初高中衔接教学时态语态
初升高英语衔接语法汇总之动词的时态语态
• （7）过去完成时的用法
• 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作 之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成 时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连 用。
• We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.
• 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中， 即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般 现在时。
• 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
• 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
• I don't want so much.
• 5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般
• I told him that I would see him off at the station.
• （二）动词语态
• 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动 语态表示主语是动作的发出者；被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者。如：The story was written by Tom last year.
•
The students are preparing for the
examination.
• 3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发 生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
•
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
动词的时态和语态讲义-新高一上学期初升高英语衔接
初高中英语语法衔接材料第九讲：动词的时态和语态一、一般时态1. 一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成一般现在时由动词原形或动词第三人称单数构成。
动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。
动词have的第三(2)一般现在时的用法①表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。
常与副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, frequently, constantly, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
The Spring Festival plays a major role in the lives of Chinese people，so various activities are necessary for adding a flavour to the festival.春节在中国人的生活中起着重要的作用，因此为增添节日气氛而进行的各种活动也必不可少。
Mary often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.玛丽经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚饭后和妻子一块散步。
②按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作或事件。
常用于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, take off等动词(词组)。
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.看看时间表。
快点儿吧！4026航班将在18：20起飞。
③表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳总是从东边升起，从西边落下。
今天我们讲时态与语态 课件 2022-2023学年初高中衔接课程
时态与语态
关于被动语态的一些说明： 2、强调事情的学问性或科学性时，常用被 动语态；
Example: The Ra is found in 1902. The communism is proposed in the Communist Manifesto. The Oxygen can be composed with other elements.
时态与语态
关于被动语态的一些说明： 3、只有及物动词才有被动语态；
Example: He disappeared. (T) He was disappeared. (F) The flower will fade one day. (T) The flower will be faded one day.(F)
时态与语态
一般将来时： 单纯表示事情发生在将来 的一种时态
时态与语态
一般将来时
常用表达
意义
注意事项
will （客观）将 表示客观的事实，有客观性；表示临时的决定；
要
表示一种意愿，此时作情态动词；
be going （主观）将 表示迹象的将来；表示个人计划的打算，有主观
to
要
性
be to 按计划将要
Example: It’s the third time that I have met her. It’s the second time that we talked about the grammar point.
关于时态我们就到此为止了
时态与语态
语态：句子中体现出主动 或被动的逻辑关系的状态
时态与语态
重点会讲的三种时态： 一般过去时，一般将来时， 现在完成时
时态与语态
初高中衔接 动词的时态与语态
第三课动词的时态与语态动词时态处理时态问题首先要把握各种动词时态所表达的时间概念，注意捕捉决定时态的信息。
如：表示时间的副词、短语和从句。
有时还要通过上下文的时间关系以及题目设置的语境去挖掘隐藏信息。
（一）一般现在时1．通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。
常与often, usually, always,sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
The old man goes to park every morning. 这位老人每天早上都去公园。
2．表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。
The earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
3．表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。
The train starts at seven in the morning. 火车早上七点出发。
4．在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I’ll go with you, if you are free tomorrow. 如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。
（二）一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情况。
常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用。
I met him yesterday. 昨天我遇见了他。
They began to work two months ago. 两个月前他们开始工作。
2．一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。
但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。
He wrote a novel. 他写了一部小说。
I didn’t expect you were waiting for us. 我没预料到你正在等我们。
初高中英语知识衔接时态语态讲义
初高中英语知识衔接时态语态讲义初高中英语语法衔接之时态与语态一、动词时态从时间上来看，英语时态可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。
动词共有十六种不同时态。
但常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时I. 一般现在时：1）经常性、习惯性的动作I go to work by bus.2）现在的特征或状态I am a teacher and I teach English.I love sports.3）普遍真理Light travels faster than sound.Water boils at 100℃.2、谓语构成1) 肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数Tom’s parents _____ to work by bike every day.Li Tao _______ English every morning.2) 否定句：谓语用don’t/doesn't 加动词原形构成I ________ (not get) up at six every morning.She ____________ (not watch) TV in the evening3) 一般问句：用Do 或Does 加陈述句（谓语动词用原形）---______ he _______ (work) in a plastic factory?---No, he doesn’t.4) 特殊问句：疑问词（when/where/why/what/who/how）加一般问句II. 一般过去时:1、一般过去时用法：句中常有表示过去的时间状语如yesterday, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now等1）表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态He bought a new bike last week.They were in the office just now.2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作When I was a small child, I often went to that park and played football.2、谓语构成1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式Yesterday, I _____ to a shop and _______ a pen.2）否定句：助动词didn’t 加动词原形She ________(take) any money with her that day.3）一般问句：助动词Did 加陈述句（动词用原形）---____ you _____ to the cinema last night?---No, I didn’t.4）特殊问句：疑问词+ 一般问句---_______ ____ you find your key?---I _______ it under my desk.特殊句式1.It’s time we ________ (have) a rest.2.I would rather he _______ (come) with you.would rather 后从句谓语一般用过去式III. 一般将来时:1、一般将来时用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态I will go to Tibet some day by plane.He will be busy tonight.2、谓语构成肯定句（1）will 加动词原形（第一人称也可用shall ）She __________ back in twenty minutes.（2）be going to 加动词原形a.打算，计划做某事I_____________________ a dictionary tomorrow.b. 即将、眼看要发生Look at the dark clouds. It________________ .3）be to 加动词原形：安排好的事We _____________ at the entrance of the park.4）按时刻表进行的, 可用现在时表示将来The plane _________ at a quarter past nine.5）用进行时表示将来They _____________ (leave) tomorrow.能够用于这种表示方法的动词常有：come, leave, go, move, start, arrive, stay6）主句是将来时，条件从句用现在时We ______ (go) to the park if it __________ (not, rain) tomorrow.We _______ (give) it to him when he __________ (arrive).One ____________ (not, learn) English well unless he ___________ (study) hard. If she will make friends with me, I will be happy.否定句：will / shall 加not——won’t / shan’tHe ________ come to the party tomorrow.一般问句：将will 提到句首（第一人称用shall________ you go to the Summer Palace with us?________ we have a break?疑问词+ 一般问句________________ shall we meet next time?_______ is he going to do tomorrow afternoon?________ will he turn to for help?________ shall we do if there is no bus?IV. 现在进行时：1、现在进行时用法：1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作I am teaching and you are listening to me.2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作He is writing a book this week.3）与always 连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪The girl is always smiling happily.You are always making the same mistake.2、谓语构成：be动词(am, is, are) + 现在分词Tom’s mother ___________ (watch) TV and his father _____________ (read) newspaper.2）否定句在be 动词后加not一般问句只需把be 动词提到句首They _____________ (not, play) football.They _____________ (play) basketball.___ she _______ (do) her homework now?---No, she isn’t. she ___________ (write) a letter.___ she _______ (do) her homework now?---No, she isn’t. she ___________ (write) a letter.V. 过去进行时：1.、过去进行时用法表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作He was watching TV when I came in.2、谓语构成be 动词(was, were) + 现在分词a. She ___________ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.b. We ____________ football when it began to rainVI. 现在完成时：1、现在完成时用法：1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果）I have finished my work.He has found his lost key.2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态They have worked in that factory for ten years.2、谓语构成：1）肯定句助动词(have, has) + 过去分词We __________ one hundred apple trees this year.Miss Li _________ an English-Chinese dictionary.2）否定句：在助动词(have, has)后加not——haven’t, hasn’tI ______________ (not, finish) reading the novel.The meeting will begin in five minutes but she _____________ (not, come) yet. 3）一般问句：把助动词(have, has)提到句首---______ you ______ (hand) in your homework?---No, I haven’t.____ he _____ (tell) you the exciting news?---Yes, he has.3、have been 与have gone 的区别He has been to Washington twice. 去过He has gone to Washington. 去了（现在不在这里）VII. 过去完成时:1、过去完成时用法：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作When I arrived, the film __________ (begin).They ___________ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China.He ___________ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.She told us her parents ___________ (work) in the hospital for twenty years.2、过去完成时构成：had + 过去分词When I got home, they ______ (get) supper ready.He said he _________ to Japan twice.VIII. 过去将来时:1、过去将来时用法：表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作He said he would visit the Palace Museum the next week.2、过去将来时构成：would + 动原或was(were) going to + 动原He told me he _________ (take) me to the US the next month.They said they ______________ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory.We told her we _________________ (send) her to Beijing.IX. 现在完成进行时:1、用法从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。
初高中英语衔接课程(五)时态与语态下课件
see/watch/notice sb. do sth. “三看” sb. be seen/watched/noticed to do sth
.
以上句型改成被动语态时，宾补必须带上to（主动不带to，被动 带上to）
was/were being done They were being questioned when I came in.
shall/will/be going to be done
would be done
A meeting will be held tomorrow. They said the problem would be solved soon.
10.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open， close，stop，end, shut, run, move等用主动式表被动义。 Work began at 7 o’clock. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.
第三讲：主谓一致
• e.g. Cats eat fish. •
(结构：主+谓+宾) 主动语态
• Fish is eaten by cats. (结构：主+谓+宾) 被动语态
一、构成：be done（及物动词的过去分词形式）+by ....（可省）
• 口诀：宾语提前变主语，
•
原主变宾by后见（+人称代词宾格），
•
记住时态不要变（时态看主动语态），
一、概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻 正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 二、结构：主+be(was、were）+doing 三、用法： 1.表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动 作
时态和语态课件初高中英语衔接课程
时态
时间
现过将 在去来 时时时
状态
一进完 般行成 体体体
1. 一般现在时
意义：经常发生，普遍存在的行为、动作或状态
构成：be（is/am/are）
实义动词（动词原形、-s/es）
时间状语：“every+n. often always sometimes” e.g. We plant 300 trees every year.
1. We ____h_a_d_l_e_a_r_n_t___ (learn) 2,000 words by the end of last year. 2. He usually __g_e_ts__ (get) up at 6 in the morning. Look! He __is__g_e_tt_i_n_g__ (get) up now. But yesterday he ___g_o_t _ (get) up very late, so he __w_e_n_t_ (go) to school late. He __w_a_s_ (be) late for school. 3. I __g_o_t__ (get) up early, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurried to school. 4. Mr. Smith __c_a_m__e_ (come) to see you just now.
被动：will be done be going to be done
Many exams will be taken by us in the next 3 years.
6. 过去将来时
意义：以过去某一时间为起点，将要发生的行为、 动作或状态
基本的三个时态和语态+学案 初升高衔接英语
初高衔接：基本时态和语态Ⅰ一般现在时的构成与用法1.构成：翻译下列句子并归纳：当谓语是be动词时, 即为____________；当谓语是行为动词时, 主动_______________；被动_____________。
1)I am a student.2)We often watch TV at the weekends.3)We don't watch TV at the weekends.4)Jim usually goes to the park on Sundays.5)Jim doesn't go to the park on Sundays.2.意义：1)表_________________的动作和现在的状态、特征。
句中常用often, usually, every day, always, sometimes等时间状语连用。
He _______ (go) to school every day2)表按时间表、节目单、计划、规定要发生的动作，（句中都有时间状语）但限于少数动词。
如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等表示____________的动词。
常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
（主语往往是_________）(1)The train _______ (start) at nine in the morning.(2)The plane to Beijing ________ (leave) at 9:30.3)表示___________________The moon ______ (move) around the earth.4)在状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，即_______原则。
If you _______ (come) tonight, we’ll have a meeting.3.练习：A. 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。
初高中衔接时态语态
英语八种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。
例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .Where does your father work ?(二) 构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。
(三）一般现在时练习题用动词的适当形式填空1.I like ____________ (swim).2.He _________(read) English every day.3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.6.I can ________(draw)many beautiful pictures.7.She_________(make) a model plane.8.Do you ________(like)_________(run)?9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?二、一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。
凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。
初高中衔接(时态与语态)(上课)
past
now
future
1. He will be back in a few days. 2. Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow? 3. We are going to have a class meeting next Monday. 4. I will/ shall return you the book as soon as possible. 5. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.
1. We are having our English class now. 2. I’m looking for a pair of black shoes. 3. They are working in a factory these days. 4. I’m writing a book about English grammar. 5. They are visiting Beijing this week. 6. The weather is getting colder and colder.
past now future
1. The earth moves around the sun. 2. Water boils at 100℃. 3. We always care for each other and help each other. 4. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. 5. Columbus proved that the earth is round.
past future
now
1. At that time, he was working in a university. 2. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 3. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk. 4. He was reading a novel in the library this morning.
初高中衔接教学英语时态语态
一般现在时
1.表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作)或存在的状态.常 always ,usually, often ,sometimes, everyday 等词连用. We study English every day . Beijing is the capital of China . My mother always gets up early. He sometimes goes to see a film with his parents.
on roads _____rising these days . (06全 国卷)
A. was keeping B. keep
C. keeps
D. were keeping
(3)This machine _____. It hasn't worked for years .(06浙江) A.didn't work B. wasn't working
(2) It is said that the early European playing-cards _______ for entertainment and education. (06辽宁)
A．were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed
Nowadays , a large number of women ,
especially those from the countryside ,
_______ in the clothing industry . (05辽宁)
A. is working
初高中语法衔接-时态语态
初高中语法衔接——动词时态及语态语法学习表时态意义标志词语构成公式被动语态一般现在时经常性、习惯性的动作，存在的状态，或客观真理often, always,usually, sometimes,once a week, everyday主语+V原形（主语是第三人称单数时，V加s或es）主语+is/am/are+V过分现在进行时现在正在发生的动作now，Look!, Listen!，at this moment 主语+am/is/are+V-ing主语+am/is/are+being+V过分现在完成时过去的动作对现在有影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在already , yet ,since,so far主语+have/has +V过分主语+have/has+been+V过分一般过去时过去发生的动作yesterday ，lastweek, …ago, in1998, just now 主语+V过去式主语+was/were+V过分过去进行时过去时间内正发生的动作或存在的状态at this timeyesterday, just then,at 6:00 last Sunday,when+一般过去时主语+was/were+V-ing主语+was/were+being+V过分过去完成时过去已完成的动作by the end of +过去的时间，by the time 主语+had+V过分主语+had+been+V+一般过去时过分一般将来时将要发生的动作或将来的状态tomorrow, nextweek, in the future,in two days, in 2100主语+am/is/aregoing to +V原形，或主语+will+V原形主语+will be+V过分过去将来时过去时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句主语+was/were+goingto+V原形，或主语+would +V原形主语+would+be+V过分现在完成进行时过去的动作一直延续到现在“since+时间点/从句/时间点ago”或“for+时间段”主语+have/has+been+V-ing含情态动词can/may/must等+V原形can/may/must等+be +V过分考点精讲考点1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法？（1）表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
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5．用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的 虚拟，如： Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _______ yesterday. (06全国) A．was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
一般将来时态
一般过去时
1．表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与yesterday, in 1990, two days ago , three years ago, last week/year/night, the day before yesterday , the other day , just now , then , at that time 等表示过去 的时间状语连用, 一般过去时也经常用在 没有明确说明过去的时间状语的句子中 ，如：
1). My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America. (06江西) A．worked B. would work C.would be working D. has been working
-What would you do if it __tomorrow ? -We have to carry it on , since we have got everything ready .(05全国) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
2．表示过去发生的一连串动作，如： At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _______ down to eat our picnic lunch. (05 上海) A．sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
(2)As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______and see him. (05北京) A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
1）Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions. (04全国) A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached (2 )_____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If have one more hour
You will be a senior students this term. 2. 口语中常用be going to + do 表示已经决定或安排要 做的事情; 表示有迹象表明必然或可能发生的事情.
It’s going to rain. I’m going to meet her at 7:00.
(4) Scientists think that the continents ___always where they ___today .(05北京) A. aren't ; are B. aren't ;were C. weren't ;are D. weren't ;were
(4) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea , which _____the Pacific , and we met no storm . A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
3. 表示根据计划或时间表将要进行的动作. The No.5 train leaves at 10: 30 Our holiday begins in July. 4. 在有时间状语或条件状语从句的主从符复合句 中,如果主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时态. I will let you know as soon as he gets here. If you aren’t here on time tomorrow, I will write to your parents.
(2)As you can see , the number of cars on roads _____rising these days . (06全 国卷) A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
(3)This machine _____. It hasn't worked for years .(06浙江) A.didn't work B. wasn't working C. doesn't work D. isn't working
Look at the timetable . Hurry up ! Flight 4026_____off at 18:20. (06四川) A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
I have to go to work by taxi because my car _____ at the garage.(06重庆) A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
Nowadays , a large number of women , especially those from the countryside , _______ in the clothing industry . (05辽宁) A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
二.
一般现在时句子结构
主语 + is\ am\ are + 表语 主语+ do \ does + (宾语)
(1)The father as well as his three children ______skating on the frozen river every Sunday after in winter .(06辽 宁) A. is going B. go C. goes D. are
(1)——Did you tell Julia about the result? ——Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ her now. (05全国卷Ⅲ) A. Will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call
3.一般将来时的表达方式及区别：
1）用“am /is /are + going to +动词原形”表示将要发 生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，或有客观迹象表 明将会发生的预示。 2）用“will /shall 助动词+动词原形”表示单纯的将来， 不用于条件句，表示必然的将来，也可表意愿与决心。
4．用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作 ，常用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语 从句中，如： In a room above the store, where a party _______ ,some workers were busily setting the table. (06湖南) A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held
动词的时态
一般现在时
1.表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作)或存在的状态.常 always ,usually, often ,sometimes, everyday 等词连用. We study English every day .
Beijing is the capital of China .
My mother always gets up early.
He sometimes goes to see a film with his parents.
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间 限制)
The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Light travels faster than sound. The moon travels round the earth .
3） am /is /are to + 动词原形表示按计划，预定要做某事， 常表示命令与禁止，意为“应该”。 4）am /is /are about to +动词原形或 am /is /are on the point of doing sth.表示“即将或正要做某事”，不与时 间状语连用，但可和 when从句连用。
1. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与 表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next time… I shall go to see a friend tomorrow. It will be fine this afternoon.
3．表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发 生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes, regularly等时间状语连用， “used to+动词原形”或“would+动词 原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生 的动作，如： 1).He used to walk along the road after supper. 他以前晚饭后总是沿着马路散。 2).He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. 他有时 一坐就是几个小时, 什么也不做。