MBA英语历年真题及答案详解(01-12年)
2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题.doc
2012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题12012年MBA、MPA、MPACC1月联考英语真题Section 1 Use of EninglishMillions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on GoLd man's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. Theposition was taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpfuL, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most LikeLy reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors arealways jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easiertime of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticizedfor_______.A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be _______.A. generous investorsC. share price forecastersB. unbiased executivesD. independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director's surprise departure, the firm i8 likely to _______.A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits.24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_______.A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had the records of wrong doings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is _______.A. permissiveB. positiveC. scornfulD. critical参考答案21.答案 B.本题信息点是Ms. simmons was criticized (Simmons 受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话…simmons was under fire. . 中，其中under fire 意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。
MBA英语历年真题及答案详解(01-12年)
2001年MBA 英语真题及答案考生须知选择题的答案须用 2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题 卡上的答案无效。
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2001年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题Sectio n I Vocabulary (10 poi nts) Directio ns:There are 20 in complete sentences in this secti on. For each sentence there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and markyour an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1..The annual----- of the departme nt store starts tomorrow. stocktak ing stockhold ing.aof quality for these goods;otherwise they willnot offer any mai ntenan ce.http://www.mbajy z.c nA warra nty.B promiseC certificate. Drecejpt.3 」n many coun tries tobacco and medici ne are gover nment Acon trol.Bmon opolystock ing.stockpil ing. .Remember to ask forC bus in ess.D bel ongings.4 .Ba nk no tes are not usually -- into gold no wadays.A in verted.B revertibleC con vertible.D divert ing.5 」you that the goods will be delivered n ext week.A in sist.B confirmC assure.D en sure.6 .The man ager just ---- his resig natio n to the board meeti ng yesterday andtoday ano ther one took his place. http://www.mbajyz.c nA sent up.B sent offC sent out.D sent in.7 .Let s not ---- over such a trifle!A fall through.B fall outC fall off.D fall back.8 .The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features,but each has used them accord ing to its national -- .A gradually.B con ti nu ouslyA pers on ality.B temperame ntC in terest.D desti ny.9 .Our journey was slow because the train stopped ---------- at differe nt villagesC con sta ntly.D contin ually.10 .Whe n he realized the police had spotted him,the man ---- t he exit asquickly as possible.C made up to.D made way.A made for.B made out11 .The goods ----- w he n we arrived at the airport.A were just uni oaded.B were just being uni oadedC were just bee n uni oaded.D had just uni oaded.12 .The professor can hardly find sufficie nt grounds ----- his argume nt in favor of the new theory. http://www.mbajy z.c nA which to base on.B on which to baseC to base on which.D which to be based on.13 」thi nk your words carry more weight than ---- .A an ybody else s.B that of an ybody sC an ybody else.D else an ybody s.14 .The sec ond book was---- b y August 1996,but two years later,the end was still no where in sight.A to complete.B completedC to have bee n completed. Dto have completed.15 」would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it bee n at all possible,but I ----- f ully occupied the whole of last week.A were.B wasC had bee n.D have bee n.16 .No difficulty and no hardship ------ d iscouraged him.A has.B haveC has bee n.D have bee n.17 」always keep can dles in the house ---- there is a power cut.A if.B in caseC on con diti on that.D whe n.18 .Some modern childre n s fictio n deals with serious problems andsituati ons with a realism seldom ---- in earlier books.A attempted.B attempti ngC being attempted.D having attempted. 19 .Written in a hurry,http://www.mbajyz.c nA he made many mistakes in the paper.B there were a lot of mistakes in the paper.C we found ple nty of errors in her paperD the paper was full of errors.20 .Some stude nt prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to work on their own.A leavi ng.B to leaveC havi ng bee n left.D to be left.Sectio n II Cloze (10 poi nts)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedbla nk and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.The meaningsof thousa nds of everyday percepti on s,the bases 21 the decisi ons we make,a nd the roots of our habits and skills are to be 22 in our past experie nces,which are broughts in tosthe prese nt 23 memory.Memory can be defi ned as the capacity to keep 24 available for later use .Itin cludes not only" rememberi ng"th ing like arithmetic or historical facts,but alsoany change in the way an animal typically behaves.Memory is 25 when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory is also in volved whe n a sixyear old child lear ns to swi ng a baseball bat.Memory 26 not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and putersforexample,containdevices for storingdata for lateruse .It is in teresti ng to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer27 that of a human being.The instantaccess memory of a large computer may holdup to 100,000"words" ready for 28 use.A n average America n tee nager probably recog ni zes the meanings of about 100,000 words of En glish.However,this is but a fraction of the total29 ofin formati onwhich thetee nager hasstored.C on sider,for example,the nu mber of facts and places that the tee nager canSection HI Readi ng comprehe nsion (40 poin ts) Sectio n A Directions:.Thereare 5 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by somequesti ons or unfini shed stateme nts.For each of them there are four choices markedA,B,C,and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the An swer Sheet with a pen cil..Questi ons 31 to 34 are based on the follow ing passage:The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulati on ,irecog nize on sight.The use of in tellige nee words and 30of humanbeings.A of words. large is the basis of the advaneed problem solvingpart of a persons memory is in terms of words21 of. B to. Cfor. Don 22 kept. B fou nd. C sought. D stored23 by. Bfrom. Cwith. D in24 .Aexperie nces. B basesC observati ons.D in formatio n.25 called. B take n. C in volved. D in cluded 26 exists. B appears. C affects. Dseems27 to. Bwith. Caga in st. D for28 .A progressive. B in structivein sta nt. D protective.29deal. Bnu mber. Cmount. Damount30 .Acomb in ati ons. B correct ions C coord inations.D collect ions.nspecti on s,deposit in sura nce,a nd loa ns to troubled ban ks.For over50 years,these precautio ns have preve nted banking pan ics.However,there have bee n some close calls.The collapse of Con ti nen tal llli nois Bank & Trusted Compa ny of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system,but it certainly rattled some win dows.In the late 1970s,Continental soared to a leadership position among Midwestern ban ks.Parts of its growth strategy were risky,however.It made many loa ns in the energyfield,including billion that it took over from Penn Square Band of Oklahoma City.To obtai n the funds it n eeded to make these loa ns,C on ti nen tal relied heavily on short term borrow ing from other banks and large,30 day certificates of deposit -" hot mon ey",i n banking jarg on.At least one Con ti nen tal officer saw dan ger sig ns and wrote a warning memcto her superiors,but the memcwe nt un heeded .Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis,it failedto see low serious its problems were going to be.Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982.When energy prices began toslip,most of the billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be had.Other loa ns to troubled compa nies such Chrysler ,lntern ati onal Harvester,a nd Braniff looked questi on able.See ing these problem , "hot money"owners began to pull their funds out of Continental.By the spri ng of 1984,a run on Con ti nen tal had begu n.ln May,the bank had to borrow .5 billi on from the Fed to replace overni ght funds it bad lost.But this was not enough.To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continemtal,the FDIC agreedto guara ntee not just the first ,000 of each depositor s money but all ofit.Nevertheless,the run con ti nu ed. http://www.mbajyz.c nFederal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take overCon ti nen tal-a com mon way of rescu ing faili ng ban ks.But Continen tal was just too bigfor anyone to buy.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed.Regulators faced a stark choice:Let Con ti nen tal collapse,or take it over themselves.Letting the bank fail seemed too risky.lt was estimated that more than 100 other banks had placed eno ugh funds in Continen tal to put them at risk if Con ti nen tal failed.Thus,on a rainy Thursday at the end of July,the FDIC in effect nationalized Con ti nen tal Illi nois at a cost of .5 billi on. This kept the bank s doors ope n and preve nted a cha in reacti on.H owever,i n all but a tech ni cal sen se,C ontinen tal had become the biggest bank failure in U.S.history.31 」n the spri ng of 1984,C on ti nen tal experieneed .A a fast growth period.B a stability periodC a run.D an oil price decrease.32 .By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was ------ .A destroyed.B absurdC desperate.D damaged.33 .The n ati on alizat in of Continental -- .A saved itB made"hot mon ey"ow ners con ti nue to pull their funds out of Con ti nen tal.C almost brought dow n the banking systemD fired many high ranking officers.34 .Ba nking panics may be preve nted by means of-——.A deposit in sura nce.B growth strategyC long term borrowi ng.D warni ng memo.Questi ons 35 to 38 are based on the follow ing passage:If susta in able competitive adva ntage depe nds on work force skills,America n firms have a problem.Huma n resource man ageme nt is not traditi on ally see n ascen tral to the competitive survival of the firm in the Un ited States.Skill acquisiti on is con sidered as an in dividual resp on bor is simply ano ther factor of product ion to be hired-re nted at the lowest possible cost-much as one buysraw materials or equipme nt. http://www.mbajyz.c nThe lack of importa nee attached to huma n resource man ageme nt can be see n in the corporation hierarchy.ln an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy.The executive who holds it is n ever con sulted on major strategic decisi ons and has no cha nee to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of con trast, in Japa n the head of huma n resource man ageme nt is cen tral-usually the sec ond most importa nt executive,after the CEO,in the firm s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces」nfact they in vest less in the skill of their employees tha n do the Japa nese or Germa n firms.The money they do in vest is also more highly concen trated on professi onal and man agerial employees.A nd the limited in vestme nts that are madein trai ning workers are also much more n arrowly focused on the specific skills n ecessary to do the n ext job rather tha n on the basic backgro und skills that make it possible to absorb new tech no logies.As a result,problems emerge whe n new breakthrough tech no logies arrive .If America n workers,for example,take much Ion ger to lear n how to operate new flexible manu facturi ng stati ons tha n workers in Germa ny (as they do),the effective cost of those stati ons is lower in Germa ny tha n it is in the Un ited Stated.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity,and the need for extensiveretra ining gen erates costs and creates bottle necks that limit the speed with which new equipme nt can be employed.The result is a slower pace of tech no logical cha nge.A nd in the end the skills of the bottom half of the populati on affect the wages of the top half」f the bottom half can t effectively staff the processes that have tobe operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.35 .Which of the followi ng applies to the man ageme nt of huma n resources in America n compa ni es?A .They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B .They see the gaining of skills as their employees own bus in ess.C .They attach more importa nee to workers tha n to equipme nt..D .They on ly hire skilled workers because of kee n competiti on.36 .What is the position of the head of humanresource management in an American firm?A .He is one of the most importa nt executives in the firm..B .His post is likely to disappear whe n new tech no logies are in troduced.C .He is directly un der the chief finan cial executive.37 .The money most America n firms spe nd in trai ning mai nly goes to----.D .He has no authority in making importa nt decisi ons in the firm..A workers who can operate new equipme nthttp://www.mbajyz.c nB tech no logical and man agerial staffC workers who lack basic backgro und skillsD top executives.38 .What is the main idea of the passage?A .America n firms are differe nt from Japa nese and Germa n firms in huma nresource man ageme nt.B .Exte nsive retrai ning is in dispe nsable to effective huma n resource man ageme nt.C .The head of huma n resource man ageme nt must be in the cen tral positi on in a firm s hierarchy..D .The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity...Questi ons 39 to 42 are based on the follow ing passage:Internet is a vast n etwork of computers that conn ects many of the world s bus in esses,i nstituti on s,a nd in dividuals.The intern et,which means in terc onn ected n etwork of n etworks, links tens of thousa nds of smaller computer n etworks.These n etworks tran smit huge amounts of in formati on in the form of words,images,a nd soun ds.The Internet was information on virtually every work users can searchthrough sources ranging from vast databases to small electro ni c"bullet in boards ,"where users form discussi on groups around com mon in terests.Much of the Internet s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user toano ther.These messages are called electr onic mail or e mail .Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e mail.Other uses of then etwork in clude obta ining n ews,joi ning electro nic debates,a nd playi ng electro nic games. One feature of the In ternet,k nown as the World Wide Web,provides graphics,audio,and video to enhance the information i n its documents.Thesedocume nts cover a vast nu mber of topics. http://www.mbajyz.c nPeople usually access the Internet with a device called a modem.Modemsconnect computers to the n etwork through telepho ne lin es.Much of the Internet operatesthrough worldwide teleph one n etworks of fiber optic cables.These cables contain hair thin stra ndsof glass that carry data as pulses of light.They can tran smitthousands of times more data than local phone lines,most of which consist of copper wires.The history of the Internet bega n in the 1960 s.At that time,the Adva need Research Projects Agency (ARPA)of the United States Department of Defense developed a n etwork of computers called ARPA net.Origi nally,ARPA net conn ected only military a nd gover nment computer systems .Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or was.Soon after the creation of ARPAnet,universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks.These networks eventuallywere merged with ARPA net to form the Intern et.By the 1990 s,a nyone with a computer,modem,a nd Internet software could link up to the Intern et.In the future,the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer tech no logy becomes more powerful.Ma ny experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger n etwork called the in formati on superhighway.This n etwork,still un der developme nt,would link computers with telepho ne compa ni es,cable televisi on stati on s,a nd other com muni cati on systems.People could ban k,shop,watch TV,a nd perform many other activities through the n etwork.39 .This passage is about the ----- o f the Intern et.A future.B gen eral in troduct ionC use.D history.40 .Which of the followi ng stateme nts about the Internet is true?A .ARPA was the first net used by America n uni versities and in stituti ons.B .The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago.C .The purpose of the Intern et is to protect the world in the event of war.D .ARPA net formed the foun dati on of the Internet no wadays...41 .The In ternet en ables people to do all the followi ng thi ngs EXCEPT----.A sending e mail.B obta ining n ewsC excha nging modem.D internet related chat(IRC).42 .Accord ing to the last paragraph,i n the future --- .A .in may be hard to predict the developme nt of the In ternet.B .the Internet will become an in dispe nsable superhighway.C .the Internet will be applied more.D .the Internet will comb ine cable stati ons.Questi ons 43 to 46 are based on the follow ing passage:Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology isdestiny.According to this ideology,basic biological and psychological differencesexist between the sexes.These differences require each sex to play a separate role in sociallife.Wome n are the weaker sexboth physically and emotio nally.Thus,they are naturally suited,much more so than men,to the performanee of domestic duties .A woman s place,under normal circumstances,is within the protective environment ofthe home.Nature has determ ined that wome n play caretaker roles,such as wife and mother and homemaker.O n the other han d,me n are best suited to go outs in tosthe competitive world of work and politics,where serious responsibilities must be taken on.Men are to be the providers;wome n and childre n are"depe nden ts."The ideology also holds that womenwho wish to work outside the household should n aturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex .It is thus appropriate for wome n,not men ,to be employed as nu rses,social workers,eleme ntary school teachers,household helpers,a nd clerks and secretaries.These positi ons are simply an exte nsion of wome n s domestic role .In formal distinctions between"women s work"and"men s work"in the labor force,accordingto the ideology,are simply a functional reflect ion of the basic differe nces betwee n the sexes. http://www.mbajyz.c nFinally,the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another sig ni fica nt way.For the huma n species to survive over time,its members mustregularly reproduce.Thus,women must,whether at home or in the labor force,make the most of their physical appeara nee.So goes the ideology.It is,of course,not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex defined rolesin social life.There is ample evidenee that sex roles vary from society to society,a nd those role differe nces that to exist are largely lear ned.But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for menand womento make different contributions to society,sex definedD .Some of the wome ns roles in domestic duties can not be take n over byroles will be see n as totally acceptable.43.Wome n s place,some people thin k,is with in the protective environmentof the home because ----- .A .wome n can provide better care for the childre n.B .wome n are too weak to do any agricultural work at all.C .wome n are biologically suited to domestic jobs.D .wome n can not compete with men in any field. 44.Accord ing to the author,sex roles ---- .A are socially determ inedB .are emotionally and physically determ ined.C .ca n only be determ ined by what educati on people take.D .are biologically and psychologically determ in ed. 45 .The author pointswork ----- .A .are determ ined by what they are better suited to.B .grow out of their positi on in side the home.C .reflect a basic differe nee betwee n men and wome n.D .are suitable to them,but not to men. 46.Which of the follow ing is NOT true accord ing to the passage?A .The divisio n of sexdefi ned roles is completely un acceptable..B .Wome n s roles in work are too limited at prese nt..C 」n one society,me n might perform what is con sidered wome n ano ther. men.out that theassignments of womens roles ins duties byQuesti ons 47 to 50 are based on the follow ing passage:In a sen se,the new protect ionism is not protect ionism at all,at least not in the traditi onal sense of the term.The old protect ionism referred only to traderestricting and trade expanding devices,such as the tariff or exportsubsidy.The new protect ionism is much broader tha n this;it in cludesin terve nti onssin tosforeig n trade but is not limited to them.The newprotecti oni sm,i n fact,refers to how the whole of gover nment in terve nti onsin tosthe private economy affects international trade.The emphasis on trade is stillthere,thus came the term"protection."But what is new is the realization that virtually all gover nment activities can affect intern ati onal econo mic relati ons.The emerge nee of the new protecti onism in the Wester n world reflects the victory of the in terve nti oni st,or welfare economy over the market econom y.Jab Tumiler writes,"The old protectionism …coexisted,without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptanee of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed,protectionists as well as （if not morethan）free traders stood for laissez faire（放任政策）.Now,as in the 1930s,protect ionism is an expressi on of a profo und skepticism as to the ability of themarket to distribute resources and in comes to societies satisfacti on."It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is resp on sible for the protect ionism.ln a market econom y,ec ono mic cha nge of various colors implies redistributi on of resources and in comes.The same opi nio n in many com mun ities appare ntly is that such redistributi ons ofte n are not proper.There fore,the government intervenes（干涉；干预）to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in n orther n Europe .In Sweden‘Norway,Finland,Denmark,and the Netherlands,government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal.ln Great Britain this is only somewhat less er nment traditi on ally has played a very active role in econo mic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germa ny dares to go aga inst the tide towards excessive in terve ntio nism in Western Europe .It also happe ns to be the most successful Wester n Europea n economy.The welfare state has made sig ni fica nt progress in the Un ited States as well as in Western Europe.Social security ,un employme nt in sura nce,mi nimum wage laws,and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.47 .This passage is primarily concerned with discussing ------ .A .the defi niti on of the new protect ioni sm.B .the differe nee betwee n new and old protectio nism.C .the emerge nee of the new protectio nism in the Wester n world.D .the sig ni fica nee of the welfare state.48 .Which of the follow ing stateme nts is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state men ti oned in this passage?A Free educatio n is available to a child.B Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.C A jobless pers on can be in sured.D There are regulati ons for rent.49 .Which of the followi ng inferences is true,accord ing to this passage?A .The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non welfare states.B 」n the 1930 s,protect ionism bega n to rise.C .The new protect ionism is so called mai nly because it is the latest.D .Gover nment plays a more active role in econo mic life in Norther n Europe tha n in Great Britai n...50 .The passage supplies in formati on for an sweri ng which of the follow ing questio ns?A When did the new protectio nism arise? http://www.mbajyz.c nB .Why is the new protect ionism so popular in n orther n Europea n coun tries?.C .Does the American government play a more active role in economic life thanthe British gover nmen t?.D .Why does the gover nment in terve ne in econo mic life?.Sectio n BDirectio ns:.Read the followi ng passage carefully and the n give short an swersto the five questi on s.Write your an swers on the An swer Sheet..In a televisi on in terview,Mr.Da niel Brummage,Preside nt of the Intern ati onalOlympics Committee,is defe nding his Committee s decisi on to hold the Gamesaga inin four years time.Ever since the modern Olympic Games began in 1896,they ve had their critics.Every form of competitive activity attracts trouble.But part of the aim of the Games,when they were first held in ancient Greece,was to discourage war between states by en gagi ng them in a frien dlier ki nd of combat.My Committee and I intend to see that they go on doing this.The spirit of competiti on in the Games uses up a lot of en ergy that could bemore harmfully employed .In my opinion ,it does a lot of good,gett ing people to forget their differe nces in a com munal activity.A ny competitor or spectator at the Games or in the Olympic Village will tell you that the atmosphere of frien dship there is unforgettable:as if the world were one big family.And the hostilities that the pressalways likes to exaggerate,only exist in a few quarters.What we suffer from is bad publicity ,not had sportsma nship. http://www.mbajyz.c nThese Gamesare the biggest international gathering of any kind in the world.Notonly do they bring sportsme n together,but they un ite a world public」sn 'tthis a sufficient reason for continuing then?Of course,a few people are going to use them as an occasion for propaganda（宣传）,but this is no reason why the Games should be can celed.Why should every harmless activity be spoiled for the majority by the mino rity?No!As long as the majority wants it,these Games will continue.This is sport,sir, not politics,a nd I intend that it should rema in so.51 」s that right that all the people in the world agree to hold the Olympic Games?.52 When did the moder n Olympic Games begi n?53 .What is the purpose of the Olympic Committee to hold the Games?54 .What does Mr.Da niel Brummage criticize in his speech and Why?.55 Will the Games continu e?Why?PARTY Translation (15%)Direction s:.I n this part there is a passage in En glish.Tra nslate the five sentences underlinedsintosChinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet ..(56)The types of daydreams,whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when every one develops one of three basic daydream ing styles:positive n egative and scattered America n Health reports.Although every one lapses occasionallysintoseach of these types,positive daydreamers are more likelyto imagi ne happy,playful or en terta ining of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy,playful or entertaining seenarios.(57)Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life s darker side.imagi ning dan gerous an d/or lifethreate ning situati on s,such as the appeara nee of afatal or weake ning disease or becoming a victim of violence.Scattered day dreamers are easily bored and distracted."Their men tal images tend to be fleet in g,repetitive and shallow,like variati ons on the same fairy tales,"expla ins Yale psychologist Roni Tower.(58)While all three types are com mon ‘positive imagi nati ons are likeliest to serve as springboards( 跳板)for problem solving,while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a pers on feeli ng an xious.Negative daydreamers are wait ing for the other shoe"to fall."Their imagi nati ons are ofte n guilt ridde n or obsessive.There are times whe n drift ing away can cause problems,accord ing to Blodi n."lf daydream ing gets in the way of daily function because the pers on is doing it all day,the pers on won t be very productive,"she says."The amount of time and the freque ncy that a pers on daydreams is what s importa nt.lt should not take up allof your time.(59)lf people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive( 过多的), they should take a realistic look at what s going on in their life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid.The n they can assess what steps they n eed to take to correct the situati on ."(A nyone who has a hard time discrim in at ing betwee n reality and imagi nati on or starts repla cing real life family and friends with imag inedpeople should seek professi onal help.) http://www.mbajyz.c n(60)Professor Sin ger sums up the adva ntages of daydreams to the averagepers on:"by sitt ing quietly and letti ng your daydreams emerge in stead of squelching( 抑制)them,you may find there are parts of yourself you haven t been liste ning to.ln stead of feari ng them,you ll gain access to treme ndous range ofin teresti ng,creative ideas."PARTY Writing (15%)。
2010~2012年1月MBAMPA联考英语真题及参考答案.doc
2010~2012年1月MBA-MPA联考英语真题及参考答案42012年1月MBA/MPA联考英语真题及参考答案Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless wartoy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,bestequipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
MBA英语联考真题及答案
历年MBA英语联考真题及答案一、单选题（共20题，共40分）1.His wife has been_______a lot of pressure on him to change his job.A.takingB.exertingC.givingD.pushingABCD正确答案：B2.It is estimated that，currently,about50，000species become_____every year．A.extinctB.instinctC.distinctD.intenseABCD正确答案：A3.John says that his present job does not provide him with enough______for his organizing ability.A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.rangeABCD正确答案：A4.Many_______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realitiesC.necessitiesD.opportunitiesABCD正确答案：D5.After his uncle died，the young man_____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A.inhabitedB.inheritedC.inhibitedD.inhaledABCD正确答案：B6.The manager is calling on a______customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminaryC.pessimisticD.prospectiveABCD正确答案：D7.In1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A.revivaB.repressionC.recessionD.recoveryABCD正确答案：C8.The destruction of the twin towers_________shock and anger throughout the world．A.summonedB.temptedC.provokedD.stumbledABCD正确答案：C9.About20of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in_____condition．A.decisiveB.urgentC.vitaD.criticalABCD正确答案：D10.The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant_______on.peace and stability in the Asia.—Pacific region and the world as a whole.A.importanceB.impressionC.impactD.implicationABCD正确答案：C11.The poor countries are extremely_______to international economic fluctuationsA.inclinedB.vulnerableC.attractedD.reducedABCD正确答案：B12.Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A.subjectB.subjectiveC.objectedD.objectiveABCD正确答案：A13.We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal______to employment opportunities．A.entranceB.entryC.accessD.admissionABCD正确答案：C14.Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA.onlyB.soleC.mereD.singleABCD正确答案：C15.The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can________the performance of many children．A.withholdB.preventC.enhanceD.justifyABCD正确答案：C16.All her hard work__________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A.showed offB.paid offC.1eft offD.kept offABCD正确答案：B17.In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just________with events．A.put supB.set upC.turn upD.make upABCD正确答案：A18.The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A.at handB.at stakeC.at largeD.at bestABCD正确答案：B19.I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to_____it.A.stick toB.abide byply withD.keep onABCD正确答案：A20.Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A.more thanB.but forC.thanks toD.along withABCD正确答案：D。
MBA英语真题和答案解析
MBA英语真题和答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and wouldauthenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”syst ems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others areconcerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．A.swept B.skipped C.walkedD.ridden2．A.for B.within C.while D.though3．A.careless wless C.pointlessD.helpless4．A.reason B.reminder promiseD.proposal5 rmation． B.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6．A.by B.into C.from D.over 7．A.linked B.directed C.chainedpared8．A.dismiss B.discover C.createD.improve9．A.recall B.suggest C.selectD.realize10．A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11．A.carry on B.linger on C.set inD.log in12．A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13．A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14．A.caution B.delight C.confidenceD.patience15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17．A.frequestly B.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18．A.skepticism B.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19．A.manageable B.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACD。
2012年MBA英语真题及答案解析
2012年MBA英语真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbolof American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was nota volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.G.I. joe had a 11 career fighting German ,Japanese, and Korean troops. He appers as a character, or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person intheir lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passeddown9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated[D]contradicte17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at thatpoint完形填空参考答案1~5 BBAAC 6~10 DCACB 11~15 DBCDD 16~20 ACCBDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make themcount for almost nothing. Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for asignificant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful oraooropriate to theirage and the subject.or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework参考答案21~25 ACABDText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began toseem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping, stone” between infant wear and older kids’clothes. It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological developmentwas much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological experts参考答案26~30 ABACCText 3In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courtswill remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .[A] their executives to be active[B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable[D] the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe that .[A] genetic tests are not reliable[B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation[D] courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for .[A] establishing disease correlations[B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes[D] identifying human DNA34. By saying “each meeting was packed”(Line4,Para.6) the author means that .[A] the supreme court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organization[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is .[A] critical[B] supportive[C] scornful[D] objective参考答案31~35 CBBCDThe great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very last, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an ear of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.In come inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed; those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings” (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to.[A] seek subsidies from the government[B] explore reasons for the unemployment[C] make profits from the troubled economy[D] look on the bright side of the recession37. according to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people .[A] realize the national dream[B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their prudence[D] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recession may .[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D] ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates fromelite universities tend to .[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is .[A] certain[B] positive[C] trivial[D] destructive参考答案36~40 DDBDAPart BDirections:(7选5)Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successfulleaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt,Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.”And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender torace to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leadingartists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the greatmen in history.44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of themasses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successfulleaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineerindustrialists and explorers.参考答案41~45 AFGCE46．Direction：When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25 . This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.46.翻译答案：当来自发展中国家的人们担心移民的问题时，他们通常关心的是自己是否有希望离开家乡，而成功地进入硅谷，或进入发达国家的医院和大学工作。
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解说课讲解
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on GoLd man's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. Theposition was taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpfuL, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most LikeLy reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors arealways jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easiertime of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticizedfor_______.A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be _______.A. generous investorsC. share price forecastersB. unbiased executivesD. independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director's surprise departure, the firm i8 likely to _______.A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits.24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_______.A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had the records of wrong doings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is _______.A. permissiveB. positiveC. scornfulD. critical参考答案21.答案 B.本题信息点是Ms. simmons was criticized (Simmons 受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话…simmons was under fire. . 中，其中under fire 意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。
mba英语历年真题及答案解析
mba英语历年真题及答案解析MBA English: Past Exam Questions and Answer AnalysisIntroduction:The Master of Business Administration (MBA) program is widely recognized as a stepping stone for professionals seeking to advance their careers in the field of business management. As part of the admission process, manyinstitutions require prospective students to take an English exam to assess their language proficiency. In this article, we will discuss some past MBA English exam questions, as well as provide detailed answer analysis.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn this section, candidates are usually presented with a series of texts followed by a set of questions to test their reading ability. It is important to carefully analyze the passages and understand the context before attempting to answer the questions. Let's take a look at an example:Passage:Companies today are faced with the challenge of maintaining a competitive edge in a rapidly changing business environment. One strategy that has proven successful is innovation. By continuously developing new products andservices, companies are able to meet the ever-changing demands of their customers.Question:What is the main challenge that companies face in the current business environment?Answer Analysis:The correct answer to this question is "maintaining a competitive edge." This is evident from the first sentence of the passage. By understanding the main idea and extracting key information, candidates can confidently answer the question correctly.Section 2: Grammar and VocabularyThis section evaluates candidates' understanding of grammatical rules and vocabulary usage. It consists of multiple-choice questions, sentence completion exercises, and error identification tasks. Here's an example:Question:Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: The company's success is ________ on its employees' hard work.Answer Analysis:The correct answer to this question is "dependent." Byunderstanding the context of the sentence, candidates can determine the appropriate word that fits logically and grammatically.Section 3: Writing SkillsWriting skills assessment in the MBA English exam typically involves a prompt or a specific topic, and candidates are required to write an essay or a business report. Let's consider a writing prompt:Prompt:Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of remote work in today's business world.Answer Analysis:To effectively respond to this prompt, candidates should first brainstorm ideas for both the advantages and disadvantages of remote work. They should then organize their thoughts into an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. It is crucial to provide examples, supporting details, and a balanced argument in their response.Conclusion:MBA English exams play a crucial role in evaluating candidates' language proficiency, as effective communication is essential for success in business management. By engaging in thorough preparation and understanding the structure ofthe exam, candidates can perform well on the reading comprehension, grammar and vocabulary, as well as writing skills sections. Remember to practice regularly and seek guidance to improve your performance. Good luck with your MBA journey!。
MBA联考英语真题及答案
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】MBA联考英语真题及答案本文来源：泰祺教育Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who （1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who （3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the （4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up （6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation （7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never（9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a workin g。
MBA联考英语真题及答案
10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither
11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished
12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation（7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? Acommon name for a guy who never（9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has（10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.
1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed
2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal
3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded
4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes
5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence
6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against
mba英语试题及答案
mba英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The company has recently undergone a significant restructuring, which has resulted in a _______ in efficiency.A. decreaseB. increaseC. fluctuationD. stagnation答案：B2. Despite the economic downturn, the CEO remained _______ about the future of the company.A. skepticalB. optimisticC. indifferentD. pessimistic答案：B3. The new marketing strategy aims to _______ our brand awareness among young consumers.A. enhanceB. diminishC. maintainD. diversify答案：A4. The board of directors has decided to _______ the current CEO due to poor performance.A. promoteB. retainC. replaceD. consult答案：C5. The merger talks have been _______ due to disagreements over the terms of the deal.A. postponedB. canceledC. acceleratedD. finalized答案：A6. The company's financial statements show a _______ trend in profits over the past five years.A. decliningB. steadyC. risingD. volatile答案：C7. The project was delayed due to a _______ in the supply chain.A. disruptionB. enhancementC. innovationD. consolidation答案：A8. The manager's leadership style is characterized by a_______ approach to problem-solving.A. collaborativeB. authoritativeC. passiveD. competitive答案：A9. The company's new product launch was a _______ success, exceeding all expectations.A. moderateB. resoundingC. partialD. marginal答案：B10. The sales team's performance has been _______ by the introduction of a new incentive program.A. hinderedB. stimulatedC. underminedD. neutralized答案：B二、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
MBA英语历年真题答案详解年
2001年MBA英语真题及答案考生须知选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
2001年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.1.The annual------of the department store starts tomorrow.A stocking.B stocktakingC stockpiling.D stockholding.2.Remember to ask for a ------of quality for these goods;otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.A warranty.B promiseC certificate.D recejpt.3.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government------.A control.B monopolyC business.D belongings.4.Bank notes are not usually------into gold nowadays.A inverted.B revertibleC convertible.D diverting.5.I------you that the goods will be delivered next week.A insist.B confirmC assure.D ensure.6.The manager just------his resignation to the board meeting yesterday and today anotherone took his place.A sent up.B sent offC sent out.D sent in.7.Let s not------over such a trifle!A fall through.B fall outC fall off.D fall back.8.The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features,but each has used them according to its national------.A personality.B temperamentC interest.D destiny.9.Our journey was slow because the train stopped------at different villages.A gradually.B continuouslyC constantly.D continually.10.When he realized the police had spotted him,the man------the exit as quickly as possible.A made for.B made outC made up to.D made way.11.The goods------when we arrived at the airport.A were just unloaded.B were just being unloadedC were just been unloaded.D had just unloaded.12.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds------his argument in favor of the new theory.A which to base on.B on which to baseC to base on which.D which to be based on.13.I think your words carry more weight than------.A anybody else s.B that of anybody sC anybody else.D else anybody s.14.The second book was------by August 1996,but two years later,the end was still nowhere in sight.A to complete.B completedC to have been completed.D to have completed.15.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I------fully occupied the whole of last week.A were.B wasC had been.D have been.16.No difficulty and no hardship------discouraged him.A has.B haveC has been.D have been.17.I always keep candles in the house------there is a power cut.A if.B in caseC on condition that.D when.18.Some modern children s fiction deals with serious problems and situations with a realism seldom------in earlier books.A attempted.B attemptingC being attempted.D having attempted.19.Written in a hurry,------. A he made many mistakes in the paper.B there were a lot of mistakes in the paper.C we found plenty of errors in her paperD the paper was full of errors.20.Some student prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer------to work on their own.A leaving.B to leaveC having been left.D to be left.Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory.The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions,the bases 21the decisions we make,and the roots of our habits and skills are to be 22in our past experiences,which are broughtsintosthe present23memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep 24 available for later use.It includes not only"remembering"thing like arithmetic or historical facts,but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves.Memory is25when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory is also involved when a six year old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory26not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and puters,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use.It is interesting tocompare the memory storage capacity of a computer27that of a human being.The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000"words"ready for28use.A naverage American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100,000 words of English.However,this is but a fraction of the total29of information which the teenager has stored.Consider,for example,the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person s memory is in terms of words and30of words.21A of. B to. C for. D on22A kept. B found. C sought. D stored23A by. B from. C with. D in24.A experiences. B bases C observations. D information.25A called. B taken. C involved. D included26A exists. B appears. C affects. D seems27A to. B with. C against. D for28.A progressive. B instructive C instant. D protective.29A deal. B number. C mount. D amount30.A combinations. B corrections C coordinations. D collections.Section III Reading comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections:.There are 5 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil..Questions 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulation,inspections,deposit insurance,and loans to troubled banks.For over 50 years,these precautions have prevented banking panics.However,there have been some close calls.The collapse of Continental lllinois Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system,but it certainly rattled some windows.In the late 1970s,Continental soared to a leadership position among Midwestern banks.Parts of its growth strategy were risky,however.It made many loans in the energy field,including billion that it took over from Penn Square Band of Oklahoma City.To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans,Continental relied heavily on short term borrowing from other banks and large,30 day certificates of deposit-"hot money",in banking jargon.At least one Continental officer saw danger signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors,but the memo went unheeded .Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis,it failed to see low serious its problems were going to be.Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982.When energy prices began toslip,most of the billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be had.Other loans to troubled companies such Chrysler,lnternational Harvester,and Braniff looked questionable.Seeing these problem，"hot money"owners began to pull their funds out of Continental.By the spring of 1984,a run on Continental had begun.In May,the bank had to borrow .5 billion from the Fed to replace overnight funds it bad lost.But this was not enough.To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continemtal,the FDIC agreed to guarantee not just the first ,000 of each depositor s money but all of it.Nevertheless,the run continued. Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take over Continental-a common way of rescuing failing banks.But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed.Regulators faced a stark choice:Let Continental collapse,or take it over themselves.Letting the bank fail seemed too risky.It was estimated that more than 100 other banks had placed enough funds in Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed.Thus,on a rainy Thursday at the end of July,the FDIC in effect nationalized Continental Illinois at a cost of .5 billion.This kept the bank s doors open and prevented a chain reaction.However,in all but a technical sense,Continental had become the biggest bank failure in U.S.history.31.In the spring of 1984,Continental experienced------.A a fast growth period.B a stability periodC a run.D an oil price decrease.32.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was------.A destroyed.B absurdC desperate.D damaged.33.The nationalizatin of Continental------.A saved itB made"hot money"owners continue to pull their funds out of Continental.C almost brought down the banking systemD fired many high ranking officers.34.Banking panics may be prevented by means of------.A deposit insurance.B growth strategyC long term borrowing.D warning memo.Questions 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills,American firms have a problem.Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition is considered as an individual bor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy.In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy.The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of contrast,in Japan the head of human resource management is central-usually the second most important executive,after the CEO,in the firm s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees.And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example,take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity,and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is a slower pace of technological change.And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half.If the bottom half can t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management andprofessional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.35.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?A.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment..D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.36.What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm?A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm..B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C.He is directly under the chief financial executive.D.He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm..37.The money most American firms spend in training mainly goes to----.A workers who can operate new equipment B technological and managerial staffC workers who lack basic background skillsD top executives.38.What is the main idea of the passage?A.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.B.Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource man agement.C.The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy..D.The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity...Questions 39 to 42 are based on the following passage:Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world s businesses,institutions,and individuals.The internet,which means interconnected network of networks,links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks.These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words,images,and sounds.The Internet was information on virtually every work users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic"bulletin boards ,"where users form discussion groups around common interests.Much of the Internet s traffic consists of messagessent from one computer user to another.These messages are called electronic mail or e mail.Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e mail.Other uses of the network include obtaining news,joining electronic debates,and playing electronic games.One feature of the Internet,known as the World Wide Web,provides graphics,audio,and video to enhance the information in its documents.These documents cover a vast number of topics.People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem.Modems connect computers to the network through telephone lines.Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber optic cables.These cables contain hair thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light.They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines,most of which consist of copper wires.The history of the Internet began in the 1960s.At that time,the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnet.Originally,ARPAnet connected only military a nd government computer systems.Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or was.Soon after the creation of ARPAnet,universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks.These networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the Internet.By the 1990s,anyone with a computer,modem,and Internet software could link up to the Internet.In the future,the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful.Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger networkcalled the information superhighway.This network,still under development,would link computers with telephone companies,cable television stations,and other communication systems.People could bank,shop,watch TV,and perform many other activities through the network.39.This passage is about the------of the Internet.A future.B general introductionC use.D history.40.Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?A.ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions.B.The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago.C.The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world in the event of war.D.ARPAnet formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays...41.The Internet enables people to do all the following things EXCEPT----.A sending e mail.B obtaining newsC exchanging modem.D internet related chat(IRC).42.According to the last paragraph,in the future------.A.in may be hard to predict the development of the Internet.B.the Internet will become an indispensable superhighway.C.the Internet will be applied more.D.the Internet will combine cable stations.Questions 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny.According to this ideology,basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes.These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life.Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally.Thus,they are naturally suited,much more so than men,to the performance of domestic duties .A woman s place,under normal circumstances,is within the protective environment of the home.Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles,such as wife and mother and homemaker.On the other hand,men are best suited to go outsintosthe competitive world of work and politics,where serious responsibilities must be taken on.Men are to be the providers;women and children are"dependents."The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex.It is thus appropriate for women,not men,to be employed as nurses,social workers,elementary school teachers,household helpers,and clerks and secretaries.These positions are simply an extension of women s domestic rmal distinctions between"women s work"and"men s work"in the labor force,according to the ideology,are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.Finally,the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way.For the human species to survive over time,its members must regularly reproduce.Thus,women must,whether at home or in the labor force,make the most of their physical appearance.So goes the ideology.It is,of course,not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex defined roles in social life.There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society,and those role differences that to exist are largely learned.But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society,sex defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.43.Women s place,some people think,is within the protective environment of the home because------.A.women can provide better care for the children.B.women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all.C.women are biologically suited to domestic jobs.D.women can not compete with men in any field.44.According to the author,sex roles------.A are socially determinedB.are emotionally and physically determined.C.can only be determined by what education people take.D.are biologically and psychologically determined.45.The author points out that the assignments of women s roles in work------.A.are determined by what they are better suited to.B.grow out of their position inside the home.C.reflect a basic difference between men and women.D.are suitable to them,but not to men.46.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.The division of sex defined roles is completely unacceptable..B.Women s roles in work are too limited at present..C.In one society,men might perform what is considered women s duties by another.D.Some of the women s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.Questions 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:In a sense,the new protectionism is not protectionism at all,at least not in the traditional sense of the term.The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and tradeexpanding devices,such as the tariff or export subsidy.The new protectionism is much broader than this;it includes interventionssintosforeign trade but is not limited to them.The new protectionism,in fact,refers to how the whole of government interventionsintosthe private economy affects international trade.The emphasis on trade is still there,thus came the term"protection."But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist,or welfare economy over the market economy.Jab Tumiler writes,"The old protectionism…coexisted,without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed,protectionists as well as (if not more than)free traders stood for laissez faire(放任政策).Now,as in the 1930s,protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction."It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism.In a market economy,economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes.The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper.There fore,the government intervenes(干涉；干预)to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe.In Sweden ,Norway,Finland,Denmark,and the Netherlands,government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal.In Great Britain this is only somewhatless ernment traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so.Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe.It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe.Social security,unemployment insurance,minimum wage laws,and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.47.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing------.A.the definition of the new protectionism.B.the difference between new and old protectionism.C.the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world.D.the significance of the welfare state.48.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?A Free education is available to a child.B Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.C A jobless person can be insured.D There are regulations for rent.49.Which of the following inferences is true,according to this passage?A.The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non welfare states.B.In the 1930s,protectionism began to rise.C.The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.ernment plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain...50.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?A When did the new protectionism arise?B.Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?.C.Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?.D.Why does the government intervene in economic life?.Section BDirections:.Read the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the five questions.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet..In a television interview,Mr.Daniel Brummage,President of the International Olympics Committee,is defending his Committee s decision to hold the Games again in four years time.Ever since the modern Olympic Games began in 1896,they ve had their critics.Every form of competitive activity attracts trouble.But part of the aim of the Games ,when they were first held in ancient Greece,was to discourage war between states by engaging them in a friendlier kind of combat.My Committee and I intend to see that they go on doing this.The spirit of competition in the Games uses up a lot of energy that could be more harmfully employed.In my opinion,it does a lot of good,getting people to forget their differences in a communal activity.Any competitor or spectator at the Games or in the Olympic Village will tell you that the atmosphere of friendship there is unforgettable:as if the world were one big family.And the hostilities that the press always likes to exaggerate,only exist in a few quarters.What we suffer from is bad publicity,not had sportsmanship. These Games are the biggest international gathering of any kind in the world.Not only do they bring sportsmen together,but they unite a world public.Isn′t this a sufficient reason for continuing then?Of course,a few people are going to use them as an occasion for propaganda(宣传)，but this is no reason why the Games should be canceled.Why should every harmless activity be spoiled for the majority by the minority?No!As long as the majority wants it,these Games will continue.This is sport,sir,not politics,and I intend that it should remain so.51.Is that right that all the people in the world agree to hold the Olympic Games?.52When did the modern Olympic Games begin?53.What is the purpose of the Olympic Committee to hold the Games?54.What does Mr.Daniel Brummage criticize in his speech and Why?.55Will the Games continue?Why?PARTⅣTranslation (15%)Directions:.In this part there is a passage in English.Translate the five sentences underlinedsintosChinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet . .(56)The types of daydreams,whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles:positive negative and scattered American Health reports.Although everyone lapses occasionallysintoseach of these types,positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy,playful or entertaining of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy,playful or entertaining scenarios.(57)Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life s darker side.imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations,such as the appearance of afatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence.Scattered day dreamers are easily bored and distracted."Their mental images tend to be fleeting,repetitive and shallow,like variations on the same fairy tales,"explains Yale psychologist Roni Tower.(58)While all three types are common,positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards(跳板)for problem solving,while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious.Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe"to fall."Their imaginations are often guilt ridden or obsessive.There are times when drifting away can cause problems,according to Blodin."If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day,the person won t be very productive,"she says."The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is what s important.It should not take up all of your time.(59)If people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive(过多的)，they should take a realistic look at what s going on in their life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid.Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation."(Anyone who has a hard time discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.)(60)Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person:"by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instead of squelching(抑制)them,you may find there are parts of yourself you haven t been listening to.Instead of fearing them,you ll gain access to tremendous range of interesting,creative ideas."PARTⅤWriting (15%)Directions:.Write a composition according to the information given in the following outline in Chinese.Your composition should be about 120 words.Remember to write clearly.You should write this composition on the Answer Sheet..网络经济的新启示(new revelations)1网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。
mba入学考试英语真题答案解析
mba入学考试英语真题答案解析MBA入学考试英语真题答案解析在现代竞争激烈的商业环境中，拥有MBA学位成为许多人职业发展的必经之路。
而为了进入理想的商学院，MBA入学考试成为必不可少的一环。
其中，英语部分是考生们普遍感到困惑的一部分，今天我们就来解析一些MBA入学考试英语真题的答案。
首先，我们来看一个语法题目：1. Many people believe that technology ______ business productivity.A. improvesB. improvingC. improvedD. had improved答案解析：正确答案是A. improves。
这道题主要考察的是时态和语法规则。
根据句子的语境和逻辑关系，我们可以判断这是一个现在时态的陈述句。
因此，选项A能够正确表达这种关系：许多人相信技术提高了商业生产力。
接下来，让我们来看一道阅读理解题：Passage:The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gained increasing popularity in recent years. Many studies haveshown that EI is a better predictor of success and happiness than traditional intelligence (IQ). EI refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions, as well as understand and influence the emotions of others.2. According to the passage, emotional intelligence is ______.A. more important than traditional intelligenceB. the ability to control other people's emotionsC. only related to personal emotionsD. unrelated to success and happiness答案解析：正确答案是A. more important than traditional intelligence。
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on GoLd man's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. Theposition was taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpfuL, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most LikeLy reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors arealways jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easiertime of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticizedfor_______.A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be _______.A. generous investorsC. share price forecastersB. unbiased executivesD. independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director's surprise departure, the firm i8 likely to _______.A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits.24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_______.A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had the records of wrong doings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is _______.A. permissiveB. positiveC. scornfulD. critical参考答案21.答案 B.本题信息点是Ms. simmons was criticized (Simmons 受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话…simmons was under fire. . 中，其中under fire 意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解
MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on GoLd man's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. Theposition was taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpfuL, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most LikeLy reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors arealways jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up,"leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_______.A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be _______.A. generous investorsC. share price forecastersB. unbiased executivesD. independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director's surprise departure, the firm i8 likely to _______.A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits.24.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outsidedirectors_______.A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had the records of wrong doings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is _______.A. permissiveB. positiveC. scornfulD. critical参考答案21.答案B.本题信息点是Ms. simmons was criticized (Simmons 受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话…simmons was under fire. . 中，其中under fire 意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。
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2001年ＭＢA英语真题及答案考生须知选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
交卷时,请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据)。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
20０1年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Ｓectｉon I V ocａbｕｌary(10 points)Ｄirｅctioｎｓ:Tｈeｒe ａre 20 iｎcｏmplete seｎteｎｃｅｓin this sｅｃtioｎ.Foｒeach seｎten ｃe tｈere are fouｒchoiｃesｍａｒked A，B, C and D. Ｃｈoose tｈｅone ｔｈaｔbest cｏmpｌeｔes tｈe sentenｃe ａnd ｍark youｒansｗerｓon AＮＳWERＳHEET 1.1.Ｔhｅanｎｕal------ｏf the dｅpartmｅntｓｔｏｒe starts tomorroｗ．A stockiｎg．B stocktakinｇC sｔockpｉling. Ｄstocｋholdｉng.2.Remｅmｂer to ａsk foｒａ------of qualitｙfoｒtheseｇoods;oｔｈerwｉｓe tｈey will ｎot offer any mａintｅｎaｎcｅ.A warrａnty.B proｍｉｓeCｃｅrtificａｔe．D reｃejpt.3.In mａnyｃounｔrｉes tｏｂaｃｃo aｎｄmedicineａrｅgoveｒnmenｔ-－--－-．A control．B mｏｎopolｙC busｉｎｅsｓ.D bｅlongings.4.Ｂank noｔｅs ａｒe not ｕsuａlly-－----inｔo ｇｏld nｏwadays.A invｅrtｅｄ.B reverｔｉｂleCｃonvertｉble.D dｉveｒtiｎg.５.I--－－--ｙouｔhat ｔｈe goods ｗill beｄｅlivｅreｄnext wｅek.Ａinsisｔ.B confirmＣassuｒe. Ｄenｓuｒｅ.6.Tｈe manageｒｊｕsｔ-－-－--his resignatiｏn to thｅｂoａｒd meetｉｎg y ｅsteｒｄａy and toｄａy anoｔｈer ｏne ｔook hｉsｐlace．A sｅnｔuｐ.Ｂseｎt offＣseｎt oｕt. Dｓｅnt in．7.Ｌeｔs noｔ－-----over such aｔｒiｆｌe！A falｌthroｕgｈ．ＢfaｌｌｏutC fall oｆf.Dｆallｂack.8.The cultures of China ａnd Jａｐanｈave ｓｈａｒeｄｍany fｅａｔｕreｓ,but each has ｕsｅｄthｅm aｃcording to its ｎａtioｎal----－-.A peｒsonalｉty. ＢtemperａｍenｔC interest．D destiny.9.Ｏｕr journeyｗａs ｓlow bｅｃause the traｉn stopped--－---atｄiffｅrｅnt villages．Ａgradｕalｌy. B coｎtinuoｕslyＣcｏｎｓｔａntlｙ．D cｏntinｕａlｌｙ.１0．Whenｈe realizeｄｔhe ｐolｉce had ｓpottｅｄｈｉm,the ｍan------ｔhe e ｘit as ｑｕicｋly ａs posｓiblｅ．A maｄｅfoｒ.Ｂｍaｄe ouｔC maｄe ｕp to.D mａde way.11.Ｔhe goods－-----ｗhen we arrｉｖed aｔthe airport.A wereｊust unloaｄeｄ.B werｅjust being ｕnloadedC were juｓt beeｎunloaded.D haｄｊuｓt unｌoａded.12．Thｅpｒoｆessor can haｒｄly find suffｉｃｉent groundｓ－-----his aｒgumeｎt in fａｖor ｏf thｅneｗｔｈeoｒy.A wｈｉｃh to ｂaseｏｎ．B on wｈiｃh to bａｓeＣto ｂａse ｏn which. Ｄwhｉcｈtｏbe ｂaseｄｏｎ．13.I thｉnk ｙouｒｗoｒds carrｙmore ｗeigｈt than------．A anｙｂody elsｅs．Bｔｈat of anybodyｓCａｎｙbody elｓｅ. D else ａｎybｏdy s.1４．The ｓeｃonｄboｏk ｗas------bｙAｕgust 1９９６,but two ｙｅars lａｔer,the ｅnd wａs stilｌｎowhere in sigｈt．A to completｅ.B completｅdＣto hａve been completeｄ．Ｄtｏhaｖe coｍpleｔeｄ．15.I woulｄhavｅgone tｏｖiｓｉt ｈiｍin the hospｉtal haｄit been ａt all possibｌe,bｕｔＩ---－--fullｙoccｕpiｅｄthe ｗｈoｌe of last ｗｅeｋ.Ａｗｅre.BｗａsC hａd ｂeen.D have beeｎ.16.No dｉfficulｔyａｎｄｎo hardshｉｐ------diｓcourageｄhiｍ.Ａｈas．B haveCｈａs been．D have ｂeen.17.I aｌways keep candlｅsｉn the house-----－ｔhere iｓａｐoweｒｃuｔ.Ａif. B in caseＣon coｎdiｔｉonｔhat．D wｈen.18.Soｍeｍodern cｈildｒｅn sｆｉction deals with ｓerioｕs proｂｌemｓaｎｄｓituatiｏｎs witｈa reａlｉsｍselｄoｍ------in eaｒlｉer bｏoｋs.A attempted.B attemptingCｂeｉｎg aｔtｅｍpｔｅｄ. Ｄhaving aｔｔｅmpｔed.19.Written ｉn a ｈurrｙ，－----－.Ａｈe made maｎy mｉstａｋes in the ｐapｅr．Bｔhere wｅre a lot ｏｆｍiｓtakes in the paｐer.C we fｏund plenｔｙofｅｒroｒs in heｒpapeｒＤthe paper wasｆulｌof erroｒｓ.20．Some studeｎt prefｅr a ｓｔricｔｔeacher whｏtellｓthem exａctｌy what tｏdo.Others prefer------to woｒｋon their ｏｗn．A lｅaｖing．B to leaｖeC haｖing bｅｅｎlefｔ.D toｂe left.Section II Cｌoze(１0 poiｎｔs）Ｄiｒeｃtioｎs: Reａd ｔhe following text．Choose tｈe ｂesｔworｄ(ｓ)for each n ｕmbered bｌaｎk and ｍａrｋＡ,B,Ｃor D oｎANＳWER SＨEEＴ1.It is difficult to imagine what lｉfｅwould bｅlike withｏｕt mｅmory.The ｍeaｎings of thousands of evｅｒyday peｒｃeptiｏns,thｅｂases 21thｅｄｅciｓionｓwe make，and ｔhe roots ｏf our habiｔｓanｄｓkillｓaｒe ｔo bｅ２2in our paｓt experieｎces,whiｃh ａre ｂrｏｕghtsｉnｔosthe present23ｍｅｍｏrｙ．Memory can ｂe ｄefiｎed as thｅcapaｃity tｏkｅep ２4 avａilａble for later use．It iｎｃludes nｏt oｎlｙ"rememberｉng＂thingｌiｋe arithmｅtｉc or hiｓtorical ｆactｓ,bｕt aｌｓo aｎy chaｎgｅin ｔhe way anａniｍａl tyｐicａllyｂeｈavｅｓ．Meｍorｙis25wｈen a ｒaｔｇives uｐeating grain becaｕse he ｈas snif ｆed soｍeｔhing suspicioｕs ｉn the ｇｒａiｎpiｌｅ．Memｏry ｉs alｓo iｎvoｌvｅｄwhen a sｉｘyeａr oｌd child learns to swing a ｂaseｂall ｂat.Memory26not ｏnｌy in humaｎs aｎd animals buｔａlso inｓomｅphysical objects aｎd ｐuｔeｒs,for examｐle，ｃoｎtａin devicｅs ｆoｒstoｒｉng d ａｔa for latｅr use.Iｔiｓｉntｅrestｉng to comparｅｔheｍeｍoryｓtorage capaci ｔy ｏf a compｕｔer2７tｈaｔoｆ a hｕman beinｇ．The instant access mｅｍory oｆa large computｅr maｙｈｏld up tｏ1０0，00０"woｒdｓ"readｙfｏr28 usｅ.A naverａｇe Americaｎteenａgerｐrｏｂably recognizes the meanings of ａbout 100,000 ｗｏrｄs of Ｅｎglish.Howｅvｅr,this ｉs but a ｆrａcｔioｎｏf theｔｏｔａｌ２９of infｏrmation which the ｔeeｎagｅｒhaｓstorｅd.Considｅr,fｏrｅxample,ｔｈｅnｕmbｅr oｆfａｃts and pｌaｃeｓthat tｈe teenaｇer can recogniｚe on siｇｈt.Thｅuｓe oｆｗorｄs is tｈe baｓis oｆthe advancｅd ｐｒｏbleｍsolviｎｇｉnteｌlｉｇence of humaｎbeingｓ.Aｌarge paｒt of ａpｅｒｓｏnｓmｅmory ｉs in ｔｅｒｍｓof wordｓand30ｏf worｄs．21A of．B tｏ．C fｏr. Ｄon2２Aｋept. Bｆｏund.C souｇht.D storｅｄ2３A by. B frｏm. Ｃｗiｔｈ. D in24.Aｅxperienｃeｓ．B bases C obｓｅrvatｉons．D iｎfoｒmａtｉon.２5A cａlleｄ. B taken.Cｉnｖｏlved. Ｄincluded26Ａexｉsts. B apｐears. C afｆｅcts.Ｄseeｍs2７Aｔo.Bｗｉth．C agａｉｎｓt．D for２8.A proｇressive. Ｂinstｒｕctive C insｔant．D proｔective.2９A deal. Ｂnumｂer．C mouｎｔ. D aｍount30.A coｍbiｎations.B coｒｒｅctions Cｃoｏrdinationｓ.Ｄcoｌｌections.SectioｎＩＩI Reａding compｒeheｎｓion （4０ｐoiｎts)Section ADｉｒecｔions:．Therｅaｒｅ5pａｓsａｇｅs in this ｐａrt．Each passage is folｌｏwed by sｏme ｑueｓｔｉｏｎs oｒunfinished sｔatemeｎｔs．For each of tｈｅm tｈere ａrｅfｏｕr choices maｒked A,B,C,and D．Yｏu sｈoulｄdeｃiｄｅoｎthe beｓtｃhoｉce aｎｄblacken the corrｅsｐonding leｔｔeｒon the AnswｅｒSheｅt with a pｅncil．.Qｕｅｓtｉonｓ31 tｏ34 are bａｓed on ｔｈe follｏwing pａssaｇe:The sｔaｂiliｔy ｏf the U.S．bankｉnｇsystem ｉs mａintaｉned by mｅans oｆｓu ｐeｒvisｉoｎand rｅgulatｉｏn,inｓpectｉoｎs,dｅposiｔinsurａnce,ａnd lｏaｎs to ｔroubled bａnkｓ.Ｆor ｏｖeｒ50yeaｒs,ｔhese precautioｎｓｈaｖe preｖｅnted bａnｋiｎg pａnｉｃｓ．Ｈowever,there ｈａve been sｏｍｅcloｓe caｌlｓ.Tｈe colｌaｐｓe of Continenｔａl lllinｏｉs Baｎk & Truｓｔed Ｃomｐａny ｏf Ｃｈicago in 1984 dｉd ｎoｔbringｄｏwn the banking ｓｙｓtｅm，bｕt ｉｔcertａiｎly rattled some ｗindoｗｓ.In tｈe lａte1９70ｓ,Contiｎｅnｔaｌsoared tｏａｌeadership ｐosｉtion ａmon ｇＭidwｅstern banks．Parts of itｓｇroｗth stｒaｔegy were rｉsky,howｅｖer.It mad ｅmanyｌｏａnｓiｎｔhe energy ｆield,including bｉllioｎｔhat it took ｏvｅｒfrｏm PｅｎｎSquarｅBaｎd ｏf Oklahｏma City.To obｔaｉn the ｆundｓｉｔｎeeｄed ｔo makｅthesｅloans,Continental reｌieｄhｅavily oｎshort tｅrmｂorrowing froｍoｔｈer bａｎks and ｌarge,３0ｄay ｃｅrtificates ofｄeｐosit-"ｈot ｍoneｙ",in bankinｇjａrgon.At least ｏne Cｏｎｔineｎtaｌoffｉcer sａw danｇer ｓｉgns and wrｏte a warninｇmeｍｏｔｏｈer superiorｓ，but the mｅmｏwent ｕnhｅede ｄ.Althougｈｔhe Coｍｐtroller of theＣurｒeｎcy ｉｎｓpecteｄCｏｎｔｉｎentａl ｏn a rｅguｌａr ｂａsis,it ｆaｉleｄtｏseｅlｏw sｅriｏｕs its pｒoｂｌeｍｓwerｅgoing ｔo be.Pｅｎn Squａｒe Banｋwａs ｃlosed ｂyｒeｇuｌaｔorｓｉn Jｕlｙ1982.Ｗhen enｅrｇy prices begａn to ｓｌip，most oｆthe bｉｌlｉon ｉn loans thａt Ｃontinental haｄtaｋen over fｒom theｓmallｅr baｎkｓturnｅd ouｔto beｈad.Ｏｔher loans ｔo tｒoubled comｐanｉes sucｈＣhrysｌer,lnｔernａtｉoｎal Harvｅsｔｅr,ａnd Ｂranifｆｌooked questionaｂle.Seeiｎg theｓｅｐrobｌem，＂hoｔmoneｙ"ownｅrs begaｎto ｐull their funｄs oｕt of Cｏntinental.By the ｓpｒinｇoｆ1984,a run on Ｃoｎtiｎｅnｔalｈａｄｂegｕn.Ｉn Maｙ，t ｈe bank had tｏborrow .5 bｉlliｏｎfrｏm the Feｄtｏreｐlａce overniｇht funｄs iｔｂａd loｓt.Buｔthis wａｓnｏt enoｕgｈ.Ｔoｔry to sｔem the oｕtｆlow ｏｆdeposits frｏm Continemtal,thｅFDIＣagreｅd tｏｇuａraｎtee not jｕsｔthｅfirｓt ,0０0 of each dｅpｏｓitor s moneｙbｕｔall oｆit.Ｎevertheｌess,theｒuｎｃonｔinueｄ.Feｄerａｌregulators ｔrｉed hard tｏｆｉｎd a soｕnd bank that could taｋｅoｖer Conｔiｎenｔal－ａｃommon waｙof rｅscuｉng fａilinｇbａｎkｓ.But Continentaｌwａsｊusｔtoo big for anｙｏｎe to buy．By July,aｌｌhｏpe of a privａte ｓeｃtor ｒｅｓcuｅｗasｄasｈｅｄ.Regulatoｒs facｅｄa stark ｃhoｉce:Lｅt Ｃoｎtiｎｅntal ｃollaｐse,or tａke iｔovｅr tｈｅmselveｓ．Leｔｔing the bａnk fail sｅｅmed too risｋｙ.Iｔwaｓesｔimated that more thａn 100 other banｋｓhad placeｄenｏｕｇh funds ｉnＣontinenｔal tｏｐut thｅm at risk iｆＣontineｎtal ｆaiｌｅｄ．Thus，on a ｒａiｎy Thuｒsｄａyａt tｈｅｅｎdｏｆJu ｌｙ,tｈe FＤIC in efｆeｃｔnationalizedＣontinentａｌIllinois at a cost of .5 biｌlion.Ｔhis kept tｈｅｂankｓdoors opｅn and prevenｔeｄa chain rｅactiｏｎ.Howevｅｒ,in all but a teｃhnｉcal sense,Continｅntal ｈaｄｂecｏme the bｉｇgesｔbanｋfaｉlure ｉn Ｕ.S.hiｓtorｙ.31.In thｅspｒiｎg of 1９8４,Cｏｎtiｎｅｎtal experｉenｃed--－－--.A a ｆast growｔh periｏd.B a ｓtａbiｌiｔy ｐｅrｉｏdC a run. Dａｎoil pｒｉce dｅｃrｅase.32．By Julｙ,alｌhopｅof ａprｉｖate ｓectoｒｒｅsｃuｅwaｓ------．Aｄｅstroyed. B aｂsｕｒｄＣdeｓpeｒate. D daｍaged.33．The nａtｉonalizａtin ofＣoｎtiｎentaｌ------.Ａsavｅd itB mａde＂hｏt mｏney"ownersｃontｉnue to ｐｕll thｅiｒfｕnds out ｏf Cｏｎtinenｔal．C almｏst bｒｏught dｏｗn the bａnking systemDｆirｅd many high rａnking offｉcｅrs.3４.Bａｎking paｎｉcｓmａy bｅprevented bｙmeaｎs of--－－--.Aｄeposit ｉnｓuｒance.ＢｇｒowtｈstrategyC loｎｇtｅrｍborrowing．Ｄwarｎing meｍo.Ｑuestions 3５ｔo 38 aｒｅbased oｎｔhe fｏlloｗinｇpassaｇe：Ｉｆsｕstainable compeｔiｔive adｖａntaｇe ｄeｐends ｏn woｒk force skills，Amｅricaｎｆiｒｍｓhave a ｐroblem.Human resouｒce manａｇｅmｅｎｔis notｔradiｔionaｌlｙseeｎasｃｅntｒaｌtｏthe compeｔitiveｓｕrvivalｏf ｔhe firm in the UnitedＳtａtes.Skilｌaｃquisiｔion ｉｓｃonsidered as an inｄiｖｉdual ｒeｓｐｏｎsibiｌity.Lａbｏr ｉs simply anoｔhｅr facｔor of pｒｏducｔion tｏbe hｉred－rentｅｄat the lowest possible cost-much as oｎｅbuys raw ｍaｔeｒials ｏrｅq ｕｉpment．The lacｋof ｉmportanｃe ａttaｃhｅd to ｈumaｎresoｕｒｃe maｎaｇement can ｂe seeｎin ｔｈｅcorporaｔion hieraｒchy.Ｉn an Ａmerｉcan ｆｉrｍｔｈｅｃhief fi ｎａncial offiｃeｒis alｍｏst alwaysｓｅcｏｎd iｎcommａnｄ.Tｈe poｓt of head of hｕmａn rｅｓouｒce ｍanaｇemenｔｓｉs usuaｌly a ｓｐecｉalizｅd ｊｏb,oｆf at ｔhｅｅdge oｆthe coｒｐoratｅｈieｒａｒchｙ．The ｅxecutive who holｄs it is ｎever ｃｏnｓulted on ｍajor sｔrateｇiｃdecisiｏns ａｎd has ｎｏｃhaｎcｅto mｏｖe up to Ｃhief ExeｃutivｅOffｉｃｅr(CEO).Bｙｗay of contｒast,in Jａpan ｔｈｅhead ofｈumaｎｒesｏｕrce ｍａnagemeｎｔis cｅntral-usuallｙthe secoｎｄmｏst imｐｏrtａnｔｅｘecutivｅ,ａfｔer the CＥO,iｎthe firm s ｈiｅrａrchy.Ｗhile Amｅrｉcan firmｓｏｆten talk abouｔtｈｅｖast amoｕｎts spenｔon trai ｎｉnｇｔheir ｗｏrk forcｅｓ,in faｃｔtｈey invest lｅｓs in ｔhe sｋill of their em ｐloｙｅｅs tｈan ｄo tｈｅJａpａneｓe oｒGeｒmａｎfiｒms.Theｍｏney they do invest is also ｍorｅhighly ｃonｃentｒatｅｄon prｏfessionａｌａnd ｍanａgerial ｅｍployeｅs.Ａnd ｔhe limiｔed investments ｔhat aｒe maｄe iｎｔraｉninｇworkｅrs aｒe alsｏｍｕch ｍoreｎaｒroｗｌy fｏcuseｄoｎｔhｅｓｐeｃiｆic skilｌｓneｃｅsｓａry ｔo ｄｏｔhe nｅxt ｊob raｔｈer tｈａｎｏn the basiｃbackｇrｏu ｎd sｋｉlls that makｅitｐｏsｓibｌｅto aｂsｏrb nｅw tecｈnoloｇｉes.Aｓaｒeｓｕlｔ,pｒｏblems emergｅｗhen new breakthroｕgh ｔechｎologｉｅs arrｉｖe.Ｉf Ameriｃan worｋeｒs,fｏr eｘamｐle,ｔake mucｈloｎgeｒto learn ｈow toｏpｅｒaｔｅnew ｆlｅｘible ｍanufacturing stａtｉoｎs thaｎwoｒkers iｎGermany（aｓthey do),tｈe effeｃtｉve cost ｏf thｏse sｔatｉonｓiｓｌower ｉn Ｇe ｒｍａnｙthan it is in the Unｉted Stated.Mｏｒe tｉｍe is rｅquired befoｒｅequipmenｔｉｓｕｐand rｕnning at capacｉtｙ,aｎd thｅｎeed ｆor ｅxtensｉve retrainiｎg geneｒatｅs coｓts ａndｃrｅates boｔtlenｅcks that limit theｓpeed witｈwhich ｎew equipmｅnｔcan be empｌoｙed.Ｔhｅｒesult iｓ a slower pａｃe of techno ｌｏgical ｃｈange．Anｄin tｈe ｅnｄthe sｋilｌs of ｔhe bottｏｍhａlfｏf the ｐopulaｔion afｆect tｈｅwages ｏｆthe top half.If the bｏttｏm half cａnｔeffeｃｔively stafｆthe proceｓｓes thaｔhaｖe to bｅｏperａted,the manａgemｅnt an ｄprｏｆessｉonal jobs ｔhat go with tｈese pｒoｃesｓes wilｌdiｓappear.３5．Ｗｈich of thｅｆollowing aｐｐｌies tｏｔhe manageｍｅnt ｏf humａｎｒｅsoｕrcｅs ｉn Amerｉcaｎcｏｍpaｎieｓ?Ａ.Thｅy ｈire pｅoｐｌｅat the lowest cost regaｒdlｅss of theｉr skｉllｓ.B.They sｅｅthe gaｉninｇof ｓkills as thｅｉr ｅmplｏyeｅs own businｅｓs.Ｃ．Ｔhey atｔacｈmorｅimportanceｔo ｗoｒｋers than tｏeｑuipment．.Ｄ．Thｅy ｏnｌy hiｒe skilled wｏrkｅrｓbeｃause of keen ｃoｍpeｔition.36．What is the position ｏf tｈe head of huｍan resoｕrce managemｅnｔiｎaｎＡmerｉcan fｉrｍ?A．Hｅiｓonｅoｆthe mosｔimｐortaｎｔexecutｉvｅｓin ｔhe fiｒm.．B.His pｏｓt ｉs liｋeｌy ｔo disapｐeａr when new technologiｅs are introｄucｅd. C．He is diｒｅctly uｎdｅr thｅchief ｆiｎaｎcial eｘecuｔive.D.He haｓnｏautｈority ｉn maｋiｎg importaｎt dｅcisions in ｔhe fｉrm．.37.The money most Amerｉcan fｉrms spenｄin ｔｒaininｇmaｉnｌｙgoes ｔo---－.Ａｗorkers who caｎoｐeratｅneｗｅquipｍeｎtB teｃｈnolｏgｉcaｌaｎｄmａｎａgerｉal staｆfCｗorkers whoｌacｋbasiｃbackgrounｄskｉllsD toｐｅxecｕtiｖes.38.Whａt is tｈｅmａｉn ｉdeaｏｆｔhｅpassagｅ?A.Ameｒiｃan fiｒms aｒe ｄiｆferent froｍＪapanesｅａｎｄGｅrmanｆirm ｓin human resoｕrceｍaｎagemenｔ．B.Exteｎsiｖｅretraining ｉｓiｎdispensablｅto eｆfective humaｎresoｕrce ma ｎａｇeｍent.C.Ｔhe heａd oｆhumａnｒesource ｍaｎagement must be iｎthｅｃｅntｒal pｏｓitiｏn in a fｉrm s hierarchy．.Ｄ.The ｈuman resｏurce maｎａｇeｍｅｎｔｓｔｒateｇieｓof Aｍeｒicanｆir ｍｓａｆfect thｅir ｃompetitive capaｃity..．Qｕestiｏns 3９to 4２arｅbaseｄon ｔhe folｌｏwiｎg passaｇe:Inｔerneｔｉs a vast netwoｒｋof comｐuteｒs that ｃonnecｔs many of ｔhｅworld s busｉｎeｓses,institｕtions,aｎd inｄｉvｉdｕals.The iｎtｅｒｎet,whｉch mean ｓｉｎｔercoｎnecｔed netwｏrｋｏf netｗorks,liｎks tｅnｓoｆthousａndｓof smallｅr coｍｐｕｔｅr nｅｔworks.These ｎetｗorｋｓｔransmitｈugeａｍｏｕnts of infｏrmation ｉn the ｆorｍof ｗｏrdｓ,images,ａnｄsounds.The Internet was iｎformatiｏｎon viｒｔually evｅry toｐiｃ．Neｔworｋuseｒs can s ｅaｒcｈthｒough sources rａnging fｒom ｖaｓt databａｓｅs to sｍall ｅlectｒｏｎiｃ"bｕlletiｎｂoards ，＂whｅｒe uｓｅｒsｆorm ｄiscusｓiｏn groｕps ａｒouｎd commo ｎｉnterestｓ.Ｍuch of tｈe Internet s traffic conｓiｓtｓof meｓsａgｅsｓeｎt ｆrom oｎe comｐuｔer useｒto anotheｒ．Thｅse mｅssａgｅs ａre ｃalｌeｄｅlectｒｏnic mａｉl or e mail．Interneｔuｓｅrs have electrｏniｃaddressｅs thatａｌlow tｈem ｔo senｄaｎd recｅｉve e mａｉｌ.Ｏthｅｒｕｓes ｏf ｔｈe nｅｔwork ｉｎclud ｅobtａiniｎg news,ｊoｉnｉng eleｃtronicｄｅｂates,aｎd pｌａｙiｎg electroniｃgames．Oｎe feature ｏf the Interneｔ，kｎｏwｎaｓthe World Ｗide Web，proviｄes gra ｐhicｓ,aｕdio,and ｖideo ｔｏenhanceｔhe infｏrmａtｉon iｎｉtsｄｏcuｍｅｎtｓ.Ｔｈeｓｅdｏcｕｍenｔs coveｒ a vaｓt number of tｏpiｃｓ.Pｅople usｕａｌly ａcｃｅｓs the Iｎtｅrneｔｗitｈ a ｄeｖiｃe called a modem.Moｄeｍs ｃonneｃt computｅrｓto thｅnｅtworｋthroｕgｈｔeｌephoｎe lin ｅs．Much of the Interｎet oｐｅｒａtes through ｗorlｄwidｅteleｐhone netwoｒｋｓof ｆｉber optiｃｃａbles.Ｔheseｃabｌes cｏntain hair thin strａｎｄs oｆglａssｔhａt carrｙdaｔa as pulses ｏｆlｉｇｈt.Thｅy can traｎsmｉt ｔhousaｎds of times more dａta thａn lｏｃａl ｐhｏｎe lｉnes，mｏst of ｗｈicｈconsist of copｐeｒｗires．Tｈｅｈistory ｏf ｔhｅIntｅｒｎeｔbeｇan inｔｈe 196０s.At thaｔtime，t ｈe Aｄｖanced RｅsearcｈProｊectｓＡgenｃｙ（ＡRPA)oｆthe Ｕnited Ｓｔａｔes Dｅpartmｅｎｔof Deｆｅnse deｖelopeｄa networｋoｆcomｐｕｔers caｌl ｅｄARPAｎet.Ｏrｉｇｉnallｙ,ARＰAｎｅｔconｎectｅd onｌｙmiliｔarｙａｎd goｖeｒｎmｅnt coｍpuｔer sysｔemｓ.Ｉtｓpuｒpose ｗａs ｔｏｍaｋｅｔhesｅsystems securｅin tｈe evenｔoｆａdisａsteｒorｗａs.Sooｎaftｅr the crｅation of AＲPAnet,uniｖerｓities andｏtheｒinｓtiｔutｉons deveｌoped tｈｅir own compｕte ｒneｔworks．Tｈｅｓe networks ｅｖｅntuaｌｌy were mergeｄwith ARPAneｔto for ｍthe Ｉnternet．By thｅ１990s,anｙone ｗith a compｕｔeｒ,ｍodem，aｎd Inｔerne ｔsoｆtwａre couｌｄlｉnk up tｏtｈe Internet.Iｎthe ｆuturｅ,the Ｉｎternet will pｒobably gｒow moreｓoｐｈisticａtｅd as comｐutｅr ｔechnoｌogy becomｅｓmoｒe poｗｅrｆul.Ｍａny experｔs beｌiｅｖe tｈｅＩｎteｒnｅｔmayｂecｏme pａrt ｏf ａlargeｒｎｅtwｏrk ｃalled ｔhe inｆormａti ｏn superhiｇhｗay．This networｋ,ｓｔｉｌl ｕｎder devｅlopmenｔ，ｗoulｄlink compｕters wiｔh ｔｅlｅphone compａnieｓ,ｃablｅtelｅｖiｓioｎｓtａtｉons,ａnd other commuｎicａtioｎｓｙsｔｅms.Peoplｅcouｌd bａｎk,ｓhｏp,ｗatchＴV,and pｅrｆorm mａnｙｏtheｒactｉｖiｔieｓthroｕgh the netｗork.39.Tｈis ｐａsｓａｇe iｓabout thｅ－－－---ｏｆｔhe Inteｒnet．A fuｔure．B geneｒal iｎtrodｕctionCｕsｅ.Dｈiｓtoｒｙ.40.Which of the fｏllowｉng statｅｍentｓａbout tｈe Internet is tｒuｅ?A.ARPA wａｓｔhe first net useｄby Aｍeriｃan unｉvｅｒｓitiｅs ａnd ｉnｓt ｉtutions.B．Ｔｈe histoｒy oｆthe Inteｒneｔcaｎbｅtraｃedｂａｃk tｏfifty years aｇｏ.C．The purpｏｓｅofｔhe Interneｔis to protect tｈｅｗoｒｌd iｎthe evｅnt ｏｆｗar.D.AＲPAｎet foｒｍed ｔhe ｆoｕndation ｏf tｈe Internet nｏwaｄayｓ...41.The Ｉｎterｎｅｔeｎａbleｓｐeｏpｌe to ｄo ａll the folｌｏｗinｇthings EＸＣEＰT－--－．A sｅnｄingｅｍail.Ｂobtaining ｎewsＣexｃｈanｇiｎg moｄeｍ.D internet reｌated chat（IRC).42.Accｏrding to ｔｈe ｌast parａｇraｐh,iｎtｈe fｕtｕre－－－---．A.ｉn ｍａy bｅｈarｄtｏｐrｅｄict the developｍｅnt of ｔhe Interneｔ．B.ｔhe Iｎternet will ｂecoｍe aｎindisｐeｎsablｅsuperhighｗａｙ.C.the Inteｒneｔwill be aｐpliｅｄmorｅ.D.thｅInternｅt wilｌcombｉne caｂle sｔatｉons．Questｉｏns 43 to46arｅbaｓｅｄoｎthe followiｎg passage:Sｅx prejudiｃｅs areｂaｓed oｎand ｊｕstifieｄbｙtheｉdeoｌogy that biology i ｓdesｔiｎｙ.Aｃcording to ｔhiｓideｏlｏgy,ｂasic bｉological ａnd psychological dｉfferenceｓexｉst bｅｔweｅn the sexｅs.Ｔhese diffeｒencesｒｅｑuirｅeacｈｓex tｏｐｌay a sepａrａte role in ｓocial ｌｉｆe.Women ａre the weaｋer sexbotｈphｙsiｃalｌy aｎd eｍotｉonally.Thus,they ａre naturalｌｙｓuｉted,mｕｃh mｏｒe ｓｏthanｍen,to the performａｎceｏf ｄomｅstic dｕｔieｓ.A woman s placｅ,undeｒnoｒmal ciｒcumstanceｓ，is withｉn thｅprotｅctiｖｅenｖirｏnｍent ofｔｈe home.Na ｔure haｓdｅｔermineｄthaｔwomeｎplaｙcａretａkｅr rｏleｓ,ｓuch as ｗifｅa ｎd motherａnｄhomｅｍａker．On the otｈｅr hand,mｅn are bｅst suiteｄｔo ｇo ｏuｔsｉnｔosthe competitive worｌd oｆwork anｄｐolｉticｓ，wheｒe seriousｒesponsibilitiｅs mｕst bｅｔaｋｅn on.Men ａｒeｔo be thｅproviderｓ;woｍen aｎd chilｄren aｒｅ"dependents．"Thｅiｄｅｏｌoｇy ａlｓｏhoｌｄs tｈaｔwomen ｗｈｏwｉsh to work ouｔsｉde the houｓeholｄshｏulｄnaｔｕｒaｌly fｉll tｈese jobs ｔhat are in ｌinｅwith ｔｈｅspecｉal capabilｉtieｓof theiｒｓｅｘ.It is thｕs apｐｒoprｉaｔe for ｗｏmen,ｎot ｍeｎ,to bｅemployed aｓnｕrses，social ｗorkｅｒs,elementaｒｙsｃｈｏoｌｔeache ｒｓ,hoｕsehold heｌperｓ,and cｌeｒks and secreｔarieｓ.Ｔｈｅｓe posｉtions are simｐly an exｔｅｎsion of wｏmeｎs domeｓtｉc rｏle．Inforｍalｄisｔiｎctions bｅｔｗeen"women s ｗork"ａnd"ｍｅn s work"ｉｎth ｅlabor fｏｒce,accordｉng tｏｔhｅideoｌoｇy，are simｐly a functional rｅfｌectｉon of tｈe basic differｅnces betweeｎｔhe ｓeｘes.http:／/Ｆinalｌｙ，tｈe iｄeologｙsuggｅｓts ｔｈａt nature hａs woｒｋed her wｉll in another siｇnｉficant way.For the human sｐｅcｉes to survivｅover tｉme,itｓｍem ｂeｒs ｍusｔrｅgulａrｌy reprｏduce．Thuｓ,ｗomen mｕst,ｗｈｅtｈer at ｈomｅoｒin ｔhｅｌａbｏｒｆｏrce,make tｈe mosｔoｆｔhｅir phｙsｉcal aｐpearａnｃｅ.Ｓo goeｓthe ｉｄｅoｌogｙ.Ｉｔis,ｏf ｃoｕrsｅ,ｎot true that basiｃbｉoｌｏｇicａl andｐsycholoｇｉcal ｄｉfｆereｎces betweｅn ｔｈe sexeｓrequire each to play sｅｘdeｆined rolesｉｎsocｉａl life.Thｅre iｓamｐｌe evidenｃe that seｘroleｓvary fｒom sｏｃietｙtｏｓoｃiety，ａnd thｏse rｏle difｆerencｅs tｈａt to exist are laｒgely lｅaｒneｄ.Bｕt to ｔhe deｇreｅｐeople aｃtualｌy bｅliｅvｅtｈat ｂiology isｄeｓtinｙand thaｔｎatuｒeｉntendｅd for ｍen and women to make differeｎtｃoｎtributions to socｉｅty,sｅｘｄefined rolｅｓｗｉｌｌｂe seenａｓtｏtally aｃcepｔａｂｌｅ．43．Women s place,ｓome peｏｐle thiｎk,iｓwitｈｉn the pｒotecｔive ｅnvir ｏｎmeｎt of ｔhｅhomｅbecause------.A.womeｎｃan provｉｄe ｂettｅr caｒe for ｔhｅchiｌdrｅn.Ｂ.womeｎarｅtoｏwｅak ｔｏdo aｎy ａgriｃulturaｌｗoｒｋaｔall.Ｃ.wｏｍｅn ａrｅbiologically ｓuited ｔo domestｉc ｊoｂs.D.woｍen can not coｍｐete with men iｎany field．44.Ａccoｒding ｔo thｅauthor,ｓｅｘｒｏleｓ－-----.Ａａre ｓocｉally detｅｒmiｎedＢ.are emotionaｌｌy and phyｓicａlly dｅtｅrmiｎed.Ｃ.can only be determｉｎed by whａt educaｔiｏn peｏplｅtake.D.ａre biologicaｌｌy ａｎd psycｈｏlｏgｉcally determinｅd.４5.Ｔhe autｈor points out ｔhat the assigｎmentsｏｆwoｍen s rｏles iｎw ｏrk------.A.are detｅrmｉneｄbｙwｈａt tｈｅy are bettｅr suited to.B.grow oｕｔof their poｓｉｔｉonｉｎside thｅhome．C．reflｅct a basｉｃdｉfｆeｒｅnｃe ｂeｔween men and ｗomｅｎ.D.are ｓuitablｅto ｔｈem,buｔnｏt ｔo ｍen．46．Which ofｔｈｅfolloｗingｉs ＮOＴtruｅaccoｒdｉｎｇｔo the ｐａssaｇe?A．The division of ｓex defineｄroles ｉs complｅtｅly unaccｅｐtabｌe.．B.Ｗomeｎs rｏles ｉｎwork are tｏo limitｅd at ｐresent..C．In one societｙ,mｅn ｍight perｆoｒm whaｔis cｏｎsiｄｅred women s dut ｉes by aｎｏｔheｒ.D.Ｓomｅof the ｗomｅnｓrolｅs iｎdoｍesｔic ｄuｔｉes can not be tａｋen over ｂｙmeｎ．Questｉons ４7 to ５0 are based on ｔhe foｌlｏｗｉng passage：Iｎ a sｅｎse，the new prｏtecｔioniｓmｉs ｎot pｒoteｃｔionｉsm ａt alｌ,at ｌeasｔnｏt in thｅｔraｄitionａl sｅnｓe of the ｔeｒm.Ｔｈｅoｌd protｅctionｉs ｍreferreｄｏｎｌy toｔｒａdeｒｅstriｃting and ｔrade exｐanｄing devices,ｓu ｃh as ｔhｅtaｒｉｆf or export ｓubsiｄy.Ｔheｎeｗprotecｔｉｏniｓｍiｓmｕcｈbｒoaｄｅr thａnｔhiｓ;iｔｉncｌudesｉntｅｒvｅntioｎｓsintoｓforeign ｔｒade ｂut is nｏt limｉteｄｔo them.Ｔhe nｅw proteｃtionｉsm,in faｃt,refers tｏhow thｅwhole of governｍeｎt interventiｏnｓintosthe prｉｖａｔe ecoｎomy ａｆｆecｔs internati ｏnａl tｒａde．Thｅｅmphasiｓon trａde is stilｌtｈｅre，ｔhus cａme thｅte ｒｍ"proｔectioｎ."Bｕt whａｔｉｓnew is thｅreａlizatｉon ｔhat viｒｔuaｌｌｙａｌｌgｏvernment activitiｅsｃan ａffect internatｉonaｌeconoｍic ｒｅｌａｔioｎs.Ｔhｅemergenceｏｆthe nｅw proｔｅcｔionｉsm in thｅWestern worｌdｒefl ｅctｓtｈｅvｉｃtory ｏf tｈe ｉnterventioｎｉsｔ，or wｅlfａre ecｏnomy ovｅｒtｈe ｍarkｅt eｃｏnomy.Jａb Tuｍilｅr writes,"The ｏld protｅcｔionism…cｏexisteｄ,witho ｕt any apparent iｎｔｅlｌectual difficuｌｔy with tｈe acｃｅptanｃe of thｅmarket as a n ａtional as well asａn intｅrｎational econｏmｉc dｉsｔriｂutiｏn meｃhaniｓm-ｉｎｄeｅd,proｔｅctiｏnists as weｌl as(if noｔmｏre than)frｅe traders sｔood fｏr ｌaissez fａire(放任政策）.Ｎow，ａs iｎｔｈe 1930s,ｐrotecｔioniｓｍｉs an exp ｒｅssioｎｏf a pｒofoｕnd skepticisｍas to the ａbｉlｉtｙoｆthe ｍarkeｔto disｔriｂｕte rｅsｏurｃeｓand incomes ｔｏsocieties saｔisｆａction.＂Itｉs precｉsｅｌｙｔhis profｏunｄskepticiｓm oｆｔhe mａrket eｃonomｙtｈaｔｉs ｒｅsponsiblｅfor the ｐroｔectｉoｎism.In a market eｃｏnomy，ecoｎoｍｉc chanｇe of varｉouｓcolｏrs implies redistribuｔｉon of rｅsourceｓand inｃoｍｅs．Thｅsame oｐiｎiｏnｉn maｎy ｃommuｎｉtieｓappareｎtly is thａt such reｄistｒiｂutions often aｒe noｔproｐer.There fore,ｔhe goｖernment iｎtｅｒvenes(干涉；干预)ｔｏｂｒing aｂoｕt ａmｏre deｓiｒｅd result.Ｔhe vｉctory oｆthe welfare stａｔe is almost coｍpｌｅte in nortｈern Euｒｏpe.In Ｓweden ,Ｎorway,Finlａnd,Dｅnmａrk,ａnd thｅNethｅrlands,ｇｏvernｍent iｎtervenｔion iｎaｌmｏst alｌaspects of econoｍiｃａndｓｏciaｌｌife is ｃoｎｓiｄeｒed ｎorｍal.In GreａｔＢrｉtaｉｎthis is onｌy soｍｅwhａt lessｔrｕe.Gｏvernment traｄｉtｉonallｙhａs pｌａｙed a ｖｅry actiｖe rｏleｉｎecｏnomic life ｉn Fｒａncｅand coｎtinｕｅd tｏｄo so.Ｏｎly West Ｇermany dares ｔｏgｏaｇａinsｔｔhe tide ｔｏwards eｘcessｉｖe iｎtｅrveｎｔioniｓm in Western Europe.Iｔalsｏhaｐpens tｏbｅｔhe ｍost sｕｃcesｓfｕl Wｅstern Ｅurｏｐean ecoｎomｙ.Ｔhｅwｅlfarｅｓtate has madｅsｉgnｉficanｔｐroｇreｓs in tｈｅUnitedＳtateｓas welｌａs in WｅsteｒｎEｕrｏｐe.Soｃial sｅcｕｒity,uｎemployｍent ｉnsura ｎｃe，miｎｉmum wａｇe laws,and reｎｔｃoｎｔroｌarｅby now traditiｏnal wｅlf ａre stａｔe ｅlements on tｈe Ａmerｉcａn scene.47.This pａsｓａge ｉs ｐｒｉmarily ｃoｎceｒｎed ｗｉth dｉscｕssing-----－.A.thｅｄefinitｉonｏf the ｎew proｔectｉoｎism.B.the ｄifferenｃe betｗeenｎｅw andｏlｄｐｒotｅｃtioniｓm.Ｃ.tｈe eｍerｇence of ｔhe ｎｅw prｏｔｅctionｉｓm in tｈe Wｅsterｎworld.D．tｈe sｉgniｆｉcancｅof the welfare state．48.Which of the following staｔeｍents is NOT a ｃｈaracterisｔｉc of a welｆarｅstatｅmenｔiｏnｅdｉn thｉs paｓsagｅ?AＦree eｄucatiｏn is avaiｌabｌe to ａｃhild．B Laws aｒeｍade to fix ｔhe minimｕm wage．ＣＡjobleｓs ｐｅrsoｎcaｎbe insurｅd.ＤＴherｅare regulations for ｒent.49.Which of the foｌlowing inferences ｉsｔrue,according to tｈis ｐaｓsage?A.The eｃｏnｏｍyｄevelopｅdｆastｅr in welfaｒe ｓtaｔｅｓｔhan in ｎoｎwelfare ｓｔａteｓ.B.In the19３0ｓ，ｐroｔecｔionｉｓm ｂｅganｔo risｅ.C.Tｈe nｅw proｔeｃｔionisｍis so ｃallｅd mainly becaｕse it iｓthe latest.D.Ｇｏvｅｒｎｍｅnｔｐlayｓ a more ａｃtｉveｒole in ｅcｏnoｍic ｌife in NortheｒｎEｕrｏpe thaｎｉｎGreａｔBritaiｎ.．.50．Ｔhe paｓsagｅｓuｐplｉesｉnfoｒmatｉon for answｅring wｈicｈoｆt ｈeｆolｌｏwinｇqｕｅstiｏns?ＡWhｅn did ｔhe nｅｗprｏｔectiｏnｉｓm ａrise?Ｂ.Whyｉs theｎew ｐｒｏｔeｃtionｉsm sｏｐopulaｒin northｅｒn Eｕrｏpean countries?.C．Does the Ameriｃan governｍent plａy a morｅaｃtive role in eｃｏｎomiｃliｆe tｈan tｈe Britiｓh gｏｖernmenｔ?．D.Why doｅs ｔhe govｅｒnｍenｔintervene ｉn ｅｃonｏmiｃlife?．Ｓectiｏn BDirections:.Rｅaｄthe followｉng passaｇｅcarefuｌly ａｎd then give short ａnswer ｓto the fｉve ｑuｅstｉons.Wrｉte youｒanswｅrs on thｅAｎsｗｅr Sheeｔ.．Ｉn a teleｖision ｉｎｔerｖiew,Mr．ＤanｉｅｌBrｕmmaｇｅ,Presiｄent of ｔｈe Internａtｉonal OlymｐicｓCｏmmｉtteｅ，is defeｎdiｎg hｉｓCｏmmittｅｅs ｄecisioｎｔｏhoｌd ｔhｅGaｍes ａgａｉｎiｎfｏur yeaｒs tｉmｅ.Eveｒsiｎce tｈe modern Ｏlympic Gameｓｂegan iｎ18９6,theｙvｅhad thｅir cｒitｉｃs.Eveｒｙform of comｐetitｉve aｃtiviｔy ａttrａｃｔs ｔroublｅ．Bｕt part ｏf the aiｍof ｔhe Gamｅs,wｈｅn theｙwｅrｅｆirst helｄin ancienｔGreece,ｗａｓｔo dｉscourage war ｂetween ｓtates by enｇagｉnｇｔｈem in ａfｒｉenｄli ｅr kiｎd of cｏｍｂａt.My Comｍittee and Ｉintend to seｅthat thｅｙgo on ｄｏing ｔhis．Ｔhｅｓｐiｒｉｔoｆcoｍpetition in tｈe Gaｍｅｓuseｓup aｌoｔｏf eｎｅrgy that cｏulｄbe more harmfｕｌly empｌoyed.Iｎｍy oｐiｎioｎ,it does a lot ofｇood，gｅtting ｐｅoｐle to fｏrｇeｔthｅiｒdiｆfeｒencｅs in a commuｎaｌactｉvity．Anｙcomｐｅtitor oｒspｅｃtator at tｈe Gａmｅｓｏｒｉn ｔｈe Oｌympic Vｉllaｇe ｗｉll tell yｏu thaｔtｈe ａｔmosphere ｏf fｒiendsｈip thｅrｅis unｆorgｅttablｅ:as ｉf ｔｈe world ｗｅre ｏnｅbig ｆamily.And the ｈｏsｔilitiesｔhat ｔhe ｐｒeｓs aｌwaｙs ｌiｋes tｏexaｇgeraｔe,only eｘisｔiｎａfew quａｒtｅrs．Wｈａt we sｕｆfer ｆrｏｍｉs bａd pubｌｉｃity,ｎｏt haｄsporｔsmanship.These Gameｓarｅthe bｉｇgeｓｔinternatiｏnal gａｔhering of ａnｙｋｉnd in the woｒlｄ.Ｎｏｔonｌｙdo they bｒinｇspoｒtsmｅｎtoｇether,ｂut ｔｈey uｎite ａwｏrlｄpｕblｉc．Ｉsn´tｔｈis a suffｉcient reaｓonｆoｒcontinuｉnｇthen?Of ｃｏuｒsｅ，a few ｐeoｐｌe arｅgoinｇto useｔｈeｍas ａn ｏcｃasｉon foｒpropａｇａnda（宣传)，but tｈis iｓｎo reasoｎwｈy ｔｈe Games shoｕld be cancel ｅd.Wｈｙｓhoｕld evｅry hａrｍless activiｔｙｂｅspoilｅd for tｈｅmajority bｙｔhe ｍｉnoｒitｙ?Ｎo!Aｓｌoｎg ａs thｅｍａjoｒity ｗanｔs iｔ,ｔｈese Gaｍeｓｗｉll cｏntiｎue．Ｔhis is spoｒt,siｒ,nｏt pｏlitics,anｄI inteｎｄtｈat ｉt shoulｄremaｉn so.5１．Ｉs thaｔrｉght tｈat all ｔｈe peｏple ｉｎｔｈe worｌｄaｇree tｏhoｌd the Ｏｌympic Gａmes?．52Wheｎdid the moderｎOlｙｍpiｃGaｍes begｉｎ?53.Whaｔis tｈe pｕrposｅｏf the OlyｍｐiｃCoｍmitｔee tｏholｄthe Games?54.Ｗhat does Mr.DａｎｉeｌBｒummage ｃriticｉze in ｈisｓｐeｅch ａnd Why？．５５Wｉｌｌthe Ｇaｍes contｉｎuｅ?Wｈｙ?PARTⅣTｒanslation （１5%)Directｉons:.Ｉnｔｈｉs pａｒt theｒe is ａpaｓsage in Englｉsh．Ｔｒａnslate the ｆive sｅｎtｅnces undeｒlinedsiｎｔosChｉnese and wriｔeｙour tｒanslａtioｎon the An ｓｗer Sheet ..(56)The types of dayｄｒｅａms,ｗhethｅｒthｅy are ｐleａｓaｎｔａnd hopefuｌor filleｄwith ｄespａir takｅshape in ｃhiｌdhooｄwheｎｅveryone deｖｅlｏｐs ｏｎｅoｆtｈree basic daｙｄｒeaming styles:poｓｉtive negativｅanｄｓｃatｔered American Hｅａｌth rｅports.Aｌthoｕｇh everyｏne lapses oｃcａsｉoｎaｌlysintoseach ｏf these types,ｐｏsitive ｄaｙｄｒeamerｓarｅmore likeｌy to iｍaｇｉne happｙ,plａyful oｒenｔｅrtaiｎiｎg of thesｅtｙpes, positivｅｄａｙdreａｍｅｒs ａｒe mｏrｅliｋely to imaｇine haｐpｙ,ｐlayfｕｌｏｒenｔｅrtainiｎg sｃｅnarｉos.(57)Nｅgaｔivｅｄａydreamerｓｔend ｔo dwelｌｏn lｉｆe s daｒkｅr sｉde.ｉmaｇininｇdangｅrous and/ｏr lifｅtｈreaｔenｉｎg siｔuatiｏns，such aｓｔhe apｐeaｒance of afaｔａl ｏr weakｅnｉng diｓｅase oｒbecominｇａvicｔim ｏf violence．Sｃａｔｔered ｄay dｒeamers arｅｅａsｉly bｏred and distraｃｔed．"Their ｍental imagｅs tend to be ｆleｅtinｇ,rｅpetitｉvｅand shａllow，liｋｅｖariａｔｉonｓon the same fairy tales,＂explains Ｙaｌe psychｏlogiｓt RonｉＴower.(5８)Whｉle all ｔhreｅｔｙpes ａrｅcomｍon,pｏsｉtive iｍaginaｔionｓａre lｉkeliest to sｅrｖｅas sprｉngboaｒds(跳板)ｆｏr prｏbｌｅm ｓoｌving,while neｇatiｖe aｎｄｓcatｔeｒｅdｄａyｄreams maｙｌeａｖｅ a perｓｏｎfeeling ａnｘious．Ｎｅgaｔｉvｅdayｄｒeamｅｒs ａrｅｗaiｔing fｏｒtｈe otheｒshoe＂to ｆall．"Their imａgｉnaｔｉons are ｏfｔｅn guiltｒiddeｎｏr obsessiｖｅ．Therｅare tiｍes ｗhen ｄriｆtinｇaway can cａuse problems,accoｒｄing to Blodiｎ."Ｉf daｙdreａｍiｎg gets iｎtｈe way of ｄaily ｆunｃtｉon bｅcause tｈeｐeｒso ｎis ｄoing it all dａy,thｅｐｅrson woｎｔｂｅverｙprodｕｃtiｖe,＂ｓhe say ｓ.＂The amounｔof ｔime and tｈe frｅquencｙthat ａpｅｒｓｏn daydreａｍｓｉs whａt s importａnt.It shｏuld not takｅup ａｌlｏf ｙｏur ｔiｍｅ．（59)If pｅｏpleｆind tｈeiｒｄａｙdrｅaｍiｎg is ｂecｏmiｎgｅxcｅssiｖe（过多的),they shｏu ｌd take a ｒealｉsｔiｃloｏk ａｔｗｈat s goinｇon iｎｔhｅir lｉfｅanｄａｓk thｅmselvesｗhａt thｅy are tｒyiｎg to avoid.Ｔheｎthey caｎassess what stｅps thｅｙneed to take ｔo corｒeｃt ｔhe sｉtｕａtion."(Ａnyoｎｅwhｏhａｓa harｄtime ｄiscrimｉnａtｉnｇbetween reａlity and imａgｉnaｔion ｏr staｒts repｌａｃinｇrealｌｉfe ｆamｉly and frｉends with imagined ｐeople sｈoｕｌｄｓeek pｒofeｓsional hｅｌp．）http:／/(60)PrｏｆｅｓsorＳinger sｕms ｕp tｈｅａdvantages of daydｒｅams tｏｔhe ave ｒagｅperson:"byｓｉtting quｉetlyａｎｄlettinｇｙoｕr daydrｅams eｍｅrge ｉnsteａd of squｅｌｃhing（抑制)them，you may fiｎd tｈere are parts ｏf yｏurｓeｌf you haｖｅn t beeｎliｓtenｉng to.Ｉnsteaｄof feaｒing them，ｙouｌl gaｉｎａccess tｏtrｅmendous rangeｏfｉｎteresｔing,creａtｉve idｅas．＂PＡＲTⅤWｒiting （15%)Directiｏns:.Write a ｃompoｓition accｏrｄinｇto thｅiｎｆoｒmation given ｉn t ｈe follｏｗinｇoutliｎe in Chｉnesｅ.Ｙour cｏmｐｏｓition should be ａbout120 woｒdｓ.Ｒemｅmber tｏwｒitｅcｌearlｙ.You shｏｕlｄｗｒｉte tｈｉs compositiｏn ｏn thｅAnswer Sheet..网络经济的新启示(new revelations)1网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。