EOQ在实际应用中的问题

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经济订货批量(EOQ),即Economic Order Quantity,它是固定订货批量模型的一种,可以用来确定企业一次订货(外购或自制)的数量。当企业按照经济订货批量来订货时,可实现订货成本和储存成本之和最小化。

The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a kind of fixed Order Quantity model whic h c an be used to determine the order quantity of enterprise (purchased or homemade).

EOQ模型是在以下几个假设条件的基础上建立起来的:

1 市场对产品的需求已知并具有延续性,且在一定时间内不会发生变化。

2 假定成本已知,并且不会变化。

3 假定不会出现缺货的情形。

4 假定只对一种产品进行分析。

5 采购价格和订货成本不会随着订货数量的大小而变化。

6 不存在需求,定货周期和供应的不确定性。

7 产品以批量生产或采购,批量的大小无限制。

EOQ model is based on the following several assumptions:

1 the product demand of the market is known and it won’t change in a short time

2 the cost is known and will not change

3 never have a lack of stock

4 analyze only one kind of products

5 purchase price and ordering cost don’t change with the size of the order quantity.

6 the demand, ordering cycle and supply are all certain.

7 all the products are mass production or purchase

由于EOQ模型只是用于上述情况,因此在实际应用中会存在很多问题。

EOQ model is just used in the above situation, so in actual applications will has

a lot of problems.

1.非整数订单批量

与经济型订单批量有关的一个具体问题是非整数订单批量的问题。比如,如果EOQ建议值是订购5.5台电脑,这是无法实施的,那么应该订6台还是7台呢?

1.one of the specific problems is integer economic order quantity. For example, if EOQ

suggested value is ordering 5.5 computers, this cannot be implemented, than the company should order 6 computers or 7?

2.需求和成本的不确定性

EOQ 模型中我们假设成本和需求都是已知的条件,在现实中是不可能的,在无法明确成本的前提下企业又该怎么做?

2.in EOQ model we assume that the cost and demand are known, but it is impossible in reality,

what should the company do?

3.有数量折扣的经济批量

为鼓励大量购买供应商往往在订购数量超过一定量时提供优惠价格。在这种情况下,买方就应该进行计算和比较,以确定是否需要增加订货量去获得折扣,判断方法是:

如果接受折扣所产生的年度总费用小于经济订货批量所产生的年度总费用,则接受折扣;反之,应按不考虑数量折扣计算的经济订购批量购买。

3.To encourage large purchases suppliers often provides preferential price when the order

quantity is over a certain amount. In this case, the buyer should do some calculation in order to determine whether need to increase the quantity to get a discount.

4.它是一项鲁莽的投资政策——不顾有多少可供使用的资本,就确定投资的数额。

5.它强行使用无效率的多阶段订货办法,根据这种办法所有的部件都足以不同的周期提供的。

6.它回避准备阶段的费用,更谈不上分析及减低这项费用。

7.它与一些成功的企业经过实践验证的工业经营思想格格不入。他们认为.最低费用的订货批量并不一定意味着就获利最多。

4. it is a reckless investment policy -- regardless of how many available capital

5. it forcibly use inefficient multi-stage order way

6. it avoids the expenses of preparation stage, not to mention reduce this kind of expenses

7. it has no same part with the ideas in some successful enterprise. They think that the minimum cost economic order quantity doesn't necessarily mean will profit most.

在实际应用中,其它制约条件也可能使EOQ模型无法发挥它应用的好处。这些制约条件有:缺乏可用于库存投资的资金,可用来存贮库存的空间有限,有技术的生产调整人员太少,可用于生产调整的机器能力有限。

In practical applications, other restrictive conditions may also make EOQ model cannot play its advantages. These restrictive conditions are: lack of funds can be used for investment in inventory, lack of store space, lack of technical employees, the performance of machine is lower.

总之,在运用EOQ模型的时候应灵活根据现实的状况,具体情况具体分析,而不宜一味的套用其初始的公式,只有这样才能发挥EOQ模型的作用。

Anyhow, EOQ model should be used flexible based on real situation, it is the only way to play the role of EOQ model.

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