数词和主谓一致
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这一结构做主语时。例如:
The Chinese are a brave and hardworking people.
(2)主语是形复意复的词 ①某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如: Things are getting worse and worse. The surroundings are usually quiet here. ②“one or two+复数名词”做主语时。例如: There are one or two tickets left.
复数均可以;若指代不可数名词,谓语用单数。
(6)“half of,part of,most of,eighty percent of, one third of,the rest of+名词/代词”做主语时, 谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。例如: Most of the people agree with us. Most of the money is spent on clothes. (7)单复数同形的名词做主语时,谓语动词要根据主语 的意义而定。例如: All means have been tried.
Neither answer proves to be correct.
④every/some/any/no+body/one/thing 构成的复 合不定代词做主语时。例如: Nobody is absent.
⑤主语是a kind/sort/type of+单数或复数名词时,因为kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词,也是信息的焦点,所以,谓语应与其一致。例:
(3)family,class,group,team,crowd,crew, enemy,committee,population 等集合名词做 主语时,若强调整个集体,谓语用单数。例如: The population of China is large.中国人口众多。 若强调集体中的各个成员,谓语用复数。例如: Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers. 中国将近百分之八十的人口是农民。
Every means has been tried.
(8)在四则运算中,加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均 可,减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。例如: Three plus three makes/make six.
Thirtyfive divided by five is seven.
(四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致 (1)either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also, not...but,or 等连接两个并列的主语时,谓语须与 靠近的那一个主语一致。例如: Either you or I am wrong. Are neither you nor he for the plan? (2)在 here is,there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中, 谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。例如:
(4)what,which,who,some,any,more, most,all 等词做主语时,谓语动词的数根据实际 意义确定。例如: All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是 单数) All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时, 是复数) (5)none 做主语时,若指代可数名词,谓语用单数和
若侧重于一个个的个体,则用复数。例如:
Five years have passed since I joined the League.
(2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时,谓语一般用复数。例如: Reading and writing are both very important. Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person.
(2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。例如:
That she will come here tomorrow is certain.
特别提醒:①what 从句做主语时,谓语动词的形式主要取 决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较: What they want is nothing but a rest. What he wants are two books.
percent 不能用复数形式。
特别提醒:①1/2一般用 a/one half 表示。 ②1/4一般用 a/one quarter 表示。
4.表达倍数关系的句式 (1)主语A+谓语+倍数程度+as+形容词或副词原级 +as+比较对象B。 (2)主语A+谓语+倍数程度+the+度量名词+of+ 比较对象B。 (3)主语A+谓语+倍数程度+what从句。
Each of the boys has a pencil box. Here every student is good at drawing.
特别提醒:单数的并列主语被 every,each,no,many a 修饰时,谓语也用单数。例如: Every desk and chair is new. Each teacher and each student has been told to attend
He does well in maths.
2.意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义,而不是形式,决定
谓语的数。例如:
The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing. 那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。 3.就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如:
This kind of wheat isn't grown in our country.
(4)主语是形复意单的词 ①以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。例如:
The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1945.
②以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。例如: Physics is taught in all middle schools. ③“One and a half+复数名词”做主语时。例如: One and a half days is all I can spare.
②当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时,谓语动词应用
单数。例如: What he said has left us much to think about.
(3)主语是形单意单的词 ①主语若是单数名词,后面尽管跟有 as well as,with, together with,besides,except,but,including, rather than 等引导的短语,谓语仍用单数。例如:
2.谓语用复数时的情况 (1)主语是形单意复的词 ①people,police 等集合名词做主语时。例如: The police have caught the thieves. ②“the/these/those+形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人, 这一结构做主语时。例如:
Those wounded were taken good care of. “the+形容词”还可表示抽象事物,这时应视做单数。例如: The beautiful gives pleasure to people. ③“the+表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民,
式是单数,意义是复数)
(二)主谓一致细说 1.谓语用单数时的情况 (1)不可数名词做主语时。例如:
There is a lot of water in the jar.
特别提醒:不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词,则谓语动 词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如: One million tons of oil were produced last year.
3.分数、小数、百分数的读法和写法 (1)分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分 子大于一时,分母用复数;但要注意整数和分数之 间必须用 and 连接。25,6 表示为 two and five sixths。 (2)在读小数时,小数点后面的数字要单独读出。小数 点读成 point。 (3)百分数用“基数词+percent”表示,要注意
of 短语时,要用复数形式。
2.序数词的结构特点: (1)序数词第1~19除了 first,second 和 third 外, 其余的大部分都是由基数词后加“th”构成。 (2)十位数序数词如果含有1~9的个位数时,十位数用 基数词,个位数用序数词,并且中间用连字符连接。 (3)百、千、万等的序数词由 hundred,thousand, million 等后加th 构成。 (4)序数词前一般要加 the 表示顺序。
若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时,谓语用单
数,但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。例如: The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师) is very strict with us. Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food. Hard work and plain living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another.
③glasses,compasses,trousers 等由两部分连成一体 的名词做主语时。例如: My trousers are worn out. 若前面有 pair 等物量词,则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。 例如: There is a pair of compasses on the desk.
The teacher as well as his students is playing football.
In some parts of the world,tea is served with milk or sugar.
②主语是 each 或单数主语被 each,every 修饰时。例如:
数词和主谓一致
一、数词 1.基数词的结构特点: (1)在表达上十位和个位之间要加连字符“-”。 (2)在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。
(3)千位以上的数从后向前数,每三位加一个逗号。
(4)hundred,thousand,million 等前面有具体数字或 some,several 等修饰时,后面不加“s”;但当其后跟
特别提醒:①三个原则虽然不同,但在具体运用中,它们往 往是协调的,并不矛盾。例如: More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形 式和意义都是复数) ②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时,一般坚 持语法一致的原则。例如:
More than one student has passed the driving test.(形
the meeting after school.
特别提醒:each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主 语决定。例如: They each have finished their exercises. ③主语是 either,neither,the other 或主语被 either,neither 修饰时。例如: Either of the answers is correct.
There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.
3.谓语用单数或复数均有可能 (1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时, 谓语用单数。例如: Ten dollars is what he needs.
Twenty kilometres isn't a short distance.
(4)主语A+谓语+倍数程度+形容词或副词的比较级
+than+比较对象B。 (5)主语A+谓语+形容词或副词的比较级+than+比 较对象B+by+倍数。
特别提醒:表达倍数时,一倍用 once,两倍用 twicቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ/double,三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词+times”表 示。
二、主谓一致 (一)主谓一致三原则 1.语法一致的原则。即主语是单数,谓语为单数;主语若 为复数,谓语亦为复数。例如: