美国野牛镍币课件
野牛镍币
美国硬币小知识
ⅱ 50 cents (五角) 这个不太通行，赌场可见。 25
cents (二角半) quarter 10 cents (一角) dime 5 cents (五仙) 1 cents (一仙) quarter -> 2角5分(25分) dime -> 1角(10分) nickel -> 5分 penny -> 1 分 还有1美元的硬币... 老的1美元很大...新的1美元小很多...没有上面4种 那么常见...5角就更罕见了... 5分钱硬币的直径比1 角硬币大...1角和1分差不多大...就颜色不同...
美国西部开发与野牛镍币
美国的西部大开发也叫西进运动。 早在北美殖民地时期，向西移民的活 动就开始了。南部的奴隶主、北部的土地投机商和贫苦的老百姓，都希望 在西部获得土地。英国政府为了把殖民地人民限制在能够控制的地方，于 1763年颁布了禁止移民越过阿巴拉契亚山脉以西的公告令。独立革命粉 碎了这一规定。1783年英美议定了和平解决方案，英国把阿巴拉契亚山 以西至密西西比河这一大片印第安人所有的土地，开放给了美国。1830 年5月，A．杰克逊总统通过了《印第安人迁移法》，把印第安人迁到密西 西比河以西。这之后，派军队把印第安人押送出密西西比河以东地区，殖 民事业在这一地区迅速发展。“旧西南部”(包括今肯塔基、田纳西、亚 拉巴马、密苏里、密西西比、阿肯色、路易斯安那诸州)的土地，主要被 种植园奴隶主占有，成为棉花的主要产地。“旧西北部”(包括今俄亥俄、 印第安纳、伊利诺伊、密歇根、威斯康星诸州)的殖民开发，是由于1785 年通过的土地条例(按低价出售公有土地)和1787年《西北准州地区条例》 而迅速开展的。独立革命开始时这里只不过有几千名法国人，1810年移 民已有27万多，1860年增加到693万人，仅芝加哥城人口就有100万。这 里是盛产谷物和养育业发达的地区。
美国野牛硬币课件
• The first world war ii appeared in "uncle Sam" called on American young soldier posters, be very widespread.
•
In 1961, the United States congress formally admitted "uncle Sam" to America's national symbol
• The coin was designed by James Earle Fraser, a noted artist with a keen interest in native culture. His initial "F" appears below the date on the coin.
Columbus set foot on American continent after their first sight of biological may not human, but buffalo. When the entire North America about Sixty million buffalo, in droves in prairie stroll. So shocking scene must let eyewitness acclaim, now defined on behalf of the American west classic amorous feelings of the picture, and also became an American buffalo spiritual symbol.
美国的特征——镍币
• In order to honor
a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier — the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.
The Buffalo Nickel
野牛镍币
环境与规划学院
The Buffalo Nickel
The Buffalo Nickel was emitted and used during 1913 and 1938.It was designed by James Earle Fraser to commemorate the Buffalo and the Indians--the victims of the Westwood Movement. The Buffalo and the Indians on the nickel were all from the archetype. 牛镍币在1913年至1938年发行，由著名的艺术家 James Earle Fraser对美国西部开发的牺牲品——野 牛和印第安人的纪念。镍币上的野牛和印第安人都以 真实的原型进行创作
Designed by Famed artist James Earle Fraser
From 1913 to 1938
The Buffalo Nickel is made of 75% copper and 25% nickel that is about 21 millimeters in diameter.
野牛镍币是由75%的铜和25%的镍制作而成， 直径大约21毫米。
野牛镍币素材
印第安人残绝的历史
• 16世纪后来到美洲的欧洲殖民者带给当地印第安人是毁灭性的灾难。 据统计，殖民时期，西班牙所属的领地有1300万印第安人被杀，巴西 地区有大约1000万被杀，美国西进运动中又有100万左右印第安人被杀。 大量印第安人被奴役甚至屠杀。拉丁美洲的印第安人基本上没有纯男 性系更糟，印第安人被赶入印第安保留地，其在当 地人口所占比例小于5%。在美国，印第安人仅占总人口的1%左右。 • 1783年，美国独立以后，对印第安人的屠杀和虐待并没有丝毫收敛。 印第安人长期遭到屠杀、围攻、驱赶、被迫迁徙等迫害，人数急剧减 少。到20世纪初期，只剩下30多万人。
• While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed ar tist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as mo dels for his creation.
• 此前一直是白人被用作美国镍币上的模特，而 著名的艺术家詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽却反传统 而行之，起用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为 自己创作的原型。
• For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City's Central Pa rk Zoo. Two years later, in 1915, this animal was sold for $100 and killed for meat, a hide, and a wall decoration m ade from its horns. • 由于大草原上不再有野牛漫步，弗雷泽为了镍币另 一面上的野牛，只好到纽约中央公园的动物园里素 描一只老野牛。两年后，即1915年，此牛以100美元 的价格售出，然后被宰取肉、剥皮，牛角制成了墙 上的装饰品。
精选野牛镍币 (Buffalo Nickel) 版.ppt
水牛镍币
The Buffalo Nickel is
（水牛镍是由75%的铜和25%的镍而制成，硬
made of 75% copper and 币直径约21毫米）
25% nickel and the coin
is about 21 mm in
diameter
The first Buffalo Nickels minted in 1913 were
作品包括
《本杰明 富兰克林》；《西奥多 罗斯福》； 约翰 埃里克森纪念碑；《乔治 s 巴顿将军》……
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以下有几种镍 币的图片请欣 赏：
水牛镍币
由于当时美国的开荒者为了开发， 严重破坏了水牛的生态环境水牛 数量严重下降。
为了提醒美国公民保护 环境，政府就发行量这 种水牛镍币
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人 头 像 镍 币
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2.The design depicts a realisticportrait of an American Indian on the obverse of the coin along with the word "Liberty" along the rim. The reverse of the coin features a magnificent buffalo and the words FIVE CENTS on a raised mound on which the buffalo stands. The coin is unique inasmuch as no other regular issue U.S. coin has ever featured an animal (other than the eagle) as a part of its main design.
野牛镍币
水牛城首次铸造镍经常使用的硬币在美国于1913年，并成为深受广大市民。
硬币的设计是由詹姆斯厄尔雷弗雷泽，著名艺术家，以极大的兴趣本土文化。
他最初的“ F ”下方的日期硬币。
设计一个现实的画像描绘了美洲印第安人的正面的硬币连同字“自由”沿岸。
相反硬币功能的壮丽水牛和5美分的话就提出丘上的水牛立场。
硬币是独一无二的，因为没有其他问题，美国经常硬币都精选动物（除老鹰），作为其主要的设计。
水牛城镍是75 ％和25 ％的铜镍和硬币是约21毫米的直径。
第一布法罗尼克尔斯铸造于1913年最初的设计击中了水牛站在投手。
这些被称为1型硬币。
由于一些生产问题，这使得设计，设计变更和未来所有硬币精选水牛站在平坦平原。
硬币后者设计被称为2型硬币。
布法罗尼克尔斯继续铸造，直到1913年后每年1938 -唯一的例外是1922年，1932年和1933年。
超过1亿美元的这些硬币铸造，在此期间，在各种薄荷设施，包括费城，丹佛，旧金山和薄荷糖。
该mintmark上可以找到扭转下的硬币的话5美分。
最稀有的布法罗镍是1918/7-D overdate 。
还稀少1937D是著名的“三腿”的品种。
该品种被同一个错误，解除了死亡的水牛的前站。
很难找到其他日期包括2型1913D和2型1913S 。
非常常见的日期（除少数品种）是布法罗尼克尔斯铸造32年至38年。
其原因尚不完全清楚，布法罗尼克尔斯之前至1930年是非常稀少的流通条件。
The Buffalo Nickel was first minted for regular use in U.S. coinage in 1913 and became very popular with the general public. The coin was designed by James Earle Fraser, a noted artist with a keen interest innative culture. His initial "F" appears below the date on the coin.The design depicts a realistic portrait of an American Indian on the obverse of the coin along with the word "Liberty" along the rim. The reverse of the coin features a magnificent buffalo and the words FIVE CENTS on a raised mound on which the buffalo stands. The coin is unique inasmuch as no other regular issue U.S. coin has ever featured an animal (other than the eagle) as a part of its main design.The Buffalo Nickel is made of 75% copper and 25% nickel and the coin is about 21 mm in diameter. The first Buffalo Nickels minted in 1913 were originally struck with a design that had the buffalo standing on a mound. These are referred to as Type 1 coins. Due to some production problems with this raised design, the design was changed and all future coins featured the buffalo standing on a flat plain. Coins with this latter design are referred to as Type 2 coins.Buffalo Nickels continued to be minted annually after 1913 until 1938 - with the exception of the years 1922, 1932 and 1933. Over 1 billion of these coins were minted during this time at various mint facilities including the Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco mints. The mintmark can be found on the reverse of the coin under the words FIVE CENTS. The rarest Buffalo Nickel is the 1918/7-D overdate. Also scarce is the famous 1937D "three legged" variety. This variety was struck with a faulty die that removed the buffalo's front leg. Other hard to find dates include the Type 2 1913D and the Type 2 1913S. Very commondates (except for a few varieties) are the Buffalo Nickels minted from 1932 to 1938. For reasons that are not entirely clear, Buffalo Nickels made prior to 1930 are quite scarce in uncirculated condition.布法罗镍第一铸造经常使用在美国硬币1913并成为很受欢迎的公共。
美国野牛镍币资料
herd
[C] a large group of animals of the same type which live and feed together 牧群 The herd are scattered over the hills. 牧群散布在群山上。 The lions killed the entire herd of goats. 狮子把那群山羊全都咬死了。
Destruction
[U] the act of destroying or state of being destroyed 破坏；毁坏 the destruction of the forest by fire 火灾对森林的破坏 The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction. 敌人的炸弹造成广泛的破坏。
• The Buffalo Nickel
-------Five famous symblols of American culture
LOGO
The Buffalo Nickel
The buffalo nickel,produced from 1913 t o 1938 honored a pair of connected trag edies from the settement of the America n fronntier-the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.
野牛镍币 （Buffalo Nickel）
美 国 普 通 的 镍 币
While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins,famed artst James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Tndians as models for his creation.
野牛镍币中英介绍
Time:1913 to 1938Designer:Famed artist James Earle FraserModel:One side: three actual American Indians,the other side:Buffalo---no longer wandered about the great grasslandHistoty:Honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier—the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians.The buffola no longer wandered about the great grasslands.originThe Buffalo Nickle was firstly designed in 1911. At that time the United States pioneered the development of serious damage to the ecological environment of the buffalo and the the number of it was serious decline. 野牛镍币开始设计与1911年。
由于当时美国的开荒者为了开发严重破坏了水牛的生态环境，水牛的数量严重下降。
To remind American citizens to protect the environment, the government issued this buffalo nickel. 为了提醒美国公民保护环境，政府就发行了这种野牛镍币。
It was reported that the buffalo is found in the New York Central Park Zoo and the buffalo was quiet old when found. 据说当时这头水牛还是在纽约Central Park Zoo找到的，找到的时候这头水牛年龄已经相当大.Two years after 1915, it was sold to 100 dollars, and to kill for food, and leather ! Really a bit ironic. 在两年后也就是1915，它以100美元被卖了，并杀来用作食物，与皮衣！确实有点讽刺意味。
野牛镍币
两大悲剧：
1.野牛的灭绝 2.印第安人的毁灭
The extinction of buffalo make great plains indians lost the material basis for the survival, so that they finally have to accept the United States government forced assimilation policy. Narrowing of the U.S. government to Indian reservation policy and military war "against" the root cause of the policy is not to make them to. White was finally defeat the indians, because professional hunter bloodbath of the great plains bison bison results of extinction. Buffalo is a plains Indian food and clothing and various supplies.
美国西部开发与野牛镍币
19世纪初期，数以千记的人，越过阿帕拉契山，向西移动。 有些开拓者，移居到美国的边界，甚至深入属于墨西哥的领 地、以及介于阿拉斯加与加利福尼亚的俄勒冈。开拓者勇敢、 勤奋地向西追求更好的生活。然而在这个过程中就出现数以 万记血腥的屠杀，包括对印第安人的种族灭绝和对美国野牛 的疯狂杀缪。 In the early 19th century, thousands of people, across the Appalachian mountain, move to the west. Some pioneers, the boundary of the emigrated to the United States, even deep belongs to the territory of Mexico and Oregon between Alaska and California. Portland brave, diligently pursue a better life in the west. However appear in the process of tens of thousands of bloody massacre, including the genocide of native americans and the American buffalo crazy kill Samuel.
The_Buffalo_Nickel_野牛镍币
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7. The Republic of Benie(贝宁
共和国)
Benin republic issued a marijuana COINS, though there is no "herbs" curative effect, this coin have special aroma.
The text
Columbus set foot on American continent after their first sight of biological may not human, but buffalo. When the entire North America about Sixty million buffalo, in droves in prairie stroll. So shocking scene must let eyewitness acclaim, now defined on behalf of the American west classic amorous feelings of the picture, and also became an American buffalo spiritual symbol.
但是1913到1938年间，发行的野牛镍币，却 是为了纪念由美国拓居引起相互关联的悲 剧—野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。
• The coin was designed by James Earle Fraser, a noted artist with a keen interest in native culture. His initial "F" appears below the date on the coin.
英语课件 the buffelo
沿用至唐初，是中国最长寿的货币
5、唐初改铸"开元通宝"钱
实现由铢两体系向十进位制年号宝文体系钱币的 转变
6、两宋铜铁钱并行与纸币出现
中国钱币艺术最鼎盛时期，纸币的诞生和流通
7 、 明清以银为主，钱钞为辅的货币制度
8、
清朝后期开始使用银元铜元机制币
9、民国时期的纸币
讲课：张瑜 课件制作：陈梦娟 材料查找：任甜，孙婵 图片搜寻：王梦琳，刘雨 课文分析：廖小燕，姚梅
sth
For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City's Central Park Zoo. Twobe forced to in 1915, years later, decorate with this animal was sold for $100 and force sb to do sth killed for meat, a hide, and a wall decoration made from its horns.
a herd of
While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle be used to 惯于 Fraserto do sth 过去常常做 tradition by used went against be used to doing 习惯做某事 using three actual American be used to do sth 被用来做… Indians as models for his creation. be opposite to
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2. [C] a serious play that has a sad ending 悲剧 作品 In most classical tragedies, the solution was death.在大部分古典悲剧中，死即矛盾之解决。
3
settlement n.1. [U] the movement of a new population into a
place to live there 移民；拓居 the settlement of 1 the American West美国西部的移民
frontier
2. [C, U] an agreement that ends an argument 决 定；协议 Following the settlement of the strike, the train service is now back to normal. 在罢工问题解决之后，铁路交通现在已恢复正常。 n.1. (the ~) an area where people have never 2 lived before, esp. in the western US before the 20th century （尤指20世纪前美国西部的）边远地 区 Heavy fighting took place last night at the frontier.昨晚在边境上发生了激战。
Translation:
1
今天，美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府 的杰出人物，其中大部分是著名的前总 2 统。但1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币， 却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相 互关联的悲剧──野牛群的灭绝和美洲印 第安人的毁灭。
3
Para 13
1
While white people had previously been used as models for most American 2 coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation.
1ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier—the destruction of the buffalo herds 2 and the American Indians. (Para. 12) 2 Meaning: But the Buffalo nickel, which was produced from 1913 to 1938, honored two tragedies—the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians—which were closely connected and took place as the result of the settlement of the American frontier. 3
Translation:
1
由于大草原上不再有野牛漫步，弗雷 泽为了镍币另一面上的野牛，只好到纽 约中央公园的动物园里素描一只老野牛。 2 两年后，即1915年，此牛以100美元的 价格售出，然后被宰杀取肉、剥皮，牛 角制成了墙上的装饰品。
3
讲解 景培芳 PPT: 李婧 查找资料：乔雪丽 鹿警支 陈一伟
目录
Vocabulary
Text
Introduction
1
buffalo tragedy
n.[C] 野牛 Buffaloes migrated across the plains.野牛迁徙过 平原。 n.1. [C, U] a terrible event that causes great sadness 悲剧；不幸 2 The pilot stopped a tragedy when he succeeded in preventing the plane from crashing.驾驶员成 功地避免了飞机的坠毁，从而避免了一场悲剧。
1 destruction n.[U] the act of destroying or state of being
destroyed 破坏；毁坏 the destruction of the forest by fire 火灾对森林的破坏 decoration n.1. [C] sth. that is used to decorate sth. else 装饰品 2 The only decoration in the room was a picture above the fireplace.房间里唯一的 装饰品是挂在壁炉上方的那幅画。 2. [U] the act or art of decorating 装饰；装 饰艺术 He is an expert on Islamic decoration.他是 3 位伊斯兰装饰艺术的专家。
2. (~s) the limit of what is known about sth. 前沿； 尖端 Many scientists enjoy the excitement of working at the frontiers of knowledge. 许多科学家喜欢在知识领域的前沿探索时的那种兴 3 奋感。
herd
n.[C] a large group of animals of the same 1 type which live and feed together 牧群 The herd are scattered over the hills. 牧群散布在群山上。 horn n.1. [C] a hard, pointed, often curved part that grows from the top of the heads of some animals （牛、羊等的）角 2 A mature cow has horns. 成熟的母牛有一对角。 2. [C] a device for sounding a warning signal 喇叭；号角 The bus driver sounded his horn at the children in the street.公共汽车驾驶员向街上 3 的孩子们鸣喇叭。
Para 12
1
Today, American coins honor prominent figures of the US government—mostly famous former presidents. But the Buffalo nickel, 2 produced from 1913 to 1938, honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier— the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians. 3
1
For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City's Central Park Zoo. (Para. 14) 2 Meaning: In order to have the buffalo for the other side of the coin, Fraser had to go to New York City's Central Park Zoo and draw a picture of an aging buffalo, because buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands. (Their number was severely 3 reduced.)
3
Translation:
此前一直是白人被用作美国镍币上 的模特，而著名的艺术家詹姆斯· 厄 尔· 弗雷泽却反传统而行之，起用了 三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己 创作的原型。
1
2
3
Para 14
1
For the buffalo on the other side, since buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch an aging 2 buffalo from New York City's Central Park Zoo. Two years later, in 1915, this animal was sold for $100 and killed for meat, a hide, and a wall decoration made from its 3 horns.