融理论及其对策B、开放经济下的宏观经济学C、国际贸易理论及其对策D、企业利润最大化的产量决定正确答案：ABC3.在资源稀缺条件下，如何对资源进行有效配置是西方经济学研究的主要问题。
（）正确答案：√4.马克思主义经济学的分支之一是国际经济学。
（）正确答案：×国际贸易理论（二）1.答案宏观经济学主要讨论的内容不包括（）。
A、经济增长B、物价稳定C、生产要素D、充分就业正确答案： C2.答案宏观经济学是( ) 创立的。
A、亚当·斯密B、凯恩斯C、大卫·李嘉图D、大卫·威尔兹正确答案： B3.萨伊认为生产要素包括( ) 。
A、资本B、价值C、劳动D、土地正确答案：ACD4.1355 年的美国,就已存在有关国际贸易的统计资料。
( ) 正确答案：×5.国际经济学理论的基本着眼点是价格、交换、均衡、效益和福利( )正确答案：√ 国际贸易理论(三)1.答案经济学与国际经济学两者在经济运行机制层面的异同不包括A、要素流动的自由程度B、经济交往的媒介C、经济运行的主体D、经济调控手段程度与范围正确答案： C2.答案现代经济学最大的难点问题在于( ) 。
A、形而上学B、不确定性C、抽象能力D、稳定性正确答案： B3.答案曾成功预测亚洲金融危机的经济学家是( ) 。
A、罗伯特·蒙代尔B、格林斯潘C、亚当·斯密D、克鲁格曼正确答案： D4.国际经济学是在传统的国际贸易和国际金融理论基础上发展起来的。
( )正确答案：√5.大卫·李嘉图在古典经济模型中的经典假设是要素在国与国之间是可以充分流动的。
( )1.答案( ) 的观点认为“国际经济学与国内区际经济学所研究的问题存在程度上的不同”。
国际经济学课后答案
第一章绪论1、列举出表达当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，他们为什么重要？他们都是怎么影响中国与欧、美、日的经济和政治关系的？当前的国际金融危机最能表达国际经济学问题，其深刻地影响了世界各国的金融、实体经济、政治等领域，也影响了各国之间的关系因此显得尤为重要；其对中国与欧、美、日的政治和经济关系的影响为：减少中国对上述国家的出口，影响中国外汇储备，贸易摩擦加剧，经济联系加强，因而也会导致中国与上述国家在政治上的对话与合作。
2、我们如何评价一国与他国之间的相互依赖程度？我们可以通过一国的对外贸易依存度来评价该国与他国之间的相互依赖程度，也可以通过其他方式来评价比方一国政府政策的溢出效应和回震效应以及对外贸易对国民生活水平的影响。
3、国际贸易理论及国际贸易政策研究的内容是什么？为什么说他们是国际经济学的微观方面?国际贸易理论分析贸易的基础和所得，国际贸易政策考察贸易限制和新保护主义的原因和效果。
国际贸易理论和政策是国际经济学的微观方面，因为他们把国家看作基本单位，并研究单个商品的〔相对〕价格。
4、什么是外汇交易市场及国际收支平衡表？调节国际收支平衡意味着什么？为什么说他们是国际经济学的宏观方面？什么是宏观开放经济学及国际金融？外汇交易市场描述一国货币与他国货币交换的框架，国际收支平衡表测度了一国与外部世界交易的总收入与总支出的情况。
调节国际收支平衡意味着调节一国与外部世界交易出现的不均衡〔赤字或盈余〕；由于国际收支平衡表涉及总收入和总支出，调节政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数，因而他们是国际经济学的宏观方面；外汇交易及国际收支平衡调节涉及总收入和总支出，调整政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数，这些内容被称为宏观开放经济学或国际金融。
5、浏览报刊并做以下题目：〔1〕找出5条有关国际经济学的新闻〔2〕每条新闻对中国经济的重要性或影响〔3〕每条新闻对你个人有何影响A (1) 国际金融危机: 影响中国整体经济,降低出口、增加失业、经济减速等(2) 美国大选：影响中美未来经济政治关系(3) 石油价格持续下跌：影响中国的能源价格及相关产业(4) 可口可乐收购汇源被商务部否决：《反垄断法》的第一次实施，加强经济法治(5) 各国政府经济刺激方案：对中国经济产生外部性效应B 以上5条新闻对个人影响为：影响个人消费水平和就业前景第二章比较优势理论1、重商主义者的贸易观点如何？他们的国家财富概念与现在有何不同？重商主义者主张政府应当竭尽所能孤立出口，不主张甚至限制商品〔尤其是奢侈类消费品〕。
国际经济学练习题及标准答案（内部资料）
国际经济学练习题及标准答案（内部资料）国际经济学练习题及答案(内部资料)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：国际经济学练习题一、判断题1、当开放贸易时，所有消费者的境况都会得到改善。
2、根据简单贸易模型，在贸易发生之前，如果各国的某种商品价格相同，这些国家之间就不会有交换该种商品的动机。
3、如果一国中某生产者通过贸易能使自己的境况得到改善，那么，该国中所有的生产者都会通过贸易来改善自己的境况。
4、在两国间均衡贸易价格条件下，一国对某种商品的过度供给必然与另一国对该商品的过度需求相等。
5、不存在free lunch，但却存在free trade。
6、一国即便在某种商品的生产上具有绝对劣势，它也可以在该商品的生产上具有相对优势。
7、根据H—O理论，一国如果比他国拥有更多英亩的土地，该国便是“土地丰富”的国家。
8、在成本递增的条件下，各国并不一定要完全专业化于一种商品的生产。
9、H—O理论假设各国拥有相同的商品偏好。
10、我们或许可以通过更为细分化的生产要素定义而解决Leontief Paradox。
11、Stolper-Samuelson定理认为，贸易将使丰富要素的所有者得到更低的实际收入，同时使稀缺要素的所有者得到更高的实际收入。
12、如果各国的生产技术相同，贸易便不会使生产要素价格均等化。
13、一国的非技术性工人会比技术性工人更加反对贸易自由化。
14、大国可投资发展进口替代产业而不是出口产业，进而改善本国的贸易条件。
15、按照定义，小国的经济增长将不会使贸易条件发生变化。
16、青春期是一个贫困化增长的好例子。
17、一国生产要素的增长总会使该国更加自给自足，进而减少对国际贸易的依赖。
18、一个与外界隔绝的国家一定会降低其公民的生活水平。
19、产业内贸易在充分竞争性产业中更为盛行。
20、根据H—0理论，各国应进行大量的产业内贸易。
国际经济学英文版上册(第八版)章节练习第八章
International Economics, 8e (Krugman)Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy1) Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) None of the above.Answer: B2) Ad valorem tariffs areA) import taxes stated in ads in industry publications.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) None of the above.Answer: C3) The excess supply curve of a product we (H) import from foreign countries (F) increases asA) excess demand of country H increases.B) excess demand of country F increases.C) excess supply of country H increases.D) excess supply of country F increases.E) None of the above.Answer: D4) Suppose the United States eliminates its tariff on ball bearings used in producing exports. Ball bearing pricesin the United States would be expected toA) increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase.B) decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase.C) increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decrease.D) decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decrease.E) None of the above.Answer: C5) A specific tariff provides home producers more protection whenA) the home market buys cheaper products rather than expensive products.B) it is applied to a commodity with many grade variations.C) the home demand for a good is elastic with respect to price changes.D) it is levied on manufactured goods rather than primary products.E) None of the above.Answer: A6) A lower tariff on imported steel would most likely benefitA) foreign producers at the expense of domestic consumers.B) domestic manufacturers of steel.C) domestic consumers of steel.D) workers in the steel industry.E) None of the above.Answer: C7) A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is thatA) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of the tariff.B) the industry may never "mature."C) most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E) None of the above.Answer: B8) Which of the following is a fixed percentage of the value of an imported product?A) specific tariffB) ad valorem tariffC) nominal tariffD) effective protection tariffE) None of the above.Answer: B9) A tax of 20 cents per unit of imported garlic is an example of a(n)A) specific tariff.B) ad valorem tariff.C) nominal tariff.D) effective protection tariff.E) None of the above.Answer: A10) A tax of 20 percent per unit of imported garlic is an example of a(n)A) specific tariff.B) ad valorem tariff.C) nominal tariff.D) effective protection tariff.E) None of the above.Answer: B11) Tariffs are not defended on the ground that theyA) improve the terms of trade of foreign nations.B) protect jobs and reduce unemployment.C) promote growth and development of young industries.D) prevent over-dependence of a country on only a few industries.E) None of the above.Answer: A12) The most vocal political pressure for tariffs is generally made byA) consumers lobbying for export tariffs.B) consumers lobbying for import tariffs.C) consumers lobbying for lower import tariffs.D) producers lobbying for export tariffs.E) producers lobbying for import tariffs.Answer: E13) What is a true statement concerning the imposition in the U.S. of a tariff on steel?A) It lowers the price of cheese domestically.B) It raises the price of cheese internationally.C) It raises revenue for the government.D) It will always result in retaliation from abroad.E) None of the above.Answer: C14) The tariff levied in a "large country" (Home), lowers the world price of the imported good. This causesC) domestic demand for imports to increase.D) foreign suppliers to produce less of the good on which was levied a tariff.E) None of the above.Answer: D15) In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) None of the above.Answer: C16) Refer to above figure. In the absence of trade, how many Widgets does this country produce and consume?Answer: 6017) Refer to above figure. In the absence of trade, what is the country's consumer plus producer surplus?Answer: $180, $18018) Refer to above figure. With free trade and no tariffs, what is the quantity of Widgets imported?Answer: 10019) Refer to above figure. With a specific tariff of $3 per unit, what is the quantity of Widget imports?Answer: 8020) Refer to above figure. The loss of Consumer Surplus due to the tariff equals ________.Answer: $23021) Refer to above figure. The lowest specific tariff which would be considered prohibitive is ________.Answer: $522) If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff in country HA) raises the price of the good in both countries (the "Law of One Price").B) raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F.C) lowers the price of the good in both countries.D) lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F.E) raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F.Answer: E23) If a good is imported into (small) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff In country HA) raises the price of the good in both countries (the "Law of One Price").B) raises the price in country H and does not affect its price in country F.C) lowers the price of the good in both countries.Answer: B24) The effective rate of protection measuresA) the "true" ad valorum value of a tariff.B) the quota equivalent value of a tariff.C) the efficiency with which the tariff is collected at the customhouse.D) the protection given by the tariff to domestic value added.E) None of the above.Answer: D25) If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically producedsemiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) None of the above.Answer: A26) If a small country imposes a tariff, thenA) the producers must suffer a loss.B) the consumers must suffer a loss.C) the government revenue must suffer a loss.D) the demand curve must shift to the left.E) None of the above.Answer: B27) When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, thisgenerally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E) None of the above.Answer: B28) Of the many arguments in favor of tariffs, the one that has enjoyed significant economic justification hasbeen theA) cheap foreign labor argument.B) infant industry argument.C) even playing field argument.D) balance of payments argumentE) domestic living standard argument.Answer: B29) The principle benefit of tariff protection goes toA) domestic consumers of the good produced.B) foreign consumers of the good produced.C) domestic producers of the good produced.D) foreign producers of the good produced.E) None of the above.Answer: C30) Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition of a tariff on imports wouldlead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.Answer: D31) The deadweight loss of a tariffA) is a social loss because it promotes inefficient use of national resources.B) is a social loss because it reduces the revenue of the government.C) is not a social loss because it merely redistributes revenue from one sector to another.D) is not a social loss because it is paid for by rich corporations.E) None of the above.Answer: A32) The fact that industrialized countries levy very low or no tariff on raw materials and semi processed goodsA) helps developing countries export manufactured products.B) has no effect on developing country exports.C) hurts developing country efforts to export manufactured goods.D) hurts developing country efforts to export raw materials.E) None of the above.Answer: C33) The change in the economic welfare of a country associated with an increase in a tariff equalsA) efficiency loss - terms of trade gain.B) efficiency gain - terms of trade loss.C) efficiency loss + tax revenue gain.D) efficiency loss + tax revenue gain + terms of trade gain.E) None of the above.Answer:34) The two deadweight triangles are the Consumption distortion and Production distortion losses. It is easy tounderstand why the Consumption distortion constitutes a loss for society. After all it raises the prices of goods to consumers, and even causes some consumers to drop out of the market altogether. It seems paradoxical that the Production distortion is considered an equivalent burden on society. After all, in this case, profitsincrease, and additional production (with its associated employment) comes on line. This would seem to be an offset rather than an addition to the burden or loss borne by society. Explain why the Production distortion is indeed a loss to society, and what is wrong with the logic that leads to the apparent paradox.Answer: The Production Distortion represents an inefficient shift of society's resources to produce a good, which it could not sell profitably at world prices. Since (with full employment assumed) these resources wereformerly used to produce export goods, which could compete profitably, the net result is a loss in realincome to the country.35) An important difference between tariffs and quotas is that tariffsA) raise the price of the good.B) generate tax revenue for the government.C) stimulate international trade.D) help domestic producers.E) None of the above.Answer: B36) Throughout the post-World War II era, the importance of tariffs as a trade barrier hasA) increased.B) decreased.C) remained the same.D) fluctuated wildly.E) demonstrated a classic random walk with a mean-reversion tendency.Answer: B37) In the exporting country, an export subsidy willD) help consumers but lower economic welfare of the exporting country.E) None of the aboveAnswer: C。
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《国际经济学》第08章在线测试
A B
C D
、在国际收支平衡表中，最基本最重要的项目是（
A B
C D
、分析汇率变动对国际收支的影响的收支调整理论为（
A B
C D
、按照马歇尔—勒纳条件，汇率贬值改善国际收支的条件为（
A B
C D
、下面哪种理论考虑到了国际收支中的资本和金融项目（
A B
C D
D、决策时滞
E、取代时滞
2、经常项目包括（）
A、经常转移
B、非金融资产的获取
C、收入
D、商品贸易
E、服务贸易
3、导致国际收支不平衡的原因包括（）
A、贸易竞争原因
B、货币原因
C、国民收入的原因
D、经济结构性原因
E、经济周期性原因
4、下面关于吸收分析法的说法正确的有（）
A、当吸收增加大于产出增加时，国际收支改善
B、减少吸收可以改善国际收支
C、增加产出可以改善国际收支
D、当吸收大于产出时国际收支逆差
E、当吸收大于产出时国际收支顺差
5、根据货币分析法，减少一个国家国际收支赤字的方法包括（）
A、货币贬值
B、采取扩张性的货币政策
C、采取紧缩性的货币政策
正确错误
、按照复式记账原理，每一笔国际经济交易都要分别记录在国际收支平衡表的借方和贷方。
正确错误
、一国的货币贬值后，只要满足条件，能立即改善国际收支状况。
正确错误
、货币分析法认为国际收支是一种货币现象。
正确错误
、吸收分析认为只有当一国的产出的增加超过其吸收能力的增加时，该国的国际收支才能得以改善。
正确错误。