现代大学英语精读第二版Unit 6
大学英语精读第二册6单元课文原文
第一单元The Dinner PartyMona Gardner I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true —though any naturalist would know it couldn,t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven,t.“A woman,s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.”The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. Theboy,s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing - bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters - the likeliest place - but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left - under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.“I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that,s five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!”The 20 people sit l ike stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…" when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.“You were right, Major!” the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.”“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?”A faint smile lights up the woman,s face as she r eplies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.”第二单元Lessons from JeffersonBruce Bliven 1Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.2Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:3Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.4You can learn from everyone . By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble personsever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people,s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”5Judge for yourself Jefferson refused to accept other people,s opinions withou t careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.”6Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” 7 Do what you believe is right . In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”8Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present shouldnever be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”9Jefferson,s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.10Of all Jefferson,s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”11When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas andexamples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.第三单元My First JobRobert BestWhile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim. However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. ‘Ah yes,, he grunted. ‘You,d better come inside., The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. ‘You,d better sit down,, he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry - two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly, ‘What would my salary be?’ ‘Twelve pounds a week plus lunch., Before I could protest, he go t to his feet. ‘Now’, he said, ‘you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school., This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.第四单元The Professor and the Yo-YoThomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P.Blank My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein,s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.” He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn,t make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the natureof the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world,s most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth,s.To do his work he needed only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”“But Professor, why don,t you try the cream just once?” I argued. “It makes shaving smoother and less painful.”He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. “You know, that cream really works, he announced. “It doesn,t pull the beard. It feels wonderful.” Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn,t have theslightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. HisE=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history — yet Einstein wouldn,t walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn,t have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldn,t.The next morning he announced, “I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way ...” He began a long explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. “No, I guess that,s not it,” he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. “I’ve had good ideas, and so have other men,” he once said. “But it,s been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted.” He wasbewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.第五单元The Villain in the AtmosphereIsaac Asimov1The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.2It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.3What,s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.4But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:5The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a largefraction of the world,s population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.6Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan,s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.7Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.8And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?9It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth,s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.10However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the smallquantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.11We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in.In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.12This means that in the coming decades, Earth,s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.13Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.14But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?15To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.16To make matters worse, Earth,s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.17Whatever replaces the forest - grassland or farms or scrub 一 produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.18But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.19What is to be done?20First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.21Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth,s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.22All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending lesstime, work, and money in order to save us all?第六单元The Making of a SurgeonDr. Nolen 1How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.2The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon” ——then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.3Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every night. The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical decision to be made. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, I,d have trouble getting back to sleep. I,d review all the facts of the case and, not infrequently, wonder if I hadn,t made a poor decision. More than once attwo or three in the morning, after lying awake for an hour, I,d get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself. It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.4Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were still situations in which I couldn,t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved 一 and I could live with it So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing it wasn,t going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I,d made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.5In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever I found. I,d sweated6Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn,t need surgery or sit on someone who did. Five years earlier 一 even one year earlier 一 I wouldn,t have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. Now I could. I still dreaded errors 一 would do my best to avoid them 一 but I knew they were part of a surgeon's life. I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasn,t able to avoid a mistake, chanceswere that no other surgeon could have, either.7This all sounds conceited and I guess it is - but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he,s as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit - call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it.。
现代大学英语精读第二版第六课课文分析（可编辑）
现代大学英语精读第二版第六课课文分析B T L E W Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Part Three ENTER B T L E W Text Appreciation Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Text analysis 1 General analysis 2 Theme 3 Structure 4 Further discussion II Sentence paraphrase Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Plotof the story Setting of the story Protagonists of the story Theme of the story Text Analysis Have you got the key elements in the story To be continued on the next page Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Plot My experience in a small Brazilian village and what I concluded Settinga small village in the central area of Brazil Protagonists an American traveler I several Brazilian people Theme of the storygo to the next page Text Analysis For reference The end of General Analysis Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Text Analysis We should respect all civilizations in the world Wisdoms are to be discovered with an open mindto other cultures Theme of the story The end of Theme Part 1 paras 1 about Part 2 paras about Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Text Analysis Structure of the text 4 The story of the green bananas What the author learned We should respect all civilizations in the world The endof Structure 5 8 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana What is learning moments Have you ever experienced learning moments Have you ever heard of orencountered the experience of cultural differences List the examples The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part para3 What does this sentence mean trying to show interest if not complete acceptance para3 Does the author agree with the villagers Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page W Lesson 10 –The Green Banana its time had come to meet my need It was my own time that had come all in relation to it para5 It was my own time to do what Why is it in the authors opinion that many useful things remain unknown to us Who is to blame But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made a life-long perspective and collection can begin para7 What does he mean by the second center Which is the first center How can we make a conscious breakthrough to a second center What does he mean by perspective and collection Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Whats the use of green bananas in the text Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page Green bananas are first used as something to stop the leak of the jeep temporarily and then as a symbol of the unknown treasures of each civilization W For Reference Lesson 10 – The Green Banana When the author says we should leave our own centers of the world does he mean we should travel to other countries more often Text Analysis Further discussion about the story To be continued on the next page The author believes that everynation has good things to offer to the rest of the world It is therefore wrong to regard any nation as inferior We should reject ethnocentrism andadopt cultural relativism For Reference in the central area of Brazilsteep mountain road jeep stopped stopped for help went on reached destination special potential of green bananas importance of the rock Cultural relativism Text Analysis To be continued on the nextpage Lesson 10 – The Green Banana Beginning Ending Cli Development learning experience paras5-8 Telling the first part of the StoryStory Narration The end of Text Analysis Text Analysis Lesson 10 –The Green Banana Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 1 My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak para 1 When the radiator started to drip my oldjeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the scenery rural areathe infinitive as object go to 2 to strain to try very hard radiator thepart of a car which prevents the engine from getting too hot 散热器Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 2 Theover-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village which consistedof a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there para1 Due to the high temperature of the engine I had to stop at thenext village which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed infinitive as object complement go to 3 over-heatedtoo hot consist of contain be made of Lesson 10 – The Green BananaII Sentence Paraphrase 3 He patted me on the shoulder assuring me that everything would work out para 1 He patted my shoulder confirming methat all the things would be resolved telling me that something is sureto happen or is definitely true go to 4 patted my shoulder More ExamplesTo be continued on the next page Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase Similarly 1 to wound sb in the leg to wound ones leg 2 tohit sb at the back to hit ones back back to 3 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 4 I did not ask them though as that would show my ignorance para 2 However I did not inquire about the reason since it would reveal my lack of knowledge go to 5 an adverbial clause of reason Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 5He in turn inspected me carefully as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement para 3 in a proper order Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring whether I understoodthe importance of his words The infinitive is used in a set constructiongo to 6 with the appearance of apparently More Examples Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 1He looked as if he had seen a ghost followed by a clause 2 She cleared her throat as if to speak followedby an infinitive 3 He was standing by the window as if waiting for somebody followed by a present participle back to 5 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 6 I looked to see if he was teasingme but his face was serious para3 I looked in order to find outwhether he was joking but he seemed deeply earnest infinitive as adverbial go to 7 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 7 They then refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiator should give me trouble again para 4 Then my radiator was filled again by them and I was provided with more bananas as a precaution my radiator should leak again infinitive as attribute go to 8 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 8 As a product of American education I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come para 5 As someone educated in the United States I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten go to 9 The tone is humorous and self-mocking Lesson 10 –The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 9 It was my own time that had come all in relation to it para 5 It was me who had come to know the green bananas and everything connected with it According to the author every civilization has special geniuses symbolized by the green banana which have existed for many years But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them go to 10 Lesson 10 – The Green Banana II Sentence Paraphrase 10 I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call learning moments and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once para5 refers to the two learning moments The two things that suddenly dawned on him are the fact that every civilization has wonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village town region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world infinitive as objectgo to 11 B T L E W。
现代大学英语精读6第二版教师用书Unit
Unit3What Is News?Neil Postman and Steve PowersStructure of the TextPart I (Para. 1)In this beginning paragraph, the authors state the purpose of the essay.Part II (Para. 2)Some people might define the news as what television directors and journalists say it is. The authors, however, think that this definition is too simplistic.Part III (Paras. 3–5)In these para graphs, the authors explain why the news cannot be simply defined as “what happened that day” or “what happened that day that was important and interesting”.Part IV (Paras. 6–11)In these paragraphs, the authors tell readers that the news is more often made rather than gathered, and it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important. Therefore, every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story.Part V (Paras. 12–15)In these paragraphs, the authors point out that to make sense of the news, the viewer has to know somet hing about the journalist’s political beliefs as well as his prejudices, interests, and quirks which are, in turn, influenced by his financial status, the companies he has worked for, the schools he went to, the books he has read, etc.Part VI (Paras. 16–17)In these paragraphs, the authors point out that the journalist cannot always impose his/her views on the general public because the television channel or newspaper cannot survive unless the news they provide satisfies the needs of the general public. On the other hand, the viewer/reader must also take into account his or her relationship to a larger audience because television and newspapers are mass media and their news is not intended for an audience of one.Part VII (Paras. 18–20)In these paragraphs, the authors discuss some other possible definitions of news: news as something to give people pleasure; news as something instructive that reveals the mores, values, and ideals of a society; news as living history; news as a source of literature; news as a reflection of human pain, suffering, tragedies and confusion; news as something to inspire people and make them optimistic; news as something to frighten people and make them aware of the seamy side ofthe reality; last but not least, news as a filler between commercials.Part VIII (Para. 21)In this paragraph, the authors conclude the essay by reiterating their purpose in raising the issue “What is n ews?” It is to arouse our interest and help us understand the problems, limitations, traditions, motivations, and even the delusions of the television news industry.Detailed Study of the Text1. We turn to this question because unless a television viewer has considered it, he or she is in danger of too easily accepting someone else’s definition—for example, a definition supplied by the news director of a television station; or even worse, a definition imposed by important advertisers.(Para. 1)news director: (电视台) 新闻节目负责人advertisers: In many countries in the West, television stations largely depend on selling air time to advertisers for their revenue. Therefore, important advertisers can often impose their views and interests on the news supplied by television stations.viewer：Someone who is watching a movie, a television program, or an exhibitionCompare:audience: a group of people who watch, read, or listen to somethingspectator: a person who watches an event, show, game, or activity2. A simplistic definition of news can be drawn by paraphrasing Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’ famous definition of the law. The law, Holmes said, is what the courts say it is… we might say that the news is what television directors and journalists say it is.(Para. 2) Americans generally accept Holmes’ famous definition of the law because they agree that laws must allow for the new interpretations necessary to meet the challenges of a changing nation and a changing world. But to propose a definition of the news by para phrasing Holmes’ definition of the law probably commits the logical error of false analogy. For example, it would not make much sense if we were to say politics is what politicians say it is, or education is what teachers say it is. simplistic: disapproving too simple; not complete or sufficiently thoroughNothing more. Nothing less. : As simple as that; no more, no less.in similar fashion: in the similar way; likewise; by the similar token3. But if we were to take that approach, on what basis would we say that we haven’t been told enough? Or that a story that should have been covered wasn’t? Or th at too many stories of a certain type were included? Or that a reporter gave a flagrantly biased account? (Para. 2)The fact that people are often unsatisfied with news reporting implies that people have different ideas about what news should be.flagrantly biased: obviously and unquestionably biased4. In modifying their answer, most will add that the news is “important and interestingthings that happened that day.” This helps a little but leaves open the question of what is “important and interesting” a nd how that is decided.(Para. 3)It is all right to say that news consists of the important things that happened that day. But important to whom? In what sense? For what reason?but leaves open the question: but does not give an answer to the question5.Of course, some people will say that the question of what is important and interesting is not in the least problematic. What the President says or does is important; wars are important, rebellions, employment figures, elections, appointments to the Supreme Court. (Para. 4)This is an interesting example of hasty generalization. It is true that what important people say or do is often important, but we can’t jump to the conclusion that everything they say or do is always important. On the other hand, sometimes even what happens to someone completely unknown can escalate to a serious crisis. People call that “the Butterfly Effect.”problematic: causing a problem; questionable; uncertain6. Now, there is a great deal to be said for Saran Wrap. (Para. 4)No w, it’s true that Saran Wrap is very useful.7.Saran Wrap is not news. The color of Liz Taylor’s wrap is. Or so some people believe. (Para. 4)Note that the authors are making a word play on the word “wrap,” which has different meanings.8. We shall never learn about these people either, however instructive or interesting their stories may have been.(Para. 5)We will never hear anything about these people either, no matter how instructive or interesting their stories may have been.instructive: providing knowledge or information; educational9.Of course, there are some events—the assassination of a president, an earthquake, etc.—that have near universal interest and consequences. But most news does not inhere in the event.(Para. 6)to inhere in sth.: formal to be a natural part of sth.; to be inherent in sth.10. In fact, the news is more often made rather than gathered. (Para. 6)In fact, often the news is not something out there for you to pick up; you have to decide what information is newsworthy and make it into news.11．I s a story about a killing in Northern Ireland more important than one about a killing in Morocco?(Para. 6)For Americans of Irish background, the answer will most likely be yes. It is said that the relative importance of an event is often determined by the relative distance of its occurrence to the person involved.12．…every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story. The reporter’s previous assumptions about what is “out there” edit what he or she think s is there. (Para. 6) If news stories were just facts, and facts speak for themselves, then all news stories, though written by different people, would be the same. But news stories are actually all different because every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story, and every reporter has previous assumptions (beliefs, points of view, and biases) which affect what he/she thinks is there.to edit: to decide what will be included or left out, as editors do in preparing, printing, broadcasting, etc.13．The answers to all of these questions, as well as to other questions about the event, depend entirely on the point of view of the journalist. You might think this is an exaggeration, that reporters, irrespective of their assumptions, can at least get the facts straight. (Para. 7) irrespective of: regardless of; without thinking about or consideringAll government officials, irrespective of their rank, must disclose their property.We pursue the diplomatic policy of the five principles of peaceful coexistence in our relationship with all countries irrespective of their size or political s ystem.to get the facts straight: to find out what the facts are without making mistakesnow-defunct: now-dead; now no longer existing or functioningto feature a story: to give a story a prominent place in a newspaper or television news show14．…who thus earn their 35 rubles a month in lieu of “relief”… (Para. 8)Instead of receiving government relief, they are given jobs by the government so that they can earn their money. (这是以工代赈的政策)in lieu of: instead of(government) relief：money that is given to poor people by the government (政府)救济15．…it was the policy of the Journal to highlight the contrast between the primitive Russian economy and the sophisticated American economy. (Para. 11)the Journal: This refers to the newspaper The Wall Street Journal, mentioned above.to highlight: to make people notice or be aware of somethingsophisticated: (the opposite of primitive) highly developed and complex 高级的，复杂的16．Each of our senses is a remarkably astute censor. We see what we expect to see; often, we focus on what we are paid to see. And those who pay us to see usually expect us to accept their notions not only of what is important but of what are important details. (Para. 11)We have five sense organs, and they are all extremely sharp censors.censor: a person who examines books, movies, newspapers, etc. and removes things considered by the authorities to be offensive, immoral, or harmful to society (Note the personification of the word) .We do not see or hear everything. We only see or hear what we expect to see or hear because we have been trained that way. We have been paid by our bosses to see or hear what they expect us to see or hear. We have been made to accept our bosses’ notion of what is interesting and important.17．“We’d have complete dossiers on the interests, policies, and idiosyncrasies of the owners.Then we’d have a dossier on every journalist in the world. The interests, prejudices, and quirks of the owner would equal Z. The prejudices, quirks, and private interests of the journalist Y. Z times Y would give you X, the probable amount of truth in the story.” (Para.12)Here the French writer Albert Camus, quoted by A. J. Liebling, is using a mathematic formula to express the relationship between the interests, prejudices and quirks of a newspaper owner, and those of the journalists, and the probable amount of truth in a news story.Z x Y = XHere, Z = the interests, prejudices, and quirks of the ownerY = the interests, prejudices, and quirks of the journalistsX = the truth probability of the newsDossiers (on): files (of); records (of)18．The host might say something like this: “To begin with, this station is owned by Gary Farnsworth, who is also the president of Bontel Limited, the principal stockholder of which is the Sultan of Bahrain. Bontel Limited owns three Japanese electronic companies, two oil companies, the entire country of Upper Volta, and the western part of Romania. …” (P ara.13)The implied suggestion is that this television station is quite likely to be biased in its news reporting, reflecting the interests of those who control its finances.19．“The anchorman on the television show earns $800,000 a year; his portfolio i ncludes holdings in a major computer firm. He has a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Arkansas but was a C+ student, has never taken a course in political science, and speaks no language other than English. Last year, he read only two books—a biography of Cary Grant and a book of popular psychology called Why Am I So Wonderful? … (Para.13)The implication here is that the opinions of the anchorman on a television show are strongly influenced by his financial status, his source of income, the education he has received, and the books he has read.anchorman (anchorwoman): (chiefly in the US) a man or woman who presents and coordinates a television news program (电视和广播电台)新闻节目主持人Compare:broadcaster:播音员host：（游戏，访谈节目）主持人portfolio：a range of investments held by a person or organization 全部投资；投资组合holdings：financial assets; land, property, or shares in a company 拥有的财产20. “The reporter who covered the story on Yugoslavia speaks Serbo-Croatian, has a degree in international relations, and h as had a Neiman Fellowship at Harvard University.”(Para.13)A reporter who speaks the language, has a degree in a related field, and has done research on journalism at a distinguished university can naturally be expected to be more competent to cover the story on Yugoslavia than one without these qualifications.21. What we are saying is that to answer the question “What is news?” a viewer must know something about the political beliefs and economic situation of those who provide the news. (Para. 15)The point we are trying to make is that a viewer must know something about the political beliefs and economic situation of those who supply the news if he/she wants to answer the question “What is news?”Note here that the news reporter’s economic situation r efers to his/her financial status as well as the way his/her living is made, because a person’s vested interest (his/her personal stake in an undertaking, especially with an expectation of financial or other gain) often affects his/her point of view.22. There is, in fact, a point of view that argues against journalists imposing their own sense of significance on an audience.…What’s our point? A viewer must not only know what he or she thinks is significant but others believe is significant as well. (Para. 16)to keep their own opinions to themselves: To keep their own opinions secret; not to announce their own opinionsto advise them of what is important: to instruct them in what is important; to teach them what is importantNote that with the verb “advise”, the preposition “of” is used, and “to advise somebody of something” is not to be confused with “to advise somebody to do something”.Liz Taylor’s adventures in marriage: This refers to the actress’s unusually numerous marriages, which were a favorite subject of social gossip at the time.A viewer must not only know what he or she thinks is significant but others believe is significant as well: This may be clearer if we repeat the word “what” after “but”.23. Television is a mass medium, which means that a television news show is not intended for you alone. It is public communication, and the viewer needs to have some knowledge and opinions about “the public.”(Para. 17)In defining news it is important for us to remember that a mass medium is not for any single individual alone. It is for the general public, and in a pluralistic society, people’s interests and needs differ. Therefore, viewers must take this fact into consideration and respect the right of other people to be different.24. And this lea ds to another difficulty in answering the question “What is news?” Some might agree with us that Liz Taylor’s adventures in marriage do not constitute significant events but that they ought to be included in a news show precisely for that reason. Her experiences, they may say, are amusing or diverting, certainly engrossing. In other words, the purpose of news should be to give people pleasure, at least to the extent that it takes their minds off their own troubles.… (Para. 18)This is looking at news from a different perspective. It says that many people read the news not for being educated or enlightened, but simply for entertainment. This may not be the most important purpose of the mass media, but we can’t say it is illegitimate. The question “What is n ews?” is now becoming increasingly complicated.they want relief, not aggravation: People want the news to give them some relief–meaning here the removal of something painful or unpleasant rather than its opposite, aggravation, which makes the painful or unpleasant situation even worse.to take their minds off their own troubles: to make them forget their own troubles25. It is also said that whether entertaining or not, stories about the lives of celebrities should be included because they are instructive; they reveal a great deal about our society—its mores, values, ideals. (Para. 18)Even if stories about the lives of celebrities do not amuse or divert us, we still need to read them because these stories tell us a lot about the society we live in.26. Mark Twain once remarked that news is history in its first and best form. (Para. 18) People now more or less agree that today’s news is tomorrow’s history, and today’s history was yesterday’s news. So news can be defined as history to this extent.27. Th e American poet Ezra Pound… defined literature as news that stays news. Among other things, Pound meant that the stuff of literature originates not in stories about the World Bank or an armistice agreement but in those simple, repeatable tales that reflect the pain, confusion, or exaltations that are constant in human experience, and touch us at the deepest levels. (Para. 18)Ezra Pound relates news to literature. Such things as the World Bank and an armistice agreement, regarded as important today, will sooner or later become history, things of the past. However, we remember and retell stories about people’s pain, confusion, or exaltations because they are part of human experience and touch our emotions. This kind of news is the source of literature.28. What are we to make of it? Why him? It is like some Old Testament parable; these questions were raised five thousand years ago and we still raise them today. It is the kind of story that stays news, and that is why it must be given prominence. (Para. 18)to make of it: to understand itto be given prominence: to be treated as important; to be stressed29. What about… the fires, rapes, and murders that are daily featured on local television news? Who has decided that they are important, and why? One cynical answer is that they are there because viewers take comfort in the realization that they have escaped disaster. At least for that day.(Para. 19)…viewers take comfort in the realization that…: viewers feel relieved or less worried because they know that these terrible things have not happened to them.30. …It is the task of the news story to provide a daily accounting of the progress of society. … These reports, especially those of a concrete nature, are the daily facts from which the audience is expect ed to draw appropriate conclusions about the question “What kind of society am I a member of?”(Para. 19)Another task of the news story is to give a daily accounting of the progress of society so that viewers will understand their society better.31.… heavy television viewers… believe their communities are much more dangerous than do light television viewers. Television news, in other words, tends to frighten people. (Para.19)This paragraph suggests that television news tends to frighten rather than to enlighten people. Heavy television viewers believe their communities are much more dangerous than light viewers do. This leads to the question that whether news stories should concentrate on the brighter side of social reality.heavy (light) television viewers:people who watch many (only a few) hours of television programs in a day.32. The question is, “Ought they to be frightened?” which is to ask, “Is the news an accurate portrayal of where we are as a society?” Which leads to another question, “Is it possible for daily news to give such a picture?” Many journalists believe it is possible. Some are skeptical. The early twentieth-century journalist Lincoln Steffens proved that he could create a “crime wave” any time he wanted by simply writing about all the crimes that normally occur in a large city during the course of a month. He could also end the crime wave by not writing about them. If crime waves can be “manufactured” by journalists, then how accurate are news shows in depicting the condition of a society? (Para. 19)Is it true that journalists can create events and make them disappear? If it were true, wouldn’t that make it very easy to run a country? Moreover, if it were true, how could we ever trust news provided by the mass media? And wouldn’t that also mean that a country could get along just fine without reliable news?portrayal: depiction; description33. Besides, murders, rapes, and fires (even unemployment figures) are not the only way to assess the progress (or regress) of a society. Why are there so few television stories about symphonies that have been composed, novels written, scientific problems solved, and a thousand other creative acts that occur during the course of a month? Were television news to be filled with these events, we would not be frightened. We would, in fact, be inspired, optimistic, cheerful. (Para. 19)This paragraph raises a very interesting question: Why are many events that actually have great impact on human life not given any prominence - new philosophical theories and academic achievements for example? Possible answers are given in the following paragraph.to assess the progress: to measure; to estimate; to evaluate; to appraiseregress: moving back to an earlier, less developed and usually worse state or condition. It is usually used as a verb. The noun form is “regression”.Compare: digress v. digression n.moving away from the main subject under discussion in speaking and writing34. One answer is as follows. These events make poor television news because there is so little to show about them. In the judgment of most editors, people watch television. And what they are interested in watching are exciting, intriguing, even exotic pictures. Suppose a scientist has developed a new theory about how to measure with more exactitude the speedwith which heavenly objects are moving away from the earth. It is difficult to televise a theory, especially if it involved complex mathematics.(Para. 20)This paragraph tries to answer the question raised above. According to the authors, one answer may be that television as a means of communication has its limitations. It is good at showing exciting, intriguing, and exotic pictures and events, but not at dealing with ideas, theories, and other abstract things. In other words, it i s a visual medium; it is less effective at engaging viewers’ minds. The second, implied answer is that people watch television mainly to be entertained. They have no time or patience for profound subjects. Lastly, most editors and news directors are incapable of immediately realizing the significance of scientific and theoretical discoveries. The conclusion seems to be: The news media are extremely important, but they are incapable of answering all our needs where news is concerned.35. Television sells time, and time cannot be expanded. This means that whatever else is neglected, commercials cannot b, which leads to another possible answer to the question “What is news?” News, …in its worst form,… can also be mainly a “filler,” a “come-on” to keep the vie wer’s attention until the commercials come. Certain producers have learned that by pandering to the audience, by eschewing solid news and replacing it with leering sensationalism, they can subvert the news by presenting a “television commercial show” that is interrupted by news. (Para. 20)In the United States, television stations are privately owned. These privately owned stations sell air time to business companies to promote their products. Therefore, presenting the news show is not the television statio n’s main purpose: “news” serves merely as “filler” to keep the viewer’s attention until the commercials appear, not vice versa. And there is nothing more effective for this purpose than leering sensationalism. This may be an extreme case, but there is certainly some truth in it.36. The purpose of this chapter is to arouse your interest in thinking about the question. Your answers are to be found by knowing what you feel is significant and how your sense of the significant conforms with or departs from that of others, including broadcasters, their bosses, and their audiences. Answers are to be found in your ideas about the purpose of public communication, and in your judgment of the kind of society you live in and wish to live in. We cannot provide answers to these questions. But you also need to know something about the problems, limitations, traditions, motivations, and, yes, even the delusions of the television news industry.(Para. 21)This paragraph concludes the purpose of the essay. The authors do not intend to give us the answer to the question: “What is news?”, because they can’t. The problem is complicated, and each of us has to find his/her own answer. The purpose of the essay is to arouse our interest in answering the question by ourselves, and also to inform us of the important factors we must take into consideration to understand the nature of news.Key to ExercisesI1. a set sequence in a theatrical or comic performance 保留节目（喜剧\歌舞等）2.to correct, condense, or modify material when preparing it for publication or presentation3.in Paragraph 8, financial or practical assistance given to those in need 救济(in Paragraph 18,the removal of something painful or unpleasant 减轻痛苦)4. a man or woman who presents and coordinates a television program （电视新闻）男节目主持人5.financial assets; land, property, or shares in a company 拥有的土地或股票6.the extent to which something is probable 几率7.to consider8.to watch a television show or listen to radio broadcast9.time during which a television show or radio broadcast is being transmitted 播放时间10. a news item, public-service announcement, or music, used to fill time on a radio or televisionprogram11.something intended to allure or attract12.to undermine the power and authority of a system or institutionV1 How one defines “the news” depen ds on what he/she considers interesting and important.2 Now it’s true that Saran Wrap is very useful in many ways, and we guess that in the end factswill show that it is more useful for the happiness of most of us… (But…)3 But most news is not an essential part of an event. It becomes news only because, in themidst of the noise and disorder of everything happening around us, a journalist has selected it for our attention.4 … it was the policy of the newspaper to focus on the sharp difference between the backwardRussian economy and the advanced American economy. Each of our five senses acts as a censor, screening information. It makes us see what we want to see, hear what we want to hear, etc.; and we do so because that is what we have been educated or are paid to do.5 According to Camus, we would have complete records or files on the (newspaper) owners'interests, biases, and peculiar traits. Then we would have similarly complete files on every journalist in the world.Camus then proposes: Z×Y= X, where:Z stands for the prejudices, eccentric habits and private interests of the owner.Y stands for the prejudices, eccentric habits and private interests of the journalist.X is the probable amount of truth in the story.6 Certain producers of television programs have discovered that, by catering to the low tastesand desires of their audience, by avoiding real news and deliberately replacing it with sensational stories, they can transform television news from programs interrupted by short commercials into one long commercial interrupted by snippets of news.VIPhrases1.一种过于简单化的定义2.一种公然带有偏见的报道/陈述3.就业数字统计4.喜剧保留剧目。
现代大学英语精读2unit6教案
课程目标：1. 理解并掌握课文内容，提高阅读理解能力。
2. 学习并运用课文中的词汇和语法知识。
3. 培养学生的口语表达能力，提高英语交际能力。
4. 培养学生的批判性思维能力，学会从不同角度分析问题。
教学对象：英语专业本科学生教学时间：2课时教学重点：1. 课文内容理解2. 词汇和语法知识3. 口语表达能力的培养教学难点：1. 课文内容中的复杂句型2. 词汇的灵活运用3. 批判性思维能力的培养教学准备：1. 课文教材2. 课件3. 相关词汇卡片4. 课堂练习材料教学过程：第一课时一、导入1. 介绍本课的主题，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 引导学生回顾上一节课的内容，复习相关知识点。
二、课文阅读1. 阅读课文，了解文章大意。
2. 学生分组讨论，交流阅读感受。
三、词汇学习1. 引导学生找出课文中重点词汇，分析词性、词义和用法。
2. 通过例句和练习，让学生掌握词汇的运用。
四、语法学习1. 分析课文中出现的复杂句型，讲解语法知识。
2. 学生练习，巩固所学语法知识。
五、课堂练习1. 布置课后作业，让学生在课后巩固所学知识。
2. 学生展示作业，教师点评。
第二课时一、复习导入1. 回顾上一节课的内容，检查学生对课文的理解程度。
2. 引导学生复习词汇和语法知识。
二、口语表达1. 分组讨论，让学生运用课文中的词汇和语法知识进行口语表达。
2. 教师点评，纠正学生的错误。
三、批判性思维1. 引导学生从不同角度分析课文中的问题。
2. 学生分组讨论，提出自己的观点。
四、课堂总结1. 总结本节课的学习内容，强调重点和难点。
2. 布置课后作业，巩固所学知识。
五、课后拓展1. 建议学生阅读相关背景资料，拓宽知识面。
2. 鼓励学生参加英语角等活动，提高口语表达能力。
教学反思：本节课通过课文阅读、词汇和语法学习、口语表达和批判性思维等环节，旨在提高学生的英语综合运用能力。
在教学过程中，教师应关注学生的个体差异，因材施教，激发学生的学习兴趣。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读（2）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】
目 录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 9一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 10一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 11一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 12一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 13一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 14一、练习答案Unit 15一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 16一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Adisaster [di5zB:stE] n.灾难，灾祸；不幸【例句】These difficulties are caused by natural disasters. 这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
【助记】dis（不，没有）+aster（星星）→星星消失了，难道预示着灾难的来临？谐音“点扎死他”，灾难。
semester [si5mestE] n.学期；半年【例句】His writing has improved greatly in this semester. 这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
【助记】seme（看作semi半）+s+ ter（看作terra学期）→半学期beanpole [5bi:npEul] n.（插在地上供豆茎攀缘的）支竿，瘦长之人【例句】Li Ling’s elder sister is short and overweight while her younger sister is a beanpole.李玲的姐姐是个矮胖墩儿，可她妹妹却是个细高个儿。
现代大学英语精读一第二版是六单元读后感
现代大学英语精读一第二版是六单元读后感English:After completing Unit Six of the second edition of "Modern College English Reading," I find myself enriched with a deeper understanding of both the English language and various aspects of Western culture. The unit delves into the theme of "Education and Success," exploring the significance of education in achieving personal goals and societal progress. Through engaging texts such as "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People" and "The Road Less Traveled," I have not only enhanced my language skills but also gained valuable insights into principles for personal development and success. These texts not only offer practical advice but also provoke introspection, encouraging readers to reflect on their own attitudes and approaches towards success. Additionally, the unit exposes readers to a diverse range of perspectives, fostering critical thinking and cultural appreciation. Overall, Unit Six serves as a comprehensive journey through the intersections of language, culture, and personal growth, leaving a lasting impact on my academic and personal endeavors.中文翻译：完成了《现代大学英语精读》第二版的第六单元后，我发现自己对英语语言和西方文化的各个方面有了更深层次的理解，这让我受益匪浅。
现代大学英语精读2unit6课后题答案
现代大学英语精读2unit6课后题答案1、He always did well at school _____ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. [单选题] *A despite ofB. in spite of(正确答案)C. regardless ofD in case of2、My father?is _______ flowers. [单选题] *A. busy watering(正确答案)B. busy waterC. busy with wateringD. busy with water3、The Chinese team are working hard _______ honors in the Olympic Games. [单选题] *A. to win(正确答案)B. winC. winningD. won4、I had _______ egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /5、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)6、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on7、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear8、24．Kitty’s father ______ a policeman since 2 He loves helping people. [单选题] *A．isB．wasC．has been (正确答案)D．have been9、15．This kind of bread is terrible. I do not want to eat it ________. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer10、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others11、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free12、____ wants to see you. [单选题] *A. Somebody(正确答案)B. AnybodyC. All the peopleD. No people13、Though my best friend Jack doesn’t get（）education, he is knowledgeable. [单选题] *A. ManyB. littleC. fewD. much(正确答案)14、We often go to the zoo _______ Saturday mornings. [单选题] *A. atB. inC. on(正确答案)D. of15、57．Next week will be Lisa's birthday. I will send her a birthday present ________ post. [单选题] *A．withB．forC．by(正确答案)D．in16、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] * A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour17、How lovely a day,（）? [单选题] *A. doesn't itB. isn't it(正确答案)C.shouldn't itD.hasn't it18、My father always gets up early. He’s never late _______ work. [单选题] *A. toB. for(正确答案)C. onD. at19、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)20、There _______ no water or milk in the fridge. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. have21、How beautiful the flowers are! Let’s take some _______. [单选题] *A. photos(正确答案)B. potatoesC. paintingsD. tomatoes22、The red jacket is _______ than the green one. [单选题] *A. cheapB. cheapestC. cheaper(正确答案)D. more cheap23、—Is this Tony’s history book?—No, it isn’t ______.（）[单选题] *A. himB. his(正确答案)C. heD. himself24、—What do you think of Animal World? —______. I watch it every day.（）[单选题] *A. I don’t mind it.B. I like it.(正确答案)C. I can’t stand it.D. I don’t like it.25、The students in that university are not fewer than（）in our university. [单选题] *A. the oneB. thatC. themD. those(正确答案)26、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or27、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much28、64．Would you like to drink ________？[单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．anything elseC．else somethingD．else anything29、_______ your help, I passed the English exam. [单选题] *A. ThanksB. Thanks to(正确答案)C. Thank youD. Thank to30、She _______ love cats, but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. [单选题]*A. got used toB. was used toC. was used forD. used to(正确答案)。
现代大学英语精读unit6 life on earth
$
If microbes can live…not so shabby.
1.What are the two conditions given in this statement? They refer to places without water or air or sunlight, and places where the temperature is extremely high. 2. What is meant by “Then they might find a place like Mars not so shabby”? Notice the tone of the sentence.
原因是：1）宇宙像是适合生命存在的地方；2）如果有生命存在， 生物会发出可以被探测到的、表明其存在的记号。
$
…life radiates information about itself-that ,if nothing else,it usually leaves a residue,an imprint,an echo.
这个浅显的事实是：外星生物既然是宇宙其他行星的生 物，就不能轻而易举地找到。
Para. 13
$
What are the reasons, according to the author, which sustain the search for alien organisms?
The reasons are: 1) the universe looks to be a place suitable for the existence of life; 2) if that is the case, life will give out signs of its existence and these can be detected.
现代大学英语精读第二版Unit 6
4.桂林向来被我们称为最美的地方，我以前
怀疑这种说法。现在我完全同意他们了。一 切都美极了，尤其是那些千姿百态的石峰。
Guilin has always been regarded by our people as the most beautiful place in our country. I used to have my doubts, but now I totally agree with them. Everything is so beautiful, especially the rock formations in all those different shapes.
• What’s the use of the green banana in the text? What does it symbolize?
WB
TR
The Green Banana
Unit 6
Culture Tips
Author
Backgrou nd
Genre
WB TR
Background
A young man who saw the woman run over by the car has agreed to appear in court as witness. I admire his courage.
7. 大学教育应该设法保证我们的大学生有 进行批判性思维的能力。
– "ethnocentrism" basically refers to judging other groups
from one’s own cultural point of view, or misinterpreting
现代大学英语精读3(第二版)Unit6课后答案
Unit 6 Vocabulary1. Translate the following expressions. Into Chinese1.吸毒者;瘾君子2.毒瘾3.令人上瘾的药物4.滥用毒品5.毒品交易6.毒品贩子7.与毒品有关的犯罪和死亡8.既得利益9.麻醉药品管理局10.黑社会11.去掉犯罪的污名12.禁果的诱惑13.治疗中心14.令人讨厌的大漏洞15.执法16.废除一条法律17.合法化的赞成者和反对者18.使吸毒失去魅力19.发动一场毫不手软的禁烟运动Into English1. kick drug addiction2. disprove the theory3. start / launch a crime wave4. get hooked on alcohols5. push drugs6. further criminalize drug-taking7. legalize gambling8. pump funds into education9. bail out the ocean with a teaspoon10. eliminate drug addiction11. repeal the law12. miss the boat13. underestimate the seriousness of the consequence14. confiscate property15. dwarf the previous achievements16. undercut the price17. deglamorize cigarettes18. project a new image19. ban TV ads20. take more repressive measures2. Supply words that can form a collocation with the word in bold type.1. take / abuse / push / inject / legalize / glamorize / prohibit / ban /carry / fight / confiscate / get hooked on / declare war on / stamp out / crack down on2. make / pass / repeal / enforce / violate / break / obey / change / enact / revise / observe / respect3. the prohibition / a finger / his head / her eyes / the sanctions4. a campaign / a frontal attack / an expedition / the steps / a horse5. a ban / a sanction / an embargo / a sales tax / a heavy fine / a heavy burden / one's will / one's values / one's ideas6. a cultural impression / the process / the verdict / the role / the trend / the chair / the car / the normal order3. Translate the following sentences into English.1 .We all know that cocaine is addictive. So is heroin. But actually power and money are addictive too. Those who get addicted to them are really very sick people.2. Scientists have been advocating returning reclaimed land to rivers, lakes, marshes and meadows.3. According to many economists, it is not always a good idea for the government to bail out financially insolvent companies. Sometimes, a company on the verge of bankruptcy is better allowed to go bankrupt.4. He has been caught red-handed. There is indisputable evidence thata whole chapter of his book was bodily lifted from a book written by another professor.5. Their government long since passed a law to ban the import and export of rare species of birds and animals. But the law is not easy to enforce.6. It is hard to make young people believe nowadays that there was a time when Chinese women were banned from wearing skirts. Jeans, foreign movies and Western music were all forbidden.7. In the darkness our ship hit a hidden rock, which left a gaping hole in the bottom. We all tried desperately to bail out the water, but the boat was sinking fast. Luckily a fishing boat was nearby and saved us from drowning.8. The demonstrators demanded that economic sanctions be lifted immediately because they usually only hurt ordinary, innocent people.9. At the meeting, both the advocates and opponents gave strong arguments, but most participants favored having further reforms placed on the agenda immediately.4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.1 .in, around2. down, from, in3. out, of, from, away4. into, for5. for, out, on, on6. after, on7. from, on, from8. for, in9. off/out, up10. out, in5. Replace the italicized parts with appropriate words and expressions from the text.1. proponents : advocates / supportersstarting : launchingplay down: minimize/underestimatedisastrous: catastrophic/ruinous/devastating2. gave rise to: led to3. give people the impression that he was: project the image of beingget: go after4. viewed as: regarded as/consideredadmission: confession/recognitionharsh: repressive5. persistent: relentlessforbid: ban/prohibit/outlaw6. transportation: trafficfar surpass: dwarf/exceed7. approval to: permission formet with: encountered/drew8. say: maintain9. become easily addicted to : get seasily hooked on10. finally became : ended up being11. sacred task : divine missionWipe out : crack down on6. Study the following sentences and point out where, if anywhere, the satire or irony lies.1. Will Rogers is being sarcastic about the American government which is providing endless raw materials for humorists by the silly things they say and do, thus making the job of humorists perfectly easy.2. This is also a satirical remark directed at government, which calls itsuse of violence as law although it is not always justifiable.3. This is a satirical remark about the fact that most people are guilty of plagiarism without being discovered.4. Irene Peter is obviously unhappy about the situation today. He uses "confused" and "thinking clearly" ironically.5. This is an ironical way of saying that it is useless trying to convince an ignorant man. Ignorant people usually have neither meaningful arguments nor the ability to understand other people's arguments. Therefore in an ironical sense, they are "invincible."6. This is a satirical remark about political or religious fanatics who easily become mobsGrammar1.Study and learn ways of enumeration (listing items).1.Note ways of enumeration and point out the type of enumeration used.1.Precedence (descending order of importance)there 2.Precedence (ascending order of importance, using three phrases ofbe instead of ordinal numbers)3.Equal importance2.Put in the blanks suitable expressions of enumeration.1.The next best, the very worst2.For one(thing), For the other, Finally / First, Second, Finally / In the first place, Then, Finally3.First, Second, Third / Firstly, Secondly, Third (Note:Some native speaker consider -ly poor style)plete the sentence by translating the Chinese in brackets using either of the structures below.1.It looked as though a compromise had reached2.when actually it had never proved effective on humans3.such was the advice that he gave his only son4.he didn’t sound as though he was ready to lend a helping hand5.when in fact in order to raise money for his father’s operation he had quit college and was working at a restaurant6.my mother felt as though h er life also ended7.it seems as though the rain would never stop8.when in fact is a policewoman whose job is to protect VIPs in times of emergency9.which made me feel as though I was a swan rather than an ugly duckling10.such was the depth of the feelings between them3.Study the grammatical structure of these involved。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读(6)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Uni
Unit 10一、词汇短语reclaim [] vi. 要回；开垦（荒地）；回收【例句】This land was reclaimed from the sea. 这块土地是填海开垦出来的。
【词组】beyond reclaim不可救药，没有悔改【助记】re（回来）+claim（喊）→喊回来→收回orient [] vt. 使适应；使熟悉情况（或环境等）；使朝向；以…为方向（目标）【例句】①The orient has been playing an active role in the world economy. 亚洲一直在世界经济中发挥积极作用。
②We must orient our products to the needs of the market. 我们必须使我们的产品适应市场的需要。
【词组】orient oneself to适应，顺应（新环境等）ingrained [] adj. 根深蒂固的，一成不变的，积深难除的【例句】These people have an ingrained superiority complex in them. 这些人有一种根深蒂固的优越感。
whim [wɪm] n. 奇想；一时的兴致；怪念头；幻想【例句】We decided, more or less on a whim, to sail to Morocco. 我们多少有些心血来潮地决定乘船去摩洛哥。
up-country [ˌʌp ˈkʌntri] adv. 在内地；内地地adj. 内陆地区的；内地的；偏远的n. 内地【例句】I hired a car to take us up-country. 我租了辆车带我们去内地。
temperance [ˈtempərəns] n. 戒酒；节欲；（气候等的）温和adj. 温暖的；有节制的【例句】Temperance should be applied not only to food and drink, but to work and play. 不仅在食物饮酒方面，而且在工作与游戏上，也要有节制。
现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit6
Wisdom of Bear Wood Unit 6
Theme
Structure
Detailed Analysis
Text Analysis
Text Analysis Theme
Friendship Nature
Text Analysis Structure
Part 1: (1-4) my life before the encounter Part 2: (5-35) my friendship with the old lady
verge against: to be close to; to be at the edge or border of (This is a rare expression)
a network of: a system of lines, wires, roads, etc that cross each other and are connected to each other
demanded that he go: subjunctive mood every few years: Something will happen regularly
after a few years. to wrench yourself away from: to twist and pull
stand: a group of trees growing in a given area impenetrable: derived from “penetrate”
Text Analysis Detailed Analysis
Part I: Sentence Paraphrase
现代大学英语精读2Lesson6TheManintheWater
Lesson Six: The Man in the Water1. Warm-up questionsWhat does the author try to say through the story?A. The disaster?B. The three heroes?C. The man in the water?D. Human nature?2. Word buildingacknowledge—acknowledgementadmire—admirable—admirationaesthetic—aestheticism—aesthete—aestheticsanonymous—anonymityroot: synonym, antonym, homonym, pseudonymbehave—behaviorcollide—collisionfloat—floatation (flotation)tragic—tragedycomedy—comicsurvive—survival—survivorunique—uniquenessemploy—employment—employee—employerc.f. train, trainee, trainer, traininge.g. Y ou can employ your spare time more effectively. (make use of)injure—injuryc.f. injure 事故受伤事故中伤者wound 战斗受伤战斗中伤员damage 事物受到损坏hurt 可指心灵伤害president—presidential—presidency (preside)vice ~, former~, be elected/ appointed~during/ under the presidency of George W. Bush 总统职位、任期~ campaign / election/ candidate3. V ocabularyacknowledge1) meaningsHe acknowledged his secret marriage. (agree to the truth of, admit) 承认(They acknowledged that they have been defeated.)He was acknowledged as/ to be their leader. (recognize, accept, admit…as) 认可He acknowledged our help with a present. (show appreciation/ that he is grateful for…) 感谢We must acknowledge his letter. (state that one has received sth) 我们应告诉他来信已收到。
大学英语精读第二册UnitSix课文讲解
大学英语精读第二册UnitSix课文讲解大学英语精读第二册Unit Six课文讲解导语：外科医生主要是诊断外科疾病，为患者提供手术治疗的医务工作者。
下面YJBYS店铺分享一篇关于外科医生的大学英语课文，欢迎学习!A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his own experience.The Making of a SurgeonHow does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a "surgeon"? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, "There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon" - then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every night. The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical decision to be made. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, I'd have trouble getting back to sleep. I'd review all the facts of the case and, not infrequently, wonder if I hadn't made a poor decision. More than once at two or three in the morning, after lying awake for an hour, I'd get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself. It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were still situations in which I couldn'tbe certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved - and I could live with it. So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing it wasn't going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever l found. I'd sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures. I had sweated over them for five years. I didn't need to sweat any more.Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn't need surgery or sit on someone who did. Five years earlier - even one year earlier - I wouldn't have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. Now I could. I still dreaded errors - would do my best to avoid them -- but I knew they were part of a surgeon's life. I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasn't able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have, either.This all sounds conceited and I guess it is - but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he's as good asand probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit - call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it.NEW WORDSsurgeonn. doctor who performs operations 外科医生self-confidencen. 自信心makingn. means of gaining success 成功之道residentn. 住院医生concludevt. arrive at a belief or opinion by reasoning 得出结论surgicala. of, by, or for surgery 外科的;手术的competentlyad. with the necessary skill 称职地;胜任地competenta.nearvt. approach; come closer toemergencyn. sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate action 紧急情况;急症encountervt. be faced with (difficulties, danger, etc.); meet unexpectedly 遭到;意外地遇见dreadvt. fear greatly 畏惧criticala. important at a time of danger and difficulty 紧要的;关键性的particulara. belonging to some one person, thing, or occasion 特定的casen. instance of disease or injury 病例infrequentlyad. seldom; not oftenrelaxvi. become less tense 放松relaxationn.residencyn. the last stage of a doctor's training at a hospital 高级专科住院实习(期)constanta. happening all the time; unchanging 不断的;始终如一的resolvevt. solve 解决resolutionn.considereda. carefully thought out 经过深思熟虑的dwellvi. live (in a place) 居住bounda. very likely; certain 一定的，必然的sounda. correct; based on good judgment 正确的，合理的'confidenta. sure of oneself and one's abilities 自然的confidencen.handlevt. manage, deal with 处理butterflyn. 蝴蝶abdomenn. belly 腹(部)anticipatevt. see beforehand 预期anticipationn.sweatn. 汗vi. 流汗stabn. thrust made with a pointed weapon 刺;戳bellyn. 肚，腹部puncturevt. make a small hole in (sth.) with sth. pointed 刺穿compounda. having more than one part 复合的fracturen. break in a bone 骨折compoundn. 复合性骨折inevitablyad. unavoidably 不可避免地inevitablea.errvi. make mistakes; do wrongoperatevi. perform a surgical operation 动手术surgeryn. 外科;外科手术solea. unshared; one and only 唯一的responsibilityn. 责任;责任心avoidvt. escape; keep or get away from 避免conceiteda. having too high an opinion of oneself 自负的conceitn. too high an opinion of oneselftryinga. hard to endure or bear; very difficult 难受的;恼人的bothervt. annoy, trouble 烦扰，麻烦uncertaintyn. uncertain condition; doubtPHRASES & EXPRESSIONSdraw to a closecome to an end 结束live withlearn to accept (sth. unpleasant); tolerate 学会;适应;容忍dwell onthink, write, or speak a lot about 老是想着;详述;强调(be) bound to (do)(be) certain to (do) 一定..., 必然...in practice(医师,律师等) 在开业中;在实践中butterflies in the stomachfeelings of nervousness 忐忑不安open upcut open 切开,给...开刀in advanceahead of time 预先,事前at one time or anothersometime or other 早晚sit ondelay taking action on; do nothing about 拖延;搁置PROPER NAMESNolen诺兰(姓氏)Walt沃尔特(男子名 Walter 的昵称)Larry拉里(男子 Lawrence 的昵称)。
现代大学英语精读第二版book3unit6
• Alex has kicked cigarettes, heroin, and booze.
Text Analysis
atcostatcostpricetomsuncleisacardealerandlethimbuythecaratcostcostsellingprice?translation?倾销是指用低于成本的价格进行销售以将竞争对手赶出市场的行为
How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?
How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?
Unit 6
Essay 1
Text Analysis
Essay 2
Essay 3
Structure
Detailed Analysis
Structure
Detailed Analysis
Structure
Detailed Analysis
speed
heroin
opium
ecstasy ice
III. Sentence Paraphrase
1. Simply: used for emphasizing that what you are saying is nothing more than what you say it is.
2. at cost: for only the amount of money that is needed to make or get sth., without any profit being added on.
杨立民《现代大学英语精读(2)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Unit 6)
Unit 6一、词汇短语Text Awrench [] n. 扳手；（离别等的）痛苦；猛扭vt. 猛扭，使扭伤；歪曲，曲解；使痛苦，折磨【例句】I wrenched the door open. 我把门扭开了。
【词组】wrench sth off (sth.)/wrench sb./sth. away 猛扭或猛拉某人[某物]使之脱离某物【助记】法国人（French）把他（t）扔进了壕沟里（trench），我（w）把他扭伤（wrench）。
【派生】wretched adj. 可怜的，不幸的；（令人）苦恼的，讨厌的；恶劣的；卑鄙的，无耻的patchwork [] n. 缝缀而成的衣物或工艺品（缝合起来的形形色色的缝织物）【例句】That proposal is nothing else other than a patchwork. 那个建议只是一个大杂烩而已。
【词组】wheat straw/stalk patchwork 麦秆画a patchwork of fields seen from an aeroplane 从飞机上俯瞰的块块田地patchwork quilt 拼布床单；用小块布缝缀的被罩woodland [] n. 林区，林地adj.林地的；居住在森林中的【例句】①Our house backs onto a piece of woodland. 我们的房屋后面是一块林地。
②The cutting of forests is threatening woodland species. 砍伐森林也正威胁着林地鸟类。
surround [] v. 包围，环绕n. 围绕物adj. 环绕立体声的【例句】The house is in beautiful surroudings. 这房子的环境优美。
【词组】surround sb./sth. (with sb./sth.)（使某人、某物）包围某人、某物；围住某人、某物（尤指使之无法脱逃）【派生】surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物verge [] v. 接近，濒临；趋向n. 边，边缘；界限【例句】She was on the verge of suicide. 她濒临自杀的边缘。
现代大学英语精读6第二版教师用书Unit
现代⼤学英语精读6第⼆版教师⽤书UnitUnit3What Is News?Neil Postman and Steve PowersStructure of the TextPart I (Para. 1)In this beginning paragraph, the authors state the purpose of the essay.Part II (Para. 2)Some people might define the news as what television directors and journalists say it is. The authors, however, think that this definition is too simplistic.Part III (Paras. 3–5)In these paragraphs, the authors explain why the news cannot be simply defined as “what happened that day” or “what happened that day that was important and interesting”.Part IV (Paras. 6–11)In these paragraphs, the authors tell readers that the news is more often made rather than gathered, and it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important. Therefore, every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story.Part V (Paras. 12–15)In these paragraphs, the authors point out that to make sense of the news, the viewer has to know somet hing about the journalist’s political beliefs as well as his prejudices, interests, and quirks which are, in turn, influenced by his financial status, the companies he has worked for, the schools he went to, the books he has read, etc.Part VI (Paras. 16–17)In these paragraphs, the authors point out that the journalist cannot always impose his/her views on the general public because the television channel or newspaper cannot survive unless the news they provide satisfies the needs of the general public. On the other hand, the viewer/reader must also take into account his or her relationship to a larger audience because television and newspapers are mass media and their news is not intended for an audience of one.Part VII (Paras. 18–20)In these paragraphs, the authors discuss some other possible definitions of news: news as something to give people pleasure; news as something instructive that revealsthe mores, values, and ideals of a society; news as living history; news as a source of literature; news as a reflection of human pain, suffering, tragedies and confusion; news as something to inspire people and make them optimistic; news as something to frighten people and make them aware of the seamy side of the reality; last but not least, news as a filler between commercials.Part VIII (Para. 21)In this paragraph, the authors conclude the essay by reiterating their purpose in raising the issue “What is n ews?” It is to arouse our interest and help us understand the problems, limitations, traditions, motivations, and even the delusions of the television news industry.Detailed Study of the Text1. We turn to this question because unless a television viewer has considered it, he or she is in danger of too easily accepting someone else’s definition—for example, a definition supplied by the news director of a television station; or even worse, a definition imposed by important advertisers.(Para. 1)news director: (电视台) 新闻节⽬负责⼈advertisers: In many countries in the West, television stations largely depend on selling air time to advertisers for their revenue. Therefore, important advertisers can often impose their views and interests on the news supplied by television stations.viewer：Someone who is watching a movie, a television program, or an exhibition Compare:audience: a group of people who watch, read, or listen to somethingspectator: a person who watches an event, show, game, or activity2. A simplistic definition of news can be drawn by paraphrasing Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’ famous definiti on of the law. The law, Holmes said, is what the courts say it is… we might say that the news is what television directors and journalists say it is.(Para. 2)Americans generally accept Holmes’ famous definition of the law because they agree that laws must allow for the new interpretations necessary to meet the challenges of a changing nation and a changing world. But to propose a definition of the news by para phrasing Holmes’ definition of the law probably commits the logical error of false analogy. For example, it would not make much sense if we were to say politics is what politicians say it is, or education is what teachers say it is. simplistic: disapproving too simple; not complete or sufficiently thorough Nothing more. Nothing less. : As simple as that; no more, no less.in similar fashion: in the similar way; likewise; by the similar token3. But if we were to take that approach, on what basis would we say that we haven’tbeen told enough? Or that a story that should have been covered wasn’t? Or th at too many stories of a certain type were included? Or that a reporter gave a flagrantly biased account? (Para. 2)The fact that people are often unsatisfied with news reporting implies that people have different ideas about what news should be.flagrantly biased: obviously and unquestionably biased4. In modifying their answer, most will add that the news is “important and interesting things that happened that day.” This helps a little but leaves open the question of what is “important and interesting” a nd how that is decided.(Para. 3)It is all right to say that news consists of the important things that happened that day. But important to whom? In what sense? For what reason?but leaves open the question: but does not give an answer to the question5.Of course, some people will say that the question of what is important and interesting is not in the least problematic. What the President says or does is important; wars are important, rebellions, employment figures, elections, appointments to the Supreme Court. (Para. 4)This is an interesting example of hasty generalization. It is true that what important people say or do is often important, but we can’t jump to the conclusion that everything they say or do is always important. On the other hand, sometimes even what happens to someone completely unknown can escalate to a serious crisis. People call that “the Butterfly Effect.”problematic: causing a problem; questionable; uncertain6. Now, there is a great deal to be said for Saran Wrap. (Para. 4)No w, it’s true that Saran Wrap is very useful.7.Saran Wrap is not news. The color of Liz Taylor’s wrap is. Or so some people believe. (Para. 4)Note that the authors are making a word play on the word “wrap,” which has different meanings.8. We shall never learn about these people either, however instructive or interesting their stories may have been.(Para. 5)We will never hear anything about these people either, no matter how instructive or interesting their stories may have been.instructive: providing knowledge or information; educational9.Of course, there are some events—the assassination of a president, an earthquake, etc.—that have near universal interest and consequences. But most news does not inhere in the event.(Para. 6)to inhere in sth.: formal to be a natural part of sth.; to be inherent in sth.10. In fact, the news is more often made rather than gathered. (Para. 6)In fact, often the news is not something out there for you to pick up; you have to decide what information is newsworthy and make it into news.11．Is a story about a killing in Northern Ireland more important than one about a killing in Morocco?(Para. 6)For Americans of Irish background, the answer will most likely be yes. It is said that the relative importance of an event is often determined by the relative distance of its occurrence to the person involved.12．…every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story. The reporter’s previous assumptions about what is “out there” edit what he or she thinks is there. (Para. 6)If news stories were just facts, and facts speak for themselves, then all news stories, though written by different people, would be the same. But news stories are actually all different because every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story, and every reporter has previous assumptions (beliefs, points of view, and biases) which affect what he/she thinks is there.to edit: to decide what will be included or left out, as editors do in preparing, printing, broadcasting, etc.13．The answers to all of these questions, as well as to other questions about the event, depend entirely on the point of view of the journalist. You might think this is an exaggeration, that reporters, irrespective of their assumptions, can at least get the facts straight. (Para. 7)irrespective of: regardless of; without thinking about or consideringAll government officials, irrespective of their rank, must disclose their property. We pursue the diplomatic policy of the five principles of peaceful coexistence in our relationship with all countries irrespective of their size or political system.to get the facts straight: to find out what the facts are without making mistakes now-defunct: now-dead; now no longer existing or functioningto feature a story: to give a story a prominent place in a newspaper or television news show14．…who thus earn their 35 rubles a month in lieu of “relief”… (Para. 8) Instead of receiving government relief, they are given jobs by the government so that they can earn their money. (这是以⼯代赈的政策)in lieu of: instead of(government) relief：money that is given to poor people by the government (政府)救济15．…it was the policy of the Journal to highlight the contrast between theprimitive Russian economy and the sophisticated American economy. (Para. 11)the Journal: This refers to the newspaper The Wall Street Journal, mentioned above. to highlight: to make people notice or be aware of somethingsophisticated: (the opposite of primitive) highly developed and complex ⾼级的，复杂的16．Each of our senses is a remarkably astute censor. We see what we expect to see; often, we focus on what we are paid to see. And those who pay us to see usually expect us to accept their notions not only of what is important but of what are important details. (Para. 11)We have five sense organs, and they are all extremely sharp censors.censor: a person who examines books, movies, newspapers, etc. and removes things considered by the authorities to be offensive, immoral, or harmful to society (Note the personification of the word) .We do not see or hear everything. We only see or hear what we expect to see or hear because we have been trained that way. We have been paid by our bosses to see or hear what they expect us to see or hear. We have been made to accept our bosses’ notion of what is interesting and important.17．“We’d have complete dossiers on the interests, policies, and idiosyncrasies of the owners. Then we’d have a dossier on every journalist in the world. The interests, prejudices, and quirks of the owner would equal Z. The prejudices, quirks, and private interests of the journalist Y. Z times Y would give you X, the probable amount of truth in the story.” (Para. 12)Here the French writer Albert Camus, quoted by A. J. Liebling, is using a mathematic formula to express the relationship between the interests, prejudices and quirks of a newspaper owner, and those of the journalists, and the probable amount of truth in a news story.Z x Y = XHere, Z = the interests, prejudices, and quirks of the ownerY = the interests, prejudices, and quirks of the journalistsX = the truth probability of the newsDossiers (on): files (of); records (of)18．The host might say something like this: “To begin with, this station is owned by Gary Farnsworth, who is also the president of Bontel Limited, the principal stockholder of which is the Sultan of Bahrain. Bontel Limited owns three Japanese electronic companies, two oil companies, the entire country of Upper Volta, and the western part of Romania. …” (P ara. 13)The implied suggestion is that this television station is quite likely to be biased in its news reporting, reflecting the interests of those who control its finances.19．“The anchorman on the television show earns $800,000 a year; his portfolio i ncludes holdings in a major computer firm. He has a bachelor’s degree in journalismfrom the University of Arkansas but was a C+ student, has never taken a course in political science, and speaks no language other than English. Last year, he read only two books—a biography of Cary Grant and a book of popular psychology called Why Am I So Wonderful? … (Para. 13)The implication here is that the opinions of the anchorman on a television show are strongly influenced by his financial status, his source of income, the education he has received, and the books he has read.anchorman (anchorwoman): (chiefly in the US) a man or woman who presents and coordinates a television news program (电视和⼴播电台)新闻节⽬主持⼈Compare:broadcaster:播⾳员host：（游戏，访谈节⽬）主持⼈portfolio：a range of investments held by a person or organization 全部投资；投资组合holdings：financial assets; land, property, or shares in a company 拥有的财产20. “The reporter who covered the story on Yugoslavia speaks Serbo-Croatian, hasa degree in international relations, and has had a Neiman Fellowship at Harvard University.”(Para. 13)A reporter who speaks the language, has a degree in a related field, and has done research on journalism at a distinguished university can naturally be expected to be more competent to cover the story on Yugoslavia than one without these qualifications.21. What we are saying is that to answer the question “What is news?” a viewer must know something about the political beliefs and economic situation of those who provide the news.(Para. 15)The point we are trying to make is that a viewer must know something about the political beliefs and economic situation of those who supply the news if he/she wants to answer the question “What is news?”Note here that the news reporter’s economic situation r efers to his/her financial status as well as the way his/her living is made, because a person’s vested interest (his/her personal stake in an undertaking, especially with an expectation of financial or other gain) often affects his/her point of view.22. There is, in fact, a point of view that argues against journalists imposing their own sense of significance on an audience.…What’s our point? A viewer must not only know what he or she thinks is significant but others believe is significant as well. (Para. 16)to keep their own opinions to themselves: To keep their own opinions secret; not to announce their own opinionsto advise them of what is important: to instruct them in what is important; to teach them what is importantNote that with the verb “advise”, the preposition “of” is used, and “to advisesomebody of something” is not to be confused with “to advise somebody to do something”.Liz Taylor’s adventures in marriage: This refers to the actress’s unusually numerous marriages, which were a favorite subject of social gossip at the time.A viewer must not only know what he or she thinks is significant but others believe is significant as well: This may be clearer if we repeat the word “what” after “but”.23. Television is a mass medium, which means that a television news show is not intended for you alone. It is public communication, and the viewer needs to have some knowledge and opinions about “the public.”(Para. 17)In defining news it is important for us to remember that a mass medium is not for any single individual alone. It is for the general public, and in a pluralistic society, people’s interests and needs differ. Therefore, viewers must take this fact into consideration and respect the right of other people to be different.24. And this lea ds to another difficulty in answering the question “What is news?” Some might agree with us that Liz Taylor’s adventures in marriage do not constitute significant events but that they ought to be included in a news show precisely for that reason. Her experiences, they may say, are amusing or diverting, certainly engrossing. In other words, the purpose of news should be to give people pleasure, at least to the extent that it takes their minds off their own troubles.… (Para.18)This is looking at news from a different perspective. It says that many people read the news not for being educated or enlightened, but simply for entertainment. This may not be the most important purpose of the mass media, but we can’t say it is illegitimate. The question “What is news?” is now becoming increasingly complicated.they want relief, not aggravation: People want the news to give them some relief–meaning here the removal of something painful or unpleasant rather than its opposite, aggravation, which makes the painful or unpleasant situation even worse. to take their minds off their own troubles: to make them forget their own troubles25. It is also said that whether entertaining or not, stories about the lives of celebrities should be included because they are instructive; they reveal a great deal about our society—its mores, values, ideals. (Para. 18)Even if stories about the lives of celebrities do not amuse or divert us, we still need to read them because these stories tell usa lot about the society we live in.26. Mark Twain once remarked that news is history in its first and best form. (Para.18)People now more or less agree that today’s news is tomorrow’s history, and today’s history was yesterday’s news. So news can be defined as history to this extent.27. Th e American poet Ezra Pound… defined literature as news that stays news. Among other things, Pound meant that the stuff of literature originates not in stories about the World Bank or an armistice agreement but in those simple, repeatable tales that reflect the pain, confusion, or exaltations that are constant in human experience, and touch us at the deepest levels. (Para. 18)Ezra Pound relates news to literature. Such things as the World Bank and an armistice agreement, regarded as important today, will sooner or later become history, things of the past. However, we remember and retell stories about people’s pain, confusion, or exaltations because they are part of human experience and touch our emotions. This kind of news is the source of literature.28. What are we to make of it? Why him? It is like some Old Testament parable; these questions were raised five thousand years ago and we still raise them today. It is the kind of story that stays news, and that is why it must be given prominence. (Para. 18)to make of it: to understand itto be given prominence: to be treated as important; to be stressed29. What about… the fires, rapes, and murders that are daily featured on local television news? Who has decided that they are important, and why? One cynical answer is that they are there because viewers take comfort in the realization that theyhave escaped disaster. At least for that day.(Para. 19)…viewers take comfort in the realization that…: viewers feel relieved or less worried because they know that these terrible things have not happened to them.30. …It is the task of the news story to provide a daily accounting of the progress of society. …These reports, especially those of a concrete nature, are the daily facts from which the audience is expected to draw appropriate conclusions about the question “What kind of society am I a member of?”(Para. 19)Another task of the news story is to give a daily accounting of the progress of society so that viewers will understand their society better.31.… heavy television viewers… believe their communities are much more dangerous than do light television viewers. Television news, in other words, tends to frighten people. (Para. 19)This paragraph suggests that television news tends to frighten rather than to enlighten people. Heavy television viewers believe their communities are much more dangerous than light viewers do. This leads to the question that whether news stories should concentrate on the brighter side of social reality.heavy (light) television viewers: people who watch many (only a few) hours of television programs in a day.32. The question is, “Ought they to be frightened?” which is to ask, “Is the news an accurate portrayal of where we are as a society?” Which leads to anotherquestion, “Is it possible for daily news to give such a picture?” Many journalists believe it is possible. Some are skeptical. The early twentieth-century journalist Lincoln Steffens proved that he could create a “crime wave” any time he wanted by simply writing about all the crimes that normally occur in a large city during the course of a month. He could also end the crime wave by not writing about them. If crime waves can be “manufactured” by journalists, then how accurate are news shows in depicting the condition of a society? (Para. 19)Is it true that journalists can create events and make them disappear? If it were true, wouldn’t that make it very easy to run a country? Moreover, if it were true, how could we ever trust news provided by the mass media? And wouldn’t that also mean that a country could get along just fine without reliable news?portrayal: depiction; description33. Besides, murders, rapes, and fires (even unemployment figures) are not the only way to assess the progress (or regress) of a society. Why are there so few television stories about symphonies that have been composed, novels written, scientific problems solved, and a thousand other creative acts that occur during the course of a month? Were television news to be filled with these events, we would not be frightened. We would, in fact, be inspired, optimistic, cheerful. (Para. 19) This paragraph raises a very interesting question: Why are many events that actually have great impact on human life not given any prominence - new philosophical theories and academic achievements for example? Possible answers are given in the following paragraph.to assess the progress: to measure; to estimate; to evaluate; to appraise regress: moving back to an earlier, less developed and usually worse state or conditio n. It is usually used as a verb. The noun form is “regression”. Compare: digress v. digression n.moving away from the main subject under discussion in speaking and writing34. One answer is as follows. These events make poor television news because there is so little to show about them. In the judgment of most editors, people watch television. And what they are interested in watching are exciting, intriguing, even exotic pictures. Suppose a scientist has developed a new theory about how to measure with more exactitude the speed with which heavenly objects are moving away from the earth. It is difficult to televise a theory, especially if it involved complex mathematics.(Para. 20)This paragraph tries to answer the question raised above. According to the authors, one answer may be that television as a means of communication has its limitations. It is good at showing exciting, intriguing, and exotic pictures and events, but not at dealing with ideas, theories, and other abstract things. In other words, it is a visual medium; it is less effective at engaging viewers’ minds. The second, implied answer is that people watch television mainly to be entertained. They have no time or patience for profound subjects. Lastly, most editors and news directors are incapable of immediately realizing the significance of scientific andtheoretical discoveries. The conclusion seems to be: The news media are extremely important, but they are incapable of answering all our needs where news is concerned.35. Television sells time, and time cannot be expanded. This means that whatever else is neglected, commercials cannot b, which leads to another possible answer to the question “What is news?” News, …in its worst form,… can also be mainly a“filler,” a “come-on” to keep the viewer’s attention until the commercials come. Certain producers have learned that by pandering to the audience, by eschewing solid news and replacing it with leering sensationalism, they can subvert the news by presenting a “television commercial show” that is interrupted by news. (Para.20)In the United States, television stations are privately owned. These privately owned stations sell air time to business companies to promote their products. Therefore, presenting the news show is not the television statio n’s main purpose:“news” serves merely as “filler” to keep the viewer’s attention until the commercials appear, not vice versa. And there is nothing more effective for this purpose than leering sensationalism. This may be an extreme case, but there is certainly some truth in it.36. The purpose of this chapter is to arouse your interest in thinking about the question. Your answers are to be found by knowing what you feel is significant and how your sense of the significant conforms with or departs from that of others, including broadcasters, their bosses, and their audiences. Answers are to be found in your ideas about the purpose of public communication, and in your judgment of the kind of society you live in and wish to live in. We cannot provide answers to these questions. But you also need to know something about the problems, limitations, traditions, motivations, and, yes, even the delusions of the television news industry.(Para. 21)This paragraph concludes the purpose of the essay. The authors do not intend to give us the answer to the question: “What is news?”, because they can’t. The problem is complicated, and each of us has to find his/her own answer. The purpose of the essay is to arouse our interest in answering the question by ourselves, and also to inform us of the important factors we must take into consideration to understand the nature of news.Key to ExercisesI1. a set sequence in a theatrical or comic performance 保留节⽬（喜剧\歌舞等）2.to correct, condense, or modify material when preparing it for publication orpresentation3.in Paragraph 8, financial or practical assistance given to those in need 救济 (in Paragraph 18, the removal of something painful or unpleasant 减轻痛苦)4. a man or woman who presents and coordinates a television program （电视新闻）男节⽬主持⼈5.financial assets; land, property, or shares in a company 拥有的⼟地或股票6.the extent to which something is probable ⼏率7.to consider8.to watch a television show or listen to radio broadcast9.time during which a television show or radio broadcast is being transmitted播放时间10.a news item, public-service announcement, or music, used to fill time on a radioor television program11.something intended to allure or attract12.to undermine the power and authority of a system or institutionV1 How one defines “the news” depen ds on what he/she considers interesting andimportant.2 Now it’s true that Saran Wrap is very useful in many ways, and we guess thatin the end facts will show that it is more useful for the happiness of most of us… (But…)3 But most news is not an essential part of an event. It becomes news only because,in the midst of the noise and disorder of everything happening around us, a journalist has selected it for our attention.4 … it was the policy of the newspaper to focus on the sharp difference betweenthe backward Russian economy and the advanced American economy. Each of our five senses acts as a censor, screening information. It makes us see what we want to see, hear what we want to hear, etc.; and we do so because that is what we have been educated or are paid to do.5 According to Camus, we would have complete records or files on the (newspaper)owners'interests, biases, and peculiar traits. Then we would have similarly complete files on every journalist in the world. Camus then proposes: Z×Y= X, where:Z stands for the prejudices, eccentric habits and private interests of the owner.Y stands for the prejudices, eccentric habits and private interests of the journalist.X is the probable amount of truth in the story.6 Certain producers of television programs have discovered that, by catering tothe low tastes and desires of their audience, by avoiding real news and deliberately replacing it with sensational stories, they can transform television news from programs interrupted by short commercials into one long commercial interrupted by snippets of news.VIPhrases1.⼀种过于简单化的定义2.⼀种公然带有偏见的报道/陈述3.就业数字统计4.喜剧保留剧⽬5.有教育意义的故事6.精神状态7.真实度8.⽯油⼤王/⼤亨9.（社会）习俗10.停战协议11.在他权⼒和声名达到顶峰的时候；在他的权势如⽇中天的时候12.令⼈⽑⾻悚然的谋杀13.犯罪率的激增/犯罪潮14.太空飞⾏物Sentences1. 霍尔姆斯说，什么是法律？法院说什么是法律就是法律。
现代大学英语精读4第二版课后翻译答案(unit4unit6,中英双语)
Unit41.我看见一叶扁舟顺河漂流。
我不想像这小舟一样没有目标，随波逐流地了此一生。
I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do not intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2. 山谷里的桃花全都盛开了，让她留恋忘返。
在前面不远处，她看见一家农舍，从窗户内传来了美妙的乡村音乐。
The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distanceapart from her, she saw alittle hut with sweet country music drifting out of its window.3. 结婚以后，我和朋友的来往慢慢变少了。
而我夹在那些一起共事的商界人士当中十分不自在。
他们说的生意经我厌烦透了。
After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little , and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to workwith. Their businessdiscussions bored me stiff .4.他们之间已经具有发生内战的所有要素。
国际社会已向双方呼吁，希望他们和平解决争端。
They already had all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international community has appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5. 很多人认为教会正在失去他的吸引力。
现代大学英语第二版精品课第二册第六课解析
Rural Life in Britain
Whilst colorful flowers, always important to the cottage dweller, were haphazard in their planting, vegetables were grown in ordered rows. Edibles were grown, not only for the cottagers' own table but also to be sold as a means of supplementing their income. The garden was not solely inhabited by plants, for the keeping of bees, and sometimes pigs, which was once a common sight in the cottage garden. The cottage garden provided the opportunity for the annual village show to develop, with every keen gardener hoping his produce would scoop the top prize.
Contemporary College English
2013.04
Teaching Objectives Lead-in Activities Vocabulary Text Analysis Post-Reading Activities
SIAS UNIVERSITY
Contemporary College English
2013.04
现代大学英语精读6（第二版）参考用书housewifelyarts文章结构
Structure of the TextPart I (Paras. 1-11)The protagonist introduces herself and tells us that she is driving nine hours with her 7-year-old son so that she can hear her mother’s voice again.Part II (Paras. 12-22)The protagonist describes how she had to sell her mother’s house and how the house brought backmemories of her dead mother with her African parrot.Part III (Paras. 23-34)On their way to the Zoo, the protagonist and her son come to a rest stop and what she sees makesher think about her responsibilities as a mother.Part IV (Paras. 35-51)The protagonist reminisces about how she first saw the parrot at her mother’s home and how theydeveloped a hostile relationship from the very beginning.Part V (Paras. 52-58)The protagonist tells her son where they are going and for what purpose. We learn from this section what kind of person her son’s father is and how she became a single parent.Part VI (Paras. 59-65)The protagonist’s son, Ike, tells her a story about his classmate Louis’ crazy mother and t his once again makes her keenly aware of her desire to protect her son against even the knowledge that such people exist.Part VII (Paras. 66-97)This is a most revealing and touching part of the story in which we learn the reasons for the intense disagreements between the protagonist and her mother. She does not understand why hermother often appears harsh and cold, unlike her father, who was kind and did not judge her, norcan she understand why her mother gave so much of her care and attention to a bird s o soon afterher father’s death.Part VIII (Paras. 98-110)The protagonist and her son check into an inn and there she remembers how her mother cried overher grandmother’s death. She also hears in the news about a python strangling a toddler, whichreminds h er of a video of a similar event Ike’s father showed her. The fear that this could reallyhappen to her son keeps her awake that night.Part IX (Paras. 111-123)In this section, the protagonist recalls how cruelly she hurt her mother’s feelings over the par rot when it was time to send her mother to a nursing home.Part X (Paras. 124-143)These memories show why the protagonist misses her mother so much and wants so much to hearher dead mother’s voice once again through the imitations of the parrot, but the b ird refuses to talk,as though her mother still will not forgive her for the way she treated the bird.Part XI (Paras. 144-150)The protagonist now remembers the day her mother finally had to part with her beloved bird and go to the nursing home. It was a heart-breaking day for her.Part XII (Paras.151-177)As the protagonist revisits her home, happy memories come to her and she recalls her deceased parents. Her son feels sorry that his mother has been brought up in this place; in its rundownstate,he sees it as miserable, but his mother tells him that it was “a beautiful house”.Part XIII (Paras. 178-192)A realtor comes for a preview, then a couple come for an inspection. As they check the house, theyjot down critical observations. The protagonist thinks that perhaps this is just the right place forher and her son.Part XIV (Paras. 193-211)The protagonist again remembers the day she was to send her mother to the nursing home. She kept asking her mother whether she would like to keep a few things as souvenirs, but her mother’sanswer was always no, saying that she “could turn her heart off”. Looking back, the protagonistrealizes that this was not true, and that they were all “sick with love”.。
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genius and have the potential of a good
mechanic. What he said set the whole family
laughing. 精选
Warming up
Vocabulary Revision
Match the words with their correct meanings in th Nhomakorabea text.
1. assure 2. encounter 3. spout 4. occasion 5. potential
a. the possibility that sth. will have a positive effect b. to send out with great force; gush c. to tell sb. that sth. is sure to happen d. a special or particular time e. to meet sb. or experience sth.
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2.今天，多数人看问题都有了新的角度，他
们不再认为主要是国内生产总值（GDP）标 志一个国家的幸福了。 GDP:
Gross Domestic Products 标志： mark, symbolize, represent, show
Today, most people have got a new perspective. They no longer accept the view that mainly GDP marks the happiness of a nation.
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10. 有一次我修好了一个漏气的自行车胎， 爸爸拍拍我的肩膀，逗我说我是家里的天才， 有当机械师的潜力。他的话引起了全家人的 大笑。
Once I fixed my bike tire/tyre which was
leaking. My Dad patted me on the shoulder
A young man who saw the woman run over by the car has agreed to appear in court as witness. I admire his courage.
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7. 大学教育应该设法保证我们的大学生有 进行批判性思维的能力。
College education should see to it that our students are able to do critical thinking.
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8. 你们在预习功课的时候，一定要尽量试 试，看你是否能提出重要的问题来，是否能 作出有意义的评论。
While you are preparing your lessons, you must try your best to see if you can raise some significant questions and give meaningful comments/criticisms.
The Green Banana
Donald Bechelder
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Vocabulary Exercise – T1.ra当n我s们la到t达io目n的地时，我们发现这块地上已
经没有任何建筑，只有一些石头散落在地上。 没有人能认出这是一段可以追溯到千年以前 的城墙。
When we reached our destination, we found nothing standing on the ground except some rocks scattered here and there. Nobody would be able to recognize it as part of the city wall a thousand years ago.
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3.让我们同意对方可以有不同意见吧。我们 起码在一点上意见是一致的，我们同意不采 取暴力，我们同意我们的分歧必须和平解决。
Let’s agree to disagree. We at least agree on one thing: We agree not
to use force. We agree that we must settle our disputes peacefully.
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5.我可以向你保证，她是一个非常随和的人。 我从来没有见过她发脾气。
I can assure you. She is a very agreeable person. I have never seen her lose her temper.
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6. 一位亲眼看见那个妇女被汽车轧过的年 轻人同意出庭凭证。我很欣赏他的勇气。
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9. 在对这个问题进行仔细思考以后，我认 识到，我们必须确保我们的学生不但能谋生， 还能懂得怎样生活。
Upon careful reflections on this issue, I’ve come to realize that we must make sure that our students not only can make a living, but also know how to live.
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4.桂林向来被我们称为最美的地方，我以前
怀疑这种说法。现在我完全同意他们了。一 切都美极了，尤其是那些千姿百态的石峰。
Guilin has always been regarded by our people as the most beautiful place in our country. I used to have my doubts, but now I totally agree with them. Everything is so beautiful, especially the rock formations in all those different shapes.